CN100507040C - Mg-Al series alloy composite grain refiner and method for making same - Google Patents
Mg-Al series alloy composite grain refiner and method for making same Download PDFInfo
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- CN100507040C CN100507040C CNB2007100535317A CN200710053531A CN100507040C CN 100507040 C CN100507040 C CN 100507040C CN B2007100535317 A CNB2007100535317 A CN B2007100535317A CN 200710053531 A CN200710053531 A CN 200710053531A CN 100507040 C CN100507040 C CN 100507040C
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Abstract
The present invention provides one kind of composite grain refiner for Mg-Al alloy and its preparation process. The composite grain refiner has the chemical composition including C 5-15 wt%, calcium 2.8-28 wt% or Ce 3-6 wt%, and Al for the rest. Its preparation process includes the following steps: mixing aluminum powder and carbon powder; pressing into block and stoving, setting inside corundum crucible and covering with refractory powder, isothermal treatment inside a box-type resistance furnace at 1000-1200 deg.c for 30-120 min to prepare intermediate Al-Al4C3 alloy, and remelting together with aluminum ingot and intermediate Al-70 %Ca or Al-10 %Sr alloy to prepare Al-Al4C3-Ca/Sr as composite grain refiner finally. The composite grain refiner can fine grains of Mg-Al alloy obviously.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to metallic substance, particularly relate to a kind of preparation method of Mg-Al series alloy composite grain refiner, the composite crystal grain fining agent of utilization preparation is the crystal grain of refinement magnalium effectively.
Background technology
Mg-Al is an alloy owing to have good castability and certain mechanical property, is present most widely used magnesium alloy series.From the thirties in last century so far, systematically research has been carried out in aspects such as the microtexture of this alloy system and performance.Mg-Al is the alloy casting state tissue by α-Mg sosoloid and second β-Mg mutually
17Al
12Phase composite.β-Mg
17Al
12Be hard crisp phase mutually, with crystal boundary or the interdendritic of irregular net distribution in primary crystal α-Mg phase, when working temperature surpassed 120 ℃, the softening and alligatoring of netted β phase descended the mechanical property of alloy significantly on the crystal boundary.In addition, Mg-Al is the alloy graining wider range, and crystal grain has alligatoring tendency, and is even more serious under the slower casting condition of cooling rate.Realize that by grain refinement technology the miniaturization of tissue is the important measures that improve the alloy material mechanical property.Tiny and uniform ingot casting crystal grain can improve the plastic deformation ability and the comprehensive mechanical property of alloy greatly.In addition, grain refining also has the corrosion resisting property of improvement, improves effects such as resistance to air loss and heat treatment efficiency.Therefore, grain refinement technology becomes the gordian technique that high-performance high-quality magnesium alloy is produced.
Traditional Mg-Al is that the crystal fining method of alloy has carbonaceous to breed method, overheated method and anhydrous chlorides of rase iron processes.Carbonaceous breeds method because service temperature is low, and raw material sources are extensive, become the topmost grain refinement technology of Mg-Al series magnesium alloy, but grain refining effect depend on operating experience.The grain refinement mechanism that breeds method about carbonaceous is still not exclusively unified, mainly contains three kinds of hypothesis:
(1) [Grain refining mechanism of carbon addition method in a Mg-Al magnesium alloy.Scripta Materialia such as Jin, 2003,49:1129-1132] think, carbon has intensive segregation tendency, can greatly influence constitutional supercooling and finally hinder grain growing in the process of setting, thereby cause grain refining.
(2) Japanese scholar thinks, refinement is because C that separates in the carbonaceous and the Al in the alloy and O form Al
2CO compound, and Al
2The line mismatch of CO and Mg is 1.2% only, is the extremely effective heterogeneous nucleus of α-Mg in the magnesium alloy.
(3) the received Al that still proposes by Battelle Memorial Institute research group
4C
3The crystal grain thinning hypothesis is thought and is added carbonaceous compound (as MgCO in magnesium liquid
3, C
2Cl
6Deng) Al chemical combination forms the Al of a large amount of disperses in the nascent state C atom that at high temperature decomposites and the alloy
4C
3Particle, its crystalline structure be close-packed hexagonal and lattice parameter close with α-Mg (with the line mismatch of Mg be 3.8%), Al
4C
3Particle can be used as the heterogeneous nucleus of α-Mg in magnesium alloy in course of solidification, improve nucleation rate, thereby realizes the grain refining of magnesium alloy.
The Al-C alloy can be used as structured material, as carbide reinforced aluminum matrix composites, graphite self-lubricating aluminum matrix composite etc.The creep tendency of utilizing the aluminium carbide even dispersion to be distributed in can to reduce material in the aluminium alloy improves the room-temperature mechanical property of aluminium alloy, also can obtain the good high-temperature thermostability simultaneously, has been widely used in automobile and aviation industry now.Al-C also can be used as master alloy, be hopeful to bring into play positive effect aspect aluminium, the magnesium alloy grains, so material educational circles is devoted to the research and the application of Al-C binary material always.
The most frequently used preparation method of Al-C master alloy has the melt contact reaction method at present, soon the mixture of carbon dust or aluminium powder and carbon dust directly joins in the molten aluminium with the form of powder or prefabricated section, by the heat initiation Al of melt inside and the thermopositive reaction between the C, thereby original position generates Al in melt
4C
3Particle.But since the density difference of low, the C powder of the solubleness of C in Al liquid and aluminium liquid greatly and the problems such as wettability difference of C and Al liquid be difficult to Al in the quantitative analysis resultant
4C
3Content and size.Carry out high-energy ball milling after aluminium powder and carbon dust mixed according to a certain ratio, can bring out the reaction of consolidating between Al-C, synthetic new compound and matrix material.But there are some researches show and only rely on simple mechanical alloying ball milling Al powder and C powder to be difficult to obtain Al
4C
3Compound needs the ball milling for a long time could combination without repetition in other words, and this is unfavorable for suitability for industrialized production.If reaction is more complete, after mechanical alloying, need heat-treat usually.The technical scheme of Chinese patent literature " a kind of fining agent used for magnesium alloy and preparation method thereof " (02135921.0) is: the protective atmosphere that utilizes vacuum or rare gas element; a certain proportion of aluminium powder, carbon dust and magnesium powder mixing block put into more than 700～1000 ℃ the heat treatment furnace insulation 25min, to prepare a kind of magnesium alloy grains agent.
Ca, Sr and Mg belong to II A family alkaline earth element together, and ectonuclear electron number is less, and nucleus is less to the magnetism of valence electron, so alkaline-earth metal has high chemically reactive.The effect of alkaline earth element in magnesium alloy mainly shows as: fire-retardant, improve high-temperature creep resistance and crystal grain thinning.The refining effect of Ca shows as mainly that a spot of Ca atom forms constitutional supercooling in the liquid magnesium alloy in the diffusion layer in the solid/liquid interfaces forward position of alloy graining, makes to be in this potential forming core particle of crossing the cold-zone and to be activated, thereby causes more polycrystalline nuclear crystal grain thinning; In addition, the velocity of diffusion of Ca atom is slower, separates out the obstruction grain growing at the interface, limits its coarsening rate, causes the further refinement of crystal grain.Sr refinement magnesium alloy crystal grain is owing to formed the adsorption film that contains Sr on growth interface, cause grain growing speed to reduce, make melt have the competent time to form nucleus, thereby crystal grain thinning, but also there is the scholar to think that Sr refinement magnesium alloy is because the solid solubility of Sr in magnesium low (about 0.11%), in process of setting, the Sr enrichment can occur in the liquid phase in growth interface forward position, influence the growth kinetics of crystal grain, thereby make grain refining.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is: the preparation method that a kind of Mg-Al series alloy composite grain refiner is provided, it is the preparation method who realizes a kind of with low cost, effect stability and be easy to industrialization under no controlled atmosphere environment, the Mg-Al of preparation is that alloy has good interface with composite crystal grain fining agent, and Al in the fining agent can be effectively controlled in the change of parameter by experiment
4C
3Percentage composition and size.
The technical scheme that the present invention solves its technical problem employing is: utilize and do mixed, briquetting technology, with weight percent is that 80～90% aluminium powders, 10～20% carbon dusts are made prefabricated section, with putting into corundum crucible also with fire-resistant powder landfill after aluminium foil parcel and the oven dry processing, put into chamber type electric resistance furnace subsequently in 1000～1200 ℃ of isothermal processes 30～120min, obtain Al-Al
4C
3Master alloy; Be Al-30～80%Al of 40～80% again with weight percent
4C
3Master alloy and 4～40% Al-70%Ca or 30～60% Al-10%Sr master alloy and aluminium ingot remelting, the aluminium ingot consumption is a surplus, makes Al-30～60%Al
4C
3-3～25%Ca or Al-20～45%Al
4C
3-3～6%Sr composite crystal grain fining agent.
Under household condition (no controlled atmosphere protection) can in-situ preparing Al in the present invention
4C
3, and have the Al-Al of definite percentage composition
4C
3Master alloy, and adding proper C a/Sr on this basis, to prepare Mg-Al be the alloy composite crystal grain fining agent.
The present invention compared with prior art also has following major advantage:
(1) utilize briquetting, aluminium foil parcel and fire-resistant powder landfill effectively to stop the oxidation of reactant, adopt common heating installation, preparation technology is easy, and is with low cost, is easy to realize industrialized mass production.
(2) can effectively control Al by content, temperature of reaction and the time of control synthetics
4C
3Percentage composition and size.Because Al
4C
3Original position is synthesized, is grown up in aluminum substrate, and each thing has good interface and thermodynamic stability mutually in the fining agent.
(3) Al
4C
3In air, be easy to moisture absorption efflorescence and lost efficacy, therefore, utilize follow-up remelting processing can effectively preserve Al
4C
3
(4) Mg-Al after alloy is handled through composite refining agent, can effectively improve the alloy at room temperature mechanical property and obviously improve its plastic deformation ability.
(5) Zhi Bei Mg-Al series alloy composite grain refiner has good grain refining effect and the anti-ageing ability of moving back.The optimal addn of this composite crystal grain fining agent should guarantee Al in the alloy
4C
3Be respectively 0.1～1.0% and 0.1～0.3%/0.05～0.15% with the content of Ca/Sr.
The preparation of the Mg-Al series alloy composite grain refiner that present method can realize is with low cost, easy and simple to handle, effect stability and being easy to is realized industrialized mass production.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the Al-80%Al of 1100 ℃ of insulation 90min preparation
4C
3The X-ray diffractogram of master alloy.
Fig. 2 is that 1100 ℃ of insulation 90min prepare Al-80%Al
4C
3The microstructure of master alloy (SEM).
Among Fig. 2: (a) macrostructure; (b) mirco structure.
Fig. 3 for the composite crystal grain fining agent that adds different content after magnesium alloy scanning electron microscope microstructure.
Among Fig. 3: (a) Az91; (b) AZ91+1.4% (Al-32%Al
4C
3-4%Sr); (c) AZ91+0.5% (Al-35%Al
4C
3-2%Ca).
Embodiment
Mg-Al series alloy composite grain refiner provided by the invention contains aluminium and carbon and calcium or strontium, and the weight percent of each chemical ingredients is: 5～15% carbon, and 2.8～28% calcium or 3～6% strontiums, surplus is an aluminium.
The invention provides the preparation method of Mg-Al series alloy composite grain refiner, that is: be used in mixed, briquetting technology aluminium powder, carbon dust are made prefabricated section, with putting into corundum crucible also with fire-resistant powder landfill after aluminium foil parcel and the oven dry processing, put into chamber type electric resistance furnace subsequently in 1000～1200 ℃ of isothermal processes 30～120min, obtain Al-Al
4C
3Master alloy is made Al-Al with aluminium ingot and Al-10%Sr or Al-70%Ca master alloy again
4C
3-Sr/Ca composite crystal grain fining agent.
Described Al powder purity 〉=99%, granularity≤100 μ m, C powder purity 〉=99.85%, granularity≤30 μ m, aluminium ingot purity 〉=99.95%.
The present invention adopts common chamber type electric resistance furnace to carry out isothermal processes, and the powder original position is synthesized Al-(30%～80%) Al
4C
3Master alloy, and prepare above-mentioned Mg-Al series alloy composite grain refiner by remelting processing, concrete steps are:
(1) weight proportion by 80～90%Al, 10～20%C takes by weighing starting material, does on mixer and mixes 6-12 hour;
(2) to be cold-pressed into relative density under 25～35MPa pressure be 45～55% prefabricated section to the powder after will mixing, and wraps up prefabricated section with aluminium foil, handles in 100～150 ℃ of oven dry;
(3) prefabricated section after will drying is put into corundum crucible, and with fire-resistant powder landfill;
(4) will be embedded with common chamber type electric resistance furnace that the corundum crucible of prefabricated section puts into no controlled atmosphere in 1000～1200 ℃ of isothermal processes, soaking time is 30～120min;
(5) question response is finished and is cooled off the back and take out prefabricated section, can make Al-(30～80%) Al
4C
3Master alloy;
(6) with mass percent be 40～80% Al-(30～80%) Al
4C
3Al-(30～60%) Al is finally prepared in master alloy and 30～60% Al-10%Sr or 4～40% Al-70%Ca master alloy and aluminium ingot (surplus) remelting
4C
3-(3～25%) Ca or Al-(20～45%) Al
4C
3-(3～6%) Sr composite crystal grain fining agent.
In AZ91 magnesium alloy liquation, add 0.3～1.8% Al-(30～60%) Al
4C
3-(3～25%) Ca or Al-(20～45%) Al
4C
3Behind the Sr composite crystal grain fining agent of-(3～6%), make the grain-size of alloy reduce to 65～75 μ m by 96 μ m.
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific examples, but do not limit the present invention.
Example 1:Al-32%Al
4C
3The preparation of-4%Sr composite crystal grain fining agent
(1) is that the carbon dust of 80% aluminium powder and 20% is done on mixer and mixed 6 hours with weight percent, is cold-pressed into relative density subsequently and is 50% prefabricated section, handle and imbed in the corundum crucible with the back oven dry of aluminium foil parcel;
(2) in chamber type electric resistance furnace in 1200 ℃ of isothermal processes 40min;
(3) take out prefabricated section, make Al-80%Al
4C
3Master alloy;
(4) with weight percent be 20% Al ingot, 40% Al-80%Al
4C
3Master alloy and 40%Al-10%Sr master alloy carry out remelting to be handled, and makes Al-32%Al
4C
3-4%Sr composite crystal grain fining agent.
(5) in the AZ91 magnesium alloy, behind this composite crystal grain fining agent of adding 1.4%, can make grain-size reduce to 68 μ m by 96 μ m.
Example 2:A1-24%Al
4C
3The preparation of-5%Sr composite crystal grain fining agent
(1) is that the carbon dust of 85% aluminium powder and 15% is done on mixer and mixed 12 hours with weight percent, is cold-pressed into relative density subsequently and is 46% prefabricated section, handle and imbed in the corundum crucible with the back oven dry of aluminium foil parcel;
(2) in chamber type electric resistance furnace in 1000 ℃ of isothermal processes 120min;
(3) take out prefabricated section, make Al-60%Al
4C
3Master alloy;
(4) with weight percent be 10% Al ingot, 40% Al-60%Al
4C
3Master alloy and 50%Al-10%Sr master alloy carry out remelting to be handled, and makes Al-24%Al
4C
3-5%Sr composite crystal grain fining agent.
(5) in the AZ91 magnesium alloy, behind this composite crystal grain fining agent of adding 1.0%, can make grain-size reduce to 70 μ m by 96 μ m.
Example 3:Al-35%Al
4C
3The preparation of-21%Ca composite crystal grain fining agent
(1) is that the carbon dust of 82.5% aluminium powder and 17.5% is done on mixer and mixed 10 hours with weight percent, is cold-pressed into relative density subsequently and is 47% prefabricated section, handle and imbed in the corundum crucible with the back oven dry of aluminium foil parcel;
(2) in chamber type electric resistance furnace in 1150 ℃ of isothermal processes 90min;
(3) take out prefabricated section, make Al-70%Al
4C
3Master alloy;
(4) with weight percent be 20% Al ingot, 50% Al-70%Al
4C
3Master alloy and 30%Al-70%Ca master alloy carry out remelting to be handled, and makes Al-35%Al
4C
3-21%Ca composite crystal grain fining agent.
(5) in the AZ91 magnesium alloy, behind this composite crystal grain fining agent of adding 0.5%, can make the alloy grain size reduce to 74 μ m by 96 μ m.
Example 4:Al-57%Al
4C
3The preparation of-7%Ca composite crystal grain fining agent
(1) is that the carbon dust of 81.25% aluminium powder and 18.75% is done on mixer and mixed 9 hours with weight percent, is cold-pressed into the prefabricated section of relative density 48% subsequently, handle and imbed in the corundum crucible with the back oven dry of aluminium foil parcel;
(2) in chamber type electric resistance furnace in 1100 ℃ of isothermal processes 60min;
(3) take out prefabricated section, make Al-75%Al
4C
3Master alloy;
(4) with weight percent be 14% Al ingot, 76% Al-75%Al
4C
3Master alloy and 10%Al-70%Ca master alloy carry out remelting to be handled, and makes Al-57%Al
4C
3-7%Ca composite crystal grain fining agent.
(5) in the AZ91 magnesium alloy, behind this composite crystal grain fining agent of adding 1.7%, can make the alloy grain size reduce to 65 μ m by 96 μ m.
Claims (5)
1.. the preparation method of a Mg-Al series alloy composite grain refiner, it is characterized in that utilizing dried mixed, briquetting technology, with weight percent is that 80～90% aluminium powders, 10～20% carbon dusts are made prefabricated section, with putting into corundum crucible also with fire-resistant powder landfill after aluminium foil parcel and the oven dry processing, put into chamber type electric resistance furnace subsequently in 1000～1200 ℃ of isothermal processes 30～120min, obtain Al-Al
4C
3Master alloy; Be Al-30～80%Al of 40～80% again with weight percent
4C
3Master alloy and 4～40% Al-70%Ca or 30～60% Al-10%Sr master alloy and aluminium ingot remelting, the aluminium ingot consumption is a surplus, makes Al-30～60%Al
4C
3-3～25%Ca or Al-20～45%Al
4C
3-3～6%Sr composite crystal grain fining agent.
2. the preparation method of Mg-Al series alloy composite grain refiner according to claim 1 is characterized in that sneaking out in the journey dried, is aluminium powder and carbon dust were done the powder after obtaining mixing mixed 6-12 hour on mixer.
3. the preparation method of Mg-Al series alloy composite grain refiner according to claim 2, powder after it is characterized in that mixing is cold-pressed into relative density under 25～35MPa pressure be 45～55% prefabricated section, wrap up prefabricated section with aluminium foil, handle in 100～150 ℃ of oven dry.
4. according to the preparation method of the described Mg-Al series alloy composite grain refiner of claim 1, it is characterized in that Al powder purity 〉=99%, granularity≤100 μ m, C powder purity 〉=99.85%, granularity≤30 μ m, aluminium ingot purity 〉=99.95%.
5. according to the preparation method of the described Mg-Al series alloy composite grain refiner of claim 1, it is characterized in that in AZ91 magnesium alloy liquation, adding Al-30～60%Al of 0.3～1.8%
4C
3-3～25%Ca composite crystal grain fining agent or Al-20～45%Al
4C
3Behind-3～6%Sr composite crystal grain fining agent, make the grain-size of AZ91 alloy reduce to 65～75 μ m by 96 μ m.
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| CN101774013B (en) * | 2010-02-26 | 2012-05-23 | 华南理工大学 | Composite grain finer for Mg-Al alloy and preparation method thereof |
| KR101895567B1 (en) * | 2016-07-12 | 2018-09-06 | 한국기계연구원 | Grain refiner for magnesium alloy, method of fabricating the same and grain refinement method for magnesium alloy |
| CN106756180B (en) * | 2016-12-01 | 2018-06-08 | 安徽工业大学 | A kind of calcium/magnesia grain refiner and its preparation method and application |
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Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| Mg－9Al基合金组织细化技术及性能研究. 刘生发.武汉理工大学博士学位论文. 2005 |
| Mg－9Al基合金组织细化技术及性能研究. 刘生发.武汉理工大学博士学位论文. 2005 * |
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