CN100516314C - Remaining heat recovery system and device for aluminum electrolysis bath - Google Patents

Remaining heat recovery system and device for aluminum electrolysis bath Download PDF

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Publication number
CN100516314C
CN100516314C CNB2007100113781A CN200710011378A CN100516314C CN 100516314 C CN100516314 C CN 100516314C CN B2007100113781 A CNB2007100113781 A CN B2007100113781A CN 200710011378 A CN200710011378 A CN 200710011378A CN 100516314 C CN100516314 C CN 100516314C
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China
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heat
heat exchanger
transfer medium
piping system
low temperature
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Expired - Fee Related
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CNB2007100113781A
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CN101054688A (en
Inventor
王兆文
马成贵
戚喜全
王德全
高炳亮
高学全
杨青辰
毛继红
石忠宁
刘敬雄
胡宪伟
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Northeast University Design and Research Institute Co Ltd
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Northeast University Design and Research Institute Co Ltd
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Abstract

An aluminum cell heat-recovering system comprises a heat-exchanger, a heat transfer medium, a delivery pump and a pipe system. Said system is characterized in that the heat energy dissipated by the aluminum cell housing is absorbed and conveyed through the heat-exchanger and the heat transfer medium, wherein (1) the heat-exchanger is divided to two sets (high and low temperatures), in which the high temperature heat-exchanger is connected with the aluminum cell housing and the low temperature heat-exchanger is connected with the heat engine; (2) the heat transfer medium is driven by the delivery pump to form a closed cycle between the two sets (high and low temperatures) of heat-exchangers through the pipe system; (3) the pipe system is connected with the high temperature heat-exchanger by adopting flange connection therein. The present invention also puts forward a corresponding heat recovery device. Said device is capable of not only cooling the housing excellently, but also taking full advantage of the energy emitted by the housing, exhibiting maximum economic values.

Description

A kind of residual heat of aluminum reduction cell recovery system and device
Technical field
The invention belongs to aluminum cell structure, particularly the technical field of outside aluminum cell support and structure is specifically related to a kind of residual neat recovering system and device that is attached to aluminium electrolysis cell shell wall outside.
Background technology
Metallic aluminium is produced by Hall-Ai Lu (Hall-Heroult) electrolytic process industrial, and aluminum oxide is dissolved in sodium aluminum fluoride (NaFAlF 3) carry out electrolysis in the fusion dielectric medium of main component, working temperature is about 950 ° ℃.Along with the development of Aluminum Electrolysis Production technology, the capacity of electrolyzer is increasing, and the thermal value of cell body also increases thereupon.In order to keep the thermal equilibrium of electrolyzer, will inevitably increase the thermal load of pot shell.Large-scale aluminum electrolytic cell in the modern aluminum smelting industry, its working current has reached 300~500KA, and operating voltage is 4V, and its energy consumption is huge, and the pot shell side wall temperatures is up to more than 450 ℃.During electric tank working, the molten bath is to be in thermal equilibrium state in the groove, need in cell sidewall, form a solidified dielectric medium melt domatic (being electrolyte crust), it can suppress the erosion of molten cryolitic (dielectric medium) to the cell lining refractory materials, prolongs the working life of aluminium cell.Shell temperature is too high, makes the ionogen of groove inwall be difficult for into complete crust, easily causes the breakage of cell wall liner.Simultaneously, because shell temperature is too high, intensity reduces, and under the effect of stress, gross distortion can take place pot shell, and its liner also can stressed breakage, the life-span of having reduced electrolyzer.
In order to reduce the temperature of aluminum cell casing, increase the heat-sinking capability of pot shell, Chinese patent 03111412.1 has proposed " a kind of method of strengthening large-scale aluminum electrolytic cell pot shell heat-sinking capability ", employing has been strengthened the heat-sinking capability of pot shell in the method for aluminum cell casing outside welding several cooling fins.Chinese patent 200620168327.0 has proposed a kind of " large-scale aluminum electrolytic cell forced convection refrigerating unit ", adopts high-pressure air, by blower fan and airduct pot shell is cooled off.Though aforesaid method and device can make aluminium electrolysis cell shell wall radiating condition obtain in various degree improvement, all reckon without the problem that how heat energy that aluminum cell casing distributed is effectively utilized.Analysis revealed, the heat energy that aluminum cell casing distributed accounts for 50% of electrolyzer total energy consumption, only with regard to the part more than the cell sidewall bassinet stand, below the cover plate, its hear rate just accounts for 30% of electrolyzer total energy consumption, the working temperature at this position is in 200~450 ℃ the scope usually, having higher utility value, as only being to take simple method of cooling to handle " thermal field " problem at this position, is a kind of no small waste really.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to seek a kind ofly to solve the scheme that residual heat of aluminum reduction cell reclaimed and utilized problem, and correspondingly design a cover residual heat of aluminum reduction cell recovery system and a device, with effectively with heat energy that aluminum cell casing was distributed.The heat energy utilization that the pot shell sidewall position of temperature " the highest " is distributed particularly.The present invention should guarantee that the pot shell wall is well cooled off; The heat energy that is distributed can not slatterned in vain, accomplish to kill two birds with one stone, thus the economic benefit of the electrolyzer of raising rate greatly.
Residual heat of aluminum reduction cell recovery system proposed by the invention comprises heat exchanger, heat-transfer medium, transferpump and piping system, it is characterized in that, absorbs and the conveying heat energy that aluminum cell casing dissipated by heat exchanger and heat-transfer medium, wherein
(1) heat exchanger is divided into high and low temperature two covers, and high-temperature heat exchanger fixes with the electrolyzer pot shell; Low temperature heat exchanger is connected with the working heat machine;
(2) heat-transfer medium is driven by piping system by transferpump and form closed cycle between high and low temperature two cover heat exchanger;
(3) heat-transfer medium is thermal oil or fused salt composition.
The present invention has correspondingly proposed the waste-heat recovery device of the above-mentioned residual heat of aluminum reduction cell recovery system of a cover enforcement, comprises the high and low temperature heat exchanger; Transferpump (or blower fan); Variable valve and piping system is characterized in that:
(1) high-temperature heat exchanger is fixed on the pot shell position of electrolyzer cover plate below, and low temperature heat exchanger then is fixed on the working heat machine;
(2) the high and low temperature heat exchanger constitutes a closed circuit connected system by transferpump, variable valve and piping system;
(3) heat-transfer medium of filled some amount in the piping system, the connecting portion between piping system and the high-temperature heat exchanger adopts flange arrangement;
(4) heat-transfer medium is thermal oil or fused salt composition.
High and low temperature heat exchanger in the residual heat of aluminum reduction cell retrieving arrangement of the present invention can adopt plate-fin structure or helix tube type structure.
Plate fin type heat exchanger of the present invention is made up of with the dull and stereotyped ripple fin that separates multilayer, uses the end plate sealing again, installs the import and export pipe, and inlet pipes is in the bottom, and outlet pipe is positioned at the top, and the import and export pipe is with adopting the isolation flange dish to connect between the piping system.Heat-transfer medium is entered the heat exchanger from inlet pipe by variable valve and isolated flange by transferpump, absorbing the heat energy that cell sidewall distributed rises its temperature, thermal resistance is little because the surface-area of plate fin is big, the heat transfer efficiency height, when heat-transfer medium flowed back to piping system through outlet pipe and isolated flange, temperature can be near the temperature of cell sidewall.When cell wall temperature during, can adopt thermal oil such as silicone oil to make heat-transfer medium at 200-300 ℃.The working heat machine promptly needs to receive the hot machine of the heat energy that heat-transfer medium discharges.It can be waste heat boiler, aluminum oxide high pressure stripping well heater, the mixed devices such as a pot well heater, anode preheating stand of pinching of carbon element.Low temperature heat exchanger is fixed on these devices, and when heat-transfer medium was flowed through low temperature heat exchanger by piping system, just that it is entrained heat energy discharged to the working heat machine.Low temperature heat exchanger also can adopt plate-fin structure, but inlet pipe should be on top, and outlet pipe then should be positioned at the bottom, makes heat exchange effect more better.
Spiral-tube heat exchange of the present invention is made up of threaded pipe, shuts out spiral groove at the outside surface of pipe, and pipe is inboard to form spiral projection, and closed at both ends is equipped with respectively into and out of pipe, is connected with piping system by isolation flange.When the heat-transfer medium fluid flowed in pipe, the part Cis groove rotation near wall helped attenuate fluidic frictional belt, reduces thermal resistance, the enhancement of heat transfer effect.Simultaneously, when fluid moved vertically along wall, spiral projection also can make fluid produce periodic disturbance, can accelerate heat by the transmission of wall to bodies of fluid.When the cell sidewall temperature reached 300~450 ℃, heat-transfer medium can be used the fused salt composition, as 53%KNO 2, 40%NaNO 3And 7%NaNO 2Mixture.This heat-transfer medium reaches 360 ℃ from the high-temperature heat-exchanging temperature out, and loop temperature reaches 240 ℃.But the high pressure stripping workshop section of its heat energy oxygen supply aluminium manufacturer uses.
Fin tube type heat exchanger of the present invention is made up of a series of circular high finned tubes, finned tube is lined up several rows, be fixed between two end plates, finned tube can be inserted electrolyzer pot shell inwall corresponding site, draw import and export pipe and flange again, its heat-transfer effect is better.Can adopt universe dry air or nitrogen to make heat-transfer medium this moment, with blower fan alternative transport pump, low temperature heat exchanger is fixed under the anode block bearing, but the preheating anode block.
Should emphasize that the present invention is a kind of purposes invention, promptly be that hot swapping and closed cycle technology are used for aluminium cell, reaches the technique effect that kills two birds with one stone, and both solved the heat dissipation problem of electrolyzer pot shell effectively; Originally discarded useless heat is effectively used.Solved the problem that those skilled in the art fail to consider like this, well.Only manage device majority used in the present invention and belong to prior art, but process contriver's meticulous selection and ingenious combination have obtained significant technical progress and huge economic benefit, should be subjected to the protection of patent system.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the installation site synoptic diagram of aluminium electrolysis cell shell side wall high-temperature heat exchanger.Fig. 2 is heat of the present invention, cold exchange cycles system schematic; Fig. 3,4,5 is respectively the structural representation of plate-fin, helix tube type and fin tube type heat exchanger; Fig. 6 is a thermal oil heat exchange system synoptic diagram; Fig. 7 is a fused salt composition heat exchange system synoptic diagram; Fig. 8 is a gaseous media heat exchange system synoptic diagram.
Among above-mentioned each figure, 1 electrolyzer pot shell, 2 lateral linings, 3 bottom liners, 4 cathode blocks, 5 anode steel jaws, 6 anode rods, 7 anode clamps, 8 electrolyte crusts, 9 bassinet stands, 10 cover plates, 11 high-temperature heat exchangers, 12 low temperature heat exchangers, 13 ripple fins, 14 end plates, 15 inlet pipes, 16 outlet pipes, 17 threaded pipes, 18 high finned tubes, 19 flanges, 20 carry pump or fan, 21 variable valve, 22 piping systems, 23 working heat machines, 24 oil storage vessels or melt salt storage tank, 25 fused salt afterburning furnaces, 26 expansion slots.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing residual heat of aluminum reduction cell recovery system proposed by the invention and device are further described and replenish, as shown in Figure 1, 2, high-temperature heat exchanger 11 is installed below the pot shell 1 sidewall cover plate 10 of aluminium cell, heat exchanger is connected with piping system 22 by flange 19, fill full heat-transfer medium in the piping system, by transferpump 20 with heat-transfer medium in high-temperature heat exchanger, absorbed by heat energy that aluminum cell casing dissipated, take in the low temperature heat exchanger 12, supply with working heat machine 23 and use.Heat-transfer medium is driven by piping system by transferpump like this and form closed cycle between high and low temperature two cover heat exchanger.The same transferpump of above-mentioned high and low temperature heat exchanger, variable valve 21, piping system have been formed the waste-heat recovery device of large-scale aluminum electrolytic cell residual neat recovering system of the present invention.The working heat machine promptly absorbs the machinery of heat energy in order to work done, just absorbs the device of heat energy from low temperature heat exchanger.
Because device of the present invention and parts are combinations of prior art or prior art, thus below to installing and parts itself do not give a detailed account in an embodiment.
Disorderly the mixing of embodiment 1 carbon pinched a pot well heater
Adopt plate fin type heat exchanger to make high-temperature heat exchanger, it is made up of with the dull and stereotyped ripple fin 13 that separates multilayer, use end plate 14 sealing again, install import and export pipe 15,16, inlet pipes is in the bottom, outlet pipe is positioned at the top, and the import and export pipe is with adopting the isolation flange dish to connect between the piping system.Heat-transfer medium is entered the heat exchanger 11 from inlet pipe by variable valve 21 and flange 19 by transferpump 20, absorbing the heat energy that cell sidewall distributed rises its temperature, thermal resistance is little because the surface-area of plate fin is big, the heat transfer efficiency height, when heat-transfer medium flowed back to piping system through outlet pipe and isolated flange, temperature can be near the temperature of cell sidewall.When cell wall temperature during, can adopt thermal oil such as silicone oil to make heat-transfer medium at 200-300 ℃.Need to be provided with oil storage vessel 24 and expansion slot 26 in the system, be beneficial to the circulation of thermal oil.Thermal oil reaches carbon element by low temperature heat exchanger with heat energy and mixes and to pinch in pot well heater heating carbon element thickener.
Embodiment 2 alumina producer high pressure stripping workshop sections
Adopt spiral-tube heat exchange to make high-temperature heat exchanger, the outer tube surface more than is shut out spiral groove, the spiral projection of the inboard formation of pipe is made threaded pipe 17.With its closed at both ends, set up import and export pipe 15,16 respectively again, be connected with piping system 22 by flange 19.When the heat-transfer medium fluid flowed in pipe, the part Cis groove rotation near wall helped attenuate fluidic frictional belt, reduces thermal resistance, the enhancement of heat transfer effect.Simultaneously, when fluid moved vertically along wall, spiral projection also can make fluid produce periodic disturbance, can accelerate heat by the transmission of wall to bodies of fluid.When the cell sidewall temperature reached 300~450 ℃, heat-transfer medium can be used the fused salt composition, as 53%KNO 3, 40%NaNO 2And 7%NaNO 3Mixture.This heat-transfer medium reaches 360 ℃ from the high-temperature heat-exchanging temperature out, and loop temperature reaches 200 ℃.Be provided with fused salt storage tank 24 and fused salt afterburning furnace 25 in the system in addition, to prevent the fused salt fouling.But the high pressure stripping workshop section of the heat energy oxygen supply aluminium manufacturer that the fused salt composition is entrained uses.
Embodiment 3 anode block preheating stands
Adopt fin tube type heat exchanger to make high-temperature heat exchanger, a series of circular high finned tube 18 is lined up several rows, be fixed between two end plates 14, connect import and export pipe 15,16 and flange 19 respectively, be connected to piping system 22, blower fan 20, variable valve 21 and low temperature heat exchanger 12, it is installed in anode block preheating frame bottom.This system adopts dry air or nitrogen to make heat-transfer medium.Since anode block preheating frame be usually located at aluminium cell distolateral near, piping system is shorter, heats is better.Anode block can be heated to 400 ℃ with this preheating frame, little to bath of cell temperature effect when changing anode, save energy can obtain good benefit.
Can also enumerate more embodiment; their something in common is that use heat switching technology and closed cycle technology get up thermal energy collecting and effectively utilize the scope that this is only technical characterictic of the present invention and requires patent protection from aluminum cell casing.Take which kind of structure unimportant as for heat exchanger, all will be considered as infringement as long as relate to the foregoing invention design.

Claims (6)

1. a residual heat of aluminum reduction cell recovery system comprises heat exchanger, heat-transfer medium, transferpump and piping system, it is characterized in that, absorbs and the conveying heat energy that aluminum cell casing dissipated by heat exchanger and heat-transfer medium, wherein
(1) heat exchanger is divided into high and low temperature two covers, and high-temperature heat exchanger is connected with the electrolyzer pot shell; Low temperature heat exchanger is connected with the working heat machine;
(2) heat-transfer medium is driven by piping system by transferpump and form closed cycle between high and low temperature two cover heat exchanger;
(3) heat-transfer medium is thermal oil or fused salt composition.
2. the waste-heat recovery device for the described residual heat of aluminum reduction cell recovery system of enforcement claim 1 comprises the high and low temperature heat exchanger; Transferpump; Variable valve and piping system is characterized in that:
(1) high-temperature heat exchanger is fixed on the pot shell position of electrolyzer cover plate below, and low temperature heat exchanger then is fixed on the working heat machine;
(2) the high and low temperature heat exchanger constitutes a closed circuit connected system by transferpump, variable valve and piping system;
(3) heat-transfer medium of filled some amount in the piping system, the connecting portion between piping system and the high-temperature heat exchanger adopts flange arrangement;
(4) heat-transfer medium is thermal oil or fused salt composition.
3. by the described residual heat of aluminum reduction cell retrieving arrangement of claim 2, it is characterized in that: said high and low temperature heat exchanger can adopt plate-fin structure or helix tube type structure.
4. by the described residual heat of aluminum reduction cell retrieving arrangement of claim 2, it is characterized in that: said cryogenic heat exchanger can be fixed on the working heat machine; Also can directly be used as the working heat machine.
5. by the described residual heat of aluminum reduction cell retrieving arrangement of claim 3, it is characterized in that: said plate fin type heat exchanger is made up of with the dull and stereotyped ripple fin that separates multilayer, use the end plate sealing again, install the import and export pipe, inlet pipes is in the bottom, outlet pipe is positioned at the top, and the import and export pipe is with adopting ring flange to connect between the piping system.
6. by the described residual heat of aluminum reduction cell retrieving arrangement of claim 3, it is characterized in that: said spiral-tube heat exchange is made up of threaded pipe, outside surface at pipe shuts out spiral groove, the spiral projection of the inboard formation of pipe, closed at both ends, be equipped with respectively into and out of pipe, be connected with piping system by flange.
CNB2007100113781A 2007-05-22 2007-05-22 Remaining heat recovery system and device for aluminum electrolysis bath Expired - Fee Related CN100516314C (en)

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CN100516314C true CN100516314C (en) 2009-07-22

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Families Citing this family (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101610047B (en) * 2008-06-16 2011-04-20 湖南晟通科技集团有限公司 Wind cooling type aluminum electrolytic cell waste heat utilizing device
CN101610048B (en) * 2008-06-16 2011-04-20 湖南晟通科技集团有限公司 Device for using waste heat of aluminum electrolytic cell
CN101610046B (en) * 2008-06-16 2011-04-20 湖南晟通科技集团有限公司 Method for utilizing waste heat of aluminum electrolyzing cell
CN101880898B (en) * 2009-05-04 2013-01-02 厦门热工环保***工程有限公司 Method for recovering flue gas waste heat of aluminum electrolysis cell
CN103469253A (en) * 2013-10-10 2013-12-25 郑州大学 Forced heat transferring type aluminum electrolyzing groove
CN105220177B (en) * 2014-06-30 2017-12-08 沈阳铝镁设计研究院有限公司 Aluminium cell forced ventilation residual heat using device and Application way
CN105088280A (en) * 2015-07-16 2015-11-25 新疆东方希望碳素有限公司 Aluminum anode carbon preheating and discontinuous kneading molding production technology
CN108624917A (en) * 2018-07-09 2018-10-09 林州市中泰科技有限公司 Preheating device and pre-heating mean before a kind of anode or the assembling of phosphorus pig iron raw material
CN109778234A (en) * 2019-04-02 2019-05-21 厦门高谱科技有限公司 A kind of aluminium electrolytic tank wall radiant heat residual neat recovering system
CN110227590B (en) * 2019-06-04 2021-12-03 上海筱启新能源科技有限公司 Solid waste treatment device of power plant
CN112658538A (en) * 2020-12-09 2021-04-16 廖日豪 Preheating device before welding for aluminum alloy by using waste heat
CN117935660B (en) * 2024-03-21 2024-05-24 东北大学 Device and method for experimental mechanism of furnace side change of aluminum electrolysis cell

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