CN100519946C - River dike underwater riprap detecting method - Google Patents
River dike underwater riprap detecting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN100519946C CN100519946C CNB2006100861631A CN200610086163A CN100519946C CN 100519946 C CN100519946 C CN 100519946C CN B2006100861631 A CNB2006100861631 A CN B2006100861631A CN 200610086163 A CN200610086163 A CN 200610086163A CN 100519946 C CN100519946 C CN 100519946C
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 15
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004078 waterproofing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 abstract description 28
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 18
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 7
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 3
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- Measurement Of Velocity Or Position Using Acoustic Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
Abstract
Riprap of river levees underwater detection method was described: positioning using two dual-frequency GPS receiver instantaneous. a set of GPS stations located in the ground, another set of GPS stations in tracking, their receiving antenna cables in fixed detector position; using the chirp of shallow stratigraphic profile, will launch a probe into the water, and the use of navigation software for water position that the importation of the initial design Coordinate Measuring line; By design measuring line navigation, taking flight, using continuous measurement mode, real-time record measured coordinates track location map; use of shallow stratigraphic profile of underwater riprap areas Detection, stratigraphic section acoustic recordings; to track location map and stratigraphic section sound and graphics combined with a variety of conditions underwater riprap A typical shallow image control features, thereby detecting underwater riprap, without judgment Stone, a stone and the stone siltation coverage area. The invention of the underwater riprap levee provides an effective and reliable detection method to record high resolution, visual power.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a detection method, in particular to a detection method for the construction quality of waterproof riprap of a river levee.
Background
The underwater riprap revetment is a stone layer which is formed by throwing the embankment of a scoured area from deep body to beach by using block stones with a certain particle size range to increase the impact resistance of the river bank to water flow and achieve the aim of stabilizing river vigor and bank slope, and is mainly applied to embankment sections which are narrow outside the embankment, serious in water flow scour, deep body embankment forcing and serious in bank line collapse retreat. The underwater riprap revetment reinforcing method is widely applied to the maintenance and reinforcement of river levees in China, and the condition cannot be changed greatly in a long history period in the future.
How to control and evaluate the construction quality of underwater riprap is a very concerned problem for units such as construction, design, construction, supervision, operation management and the like. However, the current construction effect of underwater riprap of the dike lacks of a modern, effective and reliable detection method: because the bank section of the underwater riprap revetment project is basically a section with strong river channel change, the elutriation or silting action of water flow on a river bed is fast, the form, the topography and the like of the river bank in design change along with time, the bank line is long, the positioning and the metering are difficult in riprap construction, and the traditional underwater section measuring process after riprap is complex and has low precision; in addition, although the GPS can accurately perform horizontal positioning and grid division, the sound waves emitted by a common depth finder cannot penetrate through a riprap part which sinks under a sludge layer during riprap, and the section change before and after riprap at the place cannot be accurately given. Therefore, the topographic maps measured at different time periods sometimes differ greatly, and objective evaluation of the finished polished stone quality is difficult.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects, the invention aims to provide a river levee water and riprap detection method, namely a shallow stratum profile method adopting chirp (linear frequency modulation) technology, the method can effectively penetrate through surface layer silt deposited at the bottom of a river and detect the soil condition under the silt, and the recording resolution obtained by the method is high and the intuition is strong.
The principle of the shallow stratum profile method is that a conical sound wave beam is emitted to the position right below a fish through a transducer, when the sound wave reaches the water bottom, a part of energy is reflected by the water bottom to obtain a strong echo (corresponding to a water bottom line of a sound image), a part of energy penetrates into the mud and continues to be transmitted to the deep part of a stratum in a sediment layer, and part of energy is lost due to scattering and absorption of solid matters in the stratum, wherein part of energy is back-scattered to the transducer, and the part of energy contains stratum composition information. When meeting the interface of the stratum, the strong reflection can be generated, so that the layered structure of the stratum can be reflected. By means of the forward navigation of the working ship, the received signals of the transducer form a two-dimensional acoustic image of the stratum profile right below the fish on the display and the thermosensitive recorder.
The power emitted by the shallow profiler determines the depth of penetration of the instrument. The greater the power, the deeper the penetration; the resolution (referred to as the upper and lower boundary of the deposited layer) depends on the frequency emitted by the instrument, the higher the frequency, the higher the resolution. To make the profiler more transparent, the energy of the transmitted sound wave must be increased, i.e. the transmit pulse length is lengthened, which, however, results in a decrease in the vertical resolution of the profiler (i.e. the resolution of the layer thickness). In order to achieve both depth of penetration and resolution, chirped shallow earth profilers have been developed in recent years that use chirp technology, i.e., transmit a chirp pulse at 2-7kHz, Δ f being 5kHz, and match filter the received pulse to obtain an echo pulse with a pulse width equal to about 1/Δ f, so that the vertical resolution of the device is equal to c/2 Δ f (where c is the speed of sound), independent of the transmitted pulse width. The contradiction between the penetration depth and the vertical resolution is solved. So that a higher index with a resolution of 0.15m and a penetration depth of 20-80m (soft mud) is obtained in the case that the transducer size is limited by the size of the fish.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for detecting riprap waterproofing of a river levee comprises the following steps:
two sets of GPS double-frequency instantaneous receivers are used, one set of GPS double-frequency instantaneous receivers are used as GPS reference stations and erected on the land, the other set of GPS reference stations are used as GPS mobile stations and placed on a measuring ship, and receiving antennas of the GPS double-frequency instantaneous receivers are fixed at the position of a cable detector;
hanging a transmitting probe and a receiving cable of the shallow stratum profiler outside a board (such as a left board or a right board) of a measuring ship, putting the measuring ship into water, positioning the measuring ship on the water by using navigation software, and inputting an initial point coordinate of a designed measuring line;
navigating according to a designed measuring line, controlling the navigation speed to be about 2.5 knots, and recording a measuring point coordinate track position diagram in real time by adopting a continuous measuring mode during navigation; detecting the underwater riprap area by using a shallow stratum profiler, and forming a stratum profile two-dimensional acoustic image as a record;
and combining the track position diagram with the stratum profile acoustic diagram to detect the underwater riprap range and respectively judge the non-stone area, the stone area and the silt deposit coverage area on the stone.
The above scheme of the invention can have the following different specific optimization schemes:
1. in the method for detecting the riprap of the river levee, a stratum profile sonogram recorded by a shallow stratum profiler is read according to the following rules:
in the stone region, the reflection phase of a riprap interface on the stratum profile acoustic diagram is discontinuous and is represented as a granular strip, and the lower part of the granular strip is a strong noise signal;
in the river bottom soil layer of the stone-free area, the stratum profile acoustic diagram shows uniform black strips, and sometimes two or more layers of reflection phase in-phase axes appear;
for the silt falling area with deposited soil on the riprap, the upper layer of the stratum profile acoustic diagram is a river bottom soil layer characteristic and is a dark black strip, and the lower layer is a riprap characteristic and is a granular strip.
2. The river levee riprap prevention detection method adopts a linear scanning type shallow layer profiler system, such as a CP931 type shallow layer profiler.
3. The model of the GPS double-frequency instant RTK receiver used in the river levee riprap prevention detection method is SR 530.
After the scheme is adopted, according to the detection result of specific implementation, the detection method can clearly distinguish the boundary line of the stone-throwing area and the stone-free area, the upper silt falling area after stone throwing and the silty sandy loam river bottom surface, the detection cost is low, the efficiency is high, and the acoustic recording profile obtained by measurement is similar to the geological profile in shape; after being compared with a design drawing, the construction quality of underwater riprap can be detected.
The invention provides a modern, effective and reliable detection method for the construction quality of underwater riprap of the dike, and the recording resolution obtained by the method is high and the intuition is strong.
Drawings
Fig. 1-4 are cross-sectional views of several typical shallow strata of underwater riprap: wherein,
FIGS. 1 and 2 are contrasted for a riprap zone and a no-stone zone;
FIG. 3 is a comparison of FIG. 4 with a stone throwing area, a silt falling area and a stone-free area;
FIG. 5 is a design riprap section corresponding to FIG. 1;
FIG. 6 is a comparison of the design flint range and the measured outer edge line of a shallow profiler;
FIG. 7 is a sectional view of the shallow layer of riprap underwater in the dike of example 1 (section 1806.3 m).
Detailed Description
the measurement is carried out at three places, namely A, B river dike and C river dike, the purpose of the measurement is to find riprap in the river, and according to the field test comparison, the shallow stratum profiler is determined to adopt a high resolution mode, and the depth of the launching probe and the receiving cable of the profiler into the water is 0.7 m.
Positioning on water by using navigation software, and inputting design measurement line coordinates;
navigating according to a designed measuring line, controlling the navigational speed to be about 2.5 knots, and recording the coordinates of the measuring points in real time by adopting a continuous measuring mode during navigation; and detecting the underwater riprap area by using a shallow stratum profiler, and forming a stratum profile acoustic diagram as a record.
The acoustic map of the stratigraphic section is interpreted according to the following rules, see fig. 1 to 4:
in the stone region, the reflection phase of a riprap interface on the stratum profile acoustic diagram is discontinuous and is represented as a granular strip, and the lower part of the granular strip is a strong noise signal;
in the river bottom soil layer of the stone-free area, the stratum profile acoustic diagram shows uniform black strips, and sometimes two or more layers of reflection phase in-phase axes appear;
for the silt falling area with deposited soil on the riprap, the upper layer of the stratum profile acoustic diagram is a river bottom soil layer characteristic and is a dark black strip, and the lower layer is a riprap characteristic and is a granular strip.
Combining the stratum profile acoustic diagram with the track position diagram, and detecting the condition after underwater riprap; after being compared with the design drawing, the construction quality of underwater riprap can be judged.
A river dike underwater riprap and a shallow profiler detect 14 cross sections and 3 longitudinal sections along the water flow direction. The detection width of each cross section is 120-150m, the detection length of each longitudinal section is 4.6-4.8km, and the water surface elevation is 6.30m during detection. And B, 12 cross sections are detected by underwater riprap of the saddle waist-mountain flat pool, and the water surface elevation is 3.80m during detection. 10 cross sections are detected in the river dike underwater riprap area of the old levee in Maanshan, and the water surface elevation is 3.60m during detection.
During detection, the measuring ship cannot move to the position above the slope connecting stone and only can move to the position 10-15 m away from the slope connecting stone when the water level of the Yangtze river reaches the position near a dry water platform, so that the shallow stratum profiler cannot measure the full width of the designed riprap. However, according to the track coordinates of the measuring points, the position of the front edge line of the riprap in the river can be accurately judged so as to be compared with the designed riprap position in a set drawing manner.
Referring to fig. 5, the design section of fig. 1 is shown, and compared with the design section, the width of the riprap on the outer side of the section is insufficient. Also, part of the actual riprap outer edge line is found to exceed the design outer edge line in the inspection, which may be related to past historical riprap and bank slope washing.
Accordingly, when the actually measured riprap outer edge line of each cross section of the project A is compared with the riprap outer edge line during completion, the actual riprap width of a local section exceeds the design width, and no riprap is seen in the local part in the section design riprap width. 8 actual riprap outer edge lines of the cross sections detected by the 14 shallow stratum profilers exceed the design outer edge line, and the exceeding amplitude value is 2.4-73.5 m. The actual riprap outer edge lines of the 6 cross sections are smaller than the design outer edge line, and the reduction amplitude value is 6.8-18.3 m.
Referring to fig. 7, it can be seen that in the process a, no riprap is seen in a part of the designed riprap area, and riprap is seen in a part of the non-designed riprap area.
The detection result of underwater riprap of the project B is as follows: the riprap area is designed to have riprap basically, and a large area without riprap is not seen. The actual riprap outer edge lines of all the detection sections exceed the design outer edge line, and the exceeding amplitude value is 4.3-17.2 m. The detection result of underwater riprap of the C project is as follows: the riprap area (as a finished drawing) is basically provided with riprap, and a large-area riprap-free area is not seen. And 4 actual riprap outer edge lines in the 10 shallow stratum section detection sections exceed the design outer edge line, and the exceeding amplitude value is 0.2-8.3 m. The 5 actual riprap outer edge lines are smaller than the design outer edge line, and the amplitude reduction value is 3.5-8.8 m.
The detection of the shallow stratum profilers of three projects shows that the detection method can clearly distinguish the boundary line of a stone throwing area and a stone-free area, an upper silt falling area after stone throwing and a silty sandy loam river bottom surface; through comparing with the design drawing, can make things convenient for effectual detection underwater to throw the stone scope up to standard or not.
Claims (2)
1. A method for detecting riprap waterproofing of a river levee comprises the following steps:
two sets of GPS double-frequency instantaneous receivers are used, one set of GPS double-frequency instantaneous receivers are used as GPS reference stations and erected on the land, the other set of GPS reference stations are used as GPS mobile stations and placed on a measuring ship, and receiving antennas of the GPS double-frequency instantaneous receivers are fixed at the position of a cable detector;
the method comprises the following steps of (1) hanging a transmitting probe and a receiving cable of a shallow stratum profiler adopting a linear frequency modulation technology outside a board of a measuring ship, putting the shallow stratum profiler into water, positioning the shallow stratum profiler on the water by using navigation software, and inputting initial coordinates of a design survey line;
navigating according to a designed measuring line, controlling the navigation speed to be about 2.5 knots, and recording a measuring point coordinate track position diagram in real time by adopting a continuous measuring mode during navigation; detecting the underwater riprap area by using a shallow stratum profiler, and forming a stratum profile two-dimensional acoustic image as a record;
combining the track position map with the stratum profile two-dimensional acoustic map so as to detect the underwater riprap range and respectively judge the non-stone area, the stone area and the silt deposit coverage area on the stone;
the method comprises the following steps of reading a stratigraphic section acoustic image recorded by a shallow stratigraphic profiler:
and (3) inspecting a stratum profile acoustic diagram:
in the stone region, the reflection phase of a riprap interface on the stratum profile acoustic diagram is discontinuous and is represented as a granular strip, and the lower part of the granular strip is a strong noise signal;
in the river bottom soil layer of the stone-free area, the stratum profile acoustic diagram shows uniform black strips, and sometimes two or more layers of reflection phase in-phase axes appear;
for the silt falling area with deposited soil on the riprap, the upper layer of the stratum profile acoustic diagram is a river bottom soil layer characteristic and is a dark black strip, and the lower layer is a riprap characteristic and is a granular strip.
2. The method for detecting riprap of a river levee according to claim 1, which is characterized by additionally comprising the following steps:
and comparing the stratum profile acoustic image read out by solution with a design drawing, and detecting the standard reaching degree of the underwater riprap range.
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| CNB2006100861631A CN100519946C (en) | 2006-09-06 | 2006-09-06 | River dike underwater riprap detecting method |
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| CNB2006100861631A CN100519946C (en) | 2006-09-06 | 2006-09-06 | River dike underwater riprap detecting method |
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| CN100519946C true CN100519946C (en) | 2009-07-29 |
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| CN102852148A (en) * | 2012-06-29 | 2013-01-02 | 浙江工业大学 | Shallow sea region land and sea mixed rock riprap method for dynamic planning |
| CN103105158B (en) * | 2013-01-22 | 2015-04-15 | 中交天津港湾工程研究院有限公司 | Marine riprapping, flatness-tamping and positioning system |
| CN103744117B (en) * | 2014-02-14 | 2016-03-30 | 黄河勘测规划设计有限公司 | Non-contact underwater detection method of river channel underwater foundation stone |
| CN104164893A (en) * | 2014-07-29 | 2014-11-26 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Slinging method |
| CN108589643A (en) * | 2018-04-23 | 2018-09-28 | 苏州千层茧农业科技有限公司 | A kind of electromagnetic type sand hill transmitter |
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