CN100485067C - Method for preparing high-strength plasticity aluminum-base composite material by employing TiB2 particles - Google Patents
Method for preparing high-strength plasticity aluminum-base composite material by employing TiB2 particles Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a high-plasticity aluminum-based composite material containing TiB2 particles and a preparation method thereof, and relates to an aluminum-based composite material and a preparation method thereof. The invention solves the problems of the prior art, such as poor plasticity and toughness and difficulty in secondary processing. The composite material contains (by volume) titanium diboride reinforcement particles 10-25 percent, aluminum particles 25-35 percent, and aluminum alloy matrix in balance. The preparation method comprises: (1) weighing titanium diboride reinforcement particles, aluminum particles and aluminum alloy matrix; (2) mixing by mechanical dry method to obtain a reinforcement powder; (3) placing the reinforcement powder in a die and compression-molding; (4) heating the die; (5) melting aluminum alloy and casting in the die; (6) applying a pressure on the die with molten aluminum and maintaining the pressure for a period of time and cooling; (7) demoulding and taking the cast ingot, that is reinforced aluminum-based composite material. The inventive aluminum-based composite material has high plasticity and good wear resistance and is adapted to secondary processing and machining.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the preparation method of reinforced aluminum matrix composites, especially relate to the preparation method of high-strength plasticity particle aluminum matrix composite.
Background technology
Particle enhanced metal-base composites has not only possessed some good characteristics of fiber and whisker enhanced metal-base composites, and have concurrently strengthen body low price, preparation technology easy relatively, be easy to secondary processing, performance and have isotropy and advantage such as wear-resisting, therefore use very extensive.Require in the not extra high environment at specific tenacity, specific modulus, as fields such as Aeronautics and Astronautics structural part, automobile, motorcycle component, textile manufacturing machines, particulate reinforced composite has demonstrated the incomparable superiority of traditional metal materials.Therefore, it will be expected to substitute traditional material in these field parts.Though the research to aluminum matrix composite is very extensive; but mass-producing is at present used and still is difficult to realize; mainly be because compare with traditional material; particulate reinforced composite still exists some problems to be badly in need of solving, and wherein plasticity and toughness are low is to limit the major cause that it is used as the structural part mass-producing.Therefore improve particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material plasticity in recent years and toughness has become one of research focus of this direction.A large amount of studies show that, the adding that fragility strengthens body makes the plasticity of alloy and toughness that in various degree decline all be arranged, especially the plasticity of material with do not strengthen matrix alloy accordingly and compare, low one more than the order of magnitude, this phenomenon makes that not only its security as structural part is difficult to guarantee, more be difficult to realize secondary processing, make some baroque forming parts difficulties.Studies show that, the plasticity of metal-base composites is relevant with following factor: the character, the particulate size-grade distribution that strengthen body, the interface bonding state between particle shape and the matrix alloy and the plasticity of matrix alloy, ag(e)ing behavio(u)r etc., particulate character wherein, and the consistency between the matrix, interfacial state become the principal element that influences matrix material plasticity.Research also shows TiB
2Ceramic particle not only has and is only second to adamantine hardness and modulus, and have and aluminium between good wetting property, and be difficult for and aluminium between surface reaction takes place, be that a kind of ideal aluminium alloy strengthens body.In recent years, the research of TiB2 particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material is increasing, mostly concentrate in the research to the preparation method, be mainly concerned with the preparation method and be: self propagating high temperature synthesizes preparation methods such as (SHS), mechanical alloying (MA), reaction sintering (XDTM), mixing salt reaction method (LSM), melt contact reaction method, pressure-free impregnation method, stirring casting method.TiB among present these materials and the preparation method
2The chemical reaction products of the selection of particle form, content, matrix alloy, particle and matrix etc. maybe can not be effectively controlled.TiB is disclosed among Americana US 6290748 B1
2Two kinds of preparation methods of particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material belong to combining of above-mentioned stirring casting and mixing salt reaction method.First method is earlier with TiB
2Ceramic phase is dispersed in the liquid aluminium (alloy), then with TiB
2Ceramic phase mixes with sodium aluminum fluoride that adds or other fluorochemical powder, then with mixture and aluminium (alloy) 700～1000 ℃ of fusions, be frozen into matrix material.Second method is to generate the TiB of different size by molten aluminum or alloying element (Mg/Ca) with a certain amount of fluorochemical (few than amount in the original position method of formation) reduction reaction in inert atmosphere
2Crystal, TiB
2Distribution of sizes determined by the fluorochemical that adds and the composition and the preparation temperature of aluminium alloy.The advantage of these two kinds of methods is that the optional kind of matrix is many, can generate high-volume fractional and surpass 50% TiB
2/ Al matrix material (volume fraction 0～60%, particulate size can from the micron to the nanometer); Shortcoming is atmosphere (humidity, oxygen level etc.) strict, and is higher to equipment and environment requirement, especially inevitably has the residual of reactant in the matrix material, the composition complexity, thus influence material property, especially the influence to plasticity is bigger.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is in order to solve the existing low problem of particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material toughness: make the plasticity of alloy and toughness that in various degree reduction all be arranged because fragility strengthens the adding of body, especially the plasticity of material with do not strengthen matrix alloy accordingly and compare, reduced by one more than the order of magnitude, this phenomenon makes that not only its security as structural part is difficult to guarantee, more be difficult to realize secondary processing, make some baroque forming parts difficulties; On the other hand, existing TiB
2/ Al composite material preparation process is strict to atmosphere (humidity, oxygen level etc.), and is higher to equipment and environment requirement, thereby inevitably has the residual of reactant in matrix material, the composition complexity, thus influence material property, especially toughness is low.The invention provides a kind of employing TiB
2The preparation method of particulate high-strength plasticity aluminum-base composite material, the concrete technical scheme that addresses the above problem is as follows:
Aluminum matrix composite of the present invention strengthens body particle, aluminum particulate and aluminum matrix alloy by TiB2 to be formed, the body of per-cent TiB2 enhancing by volume particle is 10～25%, aluminum particulate be 25～35% and surplus be that aluminum matrix alloy is made.
TiB
2The particle diameter that strengthens body is 0.5～5 μ m, and the particle diameter of aluminum particulate is 5～10 μ m.
Aluminum matrix alloy is Al-Cu-Mg, Al-Mg-Si or Al-Zn-Mg.
The present invention adopts TiB
2The step of the method for granules preparation high-strength plasticity reinforced aluminum matrix composites is as follows:
It is 0.5～5 μ m that TiB2 strengthens the body particle grain size, and the aluminum particulate particle diameter is 5～10 μ m;
Step 3, place mould inner pressure to make prefabricated section in the enhancing body powder of step 2;
The mold heated to 450 ℃ that strengthens the body prefabricated powder block～600 ℃ is equipped with step 4, step 3;
Step 6, the mould that step 5 is cast with aluminum melt apply the pressure of 5～30Mpa on pressing machine, base aluminum liquation body is infiltrated up to strengthen in the hole between the body powder particle, treats that aluminum melt infiltrates fully to keep-up pressure 10～20 minutes and cooling after strengthening in the hole between the body powder particle;
After step 7, the cooling, ingot casting is taken out in the demoulding, promptly prepares employing TiB of the present invention
2Granules preparation high-strength high-plasticity aluminum matrix composite.
The present invention utilizes the TiB of pressure method of impregnation preparation
2Particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material not only can effectively be controlled the generation (mainly can avoid the residual problems of reactant such as in-situ reaction or mixed salt method) of impurity in the matrix material, and utilizes matrix material that the present invention prepares because TiB
2Particle has good interface to combine with aluminium alloy, and matrix material has the advantage of high strength, high-ductility; Compare with the reinforced aluminum matrix composites of the existing method preparation that utilizes in-situ authigenic, this kind reinforced aluminum matrix composites not only has specific rigidity height, characteristic that specific tenacity is high, and plasticity can be significantly improved, and (table 1 has provided several employing TiB
2The performance of particle high strength, high-ductility reinforced aluminum matrix composites).The present invention adopts TiB
2Particulate aluminum matrix composite composition is simple, clean, and the plasticity height, wear resistance is good and be easy to the secondary processing moulding, meets requirement of massive production.The preparation method of matrix material of the present invention adopts the pressure impregnation technology, and technology is simple, and cost is low, density height, material property height and steady quality.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is TiB under the stereoscan photograph of matrix material of the present invention
2Uniform particles is distributed in the synoptic diagram in the alloy matrix aluminum, and Fig. 2 is the extruding synoptic diagram.1 is pressure head among Fig. 2, the 2nd, and casting chamber, the 3rd, bottom die cavity, the 4th, mould, the 5th, electric furnace.
Embodiment
Embodiment one: present embodiment strengthens body particle, aluminum particulate and aluminum matrix alloy by TiB2 to be formed, and the body of per-cent TiB2 enhancing by volume particle accounts for 10～25%, and median size is 0.5～5 μ m; Aluminum particulate accounts for 25～35%, and median size is 5～10 μ m; All the other are aluminum matrix alloy, and aluminum matrix alloy is Al-Cu-Mg, Al-Mg-Si or Al-Zn-Mg.
Embodiment two: by volume per-cent gets that TiB2 strengthens that the body particle is 10% to present embodiment, aluminum particulate is 35%, all the other make for aluminum matrix alloy.
Embodiment three: by volume per-cent gets that TiB2 strengthens that the body particle is 25% to present embodiment, aluminum particulate is 25%, all the other make for aluminum matrix alloy.
Embodiment four: by volume per-cent gets that TiB2 strengthens that the body particle is 17.5% to present embodiment, aluminum particulate is 30%, all the other make for aluminum matrix alloy.
Embodiment five: the step of present embodiment method is as follows:
It is 0.5～5 μ m that TiB2 strengthens the body particle grain size, and the aluminum particulate particle diameter is 5～10 μ m;
Step 3, place mould inner pressure to make prefabricated section in the enhancing body powder of step 2;
The mold heated to 450 ℃ that strengthens the body prefabricated powder block～600 ℃ is equipped with step 4, step 3;
Step 6, the mould that step 5 is cast with aluminum melt apply the pressure of 5～30Mpa on pressing machine, base aluminum liquation body is infiltrated up to strengthen in the hole between the body powder particle, treats that the aluminum melt body infiltrates fully to keep-up pressure 10～20 minutes and cooling after strengthening in the hole between the body powder particle;
After step 7, the cooling, ingot casting is taken out in the demoulding, promptly prepares and adopts TiB
2Granules preparation high-strength high-plasticity reinforced aluminum matrix composites.
Embodiment six: the difference of present embodiment and embodiment five is step 1, and by volume per-cent gets that TiB2 strengthens that the body particle is 10%, aluminum particulate is 35%, all the other are aluminum matrix alloy; It is 1 μ m that TiB2 strengthens the body particle grain size, and the aluminum particulate particle diameter is 5 μ m; Step 4 is with mold heated to 525 ℃; Step 5 is heated to 850 ℃ with aluminum matrix alloy; Apply the pressure of 10Mpa on the step 6 pressing machine, keep-uped pressure 20 minutes.Other step is identical with embodiment five.
Embodiment seven: the difference of present embodiment and embodiment five is step 1, and by volume mark per-cent gets that TiB2 strengthens that the body particle is 17.5%, aluminum particulate is 30%, all the other are aluminum matrix alloy; It is 3 μ m that TiB2 strengthens the body particle grain size, and the aluminum particulate particle diameter is 7 μ m; Step 4 is with mold heated to 450 ℃; Step 5 is heated to 800 ℃ with aluminum matrix alloy; Apply the pressure of 20Mpa on the step 6 pressing machine, keep-uped pressure 15 minutes.Other step is identical with embodiment five.
Embodiment eight: the difference of present embodiment and embodiment five is step 1, and by volume mark per-cent gets that TiB2 strengthens that the body particle is 25%, aluminum particulate is 25%, all the other are aluminum matrix alloy; It is 5 μ m that TiB2 strengthens the body particle grain size, and the aluminum particulate particle diameter is 9 μ m; Step 4 is with mold heated to 600 ℃; Step 5 is heated to 750 ℃ with aluminum matrix alloy; Apply the pressure of 30Mpa on the step 6 pressing machine, keep-uped pressure 10 minutes.Other step is identical with embodiment five.
Table one, employing TiB
2The performance index of granules preparation high strength, high-ductility reinforced aluminum matrix composites (T6 processing)
| Title material | Elastic modulus G Pa | Yield strength MPa | Tensile strength MPa | Unit elongation (%) |
| (15Vol％TiB 2+30Vol％Al) P/6061Al | 107.1 | 298.8 | 364.1 | 11.2 |
| (20Vol％TiB 2+25Vol％Al) P/6061A1 | 120.3 | 384.9 | 472.6 | 9.8 |
| (25Vol％TiB 2+20Vol％Al) P/6061A1 | 135.7 | 410.3 | 520 | 7.1 |
Claims (3)
1, adopts TiB
2The preparation method of particulate high-strength plasticity aluminum-base composite material is characterized in that the step of this method is as follows:
Step 1, by volume per-cent is got TiB2 and is strengthened that the body particle is 10～25%, aluminum particulate is 25～35%;
Step 2, adopt the mechanical type dry mixed body powder that is enhanced standby the material powder of step 1;
Step 3, place mould inner pressure to make prefabricated section in the enhancing body powder of step 2;
The mold heated to 450 ℃ that strengthens the body prefabricated powder block～600 ℃ is equipped with step 4, step 3;
Step 5, the aluminum matrix alloy of surplus is heated to 750 ℃～850 ℃, aluminum melt is cast in the mould of step 4;
Step 6, the mould that step 5 is cast with aluminum melt apply the pressure of 5～30MPa on pressing machine, base aluminum liquation body is infiltrated up to strengthen in the hole between the body powder particle, treats that the aluminum melt body infiltrates fully to keep-up pressure 10～20 minutes time after strengthening in the hole between the body powder particle;
After step 7, the cooling, ingot casting is taken out in the demoulding, promptly prepares and adopts TiB
2Granules preparation high-strength plasticity reinforced aluminum matrix composites.
2, employing TiB according to claim 1
2The preparation method of particulate high-strength plasticity aluminum-base composite material is characterized in that step 1 by volume per-cent gets that TiB2 strengthens that the body particle is 10%, aluminum particulate is 35%, all the other are aluminum matrix alloy; It is 3 μ m that TiB2 strengthens the body particle grain size, and the aluminum particulate particle diameter is 7 μ m; Step 4 is with mold heated to 525 ℃; Step 5 is heated to 850 ℃ with aluminum matrix alloy; Apply the pressure of 10MPa on the step 6 pressing machine, keep-up pressure 20 minutes time.
3, employing TiB according to claim 1
2The preparation method of particulate high-strength high-plasticity aluminum matrix composite is characterized in that step 1 by volume mark per-cent gets that TiB2 strengthens that the body particle is 17.5%, aluminum particulate is 30%, all the other are aluminum matrix alloy; It is 5 μ m that TiB2 strengthens the body particle grain size, and the aluminum particulate particle diameter is 9 μ m; Step 4 is with mold heated to 450 ℃; Step 5 is heated to 800 ℃ with aluminum matrix alloy; Apply the pressure of 20MPa on the step 6 pressing machine, keep-up pressure 15 minutes time.
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| CN109834273A (en) * | 2017-11-28 | 2019-06-04 | 北京有色金属研究总院 | A kind of preparation method of particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material thin plate |
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| CN109834273A (en) * | 2017-11-28 | 2019-06-04 | 北京有色金属研究总院 | A kind of preparation method of particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material thin plate |
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