CN100467910C - Design method for horizontal double driving cold extruder driving mechanism - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for designing the driving mechanism of cold extruder in horizontal double-action type carries out optimization design on lever length and included angle by analyzing influence rule of lever length and included angle on extruding performance of cold extruder slide blocks based on driving mechanism of existed 300 tons horizontal double-action type of cold extruder in order to obtain driving mechanism with excellent extrusion performance.

Description

The design method of horizontal double driving cold extruder driving mechanism

Technical field

The invention belongs to the forging equipment field of material forming, relate to the design of cold hobbing machinery, particularly a kind of design method of horizontal double driving cold extruder driving mechanism.

Background technique

It is the important branch of mechanical industry that forging and pressing are produced, characteristics such as have the efficient height, quality is good, in light weight and cost is low, and the advanced country of industry now adopts Forging Technology to replace other technology to realize nearly clean processing more and more.Metal forming machinery shared ratio in lathe is also increasing, and mechanical press is topmost forging equipment, accounts for about 80% of forging equipment.Cold extrusion press also is a wherein important class.

Cold hobbing processing is the advanced pressure processing craft of a kind of few chipless, and development in recent years is rapid.Cold hobbing processing all has many good qualities technically and economically: but parts size precision height, part surface are highly polished, mechanical property height, the manufacturing efficiency height of part, the complicated and unmanageable part of other method of the machining shape that saves material.Cold hobbing processing is used widely in industrial departments such as machinery, instrument, electrical equipment, light industry, civilian, aerospace, boats and ships, military affairs, becomes one of indispensable important manufacturing process in the metal forming technology.

Be used for the cold-stamped special device, mechanical type cold extrusion press and hydraulic type cold extrusion press are arranged.Wherein the mechanical type cold extrusion press is used for producing in a large number, mainly comprises crank-type and toggle-type extrusion press.In order to remedy the deficiency of crank-type cold extrusion press, developed the toggle rod type cold extrusion press energetically, the effect of Shi Yonging is fine aborning.

Summary of the invention

The objective of the invention is to, a kind of design method of horizontal type toggle rod formula double driving cold extruder driving mechanism is provided, this method is on the basis of analyzing 300 tons of two moving horizontal cold extrusion press working principles, spell out this driving cold extruder driving mechanism is carried out improved necessity, especially the driving mechanism of 300 tons of two moving horizontal cold extrusion press and the kinetic characteristic of slide block are carried out detailed argumentation and analysis, thereby proposed the optimization method of driving mechanism.With 300 tons of two moving horizontal cold extrusion press is application, analyzes by optimizing, and has proved the feasibility that adopts transmission system of the present invention.

In order to realize above-mentioned task, the present invention takes following technical solution:

A kind of horizontal double cold extrusion press design of Transmission System method, it is characterized in that, this method is optimized design to existing 300 tons of two moving horizontal driving cold extruder driving mechanisms, reduce drift and the contact velocity of extrusion blank and the variable gradient of the extrusion speed in the drift extrusion blank process, specifically comprise the following steps:

At first set up this motion of mechanism equation, drive system structure is decomposed into main crank elbow-bar mechanism and auxiliary crank rocking bar elbow-bar mechanism, the main crank elbow-bar mechanism is made of rod member and master slider, and auxiliary crank rocking bar elbow-bar mechanism also is made of rod member and secondary slide block; Wherein, the main crank elbow-bar mechanism is taked the serial mechanism with crankrocker mechanism and connecting rod; Auxiliary crank rocking bar elbow-bar mechanism is in series by crank-rocker mechanism and crank toggle mechanism again;

Secondly, the main crank elbow-bar mechanism is carried out corresponding optimal design, with crank nominal pressure angle is optimization aim, set up objective function and determine to optimize constraint function according to designing requirement, in optimizing process, to consider the practical set-up spatial requirement, so also need the rod member size is limited, so just can optimize and determine main toggle link structural parameter;

In addition because major and minor elbow-bar mechanism symmetry substantially, for design, the convenience of processing and Installation and Debugging, same value is got by the major parameter and the spindle rod mechanism of secondary elbow-bar mechanism; According to die holder relative dimensions and two toggle link lower dead point positions relation, determine distance between the two toggle link immovable points;

According to requirement, the toggle link parameter and the center crank slotted link mechanism parameter of auxiliary crank rocking bar elbow-bar mechanism are determined secondary toggle link slide block:

1. can determine the corner of crank in the elbow-bar mechanism according to secondary toggle link ram travel, that is the pivot angle of crankrocker mechanism and two limit positions thereof;

2. according to being fixedly hinged a little of center crank rocking bar and fuselage, and rocking bar pivot angle and limit position, determine rocking bar relative dimensions parameter;

3. main toggle link slide block advancement amount as requested, fixed angle to main toggle link crank and center crank slotted link mechanism crank is regulated, secondary toggle link displacement platform when also touching workpiece, master slider is not begun, and the suitable district that overlaps is arranged with the master slider displacement platform, to improve the extrusion moulding quality;

Each bar is long by analyzing, the angle factor is to the rule that influences of cold extrusion press slide block extrusion performance, can obtain having the driving mechanism of the horizontal double toggle rod type cold extrusion press of good extrusion performance.

Method of the present invention is by the influence rule of factors such as analyzing rod length, angle to cold extrusion press slide block extrusion performance, set up the design theory of this driving mechanism, bar length, angle etc. are carried out optimal design, obtained to have the driving mechanism that is fit to 300 tons of horizontal double toggle rod type cold extrusion press of good extrusion performance.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is 300 tons of two moving horizontal cold extrusion press drive system structure schematic representation, is the structure diagram that the present invention forms;

Fig. 2 is a left toggle link slide block lower dead centre place crank angle schematic representation;

Fig. 3 is left toggle link slide block nominal pressure origination point crank angle schematic representation;

Fig. 4 is a transmission system linkage parameter schematic representation;

Fig. 5 is the displacement-time graph in the slide block extrusion process of the left and right sides;

Fig. 6 is the mechanism analog schematic representation.

The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.

Embodiment

Be used for compound cold-stamped horizontal double cold extrusion press and be comparatively advanced a kind of of cold extrusion press, the stationarity and the compatibility relation of the working life of its machining accuracy and equipment and mold and drift operating rate are close.How can make the drift operating rate more steady by the regulating mechanism parameter, can satisfy other condition again simultaneously be problem to be solved in the utility model.

Compound cold extrusion processing technics generally carries out on two moving cold extrusion press.Cold hobbing adds man-hour, because the distortion meeting under the big rate of straining simultaneously along several planar slips, so just makes the distortion degree of dot matrix increase, thereby strain hardening is also increased.So increase with the increase of a kind of flow of metal sclerosis with distortion speed.In addition, when slide block, drift and the blank that is extruded contact during cold hobbing, has certain contact velocity, thereafter very fast reduction, particularly when extrusion speed is higher, the spot speed of drift contacting metal blank reduces rapidly, certainly leads to shock and vibration in this course, makes that drift is actual to bear dynamic alternating stress.It is relevant with the size of contact velocity whether alternating stress dynamically down and impact energy are absorbed, and generally speaking, that impact energy is absorbed is many more, contact velocity is more little, and dynamically the alternating stress under is also just more little, and this helps improving the life-span of mould.

In order to improve the cold extrusion die life-span,, except on technology and mould, taking some measures, also to reduce the contact velocity of drift and extrusion blank and later velocity variations gradient thereof to solve the subject matter that exists in the cold hobbing.Provide suitable extrusion speed so require to be used for cold-stamped pressure function.Cold extrusion press is in a work cycle, and the speed of slide block movement has four kinds of different situations: idle running speed; Contact velocity; Extrusion speed; Opening speed.From the consideration of boosting productivity, wish that ram speed is fast, the number of strokes is many; Consider from improving die life and helping metal forming, wish that contact velocity is low, extrusion speed changes little.

The requirement of comprehensive this two aspect, the optimal speed of cold extrusion press slide block is: contact velocity is lower; Extrusion speed is more even; It is fast that idle running and opening speed are wanted.Therefore, when the design cold extrusion press, it is smaller that the contact velocity of slide block will be made every effort to, and generally is controlled at about 0.2m/s and is advisable; And require cold extrusion press to have the downward and opening speed of higher idle running, and its speed can descend rapidly before drift contacting metal blank, and in extrusion process, it is even that extrusion speed should keep as far as possible.Consider that from the structure and the manufacturing efficiency of cold extrusion press the contact velocity of slide block can not fall too lowly again, it is generally acknowledged that extrusion speed is in 0.1m/s～0.4m/s scope preferably.Combined extrusion adds the synchronous and coordination that also will consider two drifts man-hour.The combined extrusion processing technology is relatively stricter to the rate request of two moving cold extrusion press two drifts like this, has increased difficulty for the design of such driving cold extruder driving mechanism.

In order to realize motion analysis to horizontal double driving cold extruder driving mechanism, need set up this motion of mechanism equation, each geometric parameter of this mechanism and kinematic parameter are as shown in Figure 1.This mechanism can be decomposed into two mechanisms, i.e. crank toggle mechanism and crank rocker elbow-bar mechanism.The former is by bar l ₁, l ₂, l ₃, l ₄Constitute with master slider, the latter is by bar l ₅, l ₆, l ₇, l ₈, l ₉, l ₁₀, l ₁₁Constitute with secondary slide block.Wherein the main elbow-bar mechanism of left end is the serial mechanism of crankrocker mechanism and connecting rod; The auxiliary crank rocking bar elbow-bar mechanism of right-hand member is in series by crank-rocker mechanism and crank toggle mechanism again.

Cold extrusion press is in the extruding working procedure, energy mainly consumes in compression stage, so reduce power of motor, must be optimized design to the main crank elbow-bar mechanism earlier, make its pressure angle (being the pairing corner of extrusion process crank) low as far as possible, when the main crank elbow-bar mechanism being optimized design, must consider following condition:

1. for guaranteeing the reliable and stable of stamping process, when left slider arrived lower dead centre, bar l1 and horizontal line angle should be greater than 0, and promptly toggle link is single-stroke;

2. be to guarantee leverage stability, in stamping process, bar l ₃It must be pull bar;

Based on above-mentioned requirements, consider that the main crank elbow-bar mechanism is the serial mechanism of crankrocker mechanism and connecting rod, carry out corresponding optimal design, it is as follows to be with crank nominal pressure angle that optimization aim is set up objective function:

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}\mathrm{\&theta;}=\mathrm{\&beta;}-\mathrm{\&alpha;}\\ \mathrm{\&alpha;}=-\frac{\mathrm{\&pi;}}{2}+a\tan (A/B)+a\cos \frac{{(l_3-l_4)}^2+A^2+B^2-{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="l"\; filenames="C200710017758E00131.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">l</figure-callout>}}_1}^2}{2(l_3-l_4)\sqrt{A^2+B^2}}\\ \mathrm{\&gamma;}=a\cos (1-\frac{5}{l_1})\\ l_0=\sqrt{{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="l"\; filenames="C200710017758E00131.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">l</figure-callout>}}_1}^2+A^2+B^2-2l_1\sqrt{A^2+B^2}\cos (a\tan (A/B)+\mathrm{\&gamma;})}\\ \&angle;1=a\cos \frac{{l_0}^2+A^2+B^2-{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="l"\; filenames="C200710017758E00131.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">l</figure-callout>}}_1}^2}{2l_0\sqrt{A^2+B^2}}\\ \&angle;2=a\cos \frac{{l_0}^2+{l_4}^2-{l_3}^2}{2l_0{l}_4}\\ \mathrm{\&beta;}=\mathrm{\&pi;}-(\&angle;2-(\&angle;1-a\tan (A/B)))\end{array}\right.$

Wherein, α is that main toggle link slide block is when reaching lower dead centre, the angle of main crank and vertical position, β are the angle of main toggle link slide block (nominal pressure starting point) main crank and vertical position during apart from lower dead centre 10mm, so θ=β-α is main crank nominal pressure angle.According to aforesaid designing requirement, can determine following optimization constraint function.

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}{l}_4<l_3\\ l_4<l_1\\ l_4<\sqrt{A^2+B^2}\\ l_4+\sqrt{A^2+B^2}<{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="l"\; filenames="C200710017758E00131.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">l</figure-callout>}}_1+l_3\\ l_4+{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="l"\; filenames="C200710017758E00131.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">l</figure-callout>}}_1<\sqrt{A^2+B^2}+l_3\\ l_4+l_3<{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="l"\; filenames="C200710017758E00131.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">l</figure-callout>}}_1+\sqrt{A^2+B^2}\\ {l_4}^2+(A^2+B^2)<{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="l"\; filenames="C200710017758E00131.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">l</figure-callout>}}_1}^2+{l_3}^2\\ {{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="l"\; filenames="C200710017758E00131.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">l</figure-callout>}}_1}^2+(A^2+B^2)-{(l_3-l_4)}^2<0\\ a\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="cos\; l"\; filenames="C200710017758E00131.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">cos</figure-callout>}\frac{{l_{}}^{}}{}\frac{{{}_1}^2+(A^2+B^2)-{(l_3-l_4)}^2}{2l_1\sqrt{A^2+B^2}}-a\tan (A/B)>0\\ l_1(\cos (a\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="cos\; l"\; filenames="C200710017758E00131.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">cos</figure-callout>}\frac{{l_{}}^{}}{}\frac{{{}_1}^2+(A^2+B^2)-{(l_3-l_4)}^2}{2l_1\sqrt{A^2+B^2}}-a\tan (A/B))-\cos (a\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="cos\; l"\; filenames="C200710017758E00131.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">cos</figure-callout>}\frac{{l_{}}^{}}{}\frac{{{}_1}^2+(A^2+B^2)-{(l_3+l_4)}^2}{2l_1\sqrt{A^2+B^2}}-a\tan (A/B)))\\ +l_2\left(\cos (a\sin (l_1\sin (a\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="cos\; l"\; filenames="C200710017758E00131.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">cos</figure-callout>}\frac{{l_{}}^{}}{}\frac{{{}_1}^2+(A^2+B^2)-{(l_3-l_4)}^2}{2l_1\sqrt{A^2+B^2}}-a\tan (A/B))/l_2)\right)\\ -\cos \left(a\sin (l_1\sin (a\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="cos\; l"\; filenames="C200710017758E00131.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">cos</figure-callout>}\frac{{l_{}}^{}}{}\frac{{{}_1}^2+(A^2+B^2)-{(l_3+l_4)}^2}{2l_1\sqrt{A^2+B^2}}-a\tan (A/B))/l_2)\right))\&Element;\left(\mathrm{380,390}\right)\end{array}\right.$

Accompanying drawing 2 and Fig. 3 are respectively left toggle link slide block lower dead centre place's crank angle and left toggle link slide block nominal pressure origination point crank angle schematic representation.In optimizing process, to consider the practical set-up spatial requirement,,,, and carry out corresponding size rounding, obtain following main toggle link structural parameter through the matlab program optimization as the size of A and B so also need the rod member size is descended to limit:

l ₁＝480mm，l ₂＝560mm，l ₃＝670mm，l ₄＝195mm，A＝450mm，B＝410mm

In order to process the convenience with Installation and Debugging, about two elbow-bar mechanism parameters the same, that is:

l ₁₀＝l ₁，l ₁₁＝l ₂

According to die holder relative dimensions and two toggle link lower dead point positions relation, can determine that distance is between the two toggle link immovable points:

a＝2×(480+560)+397×2+466＝3340mm

Below right-hand member toggle link parameter and center crank slotted link mechanism parameter are determined.The drive characteristic that will satisfy according to machine, require right-hand member toggle link (being called for short secondary toggle link later on) to finish feeding and discharging action, this just requires its time long enough that stops at lower dead centre, finish to punching press from being fed to the working position, the slide block of secondary toggle link should rest on lower dead centre always, and because of the workpiece axial dimension is bigger, for avoiding in discharge process, producing interference with main toggle link slide block, require secondary toggle link in advance old workpiece to be ejected with new workpiece, these requirements are embodied on the secondary toggle link slide block being exactly:

1. slide block is at the displacement platform long enough of lower dead centre, that is speed is that time of zero is long as far as possible;

2. above-mentioned displacement platform in time should main in advance toggle link slide block displacement platform, to guarantee reliable discharging;

3. secondary toggle link slider displacement platform and main toggle link slider displacement platform should have the zone of coincidence, to improve the extrusion moulding quality.

Above-mentioned first functional requirement, can realize by two kinds of method actings in conjunction:

1. secondary toggle link slide block should make toggle link make trickle reciprocally swinging up and down at horizontal line when lower dead centre, increases displacement platform length;

2. middle crankrocker mechanism parameter is configured, makes rocking bar when its limit on the right-right-hand limit position, the crank of Chuan Lian connecting rod and connecting rod have an angle with it;

Since elbow-bar mechanism in its lower dead centre speed very near the zero-sum slotted link mechanism at its limit position rocking bar rotating speed also near zero effect, can make the slide block lower dead centre displacement platform long enough of secondary toggle link, obtained satisfied result through overtesting.

Above-mentioned second functional requirement can realize by the angle of regulating main crankshaft and center crank rocking bar crank, increases this angle, and secondary toggle link slide block lower dead centre is arrived in advance, satisfies the requirement of timely discharging.

Based on above-mentioned two functional requirements, carry out center crank slotted link mechanism and secondary elbow-bar mechanism parameter designing, the specific design process is as follows:

1. can determine the corner of crank in the elbow-bar mechanism according to secondary toggle link ram travel, that is the pivot angle of crankrocker mechanism and two limit positions thereof;

2. according to being fixedly hinged a little of center crank rocking bar and fuselage, and rocking bar pivot angle and limit position 1., determine rocking bar relative dimensions parameter;

3. main toggle link slide block advancement amount as requested, fixed angle to main toggle link crank and center crank slotted link mechanism crank is regulated, make secondary toggle link displacement platform at master slider apart from its lower dead centre distance greater than shell case when long, and the suitable district that overlaps is arranged with the master slider displacement platform.

According to top argumentation, carry out the leverage setting, draw the whole drive system linkage parameter as shown in Figure 4.

In fact, it is to design inseparable process with concrete structure that leverage gets parameter designing, must consider desired every size of rod member intensity and concrete structure space in the optimizing process, just can determine the actual parameter of energy practical application, so concrete structure design and linkage parameter design are complementary processes.

Problem at former right-hand member toggle link advancement amount deficiency, all be to be primarily focused in the adjusting of the right toggle link in the past, and in the process of regulating, long and the crank length that causes of the excessive and connecting rod size of concentration angle and length of connecting rod can appear in the excessive problem of lower dead centre misalignment, make the speed platform bigger fluctuation occur, influence the quality of extrusion moulding.

The responsibility of the right toggle link and center crank rocking bar can be regulated and satisfy the stroke requirement, and only need strengthen the concentration angle of main crank, equal to strengthen the time difference of two crank toggle mechanisms, both are separated by the speed platform fast, and the coincidence zone that has processing request again, thereby realize that right slide block ejects old material in advance, and wait for the functional requirement of the new part of left slider punching press at lower dead centre.Accompanying drawing 5 is exactly the displacement-time graph in the slide block extrusion process of the left and right sides, satisfies the extruding requirement that preamble proposes as can be seen.6 driving mechanisms are simulated schematic representation in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and the actual optimization interpretation of result is as follows.

Left end: toggle link 11=80, toggle link 12=560; Connecting rod 13=670; Crank 10=195; Concentration angle 1=155.

Middle: crank 300; Connecting rod 2320; Rocking bar 330.

Right-hand member: toggle link 11=480, toggle link 12=560; Connecting rod 13=845; Crank 290.

Two toggle link end distances: 3340.

Left end crankshaft center (410 ,-450).

Right-hand member crankshaft center (600 ,-550).

Analyze and can get optimizing the result:

Right ram travel=2193-1879.645=313.4mm meets the demands.

Left slider stroke=618.914-231.811=387.1mm meets the demands.

Pusher requirement during to punching press 154mm shell case has following result:

Right slide block arrives lower dead centre when releasing old material, and left slider is 618-422=196 apart from its lower dead centre, satisfies processing request fully.

Extrusion time reaches 1.580s-1.395s=0.185s, and it is 43.2mm/s that calculating can get drawing velocity.

Platform overlaps the district for 1.625s-1.505s=0.12s, and is favourable to the shaping of material.

According to technique scheme, the claimant has finished 300 tons of horizontal double cold extrusion press, puts into production, proves through actual production, has reached purpose of design of the present invention fully.

Claims (1)

1. horizontal double cold extrusion press design of Transmission System method, it is characterized in that, this method is optimized design to existing 300 tons of two moving horizontal driving cold extruder driving mechanisms, reduce drift and the contact velocity of extrusion blank and the variable gradient of the extrusion speed in the drift extrusion blank process, specifically comprise the following steps:

At first set up this motion of mechanism equation, drive system structure is decomposed into main crank elbow-bar mechanism and auxiliary crank rocking bar elbow-bar mechanism, the main crank elbow-bar mechanism is made of rod member and master slider, and auxiliary crank rocking bar elbow-bar mechanism also is made of rod member and secondary slide block; Wherein, the main crank elbow-bar mechanism is taked the serial mechanism with crankrocker mechanism and connecting rod; Auxiliary crank rocking bar elbow-bar mechanism is in series by crank-rocker mechanism and crank toggle mechanism again;

Secondly, the main crank elbow-bar mechanism is carried out corresponding optimal design, with crank nominal pressure angle is optimization aim, set up objective function and determine to optimize constraint function according to designing requirement, in optimizing process, to consider the practical set-up spatial requirement, so also need the rod member size is limited, so just can optimize and determine main toggle link structural parameter;

In addition, because major and minor elbow-bar mechanism is symmetrical substantially, so same value is got by the major parameter and the spindle rod mechanism of secondary elbow-bar mechanism; According to die holder relative dimensions and two toggle link lower dead point positions relation, can determine distance between the two toggle link immovable points;

According to requirement, the toggle link parameter and the center crank slotted link mechanism parameter of auxiliary crank rocking bar elbow-bar mechanism are determined secondary toggle link slide block:

1. determine the corner of crank in the elbow-bar mechanism according to secondary toggle link ram travel, that is the pivot angle of crankrocker mechanism and two limit positions thereof;

2. according to be fixedly hinged a position and the rocking bar pivot angle and the limit position of center crank rocking bar and fuselage, determine rocking bar relative dimensions parameter;

3. main toggle link slide block advancement amount as requested, fixed angle to main toggle link crank and center crank slotted link mechanism crank is regulated, secondary toggle link displacement platform when also touching workpiece, master slider is not begun, and the suitable district that overlaps is arranged with the master slider displacement platform, to improve the extrusion moulding quality;

Each bar is long by analyzing, the angle factor is to the rule that influences of cold extrusion press slide block extrusion performance, can obtain having the driving mechanism of the horizontal double toggle rod type cold extrusion press of good extrusion performance.

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