CN100516384C - Underwater vacuum prepressing reinforcement soft base technique method - Google Patents
Underwater vacuum prepressing reinforcement soft base technique method Download PDFInfo
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- CN100516384C CN100516384C CNB2006100132646A CN200610013264A CN100516384C CN 100516384 C CN100516384 C CN 100516384C CN B2006100132646 A CNB2006100132646 A CN B2006100132646A CN 200610013264 A CN200610013264 A CN 200610013264A CN 100516384 C CN100516384 C CN 100516384C
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Abstract
A technical method to reinforce soft base by vacuum precompression underwater is completed by the following steps: pave sand underwater for the first time, set up plastic discharge board on water and pave filter tube. Pave sand underwater for the second time, spread diaphragm seal and connect vacuum extractor to extract. It can be used in underwater excavation works, bank processing works of high pile dock and fields of breakwater engineering etc., which has an extensive application. The foundation will not appear unstable damage for quick pressing of precompression load. It reinforces the soft base on the spot without clearing and can protect the environment for not using chemical substances such as solidified agent etc. It avoids severe influence on sea fish breeding caused by traditional alternate filling method and excavation and filling quantity of sludge can be reduced by using this method. The working cycle will be shortened for quick pressing of precompression load.
Description
Technical field
Present technique belongs to civil engineering groundwork and basic soft foundation processing technology under water, particularly a kind of underwater vacuum prepressing reinforcement soft base technique method.
Background technology
Soft foundation all has distribution in European and American countries, Japan, Southeast Asia and China, is characterized in the water content height, void ratio is big, intensity is low, compressibilty is high, permeability is little.Along with development and national economy, a lot of engineerings have to be built on the soft foundation, are safety and normal use that guarantees building, unless adopt deep foundation, otherwise must carry out consolidation process to natural ground.
The method of reinforcing soft ground is a lot, but every kind of method all has certain scope of application, must select according to geological condition, execution conditions, area feature and instructions for use, simultaneously, should observe the principle of gathering materials on the spot, suit measures to local conditions, saving three materials, in the hope of obtaining maximum economic benefits.Vacuum method puts forward on this basis.According to the arrangement of Ministry of Communications, under the support energetically of Tainjin Burea of harbour Affairs, the on-the-spot exploratory experiment of 11m * 24m has been carried out in the research that Tianjin harbor Engineering Insitute began vacuum preloading in 1980, has carried out 550m
2With 1250m
2Intermediate experiment, worked out suitable vaccum-pumping equipment and the shop membrane process, vacuum preloading construction has obtained success.The University Of Tianjin of associating has simultaneously carried out the research of vacuum preloading mechanism on the basis of analyzing studying data at home and abroad, proposed consolidation model and the solution approach under the condition of negative pressure.1883, vacuum method reinforcing soft ground technology is formally listed country's " six or five " key scientific and technological projects in and has been passed through national evaluation in 1985, be widely used in fields such as harbour, highway, hydraulic engineering subsequently, reinforce area and surpass 4,500,000 square metres, obtained huge economic benefit and social benefit.
At present, aspect the theory and practical application of vacuum method reinforcing soft ground technology, China maintains the leading position in the world, and is also relatively more thorough to the research of vacuum method reinforcement mechanism.But this technique extension is failed always to realize that in the technical research and the application of soft base under water its main cause is that underwater vacuum prepressing reinforcement mechanism is not still very known and there are many difficult problems in subaqueous construction technology.Up to the present, the degree of depth to the underwater vacuum precompression technical research is more shallow, a few countries such as Japan, Britain, the U.S. have some tests or conception, for example Japan carried out the underwater vacuum precompression test of rigid film at big HANNAN port, carried out the underwater vacuum precompression test of single hole rigid seal cap in bay, the Northwest, test that not only area is little for these two, and, fail to reach satisfied effect all because of technology and vaccum-pumping equipment problem.1985-1986 Tianjin harbor Engineering Insitute once carried out the vacuum preloading test, test area 30 * 20m in conjunction with Tianjinxingang East Turkistan dike harbour bank stability in the intertidal zone
2, the film headwater depth changes between 0-6m, and vacuum pressure reaches 550mmHg, vacuum preloading 64 days, central point sedimentation 79.5cm, gain in strength reaches 67～171% in the degree of depth 8m scope, has obtained consolidation effect preferably.This test has 2 improvement at land vacuum preloading: at first, what diaphragm seal was selected for use is the thick air duct leather of 0.2～0.4mm, the shop membrane process is the package laying process, but the shop film carries out after the trial zone surfaces when ebb tide, is not the film of shop under water truly.Secondly, in order to overcome the influence of rising tide to vaccum-pumping equipment, centrifugal pump is separated with jet pump, jet pump remains under water, and centrifugal pump is placed on the canoe (side is refuted), and centrifugal pump is connected with feed pipe with jet pump.Although its shop membrane process and vaccum-pumping equipment improve to some extent, inreal solution underwater vacuum precompression technology is applied to the construction technology difficult problem in the deep water (as depth of water 10m).In the more than ten years after this, owing to do not have suitable support engineering and reasearch funds, the Application and Development of this technology just is in the state of shelving always.
Along with the exploitation of coastal beach and port construction to deep-water developments, the underwater vacuum precompression technology has wide application prospect and applicability, in case successful implementation can be applied in following engineering at least:
(1) underwater excavation engineering
Because port construction is subjected to the restriction of duration, construction plant, underwater sludge excavates under the situation that side slope is not reinforced again suddenly, is easy to cause the landslide, such as dredge landslide in the process, harbor district coke berth, South Sinkiang, PORT OF TIANJIN.For avoiding occurring the bank slope destabilization problems, in the construction of basin container terminal, north, PORT OF TIANJIN engineering, the processing method that adopts is that first backfill forms land-based area, adopt combined vacuum and surcharge preloading to reinforce then, excavate bank slope at last again, though guaranteed the stability in the bank slope digging process like this, prolonged the duration, increased construction costs.If adopt the underwater vacuum precompression technology to reinforce in advance to putting place, slope underwater sludge, its intensity is improved, can guarantee the stability of bank slope equally, but the duration shortens the cost reduction.
(2) the bank processing engineering of long piled wharf
It is the common problem in the long piled wharf work progress that the displacement that bank slope produced when a, long piled wharf connect the backfill of bank structure construction causes several campsheds behind the harbour, beam, plate distortion, problems of crack, What is more, the displacement meeting that bank slope produces squeezes off stake, dock structure is damaged, cause tremendous loss for owner unit, for example the bank slope displacement in ore terminal, South Sinkiang, PORT OF TIANJIN causes pile more than 30 to produce bigger displacement or fractures.If piling more just can be avoided the generation of the problems referred to above after adopting the underwater vacuum precompression technology that bank slope place underwater sludge is reinforced in advance, improve the service life of harbour.
B, employing underwater vacuum precompression technology can also reduce the cushion cap width of long piled wharf, increase the usable floor area in land-based area stockyard, rear, improve the service efficiency in stockyard.Owing to be subjected to the restriction of harbour construction plant, want to reduce the cushion cap width of harbour, can only take following method at present: carry out backfill earlier and form land-based area, adopt land foundation treatment technology that ground is reinforced again, the last absolute altitude that is excavated to designing requirement again, adopt this method construction and excavation backfilling working amount very big, construction period is very long, and easily extra large side is squeezed to become silted up during backfill and cause environment pollution, adopt this method to handle such as basin container terminal, north, PORT OF TIANJIN engineering, make the cushion cap width reduce to 70m by 90m.If excavation again after adopting the underwater vacuum precompression technology that long piled wharf bank slope place underwater sludge is reinforced can reduce a large amount of excavation workloads reaching, and not have the backfilling working amount under the situation of same purpose, the construction period can be shortened again.
The form of structure of C, change harbour
Adopt the underwater vacuum precompression technology to change the design of part high pile pier structure into Gravity harf structure, save cost.After the harbour bank slope excavated projected depth, adopt the underwater vacuum precompression technology that the weak soil at bank slope place is reinforced, treat that foundation soil reaches the construction of beginning gravity type quay after certain intensity, construction stops underwater vacuum precompression after finishing again.
(3) levee construction
Adopt the underwater vacuum precompression technology to after soft foundation is reinforced under water, the intensity of foundation soil obtains bigger raising, can dwindle the mole cross dimensions on the basis that guarantees the mole base stabilization, can shorten the construction period when saving lot of materials.Simultaneously, the main settling amount of foundation soil takes place in the vacuum preloading process under water, can control mole levee crown absolute altitude effectively.
In levee construction, also can consider to carry out levee construction while vacuumizing.
(4) replace traditional cushion construction works
Country polluted control strictness gradually to maritime environment in recent years, adopted traditional cushion construction operation already bring for mariculture and had a strong impact on, and adopted the underwater vacuum precompression construction technology can reduce the excavation and filling amount of mud, reduced environment pollution.
Therefore, Tianjin harbor Engineering Insitute is devoted to the underwater vacuum precompression Study on Technology always, has understood fully the reinforcement mechanism of underwater vacuum precompression by indoor model test, has proposed the reinforcing technique of a cover underwater vacuum precompression construction.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of underwater vacuum prepressing reinforcement soft base technique method, for the consolidation process of soft foundation under water provides a kind of new technology of novel environment friendly.
Technology contents of the present invention:
1, a kind of underwater vacuum prepressing reinforcement soft base technique method is characterized in that, carries out according to the following steps:
1). the first time is sanding under water
The user refutes, and excavator fits into luggage ship and ramming; After a cellar area ramming was intact, ramming personnel water stone roller was checked this section, for the place of ramming deficiency, mend throwing, qualified after, carry out the ramming of next cellar area, last diver wipes the sand cushion surface off with scraper plate, and sand cushion thickness is greater than 500mm;
2). the plastic draining board that sets waterborne
Adopt the plate ship to construct, plate ship waterborne is just to refute 2 gantry type board-plugging devices of the parallel side by side installation of the upper edge every side of captain's direction voluntarily at a 400t, and totally 4 assemble; Every board-plugging device independent operation uses, and the plastic draining board that sets waterborne adopts the method for drawing lining rope to combine on location mark and the ship, and two of location marks are one group, and distance is by the construction accommodation of delimitation and decide between the mark before and after dividing, every group of mark; By adjusting the accommodation, observe front and back mark alignment in a certain position, determine that boats and ships are in this cross section place; Distance before drawing lining rope to measure then between mark and the boats and ships is adjusted the accommodation, makes boats and ships alignment construction axis, through 1-2 adjustment, makes ship's fix in predetermined construction location; Corresponding relation according to the re-pack end absolute altitude and the depth of water is portrayed the visible marking in intubate and stand, guarantee that plastic draining board beats to designing end absolute altitude;
3). lay chimney filter
(1) chimney filter material
Chimney filter should adopt the plastic pipe that meets the design or the interior folder galvanized wire of code requirement, after the perforating processing, wraps geotextile drainage layer, ties up solidly, and makes the only permeable saturating sand of drainage layer;
(2) work progress
1. chimney filter connects the employing sebific duct, and sebific duct is inserted in the about 10cm of chimney filter, uses the galvanized wire tighten, and the galvanized wire joint is forbidden up, in order to avoid puncture filter membrane; That the chimney filter place of intersecting adopts is two logical, threeway or four-way connect;
2. a chimney filter colligation moulding by land, and connect out the film lower part of film device, the height of membrane device flange should exceed chimney filter plane 0.5m, the aperture that goes out film device is good with long stopper plug, sand grains entered out in the film device when both having prevented the secondary ramming, was convenient to seek out behind the ramming position of film device again;
3. colligation is good chimney filter is placed on the sand cushion surface according to the position integral body of designing requirement, if chimney filter buoyancy is too big, weighs down some pouring weights and fixes;
(3) technical characterictic
1. the chimney filter laying technology is with chimney filter colligation shaping by land under water, and is in place by the position integral body of designing requirement then, too big as chimney filter buoyancy, weighs down some pouring weights and fixes;
2. the height of membrane device flange should exceed chimney filter plane 0.5m, with the consistency of thickness of the sanding second time, so that the absolute altitude of membrane device flange is high consistent with the sand cushion top mark behind the secondary sanding; The aperture that goes out film device is good with long stopper plug, and sand grains entered out in the film device when both having prevented the secondary sanding, is convenient to seek out behind the sanding position of film device again;
4). the second time is sanding under water
Construction technology is with 1), sand cushion thickness is greater than 500mm;
5). the shop diaphragm seal
(1) diaphragm seal material
Adopt thick bonding the forming of polyvinyl chloride film of 0.3mm;
(2) work progress
The shop film adopts the tiling membrane process, need not excavate the press mold ditch; The laying scope of plastic foil exceeds the stabilization zone border and is no less than 5m, and whole stabilization zone is laid the two layers of plastic film; Concrete steps are as follows:
1. adopt and spread the film car under water;
2. bonding plastic film roll is spread under water on the horizontal rolling rod of film car and tied up;
3. hang and to spread the original position that the film car is placed in needs the shop film under water with ship;
4. under water the bundle of plastic foil is removed, held the edge of plastic foil and be attached on the ground, spread the film car under water slowly forward, plastic foil is close on the ground, finish until this wide plastic foil laying by scroll wheel with the ship pulling with three or four divers; Simultaneously the plastic foil outside the stabilization zone edge is pushed down with sand pocket, rolled by wave to prevent plastic foil;
5. the width of at every turn spreading film is 30m, and its length is decided according to designing requirement, as the wider width of stabilization zone, adopts the district fully, method shop repeatedly spread film, and the lap width between two films must not be less than 5m;
6. after spreading film and finishing, plastic foil lap-joint also will push down with sand pocket, prevents that wave from starting;
When 7. spreading film under water,, take following measure: on rolling rod sidelong, during the volume diaphragm seal, on film, add a geotextiles, geotextiles is twisted on the horizontal rolling rod in the lump if diaphragm seal is torn because of strength deficiency produces; When spreading film under water, hold diaphragm seal and geotextiles simultaneously, after a diaphragm seal has been spread, geotextiles is packed up, continue when spreading next bar diaphragm seal to use;
(3) technical characterictic
1. spread film under water and adopt the tiling membrane process, need not excavation sealing ditch, the laying scope of plastic foil exceeds the stabilization zone border and is no less than 5m, and the plastic foil outside the edge is pushed down with sand pocket, is rolled by wave to prevent plastic foil;
2. every layer of diaphragm seal divides several times and lays under water, and the lap width between two films must not be less than 5m, and lap-joint will push down with sand pocket;
6) connect vaccum-pumping equipment
(1) equipment
Jet pump adopts vertical vaccum-pumping equipment, and the power of submersible pump is not less than 7.5kW, and the jet case only plays the fixedly effect of jet pump and ejector, wants perforate in jet case bottom and side, is convenient to submerged;
(2) work progress
Submersible pump in the vaccum-pumping equipment, ejector, jet case, cable with go out the sebific duct that film device is connected and connect earlier by land, hang assigned address with ship then, sink under the water, the film device that goes out that will connect under water under sebific duct and the film connects, after jet pump connected, turn on pump was bled;
(3) technical characterictic
1. perforate is wanted in the jet case of vaccum-pumping equipment bottom and side under water, is convenient to submerged;
2. the submersible pump in the vaccum-pumping equipment, ejector, jet case, cable with connect earlier by land with going out the sebific duct that film device is connected, the film device that goes out that will connect under water under sebific duct and the film connects then;
7) vacuumize
The turn on pump examination is bled, and formally begins behind the vacustat under the film to bleed;
Described underwater vacuum prepressing reinforcement soft base technique method wherein is with the sanding bed course, lays chimney filter and spread the job practices that film combines.
2, underwater vacuum prepressing reinforcement soft base technique method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: adopt and to fill sand by in the method replacement method 3). lay chimney filter, 4). sanding, 5 under water for the second time). the method for shop diaphragm seal step,
Filling sand by method is:
(1) method explanation
This method is with the sanding bed course, lays chimney filter and spread the job practices that film combines, and its work progress is as follows:
The film lower part of chimney filter and vacuum extractor is fixed, be placed in the sand quilt, simultaneously diaphragm seal is wrapped in sand by upper surface; After having set plastic draining board, sand pocket is sunk to assigned address, in sand pocket, fill sand from filling the sand mouth; Sand layer thickness reach after the designing requirement with diaphragm seal unnecessary around the sand pocket to around launch, push down with sand pocket; Then with the submersible pump in the jet pump, ejector, jet case, with go out film device be connected sebific duct, cable connects by land, hang assigned address with ship, sink under the water, the film device that goes out that will connect under water under sebific duct and the film connects, and begins to vacuumize construction; This method is applicable to the underwater vacuum precompression engineering of small size;
(2) technical characterictic
This method is that sanding bed course, laying chimney filter and shop film are combined, and laying of the membrane quality is guaranteed, is applicable to the underwater vacuum precompression engineering of small size.
3. underwater vacuum prepressing reinforcement soft base technique method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: adopt in the permeable plastic plate method replacement method 3). lay chimney filter, 4). the method for sanding, step under water for the second time,
Permeable plastic plate method:
(1) method explanation
This method is the mutation of laying the chimney filter method, directly lays on sand cushion, does not need the secondary sanding on it, and work progress is as follows:
The permeable plastic plate of precast hollow splices between piece and the piece, and just makes the ventilating water pipe in the plate be stitched together after the splicing well; Embed out film device in the permeable plastic plate that has, and use film device and link to each other with pipeline, the surface that goes out the flange of film device and permeable plastic plate at grade; Shop chimney filter work promptly came to an end after permeable plastic plate splicing was finished, and laid diaphragm seal then thereon;
(2) technical characterictic
This method plastics porous disc is prefabricated in the factory, and the splicing rear surface is more smooth, is convenient to spread the film construction.
Superiority of the present invention and technique effect
Superiority:
1. utilize underwater vacuum precompression technology reinforcing soft ground, prefabricating load equals pore water pressure poor of (fixed fully) after pore water pressure before the precompressed and the precompressed, when the pore water pressure in the sand cushion under the film less than 0 the time, water can all work as prefabricating load on the film, needn't use solid preloading material.
2. underwater vacuum prepressing reinforcement soft base technique can be applied to the field such as bank processing engineering, levee construction of underwater excavation engineering, long piled wharf, has a extensive future.
3. when utilizing underwater vacuum precompression technology reinforcing soft ground, prefabricating load applies fast, and ground unstable failure can not occur.
4. underwater vacuum prepressing reinforcement soft base technique is that weak soil is reinforced on the spot, need not to remove, also do not adopt chemical substances such as curing compound, compliance with environmental protection requirements, avoided traditional cushion construction operation already to bring and had a strong impact on, adopted this technology can reduce the excavation and filling amount of mud to mariculture.
Technique effect:
1. utilize the prefabricating load of underwater vacuum precompression technology reinforcing soft ground to be vacuum under hydraulic pressure on the film and the film (generally being equivalent to 80Kpa at least) sum, so prefabricating load is much larger than 80kPa, so consolidation effect is good, and the underwater that can satisfy under the big load is reinforced requirement.
Since during big load underwater vacuum precompression do not need vacuum combined stack-load, so can save a large amount of preloading materials and shorten the construction period.In addition the vacuum preloading construction period itself shorter, thereby accelerating construction progress greatly.
Description of drawings
Before the reinforcement mechanism of Fig. 1 underwater vacuum precompression technology is reinforced
After the reinforcement mechanism of Fig. 2 underwater vacuum precompression technology is reinforced
Fig. 3 spreads film car schematic diagram 1 brandreth, 2 wheels, 3 fixing horizontal strokes, 4 horizontal rolling rods, 5 scroll wheels
Fig. 4 spreads film car user mode schematic diagram
The prefabricated permeable plastic plate vertical view 6 permeable plastic plates of Fig. 5
The prefabricated permeable plastic plate lateral view of Fig. 6
The permeable plastics precast plate vertical view 7 that Fig. 7 takes film device out of goes out fenestra
Fig. 8 takes the permeable plastics precast plate lateral view of film device out of
Fig. 9 band film fills sand pocket method schematic diagram 8 chimney filters 9 and fills sand mouth 10 steam vents 11 sealing retes 12 band films and fill sand by 13 sand, 14 plastic draining boards
The specific embodiment
(1) innovative point of underwater vacuum precompression technology after repetition test and further investigation
1. the reinforcement mechanism of underwater vacuum precompression technology
Underwater vacuum precompression in fact still belongs to consolidation.The mechanism of consolidation is that drainage system is set, improve the draining fringe conditions, shorten drainage path, quicken draining, under the compression system effect, pore water is discharged, pore water pressure reduces and is converted into the increase of effective stress, soil solidifying is eliminated most of sedimentation and is improved compactness and intensity, and behind the removal load, though can produce micro-resilience, but most of compressive strain is irreversible plastic strain, and the soil body is in the over consolidation state before reinforcing, thereby can improve bearing capacity of foundation soil effectively and reduce settling amount.Under water in the vacuum preloading process, there is pressure differential in pore water pressure in pore water pressure in the soil body and the drainage channel (comprising sand cushion and plastic draining board), just under this action of pressure, water in the soil body is discharged, pore water pressure reduces and is converted into the increase of effective stress, thereby it is fixed to make that the soil body is able to, and sees figure-1,2.
The characteristics of underwater vacuum precompression are that prefabricating load equals pore water pressure and precompressed before the precompressed and finishes preceding pore water pressure and reduce to the poor of pore water pressure when minimum, when the pore water pressure in the sand cushion under the film less than 0 the time, water can all work as prefabricating load on the film, and at this moment the prefabricating load of underwater vacuum precompression equals on the film vacuum sum under the hydraulic pressure and film.
2, replace the secondary sanding with permeable plastic plate and bury method--the permeable plastic plate method of chimney filter underground
(1) method explanation
Work progress is as follows:
The permeable plastic plate of precast hollow splices between piece and the piece, and just makes the ventilating water pipe in the plate be stitched together after the splicing well, sees Fig. 5,6; Embed out film device in the permeable plastic plate that has, see Fig. 7,8, and use film device and link to each other with pipeline, the surface that goes out the flange of film device and permeable plastic plate at grade; Shop chimney filter work promptly came to an end after permeable plastic plate splicing was finished, and laid diaphragm seal then thereon;
(2) technical characterictic
This method replaces sand cushion and chimney filter with the plastics porous disc, and because of the plastics porous disc is prefabricated in the factory, land splicing can significantly reduce the over-water construction workload.It is more smooth to splice the rear surface in addition, is convenient to spread the film construction, has avoided the loss amount of sand cushion under water.
3. fill the method that sand is replaced the secondary sanding, buries chimney filter and shop film underground--fill sand by method
(1) method explanation
This method is with the sanding bed course, lays chimney filter and spread the job practices that film combines, and its work progress is as follows:
The film lower part of chimney filter and vacuum extractor is fixed, be placed in the sand quilt, simultaneously diaphragm seal is wrapped in sand by upper surface, see Fig. 9; After having set plastic draining board, sand pocket is sunk to assigned address, in sand pocket, fill sand from filling the sand mouth; Sand layer thickness reach after the designing requirement with diaphragm seal unnecessary around the sand pocket to around launch, push down with sand pocket; Then with the submersible pump in the jet pump, ejector, jet case, with go out film device be connected sebific duct, cable connects by land, hang assigned address with ship, sink under the water, the film device that goes out that will connect under water under sebific duct and the film connects, and begins to vacuumize construction; This method is applicable to the underwater vacuum precompression engineering of small size.
(2) technical characterictic
This method is that sanding bed course, laying chimney filter and shop film are combined, and significantly reduces the over-water construction workload, and is guaranteed to laying of the membrane quality, also avoided the loss amount of sand cushion under water; But it is only applicable to the underwater vacuum precompression engineering of small size.
(2) work progress of underwater vacuum precompression technology
1. sanding under water for the first time
The construction technology comparative maturity of this operation is built sand pocket on the stabilization zone border and is enclosed low bank between fields, and ramming can use 600t side to refute, and excavator fits into luggage ship and ramming.To consider the influence of tidewater during ramming to sand, control knockout point, excavator moves forward and backward and carries out the site-directed quantitative ramming, after a cellar area ramming was intact, ramming personnel water stone roller was checked this section, for the place of ramming deficiency, mend throwing, after qualified, carry out the ramming of next cellar area, last diver wipes the sand cushion surface off with scraper plate.Sand cushion thickness 500mm.
2. the plastic draining board that sets waterborne
The construction technology comparative maturity of this operation adopts the plate ship to construct, and plate ship waterborne is just to refute 2 gantry type board-plugging devices of the parallel side by side installation of the upper edge every side of captain's direction (totally 4) voluntarily at a 400t to assemble; Every board-plugging device independent operation uses, and the plastic draining board that sets waterborne adopts the method for drawing lining rope to combine on location mark and the ship, this method satisfies drainage plate striking plane control quality requirement standard, two of location marks are one group, mark before and after dividing, and distance is decided by the construction accommodation of delimiting between every group of mark; By adjusting the accommodation, observe front and back mark alignment in a certain position, determine that boats and ships are in this cross section place; Distance before drawing lining rope to measure then between mark and the boats and ships is adjusted the accommodation, makes boats and ships alignment construction axis, through 1-2 adjustment, can make ship's fix in predetermined construction location; Corresponding relation according to the re-pack end absolute altitude and the depth of water is portrayed the visible marking in intubate and stand, guarantee that plastic draining board beats to designing end absolute altitude; For deepwater work,, also can consider the job practices of fixed length band drain because it is very inconvenient to cut off band drain under water.
3. laying chimney filter
See top explanation.
4. sanding under water for the second time
See top explanation.
5. shop diaphragm seal
See top explanation.
6 connect vaccum-pumping equipment
See top explanation.
7 vacuumize
The turn on pump examination is bled, and formally begins behind the vacustat under the film to bleed.
Claims (3)
1, a kind of underwater vacuum prepressing reinforcement soft base technique method is characterized in that, carries out according to the following steps:
1). the first time is sanding under water
The user refutes, and excavator fits into luggage ship and ramming; After a cellar area ramming was intact, ramming personnel water stone roller was checked this section, for the place of ramming deficiency, mend throwing, qualified after, carry out the ramming of next cellar area, last diver wipes the sand cushion surface off with scraper plate, and sand cushion thickness is greater than 500mm;
2). the plastic draining board that sets waterborne
Adopt the plate ship to construct, plate ship waterborne is just to refute 2 gantry type board-plugging devices of the parallel side by side installation of the upper edge every side of captain's direction voluntarily at a 400t, and totally 4 assemble; Every board-plugging device independent operation uses, and the plastic draining board that sets waterborne adopts the method for drawing lining rope to combine on location mark and the ship, and two of location marks are one group, and distance is by the construction accommodation of delimitation and decide between the mark before and after dividing, every group of mark; By adjusting the accommodation, observe front and back mark alignment in a certain position, determine that boats and ships are in this cross section place; Distance before drawing lining rope to measure then between mark and the boats and ships is adjusted the accommodation, makes boats and ships alignment construction axis, through 1-2 adjustment, makes ship's fix in predetermined construction location; Corresponding relation according to the re-pack end absolute altitude and the depth of water is portrayed the visible marking in intubate and stand, guarantee that plastic draining board beats to designing end absolute altitude;
3). lay chimney filter
(1) chimney filter material
Chimney filter should adopt the plastic pipe that meets the design or the interior folder galvanized wire of code requirement, after the perforating processing, wraps geotextile drainage layer, ties up solidly, and makes the only permeable saturating sand of drainage layer;
(2) work progress
1. chimney filter connects the employing sebific duct, and sebific duct is inserted in the about 10cm of chimney filter, uses the galvanized wire tighten, and the galvanized wire joint is forbidden up, in order to avoid puncture filter membrane; That the chimney filter place of intersecting adopts is two logical, threeway or four-way connect;
2. a chimney filter colligation moulding by land, and connect out the film lower part of film device, the height of membrane device flange should exceed chimney filter plane 0.5m, the aperture that goes out film device is good with long stopper plug, sand grains entered out in the film device when both having prevented the secondary ramming, was convenient to seek out behind the ramming position of film device again;
3. colligation is good chimney filter is placed on the sand cushion surface according to the position integral body of designing requirement, if chimney filter buoyancy is too big, weighs down some pouring weights and fixes;
(3) technical characterictic
1. the chimney filter laying technology is with chimney filter colligation shaping by land under water, and is in place by the position integral body of designing requirement then, too big as chimney filter buoyancy, weighs down some pouring weights and fixes;
2. the height of membrane device flange should exceed chimney filter plane 0.5m, with the consistency of thickness of the sanding second time, so that the absolute altitude of membrane device flange is high consistent with the sand cushion top mark behind the secondary sanding; The aperture that goes out film device is good with long stopper plug, and sand grains entered out in the film device when both having prevented the secondary sanding, is convenient to seek out behind the sanding position of film device again;
4). the second time is sanding under water
Construction technology is with 1), sand cushion thickness is greater than 500mm;
5). the shop diaphragm seal
(1) diaphragm seal material
Adopt thick bonding the forming of polyvinyl chloride film of 0.3mm;
(2) work progress
The shop film adopts the tiling membrane process, need not excavate the press mold ditch; The laying scope of plastic foil exceeds the stabilization zone border and is no less than 5m, and whole stabilization zone is laid the two layers of plastic film; Concrete steps are as follows:
1. adopt and spread the film car under water;
2. bonding plastic film roll is spread under water on the horizontal rolling rod of film car and tied up;
3. hang and to spread the original position that the film car is placed in needs the shop film under water with ship;
4. under water the bundle of plastic foil is removed, held the edge of plastic foil and be attached on the ground, spread the film car under water slowly forward, plastic foil is close on the ground, finish until this wide plastic foil laying by scroll wheel with the ship pulling with three or four divers; Simultaneously the plastic foil outside the stabilization zone edge is pushed down with sand pocket, rolled by wave to prevent plastic foil;
5. the width of at every turn spreading film is 30m, and its length is decided according to designing requirement, as the wider width of stabilization zone, adopts the district fully, method shop repeatedly spread film, and the lap width between two films must not be less than 5m;
6. after spreading film and finishing, plastic foil lap-joint also will push down with sand pocket, prevents that wave from starting;
When 7. spreading film under water,, take following measure: on rolling rod sidelong, during the volume diaphragm seal, on film, add a geotextiles, geotextiles is twisted on the horizontal rolling rod in the lump if diaphragm seal is torn because of strength deficiency produces; When spreading film under water, hold diaphragm seal and geotextiles simultaneously, after a diaphragm seal has been spread, geotextiles is packed up, continue when spreading next bar diaphragm seal to use;
(3) technical characterictic
1. spread film under water and adopt the tiling membrane process, need not excavation sealing ditch, the laying scope of plastic foil exceeds the stabilization zone border and is no less than 5m, and the plastic foil outside the edge is pushed down with sand pocket, is rolled by wave to prevent plastic foil;
2. every layer of diaphragm seal divides several times and lays under water, and the lap width between two films must not be less than 5m, and lap-joint will push down with sand pocket;
6) connect vaccum-pumping equipment
(1) equipment
Jet pump adopts vertical vaccum-pumping equipment, and the power of submersible pump is not less than 7.5kW, and the jet case only plays the fixedly effect of jet pump and ejector, wants perforate in jet case bottom and side, is convenient to submerged;
(2) work progress
Submersible pump in the vaccum-pumping equipment, ejector, jet case, cable with go out the sebific duct that film device is connected and connect earlier by land, hang assigned address with ship then, sink under the water, the film device that goes out that will connect under water under sebific duct and the film connects, after jet pump connected, turn on pump was bled;
(3) technical characterictic
1. perforate is wanted in the jet case of vaccum-pumping equipment bottom and side under water, is convenient to submerged;
2. the submersible pump in the vaccum-pumping equipment, ejector, jet case, cable with connect earlier by land with going out the sebific duct that film device is connected, the film device that goes out that will connect under water under sebific duct and the film connects then;
7) vacuumize
The turn on pump examination is bled, and formally begins behind the vacustat under the film to bleed;
Described underwater vacuum prepressing reinforcement soft base technique method wherein is with the sanding bed course, lays chimney filter and spread the job practices that film combines.
2, underwater vacuum prepressing reinforcement soft base technique method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: adopt and to fill sand by in the method replacement method 3). lay chimney filter, 4). sanding, 5 under water for the second time). the method for shop diaphragm seal step,
Filling sand by method is:
(1) method explanation
This method is with the sanding bed course, lays chimney filter and spread the job practices that film combines, and its work progress is as follows:
The film lower part of chimney filter and vacuum extractor is fixed, be placed in the sand quilt, simultaneously diaphragm seal is wrapped in sand by upper surface; After having set plastic draining board, sand pocket is sunk to assigned address, in sand pocket, fill sand from filling the sand mouth; Sand layer thickness reach after the designing requirement with diaphragm seal unnecessary around the sand pocket to around launch, push down with sand pocket; Then with the submersible pump in the jet pump, ejector, jet case, with go out film device be connected sebific duct, cable connects by land, hang assigned address with ship, sink under the water, the film device that goes out that will connect under water under sebific duct and the film connects, and begins to vacuumize construction; This method is applicable to the underwater vacuum precompression engineering of small size;
(2) technical characterictic
This method is that sanding bed course, laying chimney filter and shop film are combined, and laying of the membrane quality is guaranteed, is applicable to the underwater vacuum precompression engineering of small size.
3. underwater vacuum prepressing reinforcement soft base technique method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: adopt in the permeable plastic plate method replacement method 3). lay chimney filter, 4). the method for sanding step under water for the second time,
Permeable plastic plate method:
(1) method explanation
This method is the mutation of laying the chimney filter method, directly lays on sand cushion, does not need the secondary sanding on it, and work progress is as follows:
The permeable plastic plate of precast hollow splices between piece and the piece, and just makes the ventilating water pipe in the plate be stitched together after the splicing well; Embed out film device in the permeable plastic plate that has, and use film device and link to each other with pipeline, the surface that goes out the flange of film device and permeable plastic plate at grade; Shop chimney filter work promptly came to an end after permeable plastic plate splicing was finished, and laid diaphragm seal then thereon;
(2) technical characterictic
This method plastics porous disc is prefabricated in the factory, and the splicing rear surface is more smooth, is convenient to spread the film construction.
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| CN102733349B (en) * | 2011-04-15 | 2014-10-15 | 浙江科技学院 | Method for de-silting lake and constructing lake center island |
| CN103205952A (en) * | 2012-01-12 | 2013-07-17 | 中交上海航道勘察设计研究院有限公司 | Method for filling dam by combining sludge-filled bags and vacuum preloading |
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Cited By (2)
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| CN101831898A (en) * | 2010-04-19 | 2010-09-15 | 中交天津港湾工程研究院有限公司 | Horizontal shallow layer negative-pressure consolidation working cushion layer technique |
| CN101831898B (en) * | 2010-04-19 | 2012-02-22 | 中交天津港湾工程研究院有限公司 | Horizontal shallow layer negative-pressure consolidation working cushion layer technique |
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