CN100500920C - Heat resistance stainless steel and smelting method thereof - Google Patents
Heat resistance stainless steel and smelting method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Heat resisting stainless steel and its smelting process are both disclosed herewith. It comprises (wt%): C 0.05-0.10, Si 1.40-2.00, Ce 0.03-0.08, Cr 20.0-22.0, Ni10.0-12.0, N 0.14-0.20, and Mn 0.4-0.80, with impurities of P not more than 0.040 and S 0.030. It is produced by: (1) pouring mother liquid of stainless steel with C (1.2-2.5) into AOD furnace, (2) decarbonizing to C (0.05-0.10), (3) reducing steel liquid and desulfurizing, (4) floss removing and regulating components of steel liquid, (5) pouring out and adding B-iron and Al cakes, (6) feeding Ce wires, (7) regulating temperature and controlling impurities, and (8) continuously casting. It costs low and has good performance at high temperature.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of heat-resistance stainless steel and smelting process.
Background technology
Because heat-resistance stainless steel has the structure stability under good high-temperature antioxidant property, high temperature life-time service performance (being creep property, enduring quality) and the high temperature, therefore higher to the content requirement of alloy, as common 0Cr25Ni20.Existing smelting process just reaches the purpose of improving stainless high temperature use properties by the method that improves Cr, Ni content when the composition of the common 0Cr25Ni20 of design, and does not consider N, the rare earth element influence to final use properties.Because Ni is noble metal, the price height, therefore existing heat-resistance stainless steel such as common 0Cr25Ni20 smelting cost are higher.
Summary of the invention
Aim of the present invention is in order to overcome the above-mentioned deficiency of existing heat-resistance stainless steel and smelting process, low heat-resistance stainless steel of a kind of cost and smelting process to be provided.
The principle of steel grade of the present invention is the heat-resisting austenitic stainless steel by the alloying of Rare-Earth Ce and N element, because the acting in conjunction of steel middle-weight rare earths Ce and Si has guaranteed that this material still has good antioxidant property at 1150 ℃; And the existence of elements such as N, C and Rare-Earth Ce make it have the creep rupture strength suitable with nickel-base alloy, and N is to brittle.Separate out retarding action mutually, improved the structure stability of material under hot conditions.
Technical scheme of the present invention is the content of N and Rare-Earth Ce in the control stainless steel, and reduced the content of O and S in the stainless steel, thereby guaranteed that alloy has good thermotolerance and good plasticity, has better high temperature use properties than 0Cr25Ni20, obviously reduce the content of Ni simultaneously, save resource effectively, reduced manufacturing cost.
The chemical ingredients of heat-resistance stainless steel provided by the invention (weight) is:
C 0.05%~0.10% Si 1.40%~2.00% Ce 0.03%~0.08%
Cr 20.0%~22.0% Ni 10.0%~12.0% N 0.14%~0.20%
Mn 0.4%~0.80% P≤0.040% S≤0.030%, all the other are Fe and unavoidable impurities.
The smelting process of this heat-resistance stainless steel comprises following sequential steps:
(1) converts steel
The carbon content of furnace melting be 1.2%~2.5%, temperature is that 1400 ℃~1500 ℃ mother liquor of stainless steel is poured in the AOD stove.
(2) decarburization
Top blast oxygen carries out decarburization, and for adding fast response, the AOD nitrogen blowing stirs.Add lime 100Kg/t steel~120Kg/t steel in the carbon rejection process, and rhombspar 30Kg/t steel~40Kg/t steel, relatively institute's molten steel chromium content of converting and regulation chromium content (20.0%~22.0%), when chromium content less than 20.0% the time, the adding high carbon ferro-chrome; When chromium content greater than 22.0%, molten steel reduction back adds carbon steel and dilutes.
Carbon content of molten steel and the analog calculation of steel-making industry general calculation machine are determined blowing oxygen quantity, according to the online analog calculation to carbon content of computer when converting steel, when carbon content is 0.15%~0.2%, measure liquid steel temperature, sampling analysis is confirmed carbon content.
Also can convert the molten steel blowing after 20 minutes~30 minutes, measure liquid steel temperature according to former relevant experience, the sampling analysis carbon content, generally controlling carbon content is 0.15%~0.2% o'clock.
According to the result and the analog calculation of computer on-line continuous of sampling analysis, adjust the blowing oxygen quantity in oxidation later stage, carry out oxygen decarburization; When the carbon content of analog calculation is 0.05%~0.10%, the carbon content of sampling analysis reality.After carbon content reaches requirement, carry out next step operation.
Also can 25 minutes~40 minutes oxidation later stage, measure liquid steel temperature according to former relevant experience, the sampling analysis carbon content, generally controlling carbon content is 0.05%~0.10%, carries out next step operation then.
(3) reduction
Add ferrosilicon 40Kg/t steel~50Kg/t steel in the AOD stove, lime 20Kg/t steel~25Kg/t steel, fluorite 10Kg/t steel~15Kg/t steel reduce and desulfurization to molten steel, continue side-blown nitrogen this moment;
(4) skim, residue adjustment, adjustment molten steel composition
Skim after the reduction, and adding aluminium powder 0.4Kg/t steel~0.6Kg/t steel, adjust slag, measure liquid steel temperature, and the content of sampling analysis molten steel interalloy element, according to result of laboratory test, adjust Si, Mn, Cr, the Ni composition of molten steel by adding ferrosilicon, ferromanganese, ferrochrome and metallic nickel, reach specified requirement.
After adjusting molten steel composition, be blown into argon gas from the portion of AOD stove, the effect of Argon is to remove unnecessary nitrogen in the steel, and makes and keep needed nitrogen content in the steel, and the Argon amount is 1.2m
3/ t steel~1.6m
3/ t steel.Sampling analysis after Argon is finished, when reaching following the requirement, the composition of molten steel (weight) taps immediately:
C 0.05%~0.10% Si 1.40%~2.00% Cr 20.0%~22.0%
Ni 10.0%~12.0% N 0.14%~0.20% Mn 0.40%~0.80%
P≤0.040% S≤0.030%, all the other are Fe and unavoidable impurities.
(5) tapping
During tapping, molten steel is poured into baked ladle from the AOD stove, when tap reached total molten steel amount 1/3, the disposable ferro-boron 0.4Kg/t~0.5Kg/t that adds in ladle added aluminium cake 0.4Kg/t~0.5Kg/t.The temperature and the thickness of slag layer of molten steel measured in the tapping back, and the temperature of molten steel is controlled to be 1570 ℃~1600 ℃, and the gauge control of slag blanket is 180mm~300mm in the ladle.
(6) line feeding
According to molten steel weight feeding cerium (Ce) line, feed quantity is 0.6%~0.7% of a molten steel amount.
(7) adjust liquid steel temperature and carry out Control and Inclusion Removal
In order to carry out Control and Inclusion Removal, after the line feeding, ladle hangs down Argon 50~120L/min strong mixing, and control is not less than 8min the strong mixing time according to liquid steel temperature, after the strong mixing, molten steel is carried out weak stirring, and the argon gas amount is less than 35L/min, and churning time is greater than 5min.When liquid steel temperature reached 1525 ℃~1535 ℃, ladle hung toward continuous casting working procedure.
(8) continuous casting
Molten steel arrives continuous casting platform and gets the finished product sample at ladle, when composition (weight) reaches following the requirement, carries out continuous casting:
C 0.05%~0.10% Si 1.40%~2.00% Ce 0.03%~0.08%
Cr 20.0%~22.0% Ni 10.0%~12.0% N 0.14%~0.20%
Mn≤0.80% P≤0.040% S≤0.030%, all the other are Fe and unavoidable impurities.
Liquid steel temperature generally is controlled to be 1470 ℃~1490 ℃ in the middle ladle of continuous casting, and casting blank specification is 180mm * 1238mm, and pulling rate is 0.75m/min; The crystallizer cooling water inflow is as follows: the leptoprosopy water coolant is 300L/min, and wide water coolant is 2300L/min; Secondary cooling water is 0.85Kg/L.
In order to guarantee the quality of strand, last 10 minutes needs of continuous casting slowly reduce pulling rate, after the water cast of middle Baogang finishes, and the continuous casting operation of binding.
Because the fusing point of rare-earth element cerium is low, rare earth cerium content in the heat-resistance stainless steel of the present invention is higher, and that stainless fusing point is compared with carbon steel is on the low side, the flowability of molten steel is poor, the invention solves the difficult point of the nitrogen alloying of the stable recovery rate of nozzle clogging in the casting process, rare earth composition, high nitrogen stainless steel.
The present invention carries out nitrogen flushing to molten steel and carries out the nitrogen alloying, and the nitrogen content precise control is simple to operate effective.Because nitrogen is the strong austenitic element that forms, and increases nitrogen in steel content, can save expensive nickel metal or nickelalloy, compares with the 0Cr25Ni20 stainless steel, has reduced by 50% nickel, has reduced manufacturing cost.By to deoxidation of molten steel, desulfurization, make entire oxygen content in the steel content less than 30ppm, sulphur content is less than 30ppm, and nitrogen content is 1400ppm~2000ppm; Make by feeding cerium (Ce) line that the content of Ce reaches 0.03%~0.08% in the steel, solved the problem that rare earth element quantitatively adds; Stir by Argon, effectively controlled the inclusion size, the casting blank foreign matter size is all less than 25 μ m.The present invention can accurately control molten steel composition, and makes middle plate thermotolerance and plasticity be better than the 0Cr25Ni20 stainless steel, has than the better high temperature use properties of 0Cr25Ni20 stainless steel.
Embodiment
Describe the embodiment of this heat-resistance stainless steel and smelting process in detail below in conjunction with embodiment, but the embodiment of this heat-resistance stainless steel and smelting process is not limited to following embodiment.
Stainless steel embodiment
The composition of this heat-resistance stainless steel embodiment (weight) is as follows:
C 0.082% Si 1.75% Cr 20.69% Ni 10.65%
N 0.155% Mn 0.67% P 0.024% S 0.001%
Ce 0.048%, and all the other are Fe and unavoidable impurities.
Smelting process embodiment
What present embodiment was smelted is the heat-resistance stainless steel of the foregoing description, and present embodiment adopts the AOD stove, and the volume of this stove is 45 tons, and the weight of molten steel is 43.4 tons before handling, and the temperature of molten steel is 1450 ℃, and the composition of molten steel (weight) is as follows:
C 2.18% Si 0.22% Cr 20.50% Ni 7.34%
Mn 0.57% P 0.025% S 0.033%
All the other are Fe and unavoidable impurities.
The embodiment of the smelting process of this heat-resistance stainless steel is following step:
8:10 is blended into the AOD stove to the molten steel of furnace melting for 43.4 tons, 1450 ℃ of liquid steel temperatures, and beginning top blast oxygen, and side-blown nitrogen carry out decarburization, add high carbon ferro-chrome 2100kg, lime 5000kg and rhombspar 1400kg in the oxygen blast process;
8:33 calculates according to the computer online simulation, stops top blowing oxygen when carbon content is 0.15%~0.2%, continues side-blown oxygen and nitrogen;
The temperature that 9:00 measures molten steel is 1707 ℃, and the content of carbon is 0.13% in the sampling analysis molten steel, and carbon content is higher, continues side-blown oxygen nitrogen;
9:13 is according to the online model analysis of computer, when carbon content is 0.05%~0.10%, and sampling analysis.The content of carbon is 0.07% in the sampling analysis molten steel, and the carbon content in the molten steel is reduced to requirement, stops oxygen blast, continues side-blown nitrogen;
9:17 adds ferrosilicon 2000kg, lime 1000kg and fluorite 600kg reduces, and continues nitrogen blowing;
The temperature that 9:26 measures molten steel is 1678 ℃, and sampling analysis molten steel composition (weight) reaches following requirement:
C 0.064% Si 1.00% Cr 20.96% Ni 10.20% N 0.2900% Mn 0.52%P 0.026% S 0.0037%, all the other are Fe and unavoidable impurities.
Add aluminium powder 20kg residue adjustment, skim subsequently;
9:32 sampling analysis molten steel composition, the composition of molten steel (weight) is as follows:
C 0.064% Si 0.98% Cr 20.92% Ni 10.23% N 0.2929% Mn 0.54%P 0.026% S 0.0037%, all the other are Fe and unavoidable impurities.
Wherein silicon, the nickel composition is on the low side, adds ferrosilicon 350kg, nickel beans 197kg;
The temperature that 9:40 measures molten steel is 1620 ℃, and nitrogen blowing changes blowing argon gas into, Argon 70m
3After, tapping; Go out molten steel in the ladle and be 1/3 o'clock of the superclass water yield, disposable 20Kg ferro-boron, the 20Kg aluminium cake of in ladle, adding.
The temperature that 9:45 measures molten steel is 1590 ℃, and surveying slag thickness is 250mm, and sampling confirms that to molten steel composition after composition reached the control requirement, molten steel arrived the Argon station and carries out refining operation.
The temperature that molten steel is measured at 9:50 Argon station is 1580 ℃, weight according to molten steel is 45.4 tons, feeding contains the rare earth line 900m of cerium 50%, the strong mixing of ladle argon-blown gas is 15 minutes after the line feeding, and argon flow amount is 80L/min, when the temperature of measurement molten steel is 1535 ℃~1540 ℃, control argon flow amount 20L/mi~25L/min stirred 5 minutes, when the temperature of measuring molten steel was 1525 ℃~1530 ℃, ladle hung continuous casting platform, prepared cast;
The 9:58 ladle arrives continuous casting platform, gets the analysis of molten steel sample, and the composition of molten steel (weight) is as follows:
C 0.082% Si 1.75% Cr 20.69% Ni 10.65% N 0.1550% Mn 0.67%P 0.024% S 0.0010%, Ce 0.048%, and all the other are Fe and unavoidable impurities.
The 10:03 continuous casting is unwrapped greatly and is watered, the tundish molten steel reaches middle the unwrapping of 14 ton hours and waters, and tundish begins to add 50kg in the crystallizers in 50 seconds of cast back and plays the notes slag, and casting blank specification is 180 * 1238mm, the leptoprosopy water coolant is 300L/min, and wide water coolant is 2300L/min; Secondary cooling water is 0.85Kg/L.
Middle bag temperature is 1470 ℃, and pulling rate is 0.75m/min;
10:33 is in order to guarantee the quality of strand, and pulling rate is reduced to 0.4m/min from 0.75m/min, after 10 minutes in bag cast finish the continuous casting operation of binding.
Foreign language is explained
AOD stove: argon oxygen mixing decarburization refining furnace, " arc furnace steeling process and the equipment " 438 pages that its structure and smelting process are published referring to metallurgical industry press January calendar year 2001.
Claims (2)
1, a kind of heat-resistance stainless steel, the weight proportion of its chemical ingredients is:
C 0.05%~0.10% Si 1.40%~2.00% Ce 0.03%~0.08%
Cr 20.0%~22.0% Ni 10.0%~12.0% N 0.14%~0.20%
Mn 0.40%~0.80% P≤0.040% S≤0.030%, all the other are Fe and unavoidable impurities.
2, the smelting process of the described heat-resistance stainless steel of claim 1, it comprises following sequential steps:
(1) converts steel
The carbon content of furnace melting be 1.2%~2.5%, temperature is that 1400 ℃~1500 ℃ mother liquor of stainless steel is poured in the AOD stove;
(2) decarburization
Top blast oxygen carries out decarburization, and the AOD nitrogen blowing stirs, and adds lime 100Kg/t steel~120Kg/t steel in the carbon rejection process, and rhombspar 30Kg/t steel~40Kg/t steel, relatively institute's molten steel chromium content of converting and regulation chromium content, when chromium content less than 20.0% the time, the adding high carbon ferro-chrome; When chromium content greater than 22.0%, molten steel reduction back adds carbon steel and dilutes;
Carbon content of molten steel and the analog calculation of steel-making industry general calculation machine are determined blowing oxygen quantity, according to the online analog calculation to carbon content of computer when converting steel, when carbon content is 0.15%~0.2%, measure liquid steel temperature, sampling analysis is confirmed carbon content;
According to the result and the analog calculation of computer on-line continuous of sampling analysis, adjust the blowing oxygen quantity in oxidation later stage, carry out oxygen decarburization; When the carbon content of analog calculation was 0.05%~0.10%, the carbon content of sampling analysis reality after carbon content reaches requirement, was carried out next step operation;
(3) reduction
Add ferrosilicon 40Kg/t steel~50Kg/t steel in the AOD stove, lime 20Kg/t steel~25Kg/t steel, fluorite 10Kg/t steel~15Kg/t reduce and desulfurization to molten steel, continue side-blown nitrogen this moment;
(4) skim, residue adjustment, adjustment molten steel composition
Skim after the reduction, and adding aluminium powder 0.4Kg/t steel~0.6Kg/t steel, adjust slag, measure liquid steel temperature, and the content of sampling analysis molten steel interalloy element, according to result of laboratory test, adjust Si, Mn, Cr, the Ni composition of molten steel by adding ferrosilicon, ferromanganese, ferrochrome and metallic nickel, reach specified requirement;
After adjusting molten steel composition, AOD furnace side blowing argon gas, the Argon amount is 1.2m
3/ t steel~1.6m
3/ t steel, sampling analysis after Argon is finished, when reaching following the requirement, the weight proportion of the composition of molten steel taps immediately: C 0.05%~0.10% Si 1.40%~2.00% Cr 20.0%~22.0%Ni 10.0%~12.0% N 0.14%~0.20%Mn 0.40%~0.80%P≤0.040% S≤0.030%, and all the other are Fe and unavoidable impurities;
(5) tapping
During tapping, molten steel is poured into baked ladle from the AOD stove, when tap reached total molten steel amount 1/3, the disposable ferro-boron 0.4Kg/t~0.5Kg/t that adds in ladle added aluminium cake 0.4Kg/t~0.5Kg/t; The temperature and the thickness of slag layer of molten steel measured in the tapping back, and the temperature of molten steel is controlled to be 1570 ℃~1600 ℃, and the gauge control of slag blanket is 180mm~300mm in the ladle;
(6) line feeding
According to molten steel weight feeding cerium (Ce) line, feed quantity is 0.6%~0.7% of a molten steel amount;
(7) adjust liquid steel temperature and carry out Control and Inclusion Removal
In order to carry out Control and Inclusion Removal, after the line feeding, ladle hangs down Argon 50~120L/min strong mixing, control is not less than 8min the strong mixing time according to liquid steel temperature, after the strong mixing, molten steel is carried out weak stirring, the argon gas amount is less than 35L/min, churning time is greater than 5min, and when liquid steel temperature reached 1525 ℃~1535 ℃, ladle hung toward continuous casting working procedure;
(8) continuous casting steel arrives continuous casting platform and gets the finished product sample at ladle, and the weight proportion of molten steel composition reaches requirement, and when liquid steel temperature is 1470 ℃~1490 ℃ in the middle ladle, carries out continuous casting.
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