CN100491924C - Ultra-remote distributed fiber raman and brillouin photons sensor - Google Patents
Ultra-remote distributed fiber raman and brillouin photons sensor Download PDFInfo
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- CN100491924C CN100491924C CNB2007101568680A CN200710156868A CN100491924C CN 100491924 C CN100491924 C CN 100491924C CN B2007101568680 A CNB2007101568680 A CN B2007101568680A CN 200710156868 A CN200710156868 A CN 200710156868A CN 100491924 C CN100491924 C CN 100491924C
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Abstract
The invention discloses super-far distributed fiber Raman and Brillouin photon sensors; by using the stimulated Raman scattering effect of fiber, the self Raman scattering effect of fiber, the Brillouin scattering effect of fiber and the light time-field reflection principle, distributed fiber Raman photon temperature sensors, distributed fiber Brillouin photon strain sensors and distributed fiber Raman amplifier are integrated together. Fiber consumption is overcome by using the gain of amplifier, and strengths of self Raman scattering light and Brillouin scattering light in fiber is enhanced, the signal to noise ratio of the system of distributed fiber Raman photon sensor and distributed fiber Brillouin photon strain sensor is enhanced, meanwhile, the transmission distances of distributed fiber Raman photon sensor and distributed fiber Brillouin photon strain sensor are increased, finally, the temperature and stress measuring accuracy is enhanced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to very-long-range distributed fiber Raman and Brillouin's photon sensor, belong to the fiber optic sensor technology field.
Background technology
In the distributed fiberoptic sensor field, domestic and international favourable distributed type optical fiber Raman photon temperature sensor with optical fiber spontaneous Raman scattering temperature effect; The distributive fiber optic strain, temperature sensor (the firm Xiaoyi Bao of the Canadian Bao Xiao of University of Ottawa that utilize the Brillouin scattering effect are abroad arranged, distribution type fiber-optic Brillouin strain, temperature sensor (Newson of Southampton, Britain university) that the integrated optical fiber raman amplifier is also arranged the Newson of Southampton, Britain university).Though distribution type fiber-optic Brillouin photon sensor has wide application market, because the spectral bandwidth of optical fiber Brillouin scattering is very narrow, therefore, it is very low to utilize the optical fiber Brillouin scattered intensity recently to measure the precision of strain and temperature.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of very-long-range distributed fiber Raman and Brillouin's photon sensor that helps improving measuring distance and temperature, strain measurement precision.
For achieving the above object, technical scheme of the present invention is: very-long-range distributed fiber Raman and Brillouin's photon sensor pack are drawn together the distributed type optical fiber Raman photon temperature sensor, distribution type fiber-optic Brillouin photon strain transducer, distributed optical fiber Raman amplifier and 100km single-mode fiber, the distributed type optical fiber Raman photon temperature sensor is by semiconductor pulse laser, wave multiplexer, isolator, 1 x, 2 optical fiber bidirectional couplers, fiber grating narrowband reflection wave filter, wavelength division multiplexer, anti-Stokes Raman scattering optical filter, the direct detection system of Stokes Raman scattering optical filter and photoelectricity is formed, distribution type fiber-optic Brillouin photon strain transducer is by cavity semiconductor narrow-band impulse fiber laser, channel-splitting filter, the first narrow band fiber grating filter, the second narrow band fiber grating filter, circulator and Coherent Detection system form, and distributed optical fiber Raman amplifier is made up of pumping optical fiber laser instrument and pumping-signal optical fibre coupling mechanism; Semiconductor pulse laser links to each other with an input end of wave multiplexer, cavity semiconductor narrow-band impulse fiber laser links to each other with the input end of channel-splitting filter, the laser of channel-splitting filter output divides two the tunnel, wherein, one the tunnel links to each other with another input end of wave multiplexer, another road second narrow band fiber grating filter links to each other with an input end of circulator, the laser of the semiconductor pulse laser of wave multiplexer output and the laser of cavity semiconductor narrow-band impulse fiber laser link to each other with an input end of pumping-signal optical fibre coupling mechanism through isolator, another input end of pumping-signal optical fibre coupling mechanism links to each other with the pumping optical fiber laser instrument, the output terminal of pumping-signal optical fibre coupling mechanism links to each other with the input end of 1 x, 2 optical fiber bidirectional couplers, an output terminal of 1 x, 2 optical fiber bidirectional couplers links to each other with the 100km single-mode fiber, another output terminal of optical fiber 1 x 2 bidirectional couplers links to each other with the input end of fiber grating narrowband reflection wave filter, the output terminal of fiber grating narrowband reflection wave filter is connected with the input end of wavelength division multiplexer, the Raman diffused light of anti-Stokes dorsad of each section links to each other with the direct detection system of photoelectricity with Stokes Raman scattering optical filter through anti-Stokes Raman scattering optical filter respectively with the Stokes Raman diffused light on the optical fiber of wavelength division multiplexer output, the Brillouin scattering dorsad of each section links to each other with another input end of circulator through the first narrow band fiber grating filter on the optical fiber of wavelength division multiplexer output, will be carried out importing the Coherent Detection system behind the beat frequency from this flash of light preceding an earthquake of the first narrow band fiber grating filter with from the flashlight of the second narrow band fiber grating filter by circulator.
Principle of work is as follows:
Semiconductor pulse laser, the laser that cavity semiconductor narrow-band impulse fiber laser and pumping optical fiber laser instrument produce is input 100km single-mode fiber after pumping-signal optical fibre coupling mechanism and the coupling of 1 x, 2 optical fiber bidirectional couplers, each section of 100km single-mode fiber gone up the Rayleigh scattering light dorsad of the amplification that produces, dorsad Brillouin scattering and Stokes and anti-Stokes dorsad Raman diffused light be input to fiber grating narrowband reflection wave filter through 1 x, 2 optical fiber bidirectional couplers, utilize fiber grating narrowband reflection wave filter to suppress Rayleigh dorsad (Rayleigh) scattered light that the pumping optical fiber laser instrument produces in the 100km single-mode fiber, the spontaneous Raman scattering light and the Brillouin scattering that allow each section of 100km single-mode fiber go up the amplification that produces simultaneously pass through, and enter into optical fibre wavelength division multiplexer.Here, pumping optical fiber laser instrument and pumping-signal optical fibre coupling mechanism and 100km single-mode fiber are combined into the distributed optical fiber Raman amplifier of a Gain Adjustable, the laser of the semiconductor pulse laser that transmits in the optical fiber and the laser of cavity semiconductor narrow-band impulse fiber laser amplified, strengthened light of spontaneous Raman scattering dorsad of each section on the optical fiber and Brillouin scattering dorsad simultaneously.The light of spontaneous Raman scattering dorsad of each section is divided into two-way on the optical fiber of wavelength division multiplexer output, one the tunnel is the anti-Stokes Raman diffused light, through the direct detection system of anti Stokes scattering optical filter input photoelectricity, another road is the Stokes Raman diffused light, through the direct detection system of Stokes Raman scattering optical filter input photoelectricity, the Raman diffused light of anti-Stokes dorsad that will be recorded by the direct detection system of photoelectricity converts electric signal V to through opto-electronic conversion
a, convert this this Raman diffused light of holder light dorsad that records to electric signal V through opto-electronic conversion
s, by measuring both ratio
Ratio from electric signal
With the relation (seeing formula 1) of temperature, can obtain the temperature at each section place on the optical fiber, thereby obtain the temperature field distribution T in space.
v
a＝v
0+Δv
v
s＝v
0-Δv
K is a Boltzmann constant in the formula, and h is a Planck's constant, v
a, v
sBe respectively anti-Stokes and Stokes Raman scattering frequency, v
0Be the laser of semiconductor pulse laser, Δ v is the frequency of optical fiber molecular vibration energy level.
On the optical fiber of wavelength division multiplexer output each section through strain, temperature modulation Brillouin scattering dorsad through the first narrow band fiber grating filter filtering, output signal light is to circulator, by circulator frequently with the local photo-beat of flashlight and cavity semiconductor narrow band fiber laser instrument by the channel-splitting filter and the second narrow band fiber grating filter, input Coherent Detection system carries out Coherent Detection, measure the frequency shift amount Δ v of Brillouin scattering, obtain the strain information of each section of optical fiber.The optical fiber frequency displacement of Brillouin line dorsad is subjected to the modulation of fibre strain and temperature, on the optical fiber the suffered strain of each section different with temperature, the frequency shift amount Δ v of its Brillouin scattering is also different,
λ in the formula
pBe the optical maser wavelength of cavity semiconductor narrow-band impulse fiber laser, n is the refractive index of pumping wave strong point optical fiber, and v is the speed of optical fiber Elastic Wave, and the change of fiber optic temperature and stress all can cause the variation of speed.
The spontaneous Raman scattering light intensity of 100km single-mode fiber is subjected to the modulation of temperature, the temperature difference of each section on the optical fiber, its Raman scattering light intensity is also different, therefore can utilize the spontaneous Raman scattering temperature effect of optical fiber and optical fiber Time Domain Reflectometry (OTDR) principle to make the distributed type optical fiber Raman photon temperature sensor, come the temperature of each section on the measuring optical fiber by it, thereby learn the Temperature Distribution in optical fiber space of living in.
The present invention determines the temperature of each section on the optical fiber by the distributed type optical fiber Raman photon temperature sensor, obtain the strain of each section on the optical fiber by the frequency shift amount of each section of distribution type fiber-optic Brillouin photon strain transducer measuring optical fiber, position by the position of optical fiber Time Domain Reflectometry (OTDR) principle, obtain the stress distribution in optical fiber space of living in by the strain of each section on the measuring optical fiber each section optical fiber.Be provided with fiber grating narrowband reflection wave filter among the present invention specially and suppress Rayleigh scattering light dorsad, can avoid the operate as normal of the caused Rayleigh scattering dorsad of distributed optical fiber Raman amplifier pump light influence of light optical fiber Raman photon temperature sensor.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
The present invention utilizes distributed optical fiber Raman amplifier to produce the amplification of light in optical fiber, make the cavity semiconductor narrow-band impulse fiber laser in the semiconductor pulse laser and distribution type fiber-optic Brillouin photon strain transducer in the distributed type optical fiber Raman photon temperature sensor constantly obtain the gain of distributed optical fiber Raman amplifier, because Amplifier Gain has overcome fibre loss, spontaneous Raman scattering light intensity and Brillouin scattering have dorsad been strengthened on the optical fiber in each section simultaneously, improved the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of distributed type optical fiber Raman photon temperature sensor and distribution type fiber-optic Brillouin photon strain transducer system, increase the transmission range of distributed type optical fiber Raman photon temperature sensor and distribution type fiber-optic Brillouin photon strain transducer, improved the measuring accuracy of temperature and strain.The present invention has utilized optical fiber stimulated Raman scattering effect dexterously, the optical fiber spontaneous Raman scattering, optical fiber Brillouin scattering effect and optical time domain reflection principle are with distributed optical fiber Raman amplifier and distributed optical fiber Raman temperature sensor, the technological incorporation of distribution type fiber-optic Brillouin photon strain transducer together, position by the position of optical fiber Time Domain Reflectometry (OTDR) principle, realized very-long-range distributed fiber Raman and Brillouin's photon sensor each section optical fiber.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the formation synoptic diagram of very-long-range distributed fiber Raman of the present invention and Brillouin's photon sensor.
Embodiment
With reference to Fig. 1, very-long-range distributed fiber Raman and Brillouin's photon sensor of invention, comprise the distributed type optical fiber Raman photon temperature sensor, distribution type fiber-optic Brillouin photon strain transducer, distributed optical fiber Raman amplifier and 100km single-mode fiber 19, the distributed type optical fiber Raman photon temperature sensor is by semiconductor pulse laser 11, wave multiplexer 14, isolator 15,1 x, 2 optical fiber bidirectional couplers 18, fiber grating narrowband reflection wave filter 20, wavelength division multiplexer 21, anti Stokes scattering optical filter 22, the direct detection system 24 of Stokes Raman scattering optical filter 23 and photoelectricity is formed, distribution type fiber-optic Brillouin photon strain transducer is by cavity semiconductor narrow-band impulse fiber laser 12, channel-splitting filter 13, the first narrow band fiber grating filter 25, the second narrow band fiber grating filter 26, circulator 27 and Coherent Detection system 28 form, and distributed optical fiber Raman amplifier is made up of pumping optical fiber laser instrument 16 and pumping-signal optical fibre coupling mechanism 17; Semiconductor pulse laser 11 links to each other with an input end of wave multiplexer 14, cavity semiconductor narrow-band impulse fiber laser 12 links to each other with the input end of channel-splitting filter 13, the laser of channel-splitting filter 13 outputs divides two the tunnel, wherein, one the tunnel links to each other with another input end of wave multiplexer 14, another road second narrow band fiber grating filter 26 links to each other with an input end of circulator 27, the laser of the semiconductor pulse laser of wave multiplexer 14 outputs and the laser of cavity semiconductor narrow-band impulse fiber laser link to each other with an input end of pumping-signal optical fibre coupling mechanism 17 through isolator 15, pumping optical fiber laser instrument 16 links to each other with another input end of pumping-signal optical fibre coupling mechanism 17, the output terminal of pumping-signal optical fibre coupling mechanism 17 links to each other with the input end of 1 x, 2 optical fiber bidirectional couplers 18, an output terminal of 1 x, 2 optical fiber bidirectional couplers 18 links to each other with 100km single-mode fiber 19, another output terminal of optical fiber 1 x 2 bidirectional couplers 18 links to each other with the input end of fiber grating narrowband reflection wave filter 20, the output terminal of fiber grating narrowband reflection wave filter 20 is connected with the input end of wavelength division multiplexer 21, the anti-Stokes Raman diffused light of each section links to each other with the direct detection system 24 of Stokes Raman scattering optical filter 23 and photoelectricity through anti Stokes scattering optical filter 22 respectively with the Stokes Raman diffused light on the optical fiber of wavelength division multiplexer 21 outputs, the Brillouin scattering dorsad of each section links to each other with another input end of circulator 27 through the first narrow band fiber grating filter 25 on the optical fiber of wavelength division multiplexer 21 output, will be carried out importing Coherent Detection system 28 behind the beat frequency from this flash of light preceding an earthquake of the first narrow band fiber grating filter 25 with from the flashlight of the second narrow band fiber grating filter 26 by circulator 27.
Among the present invention, said semiconductor pulse optical fiber 11 can adopt pulse width less than 30ns, and wavelength is the high-capacity optical fiber laser in semiconductor process Bu Li-Bai Luo (FP) chamber of 1550nm.
Among the present invention, it is 10MHz that said cavity semiconductor narrow-band impulse fiber laser 12 can adopt spectral width, and wavelength is the cavity semiconductor pulse optical fiber of 1555nm.
Among the present invention, it is the high power adjustable optic fibre Raman laser of 1455nm that said pumping optical fiber laser instrument 16 can adopt wavelength.
Among the present invention, said fiber grating narrowband reflection wave filter 20 can adopt reflectivity〉99.5%, isolation the wavelength of 35dB is the fiber grating filter that 1455m, narrow-band spectrum are spaced apart 1nm.
Among the present invention, it is 1450nm, bandwidth that said anti-Stokes Raman scattering wave filter 22 can adopt wavelength〉30nm, isolation〉wave filter of 30dB.
Among the present invention, it is 1660nm, bandwidth that the wave filter 23 of said Stokes Raman scattering ripple can adopt wavelength〉30nm, isolation〉wave filter of 30dB.
Claims (7)
1. very-long-range distributed fiber Raman and Brillouin's photon sensor, it is characterized in that comprising the distributed type optical fiber Raman photon temperature sensor, distribution type fiber-optic Brillouin photon strain transducer, distributed optical fiber Raman amplifier and 100km single-mode fiber (19), the distributed type optical fiber Raman photon temperature sensor is by semiconductor pulse laser (11), wave multiplexer (14), isolator (15), 1x2 optical fiber bidirectional coupler (18), fiber grating narrowband reflection wave filter (20), wavelength division multiplexer (21), anti-Stokes Raman scattering optical filter (22), Stokes Raman scattering optical filter (23) and the direct detection system of photoelectricity (24) are formed, distribution type fiber-optic Brillouin photon strain transducer is by cavity semiconductor narrow-band impulse fiber laser (12), channel-splitting filter (13), the first narrow band fiber grating filter (25), the second narrow band fiber grating filter (26), circulator (27) and Coherent Detection system (28) form, and distributed optical fiber Raman amplifier is made up of pumping optical fiber laser instrument (16) and pumping-signal optical fibre coupling mechanism (17); Semiconductor pulse laser (11) links to each other with an input end of wave multiplexer (14), cavity semiconductor narrow-band impulse fiber laser (12) links to each other with the input end of channel-splitting filter (13), the laser of channel-splitting filter (13) output divides two the tunnel, wherein, one the tunnel links to each other with another input end of wave multiplexer (14), another road second narrow band fiber grating filter (26) links to each other with an input end of circulator (27), the laser of the semiconductor pulse laser of wave multiplexer (14) output and the laser of cavity semiconductor narrow-band impulse fiber laser link to each other through the input end of isolator (15) with pumping-signal optical fibre coupling mechanism (17), another input end of pumping-signal optical fibre coupling mechanism (17) links to each other with pumping optical fiber laser instrument (16), the output terminal of pumping-signal optical fibre coupling mechanism (17) links to each other with the input end of 1x2 optical fiber bidirectional coupler (18), an output terminal of 1x2 optical fiber bidirectional coupler (18) links to each other with 100km single-mode fiber (19), another output terminal of optical fiber 1x2 bidirectional coupler (18) links to each other with the input end of fiber grating narrowband reflection wave filter (20), the output terminal of fiber grating narrowband reflection wave filter (20) is connected with the input end of wavelength division multiplexer (21), the Raman diffused light of anti-Stokes dorsad of each section links to each other with the direct detection system of photoelectricity (24) with Stokes Raman scattering optical filter (23) through anti-Stokes Raman scattering optical filter (22) respectively with the Stokes Raman diffused light on the optical fiber of wavelength division multiplexer (21) output, the Brillouin scattering dorsad of each section links to each other with another input end of circulator (27) through the first narrow band fiber grating filter (25) on the optical fiber of wavelength division multiplexer (21) output, will be carried out importing Coherent Detection system (28) behind the beat frequency from this flash of light preceding an earthquake of the first narrow band fiber grating filter (25) with from the flashlight of the second narrow band fiber grating filter (26) by circulator (27).
2. very-long-range distributed fiber Raman according to claim 1 and Brillouin's photon sensor, it is characterized in that semiconductor pulse optical fiber (11) be pulse width less than 30ns, wavelength is the high-capacity optical fiber laser in semiconductor process Bu Li-Bai Luo chamber of 1550nm.
3. very-long-range distributed fiber Raman according to claim 1 and Brillouin's photon sensor, it is characterized in that cavity semiconductor narrow-band impulse fiber laser (12) is that spectral width is 10MHz, wavelength is the cavity semiconductor pulse optical fiber of 1555nm.
4. very-long-range distributed fiber Raman according to claim 1 and Brillouin's photon sensor is characterized in that pumping optical fiber laser instrument (16) is that wavelength is the high power adjustable optic fibre Raman laser of 1455nm.
5. very-long-range distributed fiber Raman according to claim 1 and Brillouin's photon sensor is characterized in that fiber grating narrowband reflection wave filter (20) is a reflectivity〉99.5%, isolation the wavelength of 35dB is the fiber grating filter that 1455nm, narrow-band spectrum are spaced apart 1nm.
6. very-long-range distributed fiber Raman according to claim 1 and Brillouin's photon sensor is characterized in that anti-Stokes Raman scattering wave filter (22) is that wavelength is 1450nm, broadband〉30nm, isolation〉wave filter of 30dB.
7. very-long-range distributed fiber Raman according to claim 1 and Brillouin's photon sensor, the wave filter (23) that it is characterized in that Stokes Raman scattering ripple are that wavelength is 1660nm, bandwidth〉30nm, isolation〉wave filter of 30dB.
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