CN100515364C - Apparatus for preventing adhesions between an implant and surrounding tissues - Google Patents
Apparatus for preventing adhesions between an implant and surrounding tissues Download PDFInfo
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- CN100515364C CN100515364C CNB038234963A CN03823496A CN100515364C CN 100515364 C CN100515364 C CN 100515364C CN B038234963 A CNB038234963 A CN B038234963A CN 03823496 A CN03823496 A CN 03823496A CN 100515364 C CN100515364 C CN 100515364C
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Abstract
An anti-adhesion membrane is placed onto an implant introduced into a surgical site of a patient to prevent post-surgical adhesions between the implant and surrounding tissue. The implant may comprise either biological material, such as a transplanted organ, or non-biological material such as a medical device. The membrane may be applied in a variety of ways. In one example, a membrane according to the present invention is shrink-wrapped around a pace-maker. In another example, a breast implant is spray-coated or dipped with the membrane material.
Description
Technical field
Present invention relates in general to medical device, relate in particular to the postoperative adherent method and apparatus between the implant that is used for the operative site that reduces biological tissue and be incorporated into the patient.
Background technology
The main clinical problem relevant with operation process or inflammation may be unwanted tissue growth or adhesion, and this may appear in the starting stage of the agglutination after operation or the disease.Another problem is, for the foreign body reaction in the reaction that is incorporated into medical device in the operative site or implant.A problem is again, enters the leakage of for example fluidic material of surrounding tissue, mobile or diffusion from implant.
A kind of method that solves sticking problem is to use on the biology that is arranged between the position of healing after the operation and the adjacent surrounding tissue can resorbent isolated material, and its form is gel, coating, fabric, foams, thin film etc.The example of this isolated material can with reference to the United States Patent (USP) 5412068 that licenses to people such as Tang, license to people such as Totakura United States Patent (USP) 5795584, license to people such as Schwartz United States Patent (USP) 6034140 and 6133325, license to people's such as Cohn United States Patent (USP) 6136333, the content of all these patents is incorporated herein by quoting as proof.
More particularly, disclosed can resorbent medical device on the thin film made by polycarbonate and other the biology for this United States Patent (USP) that licenses to people such as Tang.This United States Patent (USP) that licenses to people such as Totakura has disclosed a kind of operation and has adhered to slider, and it comprises by deutero-copolymer of trimethylene carbonate and/or block copolymer.The United States Patent (USP) that licenses to people such as Schwartz has disclosed the thin film of the anti-adhesive of being made by polysaccharide that comprises carboxyl and polyethers.This United States Patent (USP) that licenses to people such as Cohn has disclosed the polymeric compositions of anti-adhesive, and it comprises poly-(ester)/poly-(oxyalkylene) ABA three blocks or the two blocks of AB.Similar, by biocompatible polymer coating being applied to medical device for example on the intravascular stent, thereby solved antixenic problem.Disclosed a kind of method that is used to apply intravascular stent in the United States Patent (USP) 6153252 that licenses to people such as Hossainy, its content also is incorporated herein by quoting as proof.
Disadvantageously, above-mentioned coating and other slider only are the successes of limited ground.For example, the spacer material of some prior aries is absorbed in the body too quickly again, causes the part of undesirable pH value to descend, and this causes or aggravated for example problems such as local inflammation, discomfort and/or foreign body antibody response.The soak time of other material require is long, and ductility may be insufficient, perhaps needs to increase the chemical constituent and/or the reaction of the complexity of manufacturing cost.
Summary of the invention
Thin-film material for anti-adhesive has had been found that new application.More particularly, the thin film that has been found that anti-adhesive disclosed here is except as the slider between the adjacent biological tissue, can also be suitable for being arranged on the implant in the operative site that is incorporated into the patient, so that prevent undesirable reaction between implant and surrounding tissue.This implant can be the bioimplant of for example transplant organ or can be the abiotic implant of medical device implant for example.In the device of using principle of the present invention, have bone and transplant sub, bone cement, tissue adhesive and bonding agent, bone fixed part (plate, grid, screw, and bar), prosthesis, tissue increases device (breast implant for example, penile implant, and collagen), pacemaker, defibrillator, eyeball, stitching thread, suturing nail, sew up fiber, cochlear implant, the pumping device, artificial organ, can not resorbent thin plate and thin film, the bone lengthening stimulator, nerve stimulator, dental implant, guiding tissue and guiding osteanagenesis thin film, the eyelid counterweight, the pipe of using with myringotomy.The type of the thin-film material in any specific application depends on this application scenario and applies the feature of this thin film operative site.
Special concern be in the United States Patent (USP) of submitting to March 12 calendar year 2001 09/805411, disclose can resorbent miniature thin-film or thin film, its content at this by quoting introducing as proof.Specifically, above-mentioned application has disclosed the slider thin film that weakens scar tissue, and it is fully by can making by resorbent polymer, and is configured to be absorbed in the body in time more slowly, so that for example reduce the negative side effect that may occur.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, this thin-film material is selected from the group that the lactide polymer (for example copolymer) that is formed by two or more lactides constitutes.It has been found that now these polyactide thin film have additional use, promptly as the protectiveness slider that uses on the foreign body of for example implant.
What pay close attention in addition is the interim patent 60/399792 of the U.S. submitted on July 31st, 2002 and the thin film formation technology that discloses in the interim patent 60/408393 of the U.S. that JIUYUE in 2002 was submitted on the 4th, its content at this by quoting introducing as proof.Have been found that the thin film of being made by these technology is effective especially for using on foreign body implant disclosed here.
According in the method for the present invention, before the main body of implant was incorporated in patient's the operative site, the thin film of anti-adhesive was applied on the implant.This implant comprises for example biomaterial of transplanted organ, perhaps the non-biological material of medical device implant for example.This thin film can be applied on the implant by variety of way.In one example, coated according to thin film of the present invention around the implant deflation of for example pacemaker.In another example, spray for example implant of breast implant with thin-film material disclosed here.
Based on the description of this paper, the description of this description and those of ordinary skills' understanding, as long as the feature that is included in any combination is not conflicted each other, feature then described here or combination of features are within the scope of the present invention.With reference to the following detailed description and claim, can understand additional advantage of the present invention and aspect better.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the sketch map according to the method for the coating pacemaker of one embodiment of the present of invention; With
Fig. 2 is according to the sketch map of the method for the coating breast implant of an alternative embodiment of the invention.
The specific embodiment
Followingly be described with reference to the preferred embodiments of the present invention, its example illustrates at accompanying drawing.May be under any circumstance, the same or analogous Reference numeral in the drawing and description is represented same or analogous parts.Should be noted that accompanying drawing draws in simple mode, and not according to accurate ratio.For disclosure at this, for easy and clear, employed direction term for example top, the end, left and right, upper and lower, exceed, on, under, following, back and front be with reference to accompanying drawing.These direction terms should not be construed as by any way and limit the scope of the invention.
Although be described with reference to specific illustrated embodiment at this, be to be understood that these embodiment only are exemplary rather than determinate.The embodiment shown in although the following detailed description relates to, these descriptions are intended to be interpreted as any modification that covers embodiment, alternative and equivalents, and drop in the spirit and scope of the present invention that limited by appended claim.
The present invention relates to a kind of postoperative adherent method that is reduced between surgical site implant and the surrounding tissue, it is included on this implant and applies and/or form the thin film of anti-adhesive around this implant.The device that comprises this implant and this anti-adhesion membrane can be arranged in patient's body subsequently and be positioned at surgical site.
Thin film of the present invention can be configured to by degradable material on the various biologies, for example can resorbent polymer.For example, be applied on the implant or this thin-film material of being formed on the implant comprises lactide polymer, for example the copolymer of two or more lactide monomers.In one embodiment, thin-film material is preferably from the group that is made of two or more monomeric lactide polymers (as copolymer) and selects.According to one embodiment of the present of invention, the polymer that is used to form the indefiniteness of thin film of the present invention comprises lactide (L, D, DL, or and combination), the polymer (as copolymer) of Acetic acid, hydroxy-, bimol. cyclic ester, trimethylene carbonate, caprolactone and/or its physics and chemical combination.At an embodiment, thin film comprises polyactide, and it can be L-lactide and D, the copolymer of L-lactide.For example, this copolymer can comprise the L-lactide of about 60-80% and the D of about 20-40%, the L-lactide, and in a preferred embodiment, this copolymer comprises poly-(L-lactide-copolymerization-D, the L-lactide) 70 by the manufacturing of BoehringerIngelheim KG company and the supply of Germany: 30Resomer LR708.Have been found that the thin film that is configured to by this material can hinder or prevent that tissue from adhering to, so that reduce cicatrix and/or inflammation, and this thin film can or absorb in the shorter time in being implanted to intravital 24 months of mammal again.
In one embodiment, this thin film is by such polymer formation, and this polymer is by one or more cyclic esters, and for example lactide (L, D, DL, or and combination), epsilon-caprolactone, Acetic acid, hydroxy-, bimol. cyclic ester are deutero-, (for example homopolymer and/or copolymer).For instance, this thin film can comprise the epsilon-caprolactone of about 1-99% in one embodiment, perhaps can comprise the epsilon-caprolactone of 20-40% at another embodiment.In one example, thin film comprises 65: 35 poly-(L-lactide-copolymerization-epsilon-caprolactone).In other embodiments, butyrolactone, valerolactone or dimethyl propylene lactone can use or as the substitute of epsilon-caprolactone with the epsilon-caprolactone.In another embodiment, this thin film comprises such copolymer, and it comprises lactide and Acetic acid, hydroxy-, bimol. cyclic ester, and comparing it with above-mentioned poly-(L-lactide-copolymerization-D, L-lactide) can be absorbed in the body more quickly again.
Anti-adhesion membrane of the present invention can be applied on the various foreign body objects of wide region, it includes but not limited to, graft materials, transplant organ and medical device, comprising the medical device that is surrounded by biological tissue, biological tissue includes but not limited to fascia, soft tissue, muscle, organ, fat, animal fat, barrier film, pericardium, multiple film (plura), periosteum, peritoneum, pachymeninx, intestinal, intestinal tube, ovary, vein, tremulous pulse, epidermis, tendon, ligament, nerve, bone and cartilage.Graft materials comprises autotransplantation material, xenograft material, allograft material and combination thereof.The example of suitable graft materials comprises vein, tremulous pulse, cardiac valve, skin, corium, epidermis, nerve, tendon, ligament, bone, bone marrow, blood, leukocyte, erythrocyte, gonadal cell, embryo, cell, animal fat, fat, muscle, cartilage, fascia, barrier film, pericardium, multiple film (plura), periosteum, peritoneum and pachymeninx.Implant can comprise transplanted organ, for example kidney, heart, eye and liver etc.
Other implant comprises non-biological material, for example medical device.The example of suitable abiotic implant include but not limited to bone graft substitute, bone cement, tissue adhesive and bonding agent, bone fixed part, defibrillator, eyeball, stitching thread, suturing nail, stitching fiber, cochlear implant, pumping device, artificial organ, can not resorbent thin film, the pipe used of bone lengthening stimulator, nerve stimulator, dental implant, guiding tissue and lead osteanagenesis thin film, eyelid counterweight and myringotomy.Other medical device can comprise prosthesis, for example the prosthesis of fluid filled.An example of the prosthesis of fluid filled is a breast implant, for example the breast implant of saline or silicone.In addition, medical device can comprise electronic device, for example pacemaker.
By using any technology in the multiple technologies, this thin film can form or be applied on implant or the device, that these technology include but not limited to is coated, interweave, lamination, covering, tape winding around, adjacent layout and registration and insert and put.
In the first embodiment of the present invention, the material of anti-adhesive was pre-formed as thin film before being applied on the implant.In the second embodiment of the present invention, this material is applied in as coating, and dry this coating is so that form thin film or the slider that centers on implant.The thin film of coating can be effective as protective layer around implant, and/or can be effective as can resorbent slider, and is as the described herein.Fig. 1 shows a kind of method that applies preformed thin film.Thereby Fig. 2 shows by coating and dry film forming method.The material that is used to form thin film in these two figure can comprise for example poly-(L-lactide-copolymerization-D, L-lactide).Yet being to be understood that can resorbent polymer on the biology with anti-adhesion properties that can use other in variant embodiment.In other variant embodiment, even can use can not resorbent polymer or do not have the polymer of anti-adhesion properties, and this depends on the application of thin film.For example, this thin film or slider can comprise one or more comprise can resorbent polymer part, and one or more comprise can not resorbent polymer part.
Fig. 1 shows preformed thin film 10 is applied to for example method on the pacemaker 12 of medical device 11.Preformed thin film 10 is preferably imporous film, and its polylactide material by monolayer forms, so that be suitable for keeping the slider of surface smoothing between implant and surrounding tissue.More preferably, have viscous characteristics as this material of its net shape, for example inherent viscosity, scope be in the time of 25 degrees centigrade in chloroform about 0.20-10.00g/dL.For multiple application, the optimization range of the viscous characteristics of disclosed thin film is about 1.00-3.00g/dL.In one embodiment, viscous characteristics is preferably more than 2g/dL greater than 1g/dL, and more preferably greater than about 3g/dL.It is most preferred that in addition the thickness of thin film is less than about 300 microns, more preferably in the scope of about 10-100 micron.In a preferred embodiment, this thickness is in the scope of about 10-50 micron.This thickness vertically with transverse axis to direction should be uniformly, except the outermost edge place of thin film 10, doubly at the 2-4 of this position thickness remainder that is thin film.This thickness edge can make thin film have the adhesive strength of increase and be reduced in the risk of the damage in the attachment applications for example.
What recommended is, thereby thin film 10 is pre-formed by the extruding and the stretching, extension technology that disclose in the interim patent 60/399792 of the U.S. and 60/408393.Yet, in variant embodiment, can use the film of other standard to form technology.For example, can use compression molded, perhaps any suitable technology, for example at Encycopedia of Polymer Science and Engineering, Vol.12, the technology disclosed in the 204-210 page or leaf (1988), its content is hereby incorporated by.Yet because the uncommon thickness of thin film 10, therefore specific technology for example injection molding may be unsuitable, and enough performances can not be provided.By using certain fabrication techniques, can in a film, form a plurality of layers polymeric material.Multiwalled thin film can provide improved benefit and advantage, and is particularly multiple can resorbent material the time when using, and for example first can degrade with first rate by resorbent material, and second can degrade with second speed by resorbent material.
After forming process, thin film 10 be placed on the pacemaker 12 or under, and coated around pacemaker 12 so that this pacemaker of package roughly.As shown in Figure 1, pacemaker is by package fully.For other the implant that comprises pacemaker, thin film 10 can be coated around the major part of implant, therefore has only the less important part of implant directly to contact with human or animal patient's the biotic environment that is provided with this implant.As shown in Figure 1, use aerator 14 or other heater subsequently so that improve the temperature of thin film 10, this thin film can be bearing on (unshowned) suitable framework or keeper, so that make its temperature be higher than glass transition temperature.Under the situation of preferred polylactide material, glass transition temperature is approximately 55-60 degree centigrade.When in glass transition state, thin film shrinks in a predetermined manner, and this depends on makes the employed technology of this thin film.For example, shrink with about 3 times multiplying power along an axis (being longitudinal axis in a preferred embodiment) to the thin film that is squeezed into by single shaft according to the technology that above-mentioned common unsettled United States Patent (USP) discloses, and shrink with the multiplying power of 10-15% along axis of pitch.In one embodiment, twin shaft shrinks along two axis to the thin film that is squeezed into roughly the samely.Cooling get back to be lower than glass transition temperature after, thin film 10 sclerosis or set its new coated configuration 16 for.This coated configuration can comprise around the tight coated thin film 10 of implant.In certain embodiments, nearly all exposed surface of implant covers by thin film.In another embodiment, thin film directly contacts with the surface of implant.In other embodiments, this thin film is coated so that thin film does not contact with implant surface around implant, but roughly surrounds this implant.For example, thin film is configured to a bag, and it is coated around implant, wherein the space between gas or liquid filling thin film and the implant.Do not need bonding agent and other fixed structure or method so that keep this thin film 10 with its coated configuration.Yet, within the scope of the invention, when this coated implant is cooled and is heated, can to this coated implant for example pacemaker 12 carry out moldedly, perhaps cement or other bonding agent are applied to the corner part of thin film, this is as additional step.
Be implanted in patient's the operative site in for example device or other implant but be not in the application that must be attached on the anatomical structure, heat shrink is effective.Be attached in anatomical structure or the structural application at implant devices or implant, preferably mechanically be fixed to preformed thin film on this device or the implant and be fixed to around human body or tissue.Employed technology comprises: make thin film with respect to implant and human body on every side or tissue carry out coated, interweave, lamination, covering, tape winding around, adjacent layout and registration and insert and put.For example also can use stitching thread or sew up fiber, so as with preformed thin film attached on the muscle on every side.As another embodiment, thus preformed thin film can use can resorbent bone screw or suturing nail be fixed on the bone.In other cases, the thin film pleat is become or is folded into anatomical crevices to be enough to be convenient to fix in position.Also can use fibrin sealant for example or bonding agent that can resorbent cyanoacrylate bonding agent, so that fixing this preformed thin film, this can use separately or be used in combination with other device of any above-mentioned attaching.Perhaps, preformed thin film can be for example by bipolar cautery unit heat bonding, ultrasonic bonding or around similarly being sealed directly to or on the adjacent human body.
In specific application, for example under implant to be implanted situation bigger or in irregular shape, than apply preformed thin film actual be that this implant is applied.For example, Fig. 2 shows a kind of method that sprays breast implant 18, and this implant is that form is to have brinish implant in the silicone housing.
Preferably, by with can resorbent polymer on the biology for example above-mentioned poly-(L-lactide-copolymerization-D, L-lactide) thus material dissolves forms in appropriate solvent and applies solution 20.This solvent can be from slightly being selected (pyrole) and above two or more any a group of constituting by ethyl acetate, acetonitrile, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), oxolane (THF), methyl pyrrole.In one embodiment of the invention, solution 20 have that concentration is approximately can resorbent polymer on the biology of 0.1-5.0 percentage by weight.Solution 20 places for example ultrasound wave injection unit of suitable ejector 22, and is mapped to as the microgranule spray painting on the surface of implant 18.Can use the volatilizer of any routine to carry out the injection of this solution.For example, can use pump or spray this solution based on the injection apparatus of aerosol.Can under atmospheric pressure, carry out this injection.After spraying, make implant 18 dryings, be preferably about 1-5 hour air drying, so that remove the solvent of 80-90%, and be placed on subsequently and have about 1 * 10
-2In the vacuum drying oven 24 under the pressure of millimetres of mercury, for example about 55 degrees centigrade or lower, so that remove remaining solvent as much as possible.Under the situation of organic solvent, particularly importantly only keep few solvent, and preferably do not have solvent at all.
After applying coating for the first time, can apply one or more additional coatings wholly or in part if desired.It is uniform that this coating needs not to be thickness, but the final thickness at the thinnest part place should be not less than 10 microns.Preferably, the final thickness in all parts roughly is in the scope of about 10-300 micron, and more preferably in the scope of about 10-50 micron.As description, provide the coating of a plurality of different-thickness can help optionally to control the absorption rate again of slider thin film at this.
Although described preferred forms of the present invention in detail, those of ordinary skill in the art should be appreciated that and can carry out various modification to implementing structure of the present invention and embodiment without departing from the scope of the invention.
Claims (25)
1. device, it comprises:
Be configured to the implant in the operative site that is surrounded by tissue of being convenient to be inserted into the patient, wherein when this implant is inserted into this operative site, the tissue encirclement also touches all basically outer surfaces of this device; With
Around this implant can resorbent thin film so that weaken adhesion between this implant and this surrounding tissue, this can be arranged on all basically outer surfaces of this implant by resorbent thin film.
2. device as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that this implant comprises bioimplant.
3. device as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that this bioimplant comprises transplanted organ.
4. device as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that this bioimplant comprises graft materials.
5. device as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that, this graft materials is selected from organize with next, and this group comprises autotransplantation material, xenograft material, allograft material and combination thereof.
6. device as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that, this graft materials is selected from organize with next, and this group comprises vein, tremulous pulse, cardiac valve, skin, nerve, tendon, ligament, bone marrow, blood, embryo, cell, fat, muscle, cartilage, fascia, barrier film, pericardium, multiple film, periosteum, peritoneum and pachymeninx.
7. device as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that, this graft materials is selected from organize with next, and this group comprises corium, epidermis, bone, leukocyte, erythrocyte, gonadal cell and animal fat.
8. device as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, this surrounding tissue is selected from organize with next, and this group comprises fascia, muscle, fat, barrier film, pericardium, multiple film, periosteum, peritoneum, pachymeninx, intestinal, ovary, vein, tremulous pulse, epidermis, tendon, ligament, nerve and bone.
9. device as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, this surrounding tissue is selected from organize with next, and this group comprises soft tissue, animal fat, intestinal tube and cartilage.
10. device as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that this surrounding tissue is an organ.
11. device as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, this implant comprises inorganic matter.
12. device as claimed in claim 11, it is characterized in that, this inorganic matter comprises medical device, this medical device is from selecting next group, this group comprise bone graft substitute, bone cement, tissue adhesive and bonding agent, bone fixed part, defibrillator, eyeball, stitching thread, suturing nail, cochlear implant, pumping device, can not resorbent thin film, the pipe used of bone lengthening stimulator, nerve stimulator, dental implant, guiding tissue and lead osteanagenesis thin film, eyelid counterweight and myringotomy.
13. device as claimed in claim 11 is characterized in that, this inorganic matter comprises medical device, and this medical device is selected from organize with next, and this group comprises sews up fiber and artificial organ.
14. device as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, this can comprise around the thin film of the heat shrink of this implant setting by resorbent thin film.
15. device as claimed in claim 14 is characterized in that, this thin film comprises that one deck is described at least can resorbent polymer-based material.
16. device as claimed in claim 15 is characterized in that, this thin film comprises that the described of monolayer can resorbent polymer-based material.
17. device as claimed in claim 16 is characterized in that, this monolayer can resorbent polymer-based material has the thickness of 10-100 micron.
18. device as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, this thin film comprises having the first roughly level and smooth roughly level and smooth lateral generally flat film in side and second.
19. device as claimed in claim 15 is characterized in that, this polymer-based material has roughly isostatic composition.
20. device as claimed in claim 19 is characterized in that, this polymer-based material is to be made of the material of selecting from organize with next, and this group roughly comprises:
Lactide polymer; With
The copolymer of two or more cyclic esters.
21. device as claimed in claim 11 is characterized in that, this inorganic matter comprises the implantable prosthesis of fluid filled.
22. device as claimed in claim 21 is characterized in that, the implantable prosthesis of this fluid filled comprises breast implant.
23. device as claimed in claim 22 is characterized in that, this breast implant is included in the implant of the intravital saline type of silicone shell.
24. device as claimed in claim 11 is characterized in that, this inorganic matter comprises pacemaker.
25. device as claimed in claim 19 is characterized in that, this polymer-based material is selected from organize with next, and this group comprises:
Lactide polymer; With
The copolymer of two or more lactides.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US39981302P | 2002-07-31 | 2002-07-31 | |
| US60/399,813 | 2002-07-31 | ||
| US60/409,137 | 2002-09-09 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1703174A CN1703174A (en) | 2005-11-30 |
| CN100515364C true CN100515364C (en) | 2009-07-22 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CNB038234963A Expired - Lifetime CN100515364C (en) | 2002-07-31 | 2003-07-31 | Apparatus for preventing adhesions between an implant and surrounding tissues |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105749345A (en) * | 2010-07-09 | 2016-07-13 | 斯恩蒂斯有限公司 | Self-detaching layer for easy implant removal |
-
2003
- 2003-07-31 CN CNB038234963A patent/CN100515364C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105749345A (en) * | 2010-07-09 | 2016-07-13 | 斯恩蒂斯有限公司 | Self-detaching layer for easy implant removal |
| CN105749345B (en) * | 2010-07-09 | 2019-10-25 | 斯恩蒂斯有限公司 | For be easy to remove implant from separating layer |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1703174A (en) | 2005-11-30 |
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