CN100512956C - Method for producing direct methanol fuel cell positive pole catalysts - Google Patents
Method for producing direct methanol fuel cell positive pole catalysts Download PDFInfo
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- CN100512956C CN100512956C CNB2007100306479A CN200710030647A CN100512956C CN 100512956 C CN100512956 C CN 100512956C CN B2007100306479 A CNB2007100306479 A CN B2007100306479A CN 200710030647 A CN200710030647 A CN 200710030647A CN 100512956 C CN100512956 C CN 100512956C
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- ruthenium
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Abstract
The invention discloses a making method of anode catalyst for direct carbinol fuel battery, which comprises the following steps: adding carbon nanometer pipe in the solution of ruthenium trichloride to do ultrasonic vibration; using trace quantity of sampling pump to drip hydrogen dioxide solution slowly under indoor temperature; heating; refluxing to react; filtering; washing; drying; obtaining the hydrated ruthenium trichloride loaded by carbon nanometer pipe; dispersing the hydrated ruthenium trichloride loaded by carbon nanometer pipe into ethandiol; adding platinochloric acid solution to adjust pH value; heating; refluxing; filtering; washing; drying to obtain n-RuO2.xH2O/CNTs catalyst. The invention simplifies the technique with mild operating condition and cheap cost, which has superior CO toxicity resistance.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to catalyst preparation technology, specifically is a kind of DMFC anode catalyst Pt-RuO
2XH
2The preparation method of O/CNTs.
Background technology
Fuel cell has been subjected to the great attention of countries in the world as the power technology of a kind of cleaning, efficient and stable performance.Wherein the research of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC) and DMFC (DMFC) more attracts people's attention.They can be used for electrical source of power, are used as the power supply of mobile phone and kneetop computer, also have the potentiality for terminal use's use of appointment in the future.But Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells and use for methanol fuel cells anode catalyst all exist electro catalytic activity low, and a small amount of CO of reformation gas or the directly generation in the anodic oxidation of methanol can make catalyst poisoning, thereby the performance of battery is descended significantly.Therefore, improve the electro catalytic activity of catalyst, the anti-poisoning capability that solves catalyst has become the key issue that fuel cell studies is badly in need of solution.
Chinese invention patent notification number CN 1171671C discloses " CNT carries the preparation method of the anti-CO electrode catalyst of platinum ruthenium series ", it adopts CNT is carrier, utilization in-situ chemical reduction homogeneous deposition method, at first Pt, Ru, Sn plasma are made the cooperation ion respectively, two or three cooperation ion mixes and makes the metastable state colloid then, adopt cheap reducing agent formaldehyde or sodium borohydride etc. again, metastable state colloid reduce deposition is made on CNT.This method needs preparation earlier to cooperate steps such as ion, preparation metastable state colloid, and in last reduction step, Pt and Ru, Sn plasma all are reduced to the atom valence state.And up-to-date result of study shows: in Pt, Ru bimetallic catalyst, and Pt, hydration RuO
2The alloy catalyst that the electrocatalysis characteristic of methyl alcohol is better than PtRu atom valence state; And in PtRu atom valence state alloy catalyst, the performance of Ru effect also is by progressively changing RuO into
2Finish.The present invention then with Ru directly with hydration RuO
2Form and the compound formation catalyst of Pt, saved that Ru is converted into RuO in the course of reaction
2Step; Simultaneously, hydration RuO
2Can be used as the nuclearing centre of Pt, make the Pt particle carry out load, thereby further improve the electrocatalysis characteristic of this catalyst with higher, more uniform dispersed.
Chinese invention patent notification number CN 1221050C discloses " DMFC methanol oxidation electrode preparation method ", Chinese invention patent notification number CN1123080C discloses " preparation method of fuel cell anode catalysts ", Chinese invention patent publication number CN1601788 discloses " preparation method of DMFC anode electrocatalyst ", Chinese invention patent publication number CN1827211 discloses " supported on carbon surface hollow nanometer platinum ruthenium alloy particle eelctro-catalyst and preparation method thereof ", this several patents all relates to the preparation of fuel battery anode catalyst, but prepared Pt, Ru or the composite catalyst that constitutes with other ion or oxide, Ru all exists with metallic state, therefore, all need in course of reaction, to be converted into RuO
2Play a role, Chinese invention patent notification number CN1630122 discloses " DMFC with anode catalyst and preparation method thereof " and has not related to Ru or RuO
2Adding, in addition, the carrier of above-mentioned several patents catalyst system therefor does not all relate to the CNT with special performance, and the present invention had both adopted CNT as carrier, in preparation process Ru directly was prepared into hydration RuO again
2, the conduction of carrier and the high dispersive performance of catalyst and excellent electrocatalysis characteristic are combined, give full play to its electrocatalytic oxidation property to methyl alcohol.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome above-mentioned technological deficiency, propose a kind of DMFC anode catalyst Pt/RuO
2XH
2The preparation method of O/CNTs.
The present invention adopts following technical scheme to realize this purpose, preparation DMFC anode catalyst Pt-RuO
2XH
2The method of O/CNTs comprises the steps:
(1) with in the ultrasonic aqueous solution that is scattered in ruthenium trichloride of CNT, CNT wherein: the mass ratio of ruthenium is 1:0.02~0.15, ultrasonic time is 0.5~3 hour, hydrogen peroxide with 30% is added drop-wise in this system with the drop rate of 9~20ml/h, and making the hydrogen peroxide and the volume mass ratio of ruthenium is 1.0~2.0ml:1mg, and this mixture refluxed 3.5~4.5 hours down at 75~85 ℃, filter then, wash, 80~150 ℃ of dryings obtain the CNT of hydration ruthenic oxide load, i.e. RuO
2XH
2O/CNTs;
(2) ultrasonic being scattered in the ethylene glycol of CNT of the hydration ruthenic oxide load that step (1) is made, add chloroplatinic acid, ruthenium wherein: platinum: the mass ratio of ethylene glycol is 1:0.5~2:200~300, regulating the pH value is 6.5~7.5,125~135 ℃ were refluxed 1.5~2.5 hours, and filtered then, wash, 65~75 ℃ of vacuum drying, make the DMFC anode catalyst, i.e. Pt-RuO
2XH
2O/CNTs.
In the step (1), CNT: the mass ratio of ruthenium is preferably 1:0.04~0.12; Ultrasonic time is preferably 1~2.5 hour, and baking temperature is preferably 90~130 ℃; In the step (2), ruthenium: the mass ratio of platinum is preferably 1:1~1.8.
The present invention compared with prior art has following advantage and effect:
(1) the present invention adopts hydrogen peroxide that Ru is carried out oxidation, does not need high temperature, mild condition.
(2) the present invention adopts the method for step load, at first with Ru with hydration RuO
2Form be carried on the CNT, and then add weak reductant ethylene glycol (the double solvent of doing), the Pt ion in the solution is reduced to Pt, and is carried on the CNT, so both guaranteed the RuO of first load
2Be not reduced, simultaneously, hydration RuO
2Can be Pt again nuclearing centre is provided, make the dispersion of Pt particle more even.
(3) the prepared Pt-RuO of the present invention
2XH
2The O/CNTs catalyst because the height of Pt particle evenly disperses, makes its electroactive area improve greatly, thereby has improved its electro catalytic activity to methyl alcohol; Simultaneously, Ru is with hydration RuO
2Form exist, make its poisonous species in centre that fast and effeciently produce in the oxidation methanol oxidation process, thereby improve its anti-poisoning capability.Prepared catalyst of the present invention to the electrocatalytic oxidation galvanic current of methyl alcohol up to 513A/g
Pt, the initial oxidation current potential of CO is low to moderate 0.28V (vs.Ag/AgCl), carry out 1000 circle cyclic voltammetrics continuously and still can keep 66% electro catalytic activity.
Description of drawings
The Pt-RuO that Fig. 1 makes for embodiment 1
2XH
2The transmission electron microscope photo of O/CNTs catalyst.
The Pt-RuO that Fig. 2 makes for embodiment 2
2XH
2The electroactive area resolution chart of O/CNTs catalyst.
The Pt-RuO that Fig. 3 makes for embodiment 3
2XH
2The O/CNTs catalyst is to the electrocatalytic oxidation property figure of methyl alcohol.
The Pt-RuO that Fig. 4 makes for embodiment 4
2XH
2The O/CNTs catalyst is to the oxidation susceptibility of CO.
The Pt-RuO that Fig. 5 makes for embodiment 5
2XH
2The O/CNTs catalyst is to the catalytic oxidation stability diagram of methyl alcohol.
The specific embodiment
The present invention is described further below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, but the scope of protection of present invention is not limited to the scope that embodiment represents.
Embodiment 1
(1) with in the ultrasonic aqueous solution that is scattered in ruthenium trichloride of CNT, CNT wherein: the mass ratio of ruthenium is 1:0.02, and ultrasonic time is 0.5 hour, with the drop rate of 9ml/h, 1ml/mg
RuAmount 30% hydrogen peroxide is added drop-wise in this system, this mixture refluxed 3.5 hours down at 75 ℃, filtered then, washed, 80 ℃ of dryings, obtained the CNT of hydration ruthenic oxide load;
(2) CNT of the hydration ruthenic oxide load that step (1) is made is scattered in the ethylene glycol, ultrasonic dispersion, add chloroplatinic acid, ruthenium wherein: platinum: the mass ratio of ethylene glycol is 1:0.5:200, regulating the pH value is 6.5, this mixture refluxed 1.5 hours at 125 ℃, filtered then, washed, 65 ℃ of vacuum drying, made efficient direct methyl alcohol fuel battery anode catalyst Pt/RuO
2XH
2O/CNTs.
The Pt-RuO that makes
2XH
2The transmission electron microscope photo of O/CNTs catalyst is seen Fig. 1.The prepared supported catalyst uniform load on CNTs of present embodiment as seen from the figure, average grain diameter is 3nm.
Embodiment 2
(1) in the ultrasonic aqueous solution that is scattered in ruthenium trichloride of CNT, CNT wherein: the mass ratio of ruthenium is 1:0.04, and ultrasonic time is 1 hour, with the drop rate of 10ml/h, 1.5ml/mg
RuAmount 30% hydrogen peroxide is added drop-wise in this system, this mixture refluxed 4 hours down at 80 ℃, filtered then, washed, 90 ℃ of dryings, obtained the CNT of hydration ruthenic oxide load;
(2) CNT of the hydration ruthenic oxide load that step (1) is made is scattered in the ethylene glycol, ultrasonic dispersion, add chloroplatinic acid, ruthenium wherein: platinum: the mass ratio of ethylene glycol is 1:1:250, regulating the pH value is 7,130 ℃ were refluxed 2 hours, filtered then, washed, 70 ℃ of vacuum drying, made efficient direct methyl alcohol fuel battery anode catalyst Pt/RuO
2XH
2O/CNTs.
The Pt-RuO that makes
2XH
2The electroactive area test result of O/CNTs catalyst is seen Fig. 2.The prepared Pt-RuO of present embodiment as seen from Figure 2
2XH
2The O/CNTs catalyst has higher electroactive area (88m
2/ g
Pt), and Pt/CNTs is 40m
2/ g
Pt
Embodiment 3
(1) in the ultrasonic aqueous solution that is scattered in ruthenium trichloride of CNT, CNT wherein: the mass ratio of ruthenium is 1:0.1, and ultrasonic time is 2 hours, with the drop rate of 15ml/h, 1.7ml/mg
RuAmount 30% hydrogen peroxide is added drop-wise in this system, this mixture refluxed 4.2 hours down at 78 ℃, filtered then, washed, 110 ℃ of dryings, obtained the CNT of hydration ruthenic oxide load;
(2) CNT of the hydration ruthenic oxide load that step (1) is made is scattered in the ethylene glycol, ultrasonic dispersion, add chloroplatinic acid, ruthenium wherein: platinum: the mass ratio of ethylene glycol is 1:1.5:280, regulating the pH value is 6.8,132 ℃ were refluxed 2.2 hours, filtered then, washed, 68 ℃ of vacuum drying, made efficient direct methyl alcohol fuel battery anode catalyst Pt/RuO
2XH
2O/CNTs.
The Pt-RuO that makes
2XH
2The O/CNTs catalyst is seen Fig. 3 to the electrocatalytic oxidation property testing result of methyl alcohol.The prepared Pt-RuO of present embodiment as seen from Figure 3
2XH
2The O/CNTs catalyst reduces (being 0.2V (vsAg/AgCl)) to the anodic oxidation of methanol take-off potential, and the forward oxidation peak current obviously improves (513A/g
Pt), have very high electro catalytic activity, and the Pt/CNTs catalyst being 0.35V (vs Ag/AgCl) to the anodic oxidation of methanol take-off potential, the forward oxidation peak current is 182A/g
Pt
Embodiment 4
(1) in the ultrasonic aqueous solution that is scattered in ruthenium trichloride of CNT, CNT wherein: the mass ratio of ruthenium is 1:0.12, and ultrasonic time is 2.5 hours, with the drop rate of 10ml/h, 1.5ml/mg
RuAmount 30% hydrogen peroxide is added drop-wise in this system, this mixture refluxed 4 hours down at 80 ℃, filtered then, washed, 130 ℃ of dryings, obtained the CNT of hydration ruthenic oxide load;
(2) CNT of the hydration ruthenic oxide load that step (2) is made is scattered in the ethylene glycol, ultrasonic dispersion, add chloroplatinic acid, ruthenium wherein: platinum: the mass ratio of ethylene glycol is 1:1.8:250, regulating the pH value is 7,130 ℃ were refluxed 2 hours, filtered then, washed, 70 ℃ of vacuum drying, made efficient direct methyl alcohol fuel battery anode catalyst Pt/RuO
2XH
2O/CNTs.
The Pt-RuO that makes
2XH
2The O/CNTs catalyst is seen Fig. 4 to the oxidation susceptibility test result of CO.The prepared Pt-RuO of present embodiment as seen from Figure 4
2XH
2The O/CNTs catalyst obviously reduces (for 0.25V (vsAg/AgCl)) to the initial oxidation current potential of CO, and it (is 150C/g that CO oxidation electric weight increases
Pt), and Pt/CNTs is 0.55V (vs Ag/AgCl) to the initial oxidation current potential of CO, CO oxidation electric weight 78C/g
Pt, the prepared Pt-RuO of this embodiment is described
2XH
2The O/CNTs catalyst has good anti-CO poisoning capability.
Embodiment 5
(1) in the ultrasonic aqueous solution that is scattered in ruthenium trichloride of CNT, CNT wherein: the mass ratio of ruthenium is 1:0.08, and ultrasonic time is 1 hour, with the drop rate of 18ml/h, 1.9ml/mg
RuAmount 30% hydrogen peroxide is added drop-wise in this system, this mixture refluxed 4.5 hours down at 83 ℃, filtered then, washed, 100 ℃ of dryings, obtained the CNT of hydration ruthenic oxide load;
(2) CNT of the hydration ruthenic oxide load that step (1) is made is scattered in the ethylene glycol, ultrasonic dispersion, add chloroplatinic acid, ruthenium wherein: platinum: the mass ratio of ethylene glycol is 1:1.2:300, regulating the pH value is 7.2,135 ℃ were refluxed 2.5 hours, filtered then, washed, 72 ℃ of vacuum drying, made efficient direct methyl alcohol fuel battery anode catalyst Pt/RuO
2XH
2O/CNTs.
Fig. 5 is the Pt-RuO that makes
2XH
2The O/CNTs catalyst is to the catalytic oxidation stability diagram of methyl alcohol.The prepared Pt-RuO of present embodiment as can be seen from Figure
2XH
2The O/CNTs catalyst is to the electro catalytic activity height of methyl alcohol, and good stability carries out 1000 circle cyclic voltammetrics continuously and still can keep 66% electro catalytic activity.
(1) in the ultrasonic aqueous solution that is scattered in ruthenium trichloride of CNT, CNT wherein: the mass ratio of ruthenium is 1:0.15, and ultrasonic time is 3 hours, with the drop rate of 20ml/h, 2ml/mg
RuAmount 30% hydrogen peroxide is added drop-wise in this system, this mixture refluxed 4.5 hours down at 85 ℃, filtered then, washed, 150 ℃ of dryings, obtained the CNT of hydration ruthenic oxide load;
(2) CNT of the hydration ruthenic oxide load that step (1) is made is scattered in the ethylene glycol, ultrasonic dispersion, add chloroplatinic acid, ruthenium wherein: platinum: the mass ratio of ethylene glycol is 1:2:300, regulating the pH value is 7.5,135 ℃ were refluxed 2.5 hours, filtered then, washed, 75 ℃ of vacuum drying, made efficient direct methyl alcohol fuel battery anode catalyst Pt/RuO
2XH
2O/CNTs.
Claims (4)
1, a kind of preparation method of DMFC anode catalyst is characterized in that comprising the steps:
(1) with in the ultrasonic aqueous solution that is scattered in ruthenium trichloride of CNT, CNT wherein: the mass ratio of ruthenium is 1:0.02~0.15, ultrasonic time is 0.5~3 hour, hydrogen peroxide with 30% is added drop-wise in this system with the drop rate of 9~20ml/h, making the volume of hydrogen peroxide and the mass ratio of ruthenium is 1.0~2.0ml:1mg, and this mixture refluxed 3.5~4.5 hours down at 75~85 ℃, filtered then, washed, 80~150 ℃ of dryings obtain the CNT of hydration ruthenic oxide load;
(2) ultrasonic being scattered in the ethylene glycol of CNT of the hydration ruthenic oxide load that step (1) is made, add chloroplatinic acid, ruthenium wherein: platinum: the mass ratio of ethylene glycol is 1:0.5~2:200~300, regulating the pH value is 6.5~7.5,125~135 ℃ were refluxed 1.5~2.5 hours, filter then, wash, 65~75 ℃ of vacuum drying make the DMFC anode catalyst.
2, preparation method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that in the step (1) CNT: the mass ratio of ruthenium is 1:0.04~0.12.
3, preparation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that in the step (1), ultrasonic time is 1~2.5 hour, and baking temperature is 90~130 ℃.
4, preparation method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that in the step (2) ruthenium: the mass ratio of platinum is 1:1~1.8.
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CN101580225B (en) * | 2009-06-25 | 2012-05-09 | 上海电力学院 | Method for preparing low platinum modified carbon-loaded ruthenium nano particles and application thereof |
CN101964423A (en) * | 2010-09-11 | 2011-02-02 | 华南理工大学 | Direct methanol fuel cell anode catalyst Pt/ MnO2-RuO2/ CNTs and preparation method thereof |
CN104716341B (en) * | 2013-12-13 | 2017-11-03 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | One kind improves the anti-SO of fuel-cell catalyst2The auxiliary agent and adding method of poisoning performance |
CN105514451B (en) * | 2015-12-30 | 2019-04-16 | 中国科学院长春应用化学研究所 | The method that the revolving method that flows back prepares efficiently non-platinum oxygen reduction catalyst |
CN110404534B (en) * | 2019-07-03 | 2021-03-30 | 浙江大学 | High-efficiency chlorine poisoning resistant volatile organic compound catalytic oxidation catalyst and preparation method thereof |
CN111628187A (en) * | 2020-05-05 | 2020-09-04 | 江苏大学 | Carbon-supported ruthenium oxide catalyst and preparation method thereof |
CN112103520B (en) * | 2020-09-24 | 2022-05-24 | 扬州大学 | Anode catalyst of alcohol fuel cell |
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CN1326816A (en) * | 2001-05-18 | 2001-12-19 | 清华大学 | Method for preparing CO poisoning resisting platinum-ruthenium electro-catalyst |
CN1418725A (en) * | 2002-12-12 | 2003-05-21 | 北方交通大学 | Method for prepn. of electrode catalyst with function of anti-CD and contg. platinum and ruthenium series carried on carbon nanometer tube |
CN1915521A (en) * | 2006-08-09 | 2007-02-21 | 华南理工大学 | Method for preparing catalyst in classes of platinum, carbon in use for fuel cell through solid phase reduction |
JP2007217194A (en) * | 2006-02-14 | 2007-08-30 | Japan Advanced Institute Of Science & Technology Hokuriku | Method for producing surface-modified carbon nano-material and pt-based catalyst |
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CN1326816A (en) * | 2001-05-18 | 2001-12-19 | 清华大学 | Method for preparing CO poisoning resisting platinum-ruthenium electro-catalyst |
CN1418725A (en) * | 2002-12-12 | 2003-05-21 | 北方交通大学 | Method for prepn. of electrode catalyst with function of anti-CD and contg. platinum and ruthenium series carried on carbon nanometer tube |
JP2007217194A (en) * | 2006-02-14 | 2007-08-30 | Japan Advanced Institute Of Science & Technology Hokuriku | Method for producing surface-modified carbon nano-material and pt-based catalyst |
CN1915521A (en) * | 2006-08-09 | 2007-02-21 | 华南理工大学 | Method for preparing catalyst in classes of platinum, carbon in use for fuel cell through solid phase reduction |
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