CN100470022C - Serial ouput-power increasing method by IC. engine gas heat-consumption convertion - Google Patents

Abstract

This invention relates to a series method for increasing output power by converting diesel combustion heat loss including: an ignition cosine rule combustion method means to convert the original one time combustion to many times of chamber-combined combustion to generate harmonic vibration of cosine boosting harmonic piston, 2. a diesel isolation part lining heat absorption steam tension method is to absorb the heat absorption loss and discharge heat loss of related parts to convert them to effective power.

Description

Internal-combustion engine combustion gas heat waste is converted to the method that improves outputting power

Affiliated technical field

The present invention relates to the conversion using of internal-combustion engine gas heat quantity loss.Improve the method for outputting power, especially can improve the thermal efficiency of internal-combustion engine.

Background technique

At present, known internal-combustion engine is to utilize fuel to burn in cylinder combustion, heat release produces the expansion of high-temperature high-pressure fuel gas, push piston rotary crankshaft and outputting power, and developing into advanced technologies such as adopting automatically controlled and turbosupercharging. the characteristics of its crankshaft ﹠ connecting are: bent axle can be exported rotation more at the uniform velocity, and piston is done harmonic vibration:

Motion equation X=ACOS (the ω of harmonic vibration ₀T+ φ)

Speed mode υ=the ω of harmonic vibration ₀ASin (ω ₀T+ φ)

The acceleration formula α=ω of harmonic vibration ₀ ²ACOs (ω ₀T+ φ)

Fig. 1 is the displacement of harmonic vibration, the comparison diagram of speed acceleration.The diagram X (t), ν (t) and α (t) in same coordinate, three's period T ₀Identical.The position is different mutually, and phase difference is arranged, and this just makes that piston is zero by the speed that cosine rule to-and-fro motion, particularly piston run to two-end-point (top dead center, lower dead center), and displacement and acceleration maximum do not produce bump to mechanism, prolong mechanism's service life.According to chemical reaction velocity, mass action law υ=K[A] ^a[B] ^bWith the Arrhenius formula $K=A{e}^{-\frac{\mathrm{Eo}}{\mathrm{RT}}},$ Piston Compression is during to top dead center, and fuel and pressurized air are depressed into the pressure maximum, and temperature is the highest, the concentration maximum, so reasonably the chemical reaction velocity of the fuel combustion of ignition angle or oil spout angle is more fierce, burning quality is better.But existing problems are: reactant is at a big overall space---the cylinder internal reaction, the resultant combustion gas has the effect of isolation from oxygen to fuel, the carrying out that about card reacts." afterburning " and discharging why occurring, to have in the composition HC, C, CO and combustion gas isolation fuel to contact with oxygen relevant, and the reaction the when amount of cylinder internal reaction thing is too big is subjected to the constraint of resultant voluntarily; The existing shortcoming of piston crank mechanism as the main member of motor is: according to the combustion process diagram of the diesel fuel among Fig. 2 (referring to " tractor " book number 15091.135 the 132nd that publish in December, 1976---four periods of 133 pages inflammable mixture combustion process), diagram gas pressure F _pCrank angle θ, be compression Y before 1, by 1 o'clock to 3 o'clock a period of time with 4 intermediate point be injection duration t, 4 later is expansion P, 1 to 2 is incubation period, by 2 o'clock to 3 o'clock was quick burning period, by being deflagration period at 3 o'clock to 4 o'clock, inflammable mixture mainly burns After Top Center before 20 ° of the crank angles to after-burning afterburning period after 4.The pressure that combustion gas occurs 3 o'clock by 4 o'clock, reach peak, not only soon but also violent, the burning tremolo knocked stronger in the burning expansion, the push piston effect is also maximum, this just makes piston descending fast.By above-mentioned piston harmonic vibration rule, atdc crank angle hour (before 20 a ° of corners) piston is just placing top dead center after a while, resonant speed is still very low, so this combustion does not meet the moving rule of the humorous pick of piston, can make mechanism's part produce bump, vibration, serious engine knock, rough running, and because the harmonic vibration rule of piston and the structure of crankshaft-link rod, the effect that makes combustion gas promote the power of piston can not all transfer the output torque of bent axle to, Fig. 3 shows top dead center crank angle θ, length of connecting rod a, the long r of crank, if the long b of vertical line, then:

$\sin \mathrm{\θ}=\frac{b}{r},$ b＝rsinθ， $\sin \mathrm{\β}=\frac{b}{a},$ b＝asinβ,

∴ $\sin \mathrm{\β}=\frac{r}{a}\·\sin \mathrm{\θ},$ θ ¹＝90°-θ， α＝90°-β0，

∴ φ ¹=φ=180 °-(α+θ ¹)=θ+β, the relation M=rFsin of ∴ output torque (θ+β), the M value is rised in value greatly in the change of 0 ° of-70 ° of scope with the value of the crank angle θ of atdc, but in θ value about 20 ⁰Crank angle after a while, burning finishes basically, not only gaseous-pressure does not increase, also because descent of piston obviously descends pressure.And 20 ⁰Crank angle before the burning pressure maximum effect of giving birth to mostly consume and radially pushing away the component F of bent axle ₂, F ₂Not only can not make bent axle produce torque M.And the effect that mechanism has been strengthened friction (irreversible process) and damageability.F ₂Bent axle is fractureed, connecting rod bending, bearing shell damage etc.And corresponding torque force F ₁Really very little, it is little to overcome extraneous resistance (load) degree, and outputting power is very little, and just extraneous less load just can stop descent of piston, and the resonance rule of above-mentioned piston in addition makes atdc crank angle 20 ⁰Before mainly burning expansion effect trend heat degree of conversion is big rapidly, can regard the process that isothermal compression is arranged as, that is:

Make that parts heat absorption conduction loss degree is big, big with toxic emission to the thermal loss in the low-temperature heat source atmosphere.Parts heat absorption conduction loss.Not adiabatic wall (referring to " tractor " book number in December, 15091.138,1976 front page, the thermal equilibrium of the 51st page of motor) also because directly contact relevant parts with combustion gas.Make that the efficient and the phase of hot machine are much lower with high temperature heat source circuit Carnot Engine efficient, that is:

η _{Hot sail}＜η _{The Kano}, or $\frac{Q_1-Q_2}{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="Q"\; filenames="C03143930E00091.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">Q</figure-callout>}}_1}<\frac{T_1-T_2}{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="T"\; filenames="C03143930E00091.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">T</figure-callout>}}_1}$

Above-mentioned merit heating.Strengthened parts heat absorptions conduction loss and discharging thermal loss, be preheating to earlier more than 374 ℃, be enough to produce superheated vapor and promote small steam turbine and rotate, but strengthen equipment cost if utilize 90 ℃ water of cooling system to flow into earlier in the heat exchanger of sample tracheae.The volume of increase motor, weight etc. are a problem.

Summary of the invention

Decrease for the parts heat absorption conduction loss and the handful heat release that reduce internal-combustion engine, improve the output torque, the invention provides internal-combustion engine combustion gas heat waste conversion raising outputting power method, the expansion trend heat conversion that can not only reduce combustion gas is scattered and disappeared.And can utilize the heat of ' reversible process ' of combustion gas heat waste to change, with further raising outputting power, realize the internal-combustion engine of energy-saving high efficiency: the method for series has: 1, the cosine rule burning method of cosine rule burning method series (1) compression ignition internal combustion engine; (2) the cosine rule burning method of ignition internal combustion engine; 2, internal-combustion engine isolation parts lining heat absorption vapor pressure method series (1) working medium is the rocket nose section isolation parts lining heat absorption vapor pressure method of hot machine isolation parts lining heat absorption vapor pressure method (2) the atmospheric layer high speed flight of combustion gas:

The present invention solves the series technical project that its technical problem adopts:

1, cosine rule burning method series

The method of the harmonic vibration rule barrier burning of piston is pressed in the fuel combustion of internal-combustion piston engine.Be exactly in each working cylinder of internal-combustion engine, to keep under the constant prerequisite of former combustion chamber volume and compression ratio, the firing chamber is divided into two or three burning locellus, oil nozzle or spark plug are correspondingly also set up identical number, and divide the first burning locellus, the second burning locellus, the 3rd burning locellus in proper order by each burning locellus volume size, the first burning locellus volume minimum, the 3rd burning locellus volume maximum.Locellus is provided with the stroke of number and motor, and rotating speed is relevant, and the number of the little stroke of high speed is few, and the number of the big stroke of low speed is many.Piston is pressed and is wiped to top dead center, the first burning locellus catches fire earlier, generation is higher than the combustion gas of the compression gas-pressure of compression stroke, the pressurized air of not participating in combustion reaction that combustion gas simultaneously promotes the piston head space flows, make a part enter second and third burning locellus, improved the compression gas-pressure of locellus, the pressure effect of combustion gas drives crankshaft rotating 20 ⁰During corner, second burns locellus under the gas pressure state of the first burning locellus,

Fire produces the combustion gas air pressure greater than the first burning locellus, and burning quality is good, more fierce than the first burning locellus, and burning speed is faster carried out, that is: υ=K[A] ^a[B] ^b, the best combustion greatly of preface the 3rd burning locellus successively thus.Burning institute produces an air pressure of pressing the rising of cosine rule and mutually harmonious with the harmonic vibration of piston successively, and the cosine rule by the curve of Fig. 4 increases process exactly, at crank angle by atdc 5 ⁰-70 ⁰The time, gaseous-pressure carries out the transition at 2 by 1 and rises to 3 peaks, produces output torque maximum, promptly; (value of θ+β) is maximum, makes the thrust of combustion gas not be subjected to the harmonic vibration impedance of piston, is undertaken by the process of trend Carnot's cycle, correspondingly reduces the conversion of the thrust trend heat of combustion gas, makes it to be converted to effective merit, that is: for M=rFsin

Reduced parts heat absorption degree simultaneously and reduced exhaust to take away heat loss.Having of series: comprise piston reciprocating type, the rotary triangle piston formula, the Deformed piston machine, gear, ring gear, crankless engine can be divided into compression-ignited and ignition internal combustion engine; The compression ignition internal combustion engine locellus that respectively burns circulates mutually by the piston head space; The ignition internal combustion engine locellus that respectively burns, first locellus communicates with the piston head space, it is not connected that second and third locellus all has valve to close, but corresponding which locellus when catching fire the valve of which locellus open earlier and communicate with the piston head space.

2. isolate parts lining heat absorption vapor pressure method series

When directly contacting with high-temperature fuel gas, adopts on the piston-type internal combustion engine cylinder lid method of lining on the main inwall, by liner structure conversion using is lost in former parts heat absorption: this lining can partly be isolated the parts free time thermal loss that directly contacts with high-temperature fuel gas, can also reduce gas heat quantity and directly be absorbed conduction loss in a large number by parts.There is the net guide-tube structure lining inside, and lining can absorb the heat that is equivalent to former parts heat absorption conduction loss, and and former parts between thermal insulation layer is arranged, the parts heat absorption is stored in the liner structure for the time being, each is logical with combustion gas for net conduit in the liner structure, in the atdc expansion stroke, and crank angle 90 ⁰During the left and right sides, spray nozzle high-pressure injection quantitative liquid is as H ₂O (I) or CO ₂(I), N ₂(I), He (I) etc. enters in the net conduit of liner structure, and is subjected to thermal evaporation, vaporization after absorbing the heat of lining.And outside net guide hole ejection lining, enter the combustion gas, promptly make lining obtain cooling, produce certain vapor tension again and participate in the combustion gas, and absorb a part of heat of combustion gas, make the combustion gas cooling reach mixed thermal equilibrium state.Mix preceding high-temperature fuel gas pressure greatly but participate in mixed total gas pressure, increase the thrust of combustion gas, and crank angle is just putting 90 ⁰About, (θ+β) value reaches maximum, has improved the effective merit of output, correspondingly parts heat absorption conduction loss and emission loss heat is converted to effective merit, that is: to make output torque M=rFSin

Be the jetting liquid molal quantity.

This method is exactly the combustion gas heat waste to be exchanged return to produce steam, and lining can be regarded steam boiler as, and the piston cylinder connecting rod is the common mechanism of internal-combustion engine and steamer, promptly is that internal-combustion engine is again that steamer is difunctional.If employed liquid is H ₂O (I) then can utilize 90 ℃ of cooling system water tank elder generation preheatings to enter high-pressure service pump and spray into through spray nozzle and further utilize parts to scatter and disappear in the net conduit and discharging is scattered and disappeared.The method that adopts the lining water spray in line with delivery temperature in the principle more than 374 ℃, so can be in the inner acid droplet that forms of parts, because lining and inner net conduit thereof directly contact with pressurized gas and high-temperature high-pressure fuel gas, so net catheter interior temperature can reach thousands of degree, surpass 374 ℃ of the transition point of water, and cylinder combustion air pressure is lower than 218.5 barometric pressure (combustion gas air pressure is at 90-120 barometric pressure), guarantees the vaporization of the water of certain mass.Spray H ₂The quality m of O (I) ₂After, reach thermal equilibrium with the net conduit earlier, produce T ₂The H of temperature ₂O(g), the steaming pressure value P that is produced _SteamBe combustion gas air pressure

With H ₂The vapour tension of O (g)

Sum is promptly:

T is the temperature of high-temperature fuel gas, the volumetric gas when V is a Piston Compression to the crank angle of top dead center after-burning material finishing combustion.The cylinder combustion atmospheric pressure value is actually the compression gas-pressure P of compression stroke _PressWith gas pressure sum, that is: P=P _Combustion+ P _Press, eject its equation of state group of steam in the net conduit and be:

Q ₁Decrease suitable heat for the parts heat absorption, generally get less than parts heat absorption damage value and calculate C ₁, m ₁, t _NetBe respectively specific heat, the quality of lining net conduit, the temperature in cylinder: m ₂, μ ₃, Be respectively hydrojet H ₂The quality of O (1), molal weight, the hot volume of passenger traffic of constant volume mole during thermal equilibrium, 363 ⁰K is H ₂O (I) or C ₂O (I) is in the cooling system water tank or the temperature that is preheated of outlet pipe heat exchange.This set of equation can be asked m ₂t ₂Value: m ₂, t ₂Be in state (t ₂+ 273,

, V), the ejection participate in the high-temperature fuel gas, reach new thermal equilibrium with high-temperature fuel gas, its equation of state group is:

Can try to achieve the temperature T after the balance ₃And H ₂O (g) participates in the heat Q that absorbs combustion gas in the combustion gas ₂Value, the water spray and the thermal equilibrium state of combustion gas mixing can be regarded isochoric change as and mix back m thus ₂H ₂O (g) state (T ₃, PH ₂O

); Combustion gas state (T ₃,

V),

Get by Dalton'law of partial pressure

Trying to achieve the P value should be greater than P _Combustion, that is:

P〉P _Combustion,

The supercharging value of the P that is produced is m ₂H ₂O (I) absorbs in lining and is equivalent to parts heat absorption damage Q ₁After, be vaporizated into H ₂O (g), and participate in the high-temperature fuel gas, absorption is equivalent to the heat loss Q that exhaust is taken away once more ₂After, reach that thermal equilibrium produces.m ₂Value is the optimum value of selecting for use by calculating, works as m ₂When value is more much bigger than calculated value, total gas pressure value P＜P behind the thermal equilibrium state of Chan Shenging then _CombustionWork as m ₂When value and calculated value are much smaller, then to total amount of heat loss Q _Decrease=Q ₁-Q ₂Utilization ratio low, supercharging is not obvious.Because the net conduit that is occurred in the manufacturing and designing of net conduit is oversize, or the lining carbon distribution that occurs in the work operation process too much waits and makes the lining quantity of heat storage Q that absorbs heat _CombustionBe worth too little; And major part is trapped in the net conduit after vaporizing liquid occurring, just reduces the temperature of lining, reaches cooling, but supercharging is not obvious, and inhibition is played in next circuit burning, so the design of lining, make the problems such as cooling contraction of also taking an examination and filtering lining, and m ₂The selection of value is most important.Realizing of series: (1) working medium is the hot machine of combustion gas, and as jet engine, heat absorption of parts such as rocket jet engine and the conversion of discharging high temperature heat waste promptly make parts reach injection kinetic energy and thrust that cooling improves combustion gas again; (2) rocket of atmosphere high speed flight, the head lining of aerospace craft etc. reaches cooling, the effect of boosting.

Beneficial effect of the present invention is: on existing internal-combustion engine and other hot mechanism technology for making basis, reduce gas heat quantity and scatter and disappear, conversion improves the heat that utilizes combustion gas, improves outputting power, realizes the hot machine of energy-saving high efficiency.

Description of drawings

The present invention is further described below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.

Fig. 1 is displacement, the speed of harmonic vibration, the comparison diagram of acceleration;

Fig. 2 is the combustion process figure of diesel fuel.

Fig. 3 is the crankshaft ﹠ connecting rotational power output situation map of internal-combustion engine:

Fig. 4 is that motor fuel is mutually harmonious with the piston harmonic vibration by the gas pressure that the burning of cosine rule is produced, and presses cosine rule rising figure.

Fig. 5 is the sectional view of first embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 6 is the sectional view of second embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 7 is the sectional view of third embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 8 is the A-A sectional drawing of third embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 9 is the insight structural map of four embodiment of the invention.

1, the first burning locellus among the figure, 2, the second burning locellus, the 3, the 3rd burning locellus, 4, the straight oil nozzle of the first burning locellus, locellus whirlpool oil nozzle is watered in 5, second combustion, the straight oil nozzle of the 6, the 3rd burning locellus, 7, control valve, 8, burning locellus igniter, 9, the parts inwall, 10, confinement house, 11, lining, 12, net conduit, 13, spray nozzle, 14, the conduit steam nozzle.

Embodiment:

In first embodiment shown in Figure 5, for compression ignition internal combustion engine, the first burning locellus 1 is respectively ganged up by the piston head compression volume mutually with second burning locellus 2 the 3rd burning locellus 3, and the volume of each locellus and fuel injection quantity account for respectively: first locellus 1 that burns accounts for

The second burning locellus 2 accounts for

The 3rd burning locellus 3 accounts for

The oil spout angle of the straight oil nozzle 4 of the first burning locellus 1 is the crank angle of 10 ° of budc; The oil spout angle of the whirlpool oil nozzle 5 of the second burning locellus 2 is 20 °-25 ° of atdc crank angles; It is 40 °-45 ° of atdc crank angles that the 3rd burning divides the oil spout angle of stopping up 3 straight oil nozzles.

In second embodiment shown in Figure 6, for the second burning locellus 2 of ignition internal combustion engine a control valve 7 is set, and the unlatching by control valve 7, closes and realize and the ganging up of the first burning locellus 1 with obstructed.The open and close of control valve 7 guarantee the succession of the burning of each locellus, and control valve 7 and do not clash mutually with piston head, guarantee that simultaneously the volume and the fuel quantity of each locellus of work of other stroke accounts for respectively: the first burning locellus 1 accounts for

, the second burning locellus 2 accounts for

As the 3rd burning locellus 3 is set in the fruit structure, then the shared ratio of each locellus designs by first embodiment's ratio.The first burning locellus, 1 ignition angle is 5 °-7 ° of atdc.Crank angle is lighted a fire when Gou two burning locellus 2 firing angle cover for 25 ° of-27 ° of crank angles of atdc.

In Fig. 7 and the 3rd embodiment shown in Figure 8, with working medium is in the hot machine of combustion gas, between lining 11 and the parts inwall 9 separation layer 10 is set, and combine closely each other, net conduit 12 1 ends seal connection mutually with spray nozzle 13, and gang up mutually with the high-temperature high-pressure fuel gas in the firing chamber by the other end conduit steam nozzle 14, when high-temperature high-pressure fuel gas key head direction in figure flows, heat is passed to lining 11 and in-house network conduit 12 thereof, liquid heat absorption evaporation is participated in the combustion gas from 14 ejections of net conduit vapor vent along net conduit 12 interior key head directions go.

In the 4th embodiment shown in Figure 9, lining 11 structures for internal-combustion engine, mainly tight mutually jail serves as a contrast on the firing chamber inwall 9 that directly contacts with combustion gas on the cylinder cap, net conduit 12 is ganged up with combustion gas mutually by conduit steam nozzle 14, net conduit 12 the other ends and spray nozzle 13 sealings are connected, in each circulation, lining 11 absorbs the heat Q of the parts absorption that is equivalent to this position ₁, and make in the buffer action for the time being of separation layer 10 and to absorb heat and store for the time being, when the fierce fully burning of fuel when finishing, spray nozzle 13 high pressure jet qualities are m ₂Liquid, as H ₂O (I) or He (I) etc., the heat Q that the major part of absorption lining 11 stores in net conduit 12 ₁Produce vapor tension P _Combustion, and eject from catheter nozzle 14, participate in the combustion gas, absorb the most of heat waste Q that exhaust is scattered and disappeared that is equivalent to of combustion gas ₂, produce supercharging P _H2OThe stagnation pressure of combustion gas air pressure P coexistence apply piston is during (g), and with thermal equilibrium:

Pressurization.

Claims (4)

1. internal-combustion engine combustion gas heat waste is converted to the method that improves outputting power, it is characterized in that, two or three burning locellus are set on piston head in each working cylinder of internal-combustion engine and the cylinder head, and each burning divides indoor all be furnished with an oil nozzle or spark plug, in expansion stroke, the burning that is arranged on piston head divides indoor fuel mixture elder generation timing angle fire burns, the burning that is arranged on the cylinder head divides the burning in turn again of indoor fuel mixture, the power of the push piston that is produced increases progressively according to cosine rule " COS " value, the cosine regular movement of harmonious piston crankshaft connecting rod mechanism, thus the output torque improved.

2. the method that improves outputting power that internal-combustion engine combustion gas heat waste is converted to according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, on automatically controlled and supercharging technology is basic, do not change the agent structure of internal-combustion engine, just adopt and works are done in original primary combustion changed into by the cosine rule and increase progressively the secondary of pressure, three burning methods, do not changing under the prerequisite of compressing combustion chamber volume when exactly, the manufacturing of firing chamber by certain volume ratio, is divided into the first burning locellus (1), the second burning locellus (2), the 3rd burning locellus (3).

3. according to claim 1 internal-combustion engine combustion gas heat waste is converted to the method that improves outputting power, it is characterized in that, the internal-combustion engine of compression-ignited cosine rule burning method respectively burn locellus each gang up mutually with piston head compression clearance.

4. the method that improves outputting power that internal-combustion engine combustion gas heat waste is converted to according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the first burning locellus (1) of the internal-combustion engine of igniting type cosine rule burning method is ganged up mutually with piston head compression clearance, second, third burning locellus by control valve (7) unlatching or close, realize that compressing clearance with piston head gangs up mutually or do not gang up mutually.

Images