CN100478566C - Shape memory composite material hinge driving deploying device - Google Patents

Shape memory composite material hinge driving deploying device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN100478566C
CN100478566C CNB2007100718750A CN200710071875A CN100478566C CN 100478566 C CN100478566 C CN 100478566C CN B2007100718750 A CNB2007100718750 A CN B2007100718750A CN 200710071875 A CN200710071875 A CN 200710071875A CN 100478566 C CN100478566 C CN 100478566C
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shape memory
composite material
main body
resistance
shape
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CN101016891A (en
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冷劲松
刘彦菊
兰鑫
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Suzhou Zhixin Composite Materials Co ltd
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Harbin Institute of Technology
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Abstract

A shape memory composite hinge driving unfold device can resolve the problems as complex structure, high weight, low reliability and large impact. The invention comprises a body 1, a first connector 2, and a second connector 3 which are respectively fixed on two ends of the body 1. The invention has the advantages in simple structure, low weight, high reliability and low impact on system in unfolding process.

Description

Shape memory composite material hinge driving deploying device
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of driving unwinding device.
Background technique
Because the spatial constraints of carrying space aircraft, space flight with deployable solar panel, space flight with deployable antenna, space flight with deployable reflector, space flight usefulness expandable truss, space flight with space deployable structures such as deployable beams, must be folding before emission, when when rail is worked, needing to launch automatically.The expansion driving structure of aerospace craft must have performances such as lightweight, high reliability.Along with the fast development of space technology, satellite communication, radio astronomy and Radar Technology, the demand of aerospace craft deployable structure increases greatly.
Traditional space flight mainly is divided into deployable drive unit: spring hinge driver and motor type machinery control type unwinding device.Spring hinge driver unwinding device is a mechanical structure, and it is made up of a lot of component, mainly comprises: spring, damper, firer separate starting drive, mechanical locking etc.Spring hinge driver is bestowed pretightening force before emission, be fixed on the astrovehicle by compressor arm, and astrovehicle back in orbit relies on the fire-working article blast to cut off depression bar, launches to realize the spring hinge driving structure.The advantage of this expansion mode is that deployed configuration is simple relatively, shortcoming be expansion process uncontrollable, irreversible, have greater impact, reliability low to astrovehicle; Motor type machinery control type unwinding device relies on electric motor driven Machinery Control System to realize launching, and it is made up of a lot of component, mainly comprises: motor, control circuit system, firer separate starting drive, mechanical locking etc.The advantage of this expansion mode is that expansion process is more stable, and is less to the impact that structure causes, and shortcoming is that the development system controlling unit of a whole set of control system work of dependence is many, quality big, reliability is lower.In addition, it is the novel expansion technique that begins one's study in recent years that gas-filled type launches, and it relies on pressurized gas inflating expanded, advantage is little, the light weight of volume, but it is uncontrollable, irreversible, unstable that shortcoming is an expansion process, and gas leaks easily, and expansion process can cause bigger impact to astrovehicle.In addition, the resin on developed surface surface solidify at rail its shape of back keep can be a little less than, have more serious creep and stress relaxation.
Conventional polymer matrix composites are mainly considered static or quasi-static mechanics load-carrying properties such as the intensity, rigidity of material, are mainly used in structural material.And composite material of shape memory is mainly considered driving, the large deformation dynamic mechanics drive performancies such as (finite deformations) of material, but has the recovery strain more much higher than conventional polymer matrix composites (reaching as high as 100% order of magnitude).With respect to the polymer matrix composites of routine, composite material of shape memory is revolutionary innovation.The composite material of shape memory Young's modulus is big, intensity is higher, and deformation-recovery power is bigger, and stability of motions and reliability are higher, and the shape hold facility is better.The development of intellectual material and structure technology, especially the initiatively appearance and the fast development of deformable material such as shape-memory polymer and composite material thereof, for space flight provides brand-new application means with deployable technology, the development of space flight with the aircraft deployed configuration will be promoted greatly.
Summary of the invention
For the shortcoming that hinge driving deploying device complex structure, quality are big, reliability is low, impact is big that solves existing aerospace craft, and a kind of shape memory composite material hinge driving deploying device has been proposed.
The present invention includes composite material of shape memory driving main body 1, first link 2 and second link, 3, the first links 2 and second link 3 and be separately fixed at the two ends that composite material of shape memory drives main body 1.First link 2 and second link 3 are separately fixed at the two ends that composite material of shape memory drives main body 1, and composite material of shape memory drives the composite material of shape memory of main body (1) and is made up of shape memory polymer material, reinforcing phase material and/or resistance material; The volume content of each component material is: 5~98 parts of shape memory polymer materials, 2~95 parts of reinforcing phase materials, 0~100 part of resistance heating material.First link 2 plays the effect that is connected with external devices with second link 3.The main body 1 that drives composite material of shape memory plays the support of hinge structure and drives double action.
The groundwork process of shape memory composite material hinge driving deploying device is: the temperature that composite material of shape memory is driven main body 1 be heated to its more than glass transition temperature after, along horizontal medial axis composite material of shape memory is driven main body 1 and is bent into bent state (0 °<angle≤180 °) with certain angle; Be cooled to below the glass transition temperature under the constraint conditio keeping, treat that composite material of shape memory drives main body 1 sclerosis after, remove constraint, shape memory composite material hinge driving deploying device keeps bending state and does not reply; When launching motion, composite material of shape memory is driven main body 1 heat, the deployed condition before the automatic deformation-recovery of shape memory composite material hinge driving deploying device does not extremely bend promptly realizes the expansion of this device.
Composite material of shape memory of the present invention drives main body 1 by shape memory polymer material, reinforcing phase material and/or bury the resistance heating material that is distributed in wherein and form, the volume content of each component material is: 5~98 parts of shape memory polymer materials, 2~95 parts of reinforcing phase materials, 0~100 part of resistance heating material; More suitably content is 40~90 parts of shape memory polymer materials, 10~60 parts of reinforcing phase materials, 1~99 part of resistance heating material; Optimal content is 50 parts of shape memory polymer materials, 50 parts of reinforcing phase materials, 10 parts of resistance heating materials.
The shape memory polymer material that composite material of shape memory of the present invention drives main body 1 is that polystyrene shape-memory polymer, epoxy resin shape-memory polymer, cyanate are shape-memory polymer, shape memory polyurethane, shape-memory polyester, shape-memory SB, shape-memory using trans-polyisoprene or shape-memory polynorbornene.
The reinforcing phase material that composite material of shape memory of the present invention drives main body 1 is one or more the mixing in graphite fiber, carbon fiber, glass fibre, Kevlar fiber, boron fiber, silicon carbide fiber, carbon black, carbon nano-tube, nickel powder, plumbago, whisker, silicon carbide powder, copper powder, silver powder and the aluminium powder.
The resistance material that composite material of shape memory of the present invention drives main body 1 is one or more the mixing in nichrome resistance material, nickel chromium iron resistance material, siderochrome resistance material, nickel chromium triangle ferro-aluminum resistance material, siderochrome aluminium resistance material, molybdenum resistance material, pure nickel resistance material, copper-manganese resistance material, constantan resistance material, copper nickel resistance material, iron resistance material, copper resistance material, the electric resistance of stainless material.
With respect to traditional spring hinge driver and motor type machinery control type unwinding device, the major advantage of shape memory composite material hinge driving deploying device is:
(1), simple in structure, light weight, reliability height.Composite material of shape memory relies on the hot critical glass transition temperature autoexcitation of material to realize expansion, need not extra complex control system, and structure is comparatively simple.Simultaneously, decision launches the influence factor few (only depending on temperature) of motion, and it is higher relatively that system launches reliability.
(2), expansion process motion is little to the impact of system, especially avoided the beginning moment of launching and launched violent impulsive load in latter stage.Because the material damping of composite material of shape memory self is bigger, launch by the slow self-starting of thermal excitation, the expansion process motion is steadily, and is minimum to the caused vibration of astrovehicle.
(3), the expansion process may command, be convenient to repeat work.Temperature by the control composite material of shape memory can be controlled development rate, and composite material of shape memory has repeatedly heat-mechanical cycles repeatability, and shape memory composite material hinge driving deploying device can repeat work.
(6), driving mode is flexible, the power supply heat driven that shape memory composite material hinge driving deploying device can carry by aerospace craft also can adopt solar energy heating to drive, driving mode is flexible.
(7), the flexibility that has design.
Shape memory composite material hinge driving deploying device can be widely used in space flight, aviation, medical science, building and field of traffic: space flight with the driver of deployable solar panel, space flight with the driver of deployable antenna, space flight with the driver of the driver of deployable reflector, space flight usefulness expandable truss, space flight driver with the deployable structure of the aerospace crafts such as driver of deployable beam; The driver of the aircraft wing of energy arbitrary deformation, the driver of deployable solar panel, the driver of deployable reflector, the driver of expandable truss, the driver of deployable beam, the driver of the artificial-muscle of energy contraction-stretching, extension, the driver of robot, the directional drive of automobile rearview mirror, the driver of the toy of energy arbitrary deformation, the driver of the curtain that can roll automatically-launch, the tail of the bionical fish of energy arbitrary deformation and the driver of fin, the driver of the wing of the bionical bird of energy arbitrary deformation.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of embodiment two; Fig. 2 is the STRUCTURE DECOMPOSITION schematic representation of embodiment three; Fig. 3 is the structural representation of embodiment three; Fig. 4 is the STRUCTURE DECOMPOSITION schematic representation of embodiment four; Fig. 5 is the structural representation of embodiment four; Fig. 6 is the structural representation of embodiment five; Fig. 7 is the STRUCTURE DECOMPOSITION schematic representation of embodiment five; Fig. 8 is the structural representation that the increase of embodiment two has conduction conductor 4; Fig. 9 is the structural representation that the increase of embodiment three has conduction conductor 4; Figure 10 is the structural representation that the increase of embodiment four has conduction conductor 4; Figure 11 is the structural representation that the increase of embodiment five has conduction conductor 4.
Embodiment
Embodiment one: present embodiment is described in conjunction with Fig. 1, Fig. 3, Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, present embodiment drives main body 1, first link 2 and second link 3 by composite material of shape memory to be formed, and first link 2 and second link 3 are separately fixed at the two ends that composite material of shape memory drives main body 1; First link 2 and second link 3 are separately fixed at the two ends that composite material of shape memory drives main body 1; First link 2 and second link 3 are used for the effect that is connected with external devices; The main body 1 that drives composite material of shape memory plays the support of hinge structure and drives double action; The groundwork process of shape memory composite material hinge driving deploying device is: the temperature that composite material of shape memory is driven main body 1 be heated to its more than glass transition temperature after, along horizontal medial axis composite material of shape memory is driven main body 1 and is bent into bent state (0 °<angle≤180 °) with certain angle; Be cooled to below the glass transition temperature under the constraint conditio keeping, treat that composite material of shape memory drives main body 1 sclerosis after, remove constraint, shape memory composite material hinge driving deploying device keeps bending state and does not reply; When launching motion, composite material of shape memory is driven main body 1 heat, the deployed condition before the automatic deformation-recovery of shape memory composite material hinge driving deploying device does not extremely bend promptly realizes the expansion of this device.Present embodiment has improved reliability, the stability of deployed configuration and has reduced its quality.
Embodiment two: in conjunction with Fig. 1 present embodiment is described, it is plate that present embodiment and embodiment one difference are that composite material of shape memory drives being shaped as of main body 1; Other composition is identical with embodiment one with Placement.This shape has simple in structure, high reliability features.
Embodiment three: present embodiment is described in conjunction with Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, present embodiment and embodiment one difference are that composite material of shape memory drives the two inverse surface types of being shaped as of main body 1, the cambered surface side of two curved plates is adjoining, and the longitudinal central axis line of two curved plates is in same plane; Other composition is identical with embodiment one with Placement.That this shape has is simple in structure, driving force is big, good, the high reliability features of structure stability.
Embodiment four: present embodiment is described in conjunction with Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, it is plate that present embodiment and embodiment three differences are that composite material of shape memory drives the two inverse surface folders of being shaped as of main body 1, centre at two curved plates accompanies flat board, and the dull and stereotyped longitudinal central axis line and the longitudinal central axis line of two curved plates are in same plane; Other composition is identical with embodiment three with Placement.This shape has that driving force is big, structure stability is good, high reliability features.
Embodiment five: in conjunction with Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 present embodiment is described, present embodiment and embodiment three differences are that composite material of shape memory drives the four inverse surface types that are shaped as of main body 1, and the cambered surface of four curved plates is tangent in twos; Other composition is identical with embodiment three with Placement.This shape has the advantages that driving force is big, structure stability is fabulous.
Embodiment six: in conjunction with Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 present embodiment is described, present embodiment and embodiment four or embodiment five differences are that the vertical cross-section of longitudinal axis that composite material of shape memory drives the curved plate of main body 1 is circular arc or ellipse arc; Other composition is identical with embodiment four or embodiment five with Placement.
Embodiment seven: in conjunction with Fig. 1, Fig. 3, Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 present embodiment is described, present embodiment and embodiment one difference are that composite material of shape memory drives that main body 1 is bonding with first link 2 and 3 employings of second link, mechanical connection or bonding and being connected that mechanical connection combines; Other composition is identical with embodiment one with Placement.
Embodiment eight: present embodiment and embodiment one difference are that the composite material of shape memory that composite material of shape memory drives main body 1 is made up of shape memory polymer material, reinforcing phase material and/or resistance material; The volume content of each component material is: 5~98 parts of shape memory polymer materials, 2~95 parts of reinforcing phase materials, 0~100 part of resistance heating material; Other composition is identical with embodiment one with Placement.
Embodiment nine: present embodiment and embodiment eight differences are that the volume content of each component material that composite material of shape memory drives the composite material of shape memory of main body 1 is: 40~90 parts of shape memory polymer materials, 10~60 parts of reinforcing phase materials, 1~99 part of resistance heating material; Other composition is identical with embodiment eight with Placement.
Embodiment ten: present embodiment and embodiment eight differences are that the volume content of each component material that composite material of shape memory drives the composite material of shape memory of main body 1 is: 50 parts of shape memory polymer materials, 50 parts of reinforcing phase materials, 10 parts of resistance heating materials; Other composition is identical with embodiment eight with Placement.
Embodiment 11: present embodiment and embodiment eight differences are that shape memory polymer material that composite material of shape memory drives main body 1 is that polystyrene shape-memory polymer, epoxy resin shape-memory polymer, cyanate are shape-memory polymer, shape memory polyurethane, shape-memory polyester, shape-memory SB, shape-memory using trans-polyisoprene or shape-memory polynorbornene; Other composition is identical with embodiment eight with Placement.
Embodiment 12: present embodiment and embodiment eight differences are that reinforcing phase material that composite material of shape memory drives main body 1 is one or more mixes in graphite fiber, carbon fiber, glass fibre, Kevlar fiber, boron fiber, silicon carbide fiber, carbon black, carbon nano-tube, nickel powder, plumbago, whisker, silicon carbide powder, copper powder, silver powder and the aluminium powder; Other composition is identical with embodiment eight with Placement.
Embodiment 13: present embodiment and embodiment eight differences are that the resistance material of composite material of shape memory driving main body 1 is the nichrome resistance material, the nickel chromium iron resistance material, the siderochrome resistance material, nickel chromium triangle ferro-aluminum resistance material, siderochrome aluminium resistance material, the molybdenum resistance material, the pure nickel resistance material, the copper-manganese resistance material, the constantan resistance material, copper nickel resistance material, the iron resistance material, the copper resistance material, the mixing of one or more in the electric resistance of stainless material.
Embodiment 14: present embodiment is described in conjunction with Fig. 8, Fig. 9, Figure 10 and Figure 11, present embodiment and embodiment one difference are to have increased conduction conductor 4, and the end edge place of composite material of shape memory driving main body 1 is provided with two conduction conductors 4 and is connected with the both positive and negative polarity of power supply; Other composition is identical with embodiment one with Placement.
Embodiment 15: present embodiment and embodiment 14 differences are to conduct electricity conductor 4 and are connected in resistance heating material or the reinforcing phase material on graphite fiber or the carbon fiber; Voltage is directly loaded on the conduction conductor 4, make in resistance heating material or the reinforcing phase material graphite fiber or carbon fiber heating composite material of shape memory is driven main body 1 heating, to realize the motion of drive unit from folding contraction state to deployed condition; Other composition is identical with embodiment 14 with Placement.
Embodiment 16: present embodiment and embodiment one difference are that the mode of heating of composite material of shape memory driving main body 1 directly heats composite material of shape memory for the x radiation x that exists by the space space environment, with the motion of realization shape memory composite material hinge driving deploying device from folding contraction state to deployed condition; Other composition is identical with embodiment one with Placement.

Claims (9)

1, shape memory composite material hinge driving deploying device, it is characterized in that it comprises that composite material of shape memory drives main body (1), first link (2) and second link (3), first link (2) and second link (3) are separately fixed at the two ends that composite material of shape memory drives main body (1), and composite material of shape memory drives the composite material of shape memory of main body (1) and is made up of shape memory polymer material, reinforcing phase material and/or resistance material; The volume content of each component material is: 5~98 parts of shape memory polymer materials, 2~95 parts of reinforcing phase materials, 0~100 part of resistance heating material.
2, shape memory composite material hinge driving deploying device according to claim 1, what it is characterized in that composite material of shape memory drives main body (1) is shaped as plate, two inverse surface types, the plate or four inverse surface types of two inverse surface folder.
3, shape memory composite material hinge driving deploying device according to claim 2 is characterized in that the vertical cross-section of longitudinal axis that composite material of shape memory drives the curved plate of main body (1) is circular arc or ellipse arc.
4, shape memory composite material hinge driving deploying device according to claim 1 is characterized in that composite material of shape memory drives that main body (1) is bonding with first link (2) and second link (3) employing, mechanical connection or bonding and being connected that mechanical connection combines.
5, shape memory composite material hinge driving deploying device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the volume content of each component material that composite material of shape memory drives the composite material of shape memory of main body (1) is: 40~90 parts of shape memory polymer materials, 10~60 parts of reinforcing phase materials, 1~99 part of resistance heating material.
6, shape memory composite material hinge driving deploying device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the volume content of each component material that composite material of shape memory drives the composite material of shape memory of main body (1) is: 50 parts of shape memory polymer materials, 50 parts of reinforcing phase materials, 10 parts of resistance heating materials.
7, shape memory composite material hinge driving deploying device according to claim 1 is characterized in that shape memory polymer material that composite material of shape memory drives main body (1) is that polystyrene shape-memory polymer, epoxy resin shape-memory polymer, cyanate are shape-memory polymer, shape memory polyurethane, shape-memory polyester, shape-memory SB, shape-memory using trans-polyisoprene or shape-memory polynorbornene; The reinforcing phase material that composite material of shape memory drives main body (1) is one or more the mixing in graphite fiber, carbon fiber, glass fibre, Kevlar fiber, boron fiber, silicon carbide fiber, carbon black, carbon nano-tube, nickel powder, plumbago, whisker, silicon carbide powder, copper powder, silver powder and the aluminium powder The resistance material that composite material of shape memory drives main body (1) is one or more the mixing in nichrome resistance material, nickel chromium iron resistance material, siderochrome resistance material, nickel chromium triangle ferro-aluminum resistance material, siderochrome aluminium resistance material, molybdenum resistance material, pure nickel resistance material, copper-manganese resistance material, constantan resistance material, copper nickel resistance material, iron resistance material, copper resistance material, the electric resistance of stainless material.
8, shape memory composite material hinge driving deploying device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that having increased conduction conductor (4), the end edge place that composite material of shape memory drives main body (1) is provided with two conduction conductors (4) and is connected with the both positive and negative polarity of power supply, and the conductor (4) that conducts electricity is connected in resistance heating material or the reinforcing phase material on graphite fiber or the carbon fiber.
9, shape memory composite material hinge driving deploying device according to claim 1 is characterized in that the mode of heating of composite material of shape memory driving main body (1) directly heats composite material of shape memory for the x radiation x that exists by the space space environment.
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