CN100456223C - Dynamic system control method - Google Patents

Abstract

Techniques are provided herein for reducing vibrations in various modes of a dynamic system. One such technique comprises incorporating vibration limiting and sensitivity constraints into a partial fraction expansion equation model of the system so as to reduce vibrations to specific levels. Another technique comprises shaping a command determined using the partial fraction expansion equation model to produce a desired output. The entire command may be shaped or only selected portions thereof which produce vibrations. Another technique involves commanding in current to produce saturation in voltage. By doing this, it is possible to command voltage switches. The times at which the switches occur can be set to reduce system vibrations. Other techniques are also provided. These include varying transient portions at the beginning, middle and/or end of a move and using Posicast inputs, among others.

Description

The method of operating of control data memory storage and equipment

The application's case is that application number is 99805826.2, the applying date is on March 5th, 1999, denomination of invention is divided an application for the Chinese patent application case of " dynamic system control method ".

Technical field

The present invention is directed to the input that changes a dynamic system and for its generation feed-forward signal, to reduce undesirable vibration in the system.The present invention will not caused makeing mistakes or too much noise of disk read-write for being useful especially by reducing the speed that undesirable vibration improves computer disc driver (hereinafter to be referred as " dish drives ") if this undesirable vibration does not check.

Background technology

Motion in the dynamic system typically can cause mechanically with acoustics on do not wish vibration.Such vibration has adverse influence for the work of this system, and a kind of being sensitive to especially do not wish that the dynamic system of vibrating is that computer disks drives.

Computer disks drives and contains an actuating arm, and its far-end has been installed a read/write head, be used for from/mark road on disk is read/is write.This read/write head is driven arm and moves between each mark road on the disk.Vibration in the system causes because of this motion.That is to say that behind read/write head and nominal final position of actuating arm arrival, they will vibrate.Before vibration was reduced to a certain degree, dish drove and can not read and write, otherwise will read/write error.This vibration also may cause noise.

Dish drives waits for that this vibration is reduced to the required time of acceptable size (being positioning time) and has increased the search time that dish drives.The search time of driver is, thereby read/write head arrives and rests on the position and can carry out the required time of read/write operation to a certain specific mark road.The increase of search time is particularly serious for the disk of high mark track density.That is to say, because the distance between each mark road of this disk is littler, even the microvibration of read/write head also can seriously influence the noise that precision that dish drives and/or increase dish drive.Even owing to can't stand small vibration, will further strengthen positioning time, thereby further strengthen the search time of driver.

Common solution dish drive with dynamic system in the trial of the problems referred to above in general all can not be satisfactory.Specifically, the unrealistic ground of the calculated amount during these are attempted is big, can not be for providing enough vibrations to reduce such as high precision positioning equipments such as computer disks drive, thus cause the track of non-the best, and/or excessively responsive to the variation of systematic parameter.

Common disk is driven the puzzlement that also is subjected to other relevant issues.For example, in common dish drives, used two different controllers that read/write head is navigated on the mark road.First controller controls to read/write head on the precalculated position near the final position, and take over control by second controller this moment.The latter moves on to read/write head the place, final position and read/write head is adjusted on the mark road.The switching of these two controllers has increased positioning time, thereby has increased search time.Also have, in common disk is driven, when CONTROLLER DESIGN seldom or not have to consider control to vibrating.As a result, common disk is driven in motion process and can not be picked out important vibration.

According to above-mentioned consideration, exist demand to a kind of like this method, this method can be driven by the control computer dish, perhaps more generally can control dynamic system, machinery and acoustic vibration are reduced to acceptable degree, and do not need too much calculated amount, also do not need to reduce significantly movement velocity.

Summary of the invention

The present invention satisfies the demand by following approach, and the method for the motion of some control dynamic systems promptly is provided, and these methods can reduce undesirable machinery and/or acoustic vibration in the system.These method ratios are easier to realize, can produce good effect, and bad spinoff is seldom arranged, from but to the significant improvement of conventional art.

One aspect of the present invention is to judge which parameter will make a dynamic system reach capacity.For example, for computer disks drives, be that current order is being controlled system.Yet voltage but is the basic limiting parameter of system, this be because just voltage limit that drive power supply provided the size of current in the system.According to this aspect of the invention, can reduce system vibration with using basic limiting parameter to produce but can not cause the saturated order of system.Drive this special case for dish, also be to use basic limiting parameter (being voltage) to produce current order, this will can not surpass the voltage limit of system.

According to another aspect of the present invention, utilizing the expansion in partial fractions system of equations is the modeling of a dish drive system.The digital form of these equations is as follows:

$\mathrm{Finalpos}=\underset{i=1}{\overset{N}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{V}_i\mathrm{A\Δt}$

$O=\underset{i=1}{\overset{N}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{V}_i\frac{\mathrm{Ab}}{b-a}(e^{-a(T_{\mathrm{end}}\mathrm{Ti}+\mathrm{\Δt})}-e^{-a(T_{\mathrm{end}}-\mathrm{Ti})})$

$O=\underset{i=1}{\overset{N}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{V}_i\frac{\mathrm{Aa}}{a-b}(e^{-b(T_{\mathrm{end}}\mathrm{Ti}+\mathrm{\Δt})}-e^{-b(T_{\mathrm{end}}-\mathrm{Ti})})$

Wherein, Finalpos is the final position of system, and A is a scaling factor, and a and b are the time constant inverses, t _EndBe the moment of motion when finishing, V _iBe the voltage input of system, T _iBe input V _IThe time the moment, Δ t be the input each V _iThe time interval.Utilize above-mentioned these equations can determine system's input that can reduce to vibrate.When the system input using these equations to find the solution to characterize with basic limiting parameter, they are effective especially.In order to provide more accurate system model.Can also in above equation, add the restrictive condition that some are additional.

According to a further aspect of the invention, provide the technology that under the various patterns of system, reduces its vibration.These technology can be used separately, also can be used in combination with above-mentioned notion.Wherein a kind of technology is that vibration limiting and sensitivity constraint condition are joined in the expansion in partial fractions equation model, vibration is reduced to the degree of regulation.Another kind of technology is to utilize the determined order of expansion in partial fractions equation model to carry out shaping (for example convolution or filtering) to produce the output of wishing to one.Can carry out shaping to whole order, also can only select and to carry out shaping by vibrative some parts from order.Because with respect to concerning the shaping of whole order, the selectivity shaping can reduce search time, so the latter is preferred.Another kind of technology relates to current order, makes it to produce voltage saturation.Just might command voltage switch after doing like this.Can reduce system vibration by the moment that setting switches then.Some other technologies also are provided.When changing the motion beginning, in the middle of the motion and/or motion when finishing the transformation part and utilize Posicast input or the like.

According to a further aspect of the invention, determine system's input that can cause conditional (or reduce) vibration, and utilize the forward direction track of this input as system.Provide the method for several generation inputs, comprising the expansion in partial fractions system of equations is carried out a kind of optimization method.In one approach, the problem of an input of generation is broken down into rigid mode problem and flexible pattern problem.Specifically, the item relevant with the system rigidity pattern determined by the expansion in partial fractions system of equations, and the Xiang Ze relevant with system oscillation or flexible pattern determines based on systematic analysis.Solve an input from the rigid body item of system, this input can go to drive this system by the mode that satisfies system's Rigid Constraints condition.For example utilize then one design can the flexible pattern of bucking-out system the input shaper device ^TM(Input Shaper ^TM) to this input shaper.Utilize this method, can be when the extent of vibration that still can make system's corresponding modes be suitably reduced, the dyscalculia that reduces to find the solution with respect to optimization method.The another kind of method that produces input relates to the closed loop model that generates a system.Can produce the input that can reduce to vibrate according to this model then.In another method, the voltage switching instant of table tennis (bang-bang) input of determining to reduce to vibrate according to the expansion in partial fractions system of equations.Can use input shaper to this input then ^TMFurther reduce vibration.

According to some other aspect of the present invention, provide each position one speed (" PV ") the form method for making that reduces system vibration.In one approach, produce the track that can reduce system vibration according in the above-mentioned various technology one or more, and this track is stored in the PV table.Can come the motion of control system then with this track.In another approach, the output terminal of showing at PV provides a reshaper, and corresponding contrary reshaper will be provided in the feedback path of system.Such layout can reduce the dynamic property of system forward passage, and keeps the stability of feedback control loop.In another method, utilize a N (N＞2) dimension PV to show control system, its medium velocity is the function of position and another one or several variablees, other here variable for example is move distance, resistance, temperature or the like.In another method, current order in transition process (for example moderating process) by shaping, with the magnitude of vibrations of produce wishing.Under non-transition stage, then according to the track work in the PV table.

Though the certain methods of summarizing has above strengthened the serviceability of dynamic system (driving and other data storage devices as computer disks) significantly, preferably still can allow the terminal user to carry out some controls to the work of system.For example, the search time that a certain user may require a dish to drive relatively shorter (promptly requiring fast, dish drives), but may not too lie in noise.Similarly, perhaps a certain usefulness more be far more than search time to the care of noise problem.So, the work that is necessary to provide a kind of method to make that the terminal user can console panel drives.Especially, be necessary to provide a kind of console panel to drive the straightforward procedure of work, this method also makes the user can select running parameter except the characteristics that other are arranged, as search time and noise size etc.

The present invention satisfies these demands by a GUI (graphic user interface) and/or mechanical switch are provided, and the terminal user can utilize them to change the running parameter that drives of dish, comprising but be not limited to: driver search time, noise size and power consumption.The present invention by provide these characteristics allow the user can be with comparalive ease the running parameter that drives of assignment disk on demand, and do not need hardware and/or software are carried out material alteration.

The invention provides the method for operating of a data memory storage of a kind of control, this method may further comprise the steps: generate a graphic user interface GUI, this GUI will provide one first controller, and this first controller is in the two one of the noise size of the search time of may command data storage device and data storage device at least; Receive data from this GUI, the setting to the change of at least one in the two of the search time of data memory storage and noise size in this GUI of these data is derived; And, make data storage device change its operation, and provide feed-forward signal to arrive predetermined level so that reduce the vibrations of not expecting in this data storage device to these output commands according to reformed setting among the GUI to the data storage device output command.

The present invention also provides the apparatus operating of a data memory storage of a kind of control, this equipment comprises: stored the storer that some computing machines can be carried out treatment step for one; And processor, this processor comprises: the device that (i) generates a graphic user interface GUI, this GUI will provide one first controller, be used for the two at least one of noise size of the search time of control data memory storage and data storage device; (ii) receive the device of data from this GUI, the setting to the change of at least one in the two of the search time of this data storage device and noise size in this GUI of these data is derived; (iii), make data storage device change its operation according to reformed setting among the GUI to the device of data storage device output command; And (iv) provide feed-forward signal to these output commands so that reduce the vibrations do not expected in this data storage device device to predetermined level.

Providing this brief overview makes people can comprehend character of the present invention apace.By below in conjunction with the detailed description of accompanying drawing, can obtain more perfect understanding to the present invention to some preferred embodiments of the invention.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the skeleton view that the present invention can pass through a computer system of its enforcement;

Fig. 2 illustrates the structural system of this computer system;

Fig. 3 illustrates the treatment step that generates a graphic user interface according to the present invention;

Fig. 4 to 9 illustrates can be by the graphic user interface of the present invention's generation;

Figure 10 A is a sectional view that is driven by the dish of the present invention's control;

Figure 10 B is the block scheme of the circuit that console panel drives according to the present invention;

Figure 11 is a feedback diagram that computer disks drives;

Figure 12 illustrates computer disks and drives " good " motion and " bad " movement profiles of carrying out under the different motion;

Figure 13 is a kind of feedback diagram of conventional art dish drive system;

Figure 14 is the feedback diagram according to dish drive system of the present invention;

Figure 15 is the input of explanation finite point impulse response filter shaping technique and the block scheme of the relation between the output;

Figure 16 is the input of the contrary shaping technique of explanation finite point impulse response filter and the block scheme of the relation between the output;

Figure 17 is the input of the continuous delay line wave filter shaping technique of explanation shunting and the block scheme of the relation between the output;

Figure 18 is the input of the contrary shaping technique of the continuous delay line wave filter of explanation shunting and the block scheme of the relation between the output;

Figure 19 is the input of the no point of accumulation impulse response filter shaping technique of explanation and the block scheme of the relation between the output;

Figure 20 is the input of the contrary shaping technique of the no point of accumulation impulse response filter of explanation and the block scheme of the relation between the output;

Figure 21 illustrates some examples of the track in employed position-velometer in the some embodiments of the invention;

Figure 22 explanation is according to the trajectory parametersization in position-velometer of the present invention;

Figure 23 A and 23B illustrate in the dish drive system the optimum rigid body voltage commands for the motion in 1 and 3000 mark road respectively;

Figure 24 illustrates a digitized input voltage waveform;

Figure 25 illustrates Figure 24 waveform that is changed into a series of pulses by notion;

Each pulse that Figure 26 illustrates Figure 25 is expressed as a pair of some pulse;

Figure 27 illustrates a kind of block scheme of feedback system;

The input that Figure 28 illustrates system shown in Figure 27 applies the differentiating operator with Laplce;

Figure 29 illustrates calibrated Figure 28 input;

Figure 30 illustrates and adopts block scheme algebraically to simplify input among Figure 29;

Figure 31 illustrates the simplification of importing among Figure 30;

Figure 32 illustrates the some pulse of three pulse shapers and the sine wave of undamped vibration is represented curve;

Figure 33 illustrates the digit pulse interval of three pulse shapers and the sine wave of undamped vibration is represented curve;

Figure 34 illustrates the recurrent interval of three pulse shapers and the sine wave of vibration is represented curve;

Figure 35 illustrates a kind of potential pulse response of dynamic system.

Embodiment

The present invention relates to be used for the executable code of computing machine (being the executable treatment step of computing machine) that console panel drives the operation of (or more generally, any dynamic system).Drive this particular condition for dish, the present invention includes the code that can generate a GUI, can accept code, and can drive the code that output command makes its operation conform to the input of GUI to dish to the input of GUI.The present invention can be used for computing machine/dish drive system, for example desktop computer, the laptop computer etc. of any kind.But, for simply, the present invention will only illustrate in the scope of desktop computer.

Fig. 1 illustrates the representative example that can implement computer system 1 of the present invention.As shown in Figure 1, personal computer (" PC ") 2 contains network interface 4 and fax/modem interface 5, and the former is used for being connected with networks such as the Internet, atm networks, and the latter is used for being connected with other devices such as digital camera, digital cameras.The dish that PC2 also contains the display screen 6, the keyboard 7 that is used for input characters and user command that are useful on to user's display message, be used for the mouse 9 of on display screen 6 moving cursor and inputting user command and be used for the floppy disk of installing in it is carried out read/write drives 10.PC2 can also have one or several connection peripheral equipment (not shown) thereon, is used for input characters, figure, image etc. and/or output image.

Fig. 2 illustrates the inner structure of PC2.As shown in Figure 2, PC2 contains storer 11, comprising computer-readable medias such as for example hard disc of computer.Storer 11 storage data 12, application program 14 and operating systems 15 or the like.In preferred embodiments more of the present invention, operating system 15 is a kind of Windows, as little

Windows 98 or little

Form NT, but the present invention equally also can be used for other operating systems.Be stored in application program in the storer 11 and comprised and be used for implementing computer code of the present invention, be called dish and drive engine 16.Perhaps, dish drives engine 16 and also can be stored in ROM (read-only memory) dishes such as (" ROM ") and drive in the 10 exercisable hardware.Briefly, dish drives engine 16 and is made up of the executable treatment step of some computing machines, and these treatment steps particularly are used for producing GUI, and this GUI is used for console panel and drives 10 operation, and drive 10 output commands to dish, make its operation can accord with various settings among the GUI.The back will be driven engine 16 to dish and will be described in more detail.

PC2 also contains display interface device 17, keyboard interface 19, mouse interface 20, coils and drive interface 21, computer bus 22, RAM (random access storage device) 24, processor 25 and printer interface 26.Processor 25 is the microprocessor or the similar device that are used to carry out from for example above-mentioned various application programs of RAM24.These application programs can be stored in storer 11 (see before and state) or coil in the floppy disk that drives in 10.Processor 25 drives interface 21 by dish and visits the application program (or other data) that is stored on the floppy disk.

The application program that can utilize keyboard 7 or mouse 9 to start PC2 is carried out and other operations, sends processor 25 to by corresponding interface 19 and 20 respectively from the order of keyboard 7 or mouse 9.Similarly, also can come the execution of strange land start applications by for example network interface 4 and network interface unit (not shown).The resulting output of the application program of moving on PC2 can be handled and be exported by network interface 4 then by display interface device 17, is perhaps shown to the user by display 6.Display interface device 17 preferably contains a video-stream processor, produces video image by processor 25 by the video data that computer bus 22 provides with basis, and these images are exported to display 6.The resulting output result of other application programs of moving on PC2 can offer printer by printer interface 26.

Get back to dish and drive engine 16, this application program comprises such computer code, and the commonsense method that it can or be known according to one or several crowd perhaps according to one or several method that intellecture property is arranged as described herein, goes console panel to drive 10 operation.Dish drives engine 16 and also contains such code, and it is used to produce a GUI, so that at least one index in these three indexs of search time, noise size and power consumption that energy interactivity ground console panel drives.This GUI contains a controller, and it can be operated by the user, with among the change GUI to the setting of one or several parameter in the These parameters parameter.Thereafter, dish drives engine 16 and will produce and output command for dish drives, and makes its operation accord with the setting after the change among the GUI.

1.0 user interface

Fig. 3 is that utilization dish driving engine 16 console panels drive the process flow diagram of operation.During beginning, step S301 generates a GUI and by display 6 it is shown to the user.Fig. 4 illustrates such GUI, and its code name is 27.GUI27 contains the window 70 that a dish that is used to select prepare control drives.Though this is that the dish that many systems all contain more than drives because computer system shown in Figure 1 only contains a dish and drives.Window 70 is selected to control the approach which dish drives for the user provides.Fig. 9 is the enlarged drawing of window 70.As long as aiming at and kowtow certain dish that hits in the window 70 simply drives just and can select it.As shown in the figure, chosen dish drives and will be enhanced demonstration.

As shown in Figure 4, GUI27 also contains controller 29.Controller 29 is used for the change dish and drives 10 search time and noise size.In this particular example, controller 29 comprises a slide block 30 and a continuous chute 31, noise/less search time (" Quick (fast) ") 32 that two ends of chute 31 are corresponding bigger respectively and less noise/bigger search time (" Quiet (quiet sound) ") 34, slide block 30 can move along chute 31.During along the chute moving slider, noise size that dish drives and search time will that is to say by opposite direction change, and when dish drives noise and increases gradually, its search time will reduce gradually.Similarly, when the noise size of driving when dish reduces gradually, its search time will increase gradually.By moving slider 30, just can change these two parameters of search time and noise size simultaneously.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, slide block 30 can move between three of chute 31 discrete positions, wherein first position is corresponding to big noise/little search time (" Quick ") end 32, second position is corresponding to the mid point of chute 31, and the 3rd position is corresponding to little noise/big search time (" Quiet ") end 34.Perhaps, the discrete positions more than three can be arranged also, also can be to change noise and search time between the two ends of chute 31 continuously.

The noise size of dish in driving depends on some characteristic frequency the vibration of (for example 6.6KHz, 6.0KHz, 5.0KHz, 4.2KHz and 1.3KHz).On the other hand, the mechanical vibration that can reduce search time are caused by the vibration of different frequency (for example 3.3KHz).As terminal user during along the slide block of chute mobile controller 29, in fact he (she) determined in above-mentioned these frequencies which should be reduced and/or should what reduce.For example, when utilizing the input shaper device ^TM(back explanation) is when reducing to vibrate by moving slider 30, the user is actually and has selected one or several to be used for reducing the shaping function of assigned frequency vibration, and make dish drive engine 16 these functions are driven input with corresponding dish to carry out convolution, reduce to realize desirable vibration.

In GUI27, noise size and search time are pressed the reverse direction variation along chute 31, have realized the exchange of search time and noise size, that is to say, otherwise when search time increases noise will reduce or.Although these vibrations may be linear change, also not necessarily like this.As to the substituting of slide block 30, GUI also can contain some square frames, for the noise size and/or the search time of input discrete value.For example as shown in Figure 5, GUI can contain an input frame 37 for the input noise size, and a display box 39 is arranged simultaneously, wherein will demonstrate the digital value of corresponding search time.In this case, GUI preferably has a pair of up/down arrow 41, is used for selecting various noise figures.On the other hand, these values also can directly be imported with mouse 9 and keyboard 7.Another kind of mode can be, input frame 37 is used for setting search time, and display box 39 then is used for showing the size of corresponding noise.No matter be which kind of mode, the displayed value in the display box all is to drive engine 16 by dish to calculate according to the setting value in the input frame.

Get back to Fig. 4, GUI27 can also contain second controller, and for example marquee 42.This controller can make dish drive and enter energy saver mode.Energy saver mode is a kind of like this state, drives and will reduce its power consumption by predetermined amount at this state lower wall.The setting of energy saver mode can be used simultaneously with change search time and noise size.That is to say, under energy saver mode, will be to realize the setting of search time and noise size less than the power of normal mode.This for example can finish with following method: one or several predefined function with dish is driven in the order input convolution mutually of a sound coil motor.

On the other hand, reduction in power consumption can realize with a controller, controller 44 as shown in Figure 6.Controller 44 comprises a slide block 45 and a continuous chute 46, and the two ends of chute 46 are respectively higher power dissipation/little search time end 47 and lower power consumption/big search time end 49, and slide block 45 can move along chute 46.Similar with above-mentioned situation, slide block 45 can move between some discrete positions of chute.Like this, in this embodiment, the dish power consumption and the search time that drive change in reverse direction along chute, also promptly drive power consumption when increasing gradually when coiling, and its search time will reduce gradually.Otherwise when dish drives power consumption when reducing gradually, its search time will increase gradually.

Just can change search time and power consumption simultaneously by moving slider 45.Changing power consumption for example can realize like this: one or several predefined function with dish is driven in the order of a sound coil motor import convolution mutually.Predefined function is to select according to the setting of slide position.Certainly, also can select predefined function (this point is all set up) for whole the application with additive method.For example, as described later, can come choice function according to some desired trajectories in position-speed (" PV ") table.

Fig. 7 illustrates another configuration of GUI.As shown in Figure 7, GUI can contain that to be used for respectively with the search time be the independent control 50 and 52 that cost reduces power consumption and noise size.Here, (i) when noise increased, search time reduced, otherwise or; (ii) when power consumption increased, search time reduced, otherwise or.Two slide blocks among Fig. 7 preferably all have the complete characteristic of Fig. 4 slide block.Similar with Fig. 5, Fig. 8 can input noise the digital value of size and power consumption.Search time digital value among Fig. 8 GUI also is that the setting value according to noise size and power consumption calculates and shows.

Return Fig. 4, GUI27 can also contain a preview controller 54, and it is used for making floppy drive to operate according to the parameter that controller 29 sets.This preview controller can be that a user can kowtow the button that hits etc., kowtows will make dish drive " preview " pattern that works in after hitting.Preview mode will make dish drive between the various marks road of disk and search, thus the noise size and the search time that the user can be realized in GUI, set.If the user can not accept such setting effect, just the dish that can revise under GUI input and the preview new setup parameter drives operation.This process can repeat arbitrarily repeatedly, the setting situation that obtains wishing up to the user.Also can be arranged to preview mode when changing the parameter setting of GUI, all can automatically perform one time in advance.

As shown in Figure 4, GUI27 also can contain one or several viewing area 55.Noise size, search time and/or power consumption that these viewing areas can be driven to placing.For utilizing slide block to set the situation of each parameter, such viewing area will be very useful, shown in Fig. 4,6 and 7.Equally, a viewing area can also be set and tell what individual hour the user can also work for existing power supply computing machine (for example laptop computer).In order to determine this hourage, dish drives the power supply of engine 16 with direct supervisory computer, and perhaps the T.T. of utilizing existing power supply to move according to computing machine has related parameter to estimate that how much remaining this power supply is also with other.

Get back to Fig. 3, after step S301 demonstrates GUI, handle entering step S302.In step S302, the user imports desirable setting to GUI.Certainly, these settings depend on that GUI provides can be at choice project, for example existing to this front.For example, the user can import the new combination of search time, power consumption and noise size etc.Step S302 both can carry out in the locality, also can far carry out by network interface 4.That is to say that GUI may be displayed on the networking PC far, and also will be applicable to local PC the setting of this PC.No matter be which kind of situation, after in step S302, having imported new argument, just can add their confirmation, perhaps use " cancel (cancellation) " button 61 to be cancelled, perhaps use " Apply (applying) " button 62 to make setup parameter impose on dish and drive with " OK " button 60." OK " button 60 is that with the difference of " Apply " button 62 the former only stores the new settings value in the storer (as storer 11) into, and the latter then can be applied to dish to the new settings value and drive, no matter and original hardware-software is set what state.

Then, in step S303, produce according to the setting value among the GUI and to be used for console panel and to drive 10 order (as electric signal).The concrete grammar that how to produce these orders can be different, depends on the mode that console panel drives.As an example, suppose and to pass through the input shaper device ^TMCome console panel to drive, then step S303 will comprise that various inputs and some predefined functions that dish is driven carry out convolution, and these predefined functions are to select according to the setting among the GUI.The purpose of this step is to produce the dish that can obtain GUI defined characteristic to drive input.These functions for example can be stored in the storer 11, perhaps are stored in the other storer in the system.The 2nd saving to Section 11 and will illustrate that the various console panels that can be used for drive method of operating below, wherein any method all can be used for setting and other parameter generating orders according to GUI in step S303.

Produced after the necessary order, processing will enter step S304, there with these operations of ordering console panel to drive.Thereafter, the user can be simply by utilizing mouse 7 for example to access the operating parameter that GUI and input are wished, and the change dish operation of driving once more.Processing finishes after the step S304.

Here be noted that GUI is not limited to the combination of various characteristics shown in the accompanying drawing.That is, in step S301, can produce GUI according to some the intrinsic constraint condition in the system with aforementioned each or several characteristics.Similarly, also can comprise undeclared among the GUI here but other characteristics of knowing by the present technique field of crowd.As to the substituting or replenishing of GUI, dish drives and can contain one or several electricity/mechanical hand switch, is used for the partly or wholly console panel operation of driving of aforementioned manner.With regard to purpose of the present invention, can think that " jumper " also is a kind of electricity/mechanical type manual switch.

2.0 system's control

Following control method is preferably driven computing machine in the engine 16 by dish and can be carried out treatment step and implement, and drives the high-speed motion in 10 to realize dish for example.But be noted that these methods do not limit to be applied to the dish drive.Otherwise method described herein can be used for controlling the dynamic system that can become another kind of state from a kind of state of any kind.In fact, any can reducing with all available the present invention of undesirable dynamic behaviour of mathematics formula quantitative description.For example, can utilize the present invention to come a dish in the order Standalone Drives redundant array (" RAID ") to drive, reduce again simultaneously to cause at not disturbance adjacent driven device basically under the situation of acoustic frequency vibration of noise, move to be less than the time that conventional art may reach.The designer only needs simply: select to cause the vibration or the dynamic behaviour of trouble; Determine constraint condition; And utilize technology provided here, from several methods that can produce the optimal motion that can reduce above-mentioned vibration or dynamic behaviours or nearly optimal motion, select a kind of method.Terminology used here " vibration " is meant the machinery and/or the acoustic frequency vibration that can cause noise.

Figure 10 A and 10B illustrate dish and drive 10 enlarged drawing.Its mid-game drives 10 and contains sound coil motor 72, actuating arm 74, sensor 75 and a read/write head 76 that has a rotor (not shown).These parts drive engine 16 (or its part) control by operation dish on a controller/processor 73.This processor 73 can be aforesaid processor 25, or a dish that independently receives order from processor 25 drives application specific processor.76 pairs of read/write heads are installed in the mark road (not shown) that dish drives the disk 77 in 10 and read and write.The actuating arm 74 control read/write heads 76 that read/write head 76 has been installed move between each mark road of disk 77.Motor 72 removes to drive actuating arm 74 according to the control signal that receives from processor 73.These control signals are to produce according to the desired location of read/write head 76 and actual measurement location (being provided by signal 79) at least in part.In the search time that dish drives, read/write head 76 moves to desired location from an initial position.It is that read/write head 76 moves to and rest on the required time of position that it can carry out read/write operation to a specific mark road of disk 77 from initial position that dish drives 10 search time.

Can reduce computer disks like this and drive 10 search time: the order dish drives parts in 10, for example read/write head 76, move to another position from a position under the situation of any combinations of satisfying some vibration constraint conditions or constraint conditions such as physical restriction and/or parameter variation, wherein vibrating the aspect that constraint condition relates to has: mechanical vibration, acoustic frequency vibration, driver rack vibration etc.To describe several different methods that reduce these vibrations below in detail.Wherein a kind of technology relates to the system input of change as the functions specify of time.Another kind of technology relates to utilizes some dynamic factors (as the constraint condition etc.) to generate a position-speed (to call " PV " in the following text) table, to produce the PV table track that can reduce to vibrate.Here, term " input " and " track " or be meant controller need honor from reference command, or refer to feed-forward signal of part in the controller.Another technology of planting relates to the PV table of revising the current industrial standard, thereby constructs and use an improved PV table.Give the several method that generates the PV table and be used in combination the input shaper device ^TMWith PV table method to reduce not wish to vibrate.Give several modifications to the foregoing description, these schemes have different optimization degree and realize easy degree.

Which kind of technology processor 73 will determine to use according to various factors, and these factors for example have: the characteristic that the user drives input and the dish of GUI.For example can exchange the decrease of vibration and the robustness that parameter is changed with the time.In a given application, may be the function of move distance or other parameters for making the motion end condition can be accepted required vibration decrease.In this case, it will be useful removing to exchange shaping effect (meaning the vibration decrease) with training time, can accomplish that like this (i) makes machinery and acoustic frequency vibration all be reduced to acceptable degree (not being excessive decay), (ii) training time is less than the required time of overvibration decay that makes.When the bigger vibration attenuation of needs, can be with the reshaper of longer training time; When the less vibration attenuation of needs, can be with the reshaper of shorter training time; When not needing vibration damping, then can be without reshaper (being that training time is zero).In this example, reshaper is to select from one group of reshaper that discrete training time arranged.Also might be with single adjustable reshaper, the pulse interval reshaper that can shorten for example, it can realize shorter training time of wishing and the vibration decrease that reduces.

3.0 basic limiting parameter

One of technology that the present invention is used is a kind of like this method, and its command system is saturated with optimum way, still can reduce undesirable dynamic property simultaneously.Because all systems all can be saturated in some way, set up a kind of command trajectories method (command profiling approach) so propose a kind of method here, wherein will at first determine a basic limiting parameter of system, second step was that this parameter is applied order shaping technique or full track mark generation technique, and the 3rd step was to manage to allow the shaping order export to system.

The basic limiting parameter of a system is exactly the parameter that can make system saturated.Driving for computer disks, is that current order is being controlled system.But since voltage limit that drive power supply provided the electric current in the system, so basic limiting parameter is a voltage.By identifying the basic limiting parameter of system by this way, and handle this parameter here according to the technology that is proposed, just might be than the conventional art motion of control system more.

In the command trajectories method if do not use basic limiting parameter that several shortcomings will be arranged.There is not the method that can not make the saturated command signal of system that produces at first, in advance.If the permission system makes a signal saturated in any moment after using any command trajectories technology, then the effect that reduces to vibrate (or undesirable dynamic property) of command trajectories technology will reduce.The degree that reduces depends on the degree of saturation of this signal.Therefore usually can obtain the suboptimum track.For example, Figure 23 A and 23B show the optimum rigid body voltage commands (seeing below 6.3 joints about the discussion of rigid system pattern and the comparison of flexiblesystem pattern) that makes the dish drive system move 1 mark road and 3000 mark roads respectively.Owing to depend on the state (in this situation, depending on the speed that the reverse EMF because of the driver motor causes) of system corresponding to the optimal current order of this voltage, so be very complicated.If it is saturated that the designer wishes that the assurance system does not occur, then any simple current order must be suboptimization.3.1 joints of back will illustrate how this accomplishes.

For optimization motion, must be with causing saturation limit to system but the input that is no more than this limit comes command system.Do not select second shortcoming of basic limiting parameter to be, just not can not determine these saturation limits if do not consider the dynamic perfromance of total system.Therefore the solution of this problem is more complex.In addition, go in case a vibration constraint condition also is included in the problem, the complicacy of then finding the solution will further increase.And if selected correct basic limiting parameter, with regard to the input that can obtain to sound out near the unknown saturated and that do not need to overstep the extreme limit.

Another method that tackles the non-linear phenomena such as for example saturated that occurs in the forward path is that a Shaping Module is set in the nonlinear element back.For example, saturated if signal may take place along forward path, then this signal must be saturated before the shaping operation.(" DAC ") is saturated for digital-to-analog conversion, and the output of forward calculation may need to be limited within 16000 countings of plus or minus.Can keep the effect that reduces to vibrate if wish a certain shaping technique, output should be limited within 16000 countings, and then shaping.

Another tackles parameter method saturated and that keep the vibrations of the various technology of the present invention to reduce ability is that a signal is carried out presaturation.Need carry out a pre-saturated condition is, saturation element is (for example saturated appearing in the hardware amplifier) outside designer's range of control.At this moment it is unpractical will carrying out shaping after saturated.At this moment signal must be by presaturation and then shaping.Presaturation relates to determines that one the mathematic(al) representation of saturated condition will occur at the volley about system, and makes it saturated before signal is by shaping.

This carries out the shaping method of operating in any nonlinear block back and can be applicable to the technology introduced in next the 9th joint, and this technology is provided with the input shaper device in a loop ^TMWith contrary reshaper ^TMAny saturated or nonlinear operation must occur in reshaper ^TMWith contrary reshaper ^TMBetween the path outside, this rule has ubiquity.If loop is cut off and extracts out reshaper ^TMWith contrary reshaper ^TMBetween all dynamic elements, then these dynamic elements all must be linear (or approximately linears), reduce not wish the effect vibrated otherwise will reduce.Have, the presaturation technology can be applicable to following situation again: wherein saturation element is had to the position at reshaper ^TMWith contrary reshaper ^TMBetween.

3.1 when producing the forward signal of a different parameters, use basic limiting parameter

In dish drove, command current entered a trsanscondutance amplifier usually.The basic limiting parameter that dish drives is a voltage.But might produce can the restricted current order of sustaining voltage.This section explains how to produce such order.

Producing first method that can not surpass the current order of the system voltage limit is, finds the solution one group directly about the equation of order input, and in this situation, this order input is the feed-forward signal to trsanscondutance amplifier.Below equation be used to produce an energy the input of system's guiding zero final speed:

$\underset{i=1}{\overset{N}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{A}_i=0---\left(1\right)$

A wherein _IBe the amplitude of current order at time interval i, N is last time interval.Following equation is used for the speed V under definite each time interval i:

$V_i=C_{\mathrm{vscale}}\underset{j=1}{\overset{i-1}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{A}_j---\left(2\right)$

Wherein A is the electric current input, C _VscaleBe one and drive relevant constant with dish.Final alliance/state the P that wishes _FinalDetermine by following formula:

$P_{\mathrm{final}}=\underset{j=1}{\overset{N}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{V}_j---\left(3\right)$

Voltage limit constraint condition V _LimBy the maximal value of command voltage (normally drive electric source voltage).Drive for dish, its size is generally about 12V.V _LimLimit A by following formula:

$-V_{\lim }<\underset{i=1}{\overset{i}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{A}_{j-i+1}{R}_i<V_{\lim },j=1-N---\left(4\right)$

R wherein _iBe the impulse response of amplifier and drive system to voltage commands.This potential pulse response can be definite like this: gives to be connected unit pulse of amplifier output that dish drives, and the voltage responsive of measuring amplifier.R _iValue select with a plurality of treatment steps, as following general introduction.

Figure 35 illustrates a potential pulse response that is obtained by computer simulation.Smooth curve is the continuous voltage response.The step curve of rectangle shows digital sampling rate (or output rating the is seen below 7.1 joints) DT of system.At process T after system sends inceptive impulse _PeakFirst peak value has appearred in the time.First value of R can be definite like this: measure this peak value and it is set to first R value.The value of all back of R by after first peak value be with DT sample at interval definite.Staircase curve among the figure shows some actual values in this object lesson.Like this, the voltage curve of a complexity is simplified as the sampled point of lesser amt, and they will be used to a kind of technology in several solution techniques of the present invention.

Perhaps, impulse response R can be used as the dish demarcating steps of driving and calculates, and perhaps produces when design.Generate a required full detail of optimal current order and be included in (except the skewness that the back will be discussed) in this impulse response.Because amplifier is reasonably linear, so predict the saturated of amplifier according to this impulse response easily.In addition, impulse response may change along with the variation of a measurement parameter or estimation parameter.

The reverse EMF of driver sound coil motor may be significant to the influence of aforementioned calculation.If potential pulse response R is obtained by analytical Calculation (or according to certain Model Calculation), then because system will reach a limited speed because of an acceleration pulse, so voltage will be constant and non-vanishing under stable state.In Fig. 5, impulse response reached one little of (because the resolution of drawing should on the occasion of can't see).Experiment shows, because the spring effect of friction and flexible circuit, with this constant speed of elimination and make the read/write head stop motion of driver.In this case, should respond at potential pulse and add a constant term K who gets corresponding unit among the R _BEMFC _VSCALE, the influence that makes R can comprise reverse EMF also can be accepted more positive order.

Provided an illustrative computer code of writing with GAMS among the appendix B of back, it can be used for finding the solution the A value in the aforementioned equation 1 to 4.By finding the solution the system of equations among the appendix B, just can generate an optimum in time non-shaping current order.This set of equations can be found the solution with many diverse ways.For example, whole set of equations can be used as the optimization problem of having ready conditions and finds the solution, and target wherein is to obtain the shortest time to separate.Also can be find the solution, manage to try to achieve a feasible solution (for example Simplex find the solution the first step) earlier, reduce to answer the length N of vector then, up to no longer finding answer (can adopt the two-value search procedure here) by optimizing.Another method is to determine that earlier can predict a function of answering length, does not find out a feasible solution iteratively by any then.One of this anticipation function is the switching instant equation that provides in the appendix A, to this back explanation will be arranged.Another kind method is that answer is carried out curve fitting.In this case, as long as the curve prediction function can be estimated excessively to answer length and can not be underestimated, then do not need an accurate answer.

Also might obtain a non-shaping order of optimization that does not belong to the basic limiting parameter of system in real time.For example, can be as follows, find the solution electric current (A) (certainly, the present invention does not limit to and is applied to electric current and voltage, and it also can be applied to arbitrary parameter) by an end value setting basic limiting parameter (being voltage V) here.The fact of this method institute basis is, maximum current order output valve and former output valve have following relation.

$A\left(i\right)=\frac{V_{\max }\underset{j=2}{\overset{i}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}A(i+1-j)R\left(j\right)}{R\left(i\right)}---\left(5\right)$

Wherein R is the potential pulse response; V _Max(or any A of satisfying when being acceleration _I+1＞A _iSituation) maximum voltage V _Lim, or (or anyly satisfy A when slowing down _I+1＜A _iSituation) a V _LimFormula (5) supposition has comprised the reverse EMF of driver sound coil motor in R (j).If desired, can be added to reverse EMF item among the R (j) as previously mentioned.Because the value of R (j) is only not obvious on a few sampled point to be zero, so formula (5) can further be simplified.As a result, for a kind of effective being similar to, can only use a few sample in R (j) sequence.If abandoned some samples in a kind of effective being similar to, then can add a value in formula (5): the reverse EMF of driver sound coil motor is multiplied by and is dropped number of samples, does to make answer that bigger precision is arranged when this product can not be ignored like this.

Utilize formula (5) can generate a rigid body current order length by length, wherein the result in each step is only relevant with the value of back.At first system is accelerated.Calculate each current step by formula (5).System slowdown then.For putting situation about descending with constant speed at the volley, retarded velocity can vanishing, perhaps changes to negative deceleration and stops then.V in the change formula (5) _MaxSign just can calculate retarded velocity.When speed descends, the subordinate phase that reduces speed now (is still utilized negative value V _MaxFormula (5)).At last, after deceleration was finished, the process of getting back to zero current was still by formula (5) control, but V at this moment _MaxValue for just.

Unique unknown quantity is the changing moment between each stage in the previous equations.There is SOME METHODS to address this problem.With the shaping of deriving in 6.9 joints below ^TMSwitching instant can be taken as the reasonable estimation of changing moment; Though also can adopt any curve fitting or look-up table method.Because in many dishes drive, current locus usually can use and calibrates the search distance of certain limit, so look-up table is with particularly useful.The final position is with out of true and the necessary zero velocity that guarantees when in addition, using this method.The zero velocity problem means extra constraint condition of needs when calculating end value.Formula (5) has been stipulated the limit of current value, therefore for example can be no more than any value more negative than calculated value of employing under the situation of this limit when slowing down.As a result, can select end value to make that the summation of current value is zero (not having residual speed).The distance of motion is with not correct (but very approaching).Final step comes scaled waveform linearly with percentage error, and end value is come right.This operation even a part that can be used as next step (shaping operation) are carried out.Reshaper can be demarcated and then with rigid body current order convolution mutually.Another kind of way is to increase the N value, thereby has increased extra sampled point, directly extra A (i) is found the solution then, and the speed that makes equals zero and the position equals " final position ".

Can make various variations to said method, to reduce calculated amount.Also have any vibration suppression technology can be applied to the rigid body current order that is produced.Have again, can in calculation procedure, change V _MaxTo optimize the calibration amount.For example, will then can be calculated a more positive value and (use bigger V by shaping (thereby its amplitude will reduce) if know current order _Max).

The speed that the physics amplifier can change voltage has a limited restriction.The impulse response of calculating does not above consider to arrive this restriction.Be noted that and use the mode the same, when numeral is found the solution, current amplifier is added in the system of equations the constraint condition that voltage changes speed with every other constraint condition.When allowing input to have to change fast, it is important that skew ratio will become.The skew ratio formula is simple.For example, an amplifier chip may be limited on every millisecond of 1.25V.The voltage constraint condition that is used for calculating input is the minimum value of the voltage that is produced by above-mentioned voltage limit constraint condition or (front voltage+(A (i)-A (i-1)) * voltage change rate limit) when getting exact unit.

3.2 the calibration again of electric current input

The current order that last joint is produced is can calibrate (convergent-divergent) fully.For example, generated an optimal current order and carried out shaping thereafter as if search to 5 mark roads, then can be by realizing importing to calibrate again as scaling factor with 4/5 simply for the searching movement in 4 mark roads.Both run durations then are simple with identical but calculate.The main points here are, the amplitude of shaping campaign can convergent-divergent, and this motion reduces vibration and noise serially.

4.0 expansion in partial fractions equation system model

In case determined a parameter in the system, for example basic limiting parameter just can be with the input of this parameter generating system.In order to produce the input that can cause reducing system vibration, at first need to produce one group of simple equation that can define this system.The first step that produces this system equation is that a simple system model is write out transport function.

Figure 11 illustrates a third-order model for the dish drive system shown in Figure 10 A and 10B.For system shown in Figure 11 80, import a voltage V and make it to move to place, a certain specific mark road on the recording medium with the motion of control read/write head 9.For this reason, each module in the system 80 converts voltage V to current i, current i is converted to torque tau, torque tau is converted to frequency w, frequency w is converted to speed V, speed V is converted to mark road number/second from meter per second, and mark road number/convert to the second position in a specific mark road on the recording mediums such as disk.

For system 80 is produced a set of equations, at first need determine its transfer function H (S).(S) is as follows for the transfer function H of system 80:

$H\left(S\right)=\frac{K_t\mathrm{lk}}{(I_g{s}^2{J}_{\mathrm{in}}+(I_e{R}_m+R_e{J}_{\mathrm{in}})s+R_e{R}_m+K_t{K}_b)s}---\left(6\right)$

Wherein, K _tBe the torque constant of motor, K _bBe reverse EMF constant, l is the actuating arm radius, and k is corresponding to the mark track density on the recording medium, and Ig is the inductance of sound coil in the motor, J _InRelevant with the inertia of rotor, R _mCorresponding to the size of viscous friction in the motor, R _eCorresponding to resistance sizes in the system.

With three parameter A, a, b H (S) is write as transfer function H of equal value below _Eq(S):

$H_{\mathrm{eq}}\left(s\right)=\frac{\mathrm{Aab}}{s(s+a)(s+b)}---\left(7\right)$

Wherein A is corresponding to a scaling factor, and a and b are corresponding to the time constant inverse.Specifically, if, then have with the parametric representation in the formula (6)

$A=\frac{K_t\mathrm{lk}}{R_e{R}_m+K_t{K}_b}---\left(8\right)$

Variable a and b separate S corresponding to two of S in the following equation ₁And S ₂, following equation is the quadratic behavior equation of deriving from formula (6):

H (s) is being write as transfer function H of equal value _Eq(s) afterwards, just can be to H _Eq(s) carry out

I _gJ _ins ²+(I _gR _m+R _gJ _in)s+R _eR _m+K _tK _b＝0 (9)

Pattern analysis or expansion in partial fractions appear in each discrete item each limit of system respectively.H _Eq(s) expansion in partial fractions is as follows:

$H_{\mathrm{eq}}\left(s\right)=\frac{A}{s}+\frac{\mathrm{Ab}}{(b+a)(s+a)}+\frac{\mathrm{Aa}}{(a+b)(s+b)}---\left(10\right)$

Then can the middle H of wushu (10) _Eq(s) each write as:

$F_1\left(s\right)=\frac{A}{s}$

$F_2\left(s\right)=\frac{\mathrm{Ab}}{(b+a)(s+a)}---\left(11\right)$

$F_3\left(s\right)=\frac{\mathrm{Aa}}{(a+b)(s+b)}$

According to formula (11), can determine each time domain response to a unit step (as the unit voltage step) input.These time domain responses are as follows:

F ₁(t)＝A _t

$F_2\left(t\right)=\frac{\mathrm{Ab}}{a(-b+a)}-\frac{\mathrm{Ab}}{c^{\mathrm{at}}a(-b+a)}$

$=\frac{\mathrm{Ab}}{a(-b+a)}\&times;(1-e^{-\mathrm{at}})$

$F_3\left(t\right)=-\frac{\mathrm{Aa}}{b(-b+a)}+\frac{\mathrm{Aa}}{e^{\mathrm{bt}}b(-b+a)}---\left(12\right)$

$=\frac{\mathrm{Aa}}{b(-a+b)}\&times;(1-e^{-\mathrm{bt}})$

By above-mentioned " step response " to the time differentiate, can also obtain the response of system to the unit point pulse.

In order to solve system's input from formula (12), must determine F ₁(t), F ₂(t), F ₃(t) value.Close examination is about F ₁(t), F ₂(t), F ₃(t) equation can be found to be input as zero for system, and (this time was write as " t later when promptly motion finished _End") situation, F when t is tending towards unlimited ₂(t), F ₃(t) will be zero.Because at moment t _EndBe input as zero, so F thereafter ₂(t), F ₃(t) response will decay.So, in order to obtain moving on to the tram to read/write head and to stop at the system input of this state, F ₂(t) and F ₃(t) must be at moment t _EndIn time, equal zero.In addition, because moment t _EndBe input as zero afterwards, F ₁(t) value is at moment t _EndMust no longer change.These two condition equivalences require to have the condition of zero velocity and zero acceleration (or zero current) when motion finishes.

Therefore, the situation of zero velocity and zero acceleration is arranged when finishing for motion, have only F ₁(t) ability has contribution to the rearmost position.Each pattern, i.e. F have been comprised so just can write out one ₁(t), F ₂(t), F ₃(t), corresponding to the motion finish time t _EndThe expression formula of response, wherein suppose voltage V ₀At moment t ₀Input, and have changing moment t ₁And t ₂Like this, XF given below ₁(t _End) defined F ₁(t) at moment t _EndTo the contribution of position, XF given below ₂(t _End) defined F ₂(t) at moment t _EndTo the contribution of position, xF given below ₃(t _End)

XF ₁(t _end)＝V ₀F ₁(t _end-t ₀)-2V ₀F ₁(t _end-t ₁)+2V ₀F ₁(t _end-t ₂)

XF ₂(t _end)＝V ₀F ₂(t _end-t ₀)-2V ₀F ₂(t _end-t ₁)+2V ₀F ₂(t _end-t ₂) (13)

XF ₃(t _end)＝V ₀F ₃(t _end-t ₀)-2V ₀F ₃(t _end-t ₁)+2V ₀F ₃(t _end-t ₂)

Defined F ₃(t) at moment t _EndContribution to the position:

So, moment t _EndTotal move distance be:

As previously mentioned, when being input as zero i.e. motion end, if t is tending towards unlimited F ₂(t), F ₃(t) will go to zero.So F is only arranged when the time is tending towards unlimited in formula (13) ₁(t) an ability contraposition is equipped with contribution.This has just caused following three constraining equations that must satisfy, and has only full

XF ₁(t _end)+XF ₂(t _end)+XF ₃(t _end) (14)

These equations of foot could guarantee that third-order system can reach desirable final position with the minimum basically time, has zero velocity and zero acceleration simultaneously basically.

XF ₁(t _end)＝Finalpos

XF ₂(t _end)＝0 (15)

XF ₃(t _end)＝0

The end position of Finalpos representative system (or " finally " position) wherein.Because these equations reach the final position by the requirement of third-order model and basic zero velocity and zero acceleration, so they are corresponding to rigid body mode kinematic constraint condition.

According to top described can derivation dish drive system to a digital model of the response of unit point pulse.Figure 24 illustrates a digital voltage incoming wave shape.The waveform of Figure 24 can be understood as a series of pulses shown in Figure 25.Each such pulse can be expressed as a pair of some pulse shown in Figure 26.First digit constraint condition is by realizing that final position Finalpos determines that it is proportional to the area that voltage waveform surrounds, i.e. the integration of voltage waveform.Can determine its area by check Figure 24 voltage waveform.Specifically, this area is:

$\mathrm{Finalpos}=\underset{i=1}{\overset{N}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{V}_i\mathrm{A\&Delta;t}---\left(16\right)$

" V wherein _iΔ t " corresponding to the area of pulse " i ".The V of negative value _iTo from summation, deduct.

All the other two digital constraint conditions are determined by the some pulse summation of Figure 26 voltage waveform.Specifically, as previously mentioned, the some impulse response of system can be determined by the step response expression formula being carried out differentiate.For above-mentioned F ₂(t) and F ₃(t), some impulse response formula is:

$\frac{d}{\mathrm{dt}}\left(F_2\left(t\right)\right)=\frac{\mathrm{Ab}}{b-a}{e}^{-\mathrm{at}}$

$={{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="F"\; filenames="C20041007848000741.png,C20041007848000811.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">F</figure-callout>}}_2}^{\&prime;}$

$\frac{d}{\mathrm{dt}}\left(F_3\left(t\right)\right)=\frac{\mathrm{Aa}}{a-b}{e}^{-\mathrm{bt}}---\left(17\right)$

${{=\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="F"\; filenames="C20041007848000911.png,C20041007848000991.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">F</figure-callout>}}_3}^{\&prime;}$

According to equation of constraint (12), moment t _EndThe response of the some spike train of the voltage summation of place's voltage waveform need be set at zero, so just can determine second and the 3rd constraint condition:

$0=\underset{i=1}{\overset{N}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{V}_i({{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="F"\; filenames="C20041007848000741.png,C20041007848000811.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">F</figure-callout>}}_2}^{\&prime;}(T_{\mathrm{end}}-T_i+\mathrm{\&Delta;t})-{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="F"\; filenames="C20041007848000741.png,C20041007848000811.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">F</figure-callout>}}_2}^{\&prime;}(T_{\mathrm{end}}-T_i))$

$=\underset{i=1}{\overset{N}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{V}_i\frac{\mathrm{Ab}}{b-a}(e^{-a(T_{\mathrm{end}}-T_i+\mathrm{\&Delta;t})}-e^{-a(T_{\mathrm{end}}-T_i)})$

$0=\underset{i-1}{\overset{N}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{V}_i({{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="F"\; filenames="C20041007848000911.png,C20041007848000991.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">F</figure-callout>}}_3}^{\&prime;}(T_{\mathrm{end}}-\mathrm{Ti}+\mathrm{\&Delta;t})-{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="F"\; filenames="C20041007848000911.png,C20041007848000991.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">F</figure-callout>}}_3}^{\&prime;}(T_{\mathrm{end}}-\mathrm{Ti}))---\left(18\right)$

$=\underset{i=1}{\overset{N}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{V}_i\frac{\mathrm{Aa}}{a-b}\left(e^{-b(T_{\mathrm{end}}-\mathrm{Ti}+\mathrm{\&Delta;t})}\right)-e^{-b(T_{\mathrm{end}}-T_i)})$

Like this, corresponding to coiling the expansion in partial fractions system of equations of drive system be to the digital model of the response of unit point pulse:

$\mathrm{Finalpos}=\underset{i=1}{\overset{N}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{V}_i\mathrm{A\&Delta;t}$

$O=\underset{i=1}{\overset{N}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{V}_i\frac{\mathrm{Ab}}{b-a}(e^{-a(T_{\mathrm{end}}-\mathrm{Ti}+\mathrm{\&Delta;t})}-e^{-a(T_{\mathrm{end}}-\mathrm{Ti})})---\left(19\right)$

$O=\underset{i=1}{\overset{N}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{V}_i\frac{\mathrm{Aa}}{a-b}(e^{-b(T_{\mathrm{end}}-\mathrm{Ti}+\mathrm{\&Delta;t})}-e^{-b(T_{\mathrm{end}}-\mathrm{Ti})})$

Wherein Finalpos, A, a, b and t _End(T _End) the existing definition in front, V _iBe voltage input to system, T _iBe input V _iThe moment, Δ t be the input V _iThe time interval.

System of equations (19) can be used for finding the solution the input V of system that can cause zero velocity and zero acceleration when motion finishes substantially _iThese equations can be found the solution with many kinds of methods.For example, can find the solution according to their constraint condition or in conjunction with other various constraint conditions with the linear programming method.The example of other constraint conditions has vibration limiting and physical restriction such as power consumption, heating.Also have, as below going through, the conitnuous forms of these equations can be used for finding the solution the voltage switching instant.

5.0 produce " sports-like "

Above the technology that proposes of the 3rd and the 4th joint determined that the input of system, these technology have utilized whole abilities of system drive substantially and be used to reduce system vibration (comprise machinery with sound).Can also use several technology to produce system's input that (or enhancing) can further reduce system vibration in combination individually or with above-mentioned technology.

For the application's purpose, definition " sports-like " is a kind of like this motion, one of them system unit moves to a nominal final position along a track from a reference position, make the moment that arrives its nominal position at these parts, its vibration will be equal to or less than a certain acceptable size, wherein may have one or several predetermined constraint conditions.For computer disks drives, this means when the drive read writing head arrives its nominal final position, just can carry out read-write operation immediately to recording medium.But sports-like also is the motion that a kind of noise that it causes is equal to or less than a certain acceptance threshold simultaneously.Otherwise " bad luck is moving " for example is such motion, and wherein when parts arrived its nominal final position, its magnitude of vibrations was unacceptable.For the situation that computer disks drives, this means that when the drive read writing head arrives its nominal final position its vibration is too big so that can not accurately carry out read-write operation.But bad luck is moving also to be a kind of by the motion of its noise that causes greater than acceptance threshold.

Here the method for being summarized strong result is, can calculate the rigid body order with one of multiple technologies that comprise system of equations 19 or the 3.1 current-mode technology that save.Secondly, can then proofread and correct other dynamic perfromances of for example flexible pattern, acoustic mode or other dynamic effects etc. with following described the whole bag of tricks.Drive for dish, this processing for example comprises: determining for a large amount of drivers and every kind of movement length (or movement length scope) which frequency can be heard maybe can influence search time.Can produce then and can limit these frequencies or the wherein motion of the amplitude of some efficient.Also can be only appearing in frequency in a part of driver is included in, or suppressing these frequencies selectively.By adopting following any technology can reduce the influence of institute's selected frequency.

5.1 vibration limiting and sensitivity constraint condition

This technology that produces sports-like is attached to physical constraint in the system model.A kind of such pattern is an aforesaid expansion in partial fractions system of equations (19).In order to produce sports-like according to this technology, first step should be to select one or several physical constraint.The constraint of the restricted vibration of the example of physical constraint (machinery with acoustics) and parameter changed insensitive constraint.

Can be added in the system equation and go parameter is changed insensitive constraint with several method.For example, can be added in the equation of constraint then and go the expansion in partial fractions formula to a certain special parameter differentiate.The U.S. Patent No. 5 that this technology is presented to people such as Singhose on June 10th, 1997,638,267 and the U.S. Patent No. 4 that is presented to people such as Singer April 10 nineteen ninety, 916, detailed explanation is arranged in 635, the full content of these two patents is all quoted as a reference by the application, similarly is here to provide.In addition, can come a certain given parameter having deferent value is set a series of constraints with Sampling techniques, with the influence of variation that limits this parameter to separating.For example, utilize this technology,, just can obtain 10% sensitivity 1000H2 if 900Hz, 920Hz are set constraint condition up to 1100Hz at least.In U.S. Patent No. 5,638, provided a kind of variant of this technology in 267.

According to the present invention, can select some constraint condition bundles to reduce system vibration in 100% ground basically, perhaps system vibration is restricted to one less than 100%, for example between 50% to 70%, decrease number percent on.Can determine to use which constraint condition to make system vibration reduce such number percent do computer simulation by experiment or to system.The decrease that selection can make system vibration less than the constraint condition of 100% (for example between 50% to 70%) for the situation that can not occur the situation of excessive vibration in the system and not need to reduce significantly vibration (comprising the vibration that causes by noise) with particularly useful.In these situations, because constraint condition is looser, the system's input that obtains will have the short time.The motion of system as a result will be faster than requiring 100% situation that reduces to vibrate.In general, between run duration and the strict constraint condition of use, be contradictory, need compromise to consider.That is to say, use strict constraint condition can further reduce vibration, but run duration will increase.

For the vibration that obtains wishing reduces, may need the vibration equation of constraint is calibrated.Specifically, for the aforementioned model of dish drive system, be relative about the formula of Oscillation Amplitude.This is because the rigid body mode equation is not considered flexible body equation (will illustrate in 6.3 joints).If system has been derived complete system of equations (being rigid body and flexible body equation), to they applying portion mark method of deploying, then the scale of the coefficient of vibrational term will accord with particular problem then.Yet, because these two kinds of equations are to derive and then utilize technology described herein to combine respectively, thus be unknown to its relative scale of above-mentioned equation, so must the artificially calibration.Then do not need calibration for zero vibration.For other situations, can be with in several calibrating methods a kind of.For example, can select to gain arbitrarily, and sequence is as a result imposed on system.Can measure the vibration of generation then, come to multiply each other with the ratio of prediction magnitude of vibrations again with the vibration constraint formulations divided by the actual magnitude of vibrations that records.

As an example, consider the quartic transfer function shown in the following formula (20).This transport function is corresponding to the position response of a simple quality-spring-quality system to an input power.

$H\left(s\right)=\frac{C}{s^2}*\frac{{\mathrm{\&omega;}}^2}{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="s"\; filenames="C20041007848000741.png,C20041007848000811.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">s</figure-callout>}}^2+2\mathrm{z\&omega;s}+{\mathrm{\&omega;}}^2}---\left(20\right)$

First of this transport function

$\frac{C}{S^2}---\left(21\right)$

Corresponding to rigid motion, and second

$\frac{{\mathrm{\&omega;}}^2}{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="s"\; filenames="C20041007848000741.png,C20041007848000811.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">s</figure-callout>}}^2+2\mathrm{z\&omega;s}+{\mathrm{\&omega;}}^2}---\left(22\right)$

Then corresponding to the vibration mode of a non-decay Native digits ω and attenuation rate z.When transport function (20) is launched into the partial fraction form, will obtain following three:

$H\left(S\right)=\frac{-2\mathrm{zC}}{\mathrm{\&omega;s}}+\frac{C}{s^2}+\frac{C(-\mathrm{\&omega;}+{4\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="z"\; filenames="C20041007848000741.png,C20041007848000811.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">z</figure-callout>}}^2\mathrm{\&omega;}+2\mathrm{zs})}{\mathrm{\&omega;}({\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="s"\; filenames="C20041007848000741.png,C20041007848000811.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">s</figure-callout>}}^2+2\mathrm{z\&omega;s}+{\mathrm{\&omega;}}^2)}---\left(23\right)$

$\frac{C(-\mathrm{\&omega;}+{4\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="z"\; filenames="C20041007848000741.png,C20041007848000811.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">z</figure-callout>}}^2\mathrm{\&omega;}+2\mathrm{zs})}{\mathrm{\&omega;}({\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="s"\; filenames="C20041007848000741.png,C20041007848000811.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">s</figure-callout>}}^2+2\mathrm{z\&omega;s}+{\mathrm{\&omega;}}^2)}---\left(24\right)$

The 3rd of following formula

Corresponding to the transport function of vibration mode, it should be compared with the second order vibrational term in the original transport function.Utilize inverse laplace transform, can determine that the time domain point impulse response of this vibration mode is

$\frac{-C{e}^{-z{\mathrm{\&omega;}}^t}\sinh \left(\mathrm{\&omega;}\sqrt{-1+z^2}t\right)}{\mathrm{\&omega;}\sqrt{-1+{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="z"\; filenames="C20041007848000741.png,C20041007848000811.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">z</figure-callout>}}^2}}$

$+\frac{2C{z}^2{e}^{-z{\mathrm{\&omega;}}^t}\sinh \left(\mathrm{\&omega;}\sqrt{-1+z^2}t\right)}{\mathrm{\&omega;}\sqrt{-1+z^2}}---\left(25\right)$

$+\frac{2\mathrm{Cz}{e}^{-\mathrm{z\&omega;t}}\cosh \left(\mathrm{\&omega;}\sqrt{-1+z^2}t\right)}{\mathrm{\&omega;}}$

Utilize suitable triangle formula, the time domain response of vibration mode can be reduced in the formula (25):

$\frac{-C{e}^{-\mathrm{z\&omega;t}}\sin \left({\mathrm{\&omega;}}_{d}t\right)}{{\mathrm{\&omega;}}_d}+\frac{2C{z}^2{e}^{-\mathrm{z\&omega;t}}\sin \left({\mathrm{\&omega;}}_{d}t\right)}{{\mathrm{\&omega;}}_d}+\frac{2\mathrm{Cz}{e}^{-\mathrm{z\&omega;t}}\cos \left({\mathrm{\&omega;}}_{d}t\right)}{\mathrm{\&omega;}}---\left(26\right)$

Perhaps, merge and to obtain after every:

ω wherein _dBe the decay free-running frequency:

$C{e}^{-\mathrm{zwt}}*[\frac{({2z}^2-1)\sin {\mathrm{\&omega;}}_{d}t}{{\mathrm{\&omega;}}_d}+\frac{2z\cos {\mathrm{\&omega;}}_{d}t}{\mathrm{\&omega;}}]---\left(27\right)$

${\mathrm{\&omega;}}_d=\mathrm{\&omega;}\sqrt{1-z^2}---\left(28\right)$

As above the some impulse response expression formula of Dao Chuing can directly be used for setting up a quantitative equation of constraint, and also, the big I of equation of constraint is set to the position magnitude of vibrations that is less than or equal to a reality.

The general type that is noted that formula (27) is that a frequency is ω _dThe phase shift sine wave.This sine wave also is subjected to the modulation of the envelope of a damped expoential with following time constant

$\frac{1}{\mathrm{z\&omega;}}---\left(29\right)$

Formula (27) can be used amount of phase shift phi and scaling factor C ₁Rewrite as follows:

C ₁e? ^zωt?sin(ω _dt+Φ) (30)

This form that should wushu (27) is compared with the expression formula of the some impulse response of an isolated second-order system.This second-order system is defined as second definition of original transfer function H (S):

$\frac{{\mathrm{\&omega;}}^2}{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="s"\; filenames="C20041007848000741.png,C20041007848000811.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">s</figure-callout>}}^2+2\mathrm{z\&omega;s}+{\mathrm{\&omega;}}^2}---\left(31\right)$

The point impulse response of this second-order system is:

$\frac{\mathrm{\&omega;}}{{\mathrm{\&omega;}}_d}*e^{\mathrm{z\&omega;t}}\sin ({\mathrm{\&omega;}}_{d}t+\mathrm{\&Phi;})---\left(32\right)$

Because we only are concerned about the size of residual oscillation, phase shift φ is unimportant, so as long as scaling factor ω/ω _dUse C ₁Substitute, just can constitute quantitative constraint condition with the expression formula of isolated second-order system.Parameters C ₁, z ω and ω _dCan be determined by experiment in order to following method: (i) real system is applied a some pulse input, and carry out following steps: (ii) estimate the vibration period and be calculated as follows ω according to experimental data _d:

${\mathrm{\&omega;}}_d=\frac{2\mathrm{\&pi;}}{\mathrm{\&tau;}}---\left(33\right)$

Wherein τ is the cycle; (iii) estimation decay envelope is to determine z ω; And (iv) estimate actual amplitude to determine C ₁

After having selected constraint condition,, solve every track bid value on each time point that is subjected to selected constraints limit then to a track digitizing based on aforementioned criteria.Can obtain more simply and, can easily find the solution complete system trajectory the digitizing of track from these system of equations usually for linear system of equations.But, of the present inventionly be not limited to this mode solving system equation.That is to say, for the present invention, can adopt any known technology to come the solving system equation.The digitizing rate that is adopted be one to the influential factor of successful implementation of the present invention.Next 7.1 joints will be discussed this problem.

5.2 input shaper ^TM

The technology of this generation sports-like has been utilized input shaper ^TMAnd equivalent technique.Input shaper ^TMAn example be, in order to reduce undesirable system vibration with a function and system input convolution mutually.The example of system's input comprises electric current and voltage.Concrete input shaper ^TMU.S. Patent No. 5,638,267 and No.4 that method is incorporated by reference in front have detailed description in 916,635.

According to this technology, import by shaping to produce desirable output such as systems such as voltage commands or speed.For example, this input can by with a system that can reduce to comprise flexible pattern in the some pulse train of not wishing to vibrate mutually convolution be transfused to shaping ^TMPerhaps, the shaping of input also can realize with in the given here filtering technique one or several, perhaps realize with any other known order forming technique.

5.3 filtering

Except above-mentioned input shaper ^TMOutside, can also produce the input that can provide sports-like with the common shaping methods of any kind.For example, also might by with no point of accumulation impulse response (IIR) or finite point impulse response (FIR) thus wave filter comes the filtering track to produce sports-like, comprised near those wave filters that system's limit, have null value as described below in these wave filters.

5.4 the least square solution of frequency sampling

The also input that can produce the sports-like that can produce the computer disks drive system with a kind of common least square method.U.S. Patent No. 5,638 has provided an example of this method in 267.This method also can be used for limiting the vibrational excitation of higher order mode.

5.5 selectivity shaping ^TM

In some cases, input shaper ^TM, filtering etc. may increase search time.But, input shaper device ^TMLength be directly connected to the cycle that is reduced vibration.At low frequency, promptly under the long period, because of the input shaper device ^TMThe search time increase that causes may account for the larger proportion of total search time.This drives for computer disks is particular importance.That is to say, because the bearing that drives of computer disks need have certain adaptability when being installed in its shell, so the vibration of lower frequency may take place.For example, the cycle of the bearing resonance frequency correspondence of 200Hz will be 5ms.At this moment, three pulse input shaper devices ^TMThe cycle that 5ms also will be arranged.So,, then work as this input shaper device if the average search time that computer disks drives is 10ms ^TMWhen being applied to all motions, average search time will increase 50%.

According to above-mentioned, preferably can use the input shaper device selectively ^TMOwing to be not that all motions all can cause undesirable vibration, be possible so do like this.That is to say that some motion is good natively, promptly only can produce less vibration, some motion is then natural to be bad, promptly can produce excessive vibration.By to a certain its equation of constraint of given estimation, it is good or bad to prejudge this motion and be.That is to say, can judge whether a motion can motivate the vibration that surpasses the predetermined vibration size in the system.Then only the input shaper device ^TMBe applied to motivate those motions that surpass pre-sizing vibration.Like this, only have those to motivate and surpass pre-sizing vibration, for example 30% of the motion substrate, motion just need shaping ^TM

According to above-mentioned, the invention provides such advantage, promptly use input shaper to be less than the search time recruitment that non-selective shaping caused ^TMAnd, according to the present invention, input shaper ^TMDegree, or the number of constrained type can be according to good, the bad degree of a motion, promptly the magnitude of vibrations that is encouraged according to a motion changes.For example, if a certain motion only needs very little input shaper ^TM, then to this input shaper device that moves and use ^TMThe some pulse sequence length can reduce.

Drive for computer disks, with regard to a certain given frequency-of-interest, can estimate the fine or not degree of a motion by the stack of each composition under this frequency in the consideration input.Figure 12 illustrates an example of this stack, and wherein interested frequency is 200Hz, and the moving boundary threshold of good/bad luck marks by 81.Investigating boundary threshold 81 can obviously find out, the motion near the scope of move distance about 1800 mark roads and 7000 mark roads is natural to be sports-like.On the other hand, the move distance that need reduce to vibrate illustrates with the cross-hatched district in Figure 12.For these move distances, required vibration decrease can be determined by good degree and the good/bad ratio of demarcating threshold value of obtaining motion.The input shaper device required to each move distance ^TMLength can determine according to this ratio.

Specifically, input shaper device ^TMThe big I of response and the vibration of hope reduce (" mag ") and connect, to derive one about revising the input shaper device ^TMExpression formula.Revise two pulse shapers for one ^TMThe expression formula of period tau be:

$\mathrm{\&tau;}=\frac{\arccos (2\mathrm{ma}{g}^2-1)}{2\mathrm{\&pi;f}}---\left(34\right)$

It may be noted that above-mentioned expression formula is an analytical expression, therefore be suitable for online, calculating in real time.For the unit-sized reshaper ^TM(mag=1), do not vibrate and reduce, above-mentioned expression formula becomes

τ＝0 (35)

So at two pulse matchings of moment t=0.For zero big or small reshaper ^TM(mag=0), will carry out 100% vibration and reduce, above-mentioned expression formula becomes

$\mathrm{\&tau;}=\frac{1}{2f}---\left(36\right)$

Or 1/2 cycle.For the intermediate value of mag, this expression formula will produce the reshaper of intermediate value ^TMPeriod tau.For example, if mag=0.5, then

$\mathrm{\&tau;}=\frac{1}{3f}---\left(37\right)$

Only illustrated two and the input shaper device of 3 pulses though be noted that the front here ^TM, but the same input shaper device that uses more than the pulse of three points of the present invention ^TMWith the reshaper that adopts other technologies.Though be also pointed out that and The present invention be directed to the input shaper device ^TMIllustrate, but also can use any shaping technique.For example, be considered to the moving motion of bad luck and can use the FIR wave filter, iir filter, any reshaper or even be generalized to any any method that reaches the object of the invention, come shaping selectively.In addition, that can be judged as according to a certain motion or bad come selectively constraint conditions such as vibration limiting constraint to be added to go in the system equation, and the system of equations that obtains can be used for solving complete movement locus.In order to reach same effect, also can solve movement locus and tabulating off-line.

5.6 control voltage by forcing switching instant

Dish drives and works in current-mode, this means that their operation is controlled by current order.Because saturated phenomenon betides voltage, so there is not method to judge whether a certain concrete current order can make system's saturated (except 3.1 joints of front) usually.So electricity consumption diffluence command system may not can produce the motion of hope.The method that the present invention addresses this problem is the saturated electric current of voltage input that one of order can guarantee to make system.The present invention just can be along either party's command voltage always like this.That is to say, might provide current order, switch but be actually command voltage to system.

Say that in more detail many dish drive systems utilize a closed loop current control system to control the electric current that flows through the sound coil motor.Closed loop controller in this system makes might stipulate such current order, produces a constant torque when motor is applied this order.Specifically, closed loop controller is regulated the size of current of voltage to keep wishing that is added on the motor.Yet sort controller is subjected to some restrictions.Specifically, the available maximum voltage of the controller restriction of being coiled driving power.So, if for obtaining the maximum voltage that the required voltage of a certain specific currents is higher than power supply, then controller with saturated in this maximum voltage, thereby the electric current that can not obtain wishing.

Though above-mentioned situation can be regarded a shortcoming as, in fact it can be an advantage, and this is that wherein supply voltage just is connected the two ends of motor simply because can utilize saturatedly to come to remove the operating current controller with not a kind of pattern.In other words, controller will be worked by the open-loop voltage switched system, thereby it no longer is the closed loop current control system.Consequently, might generate other control strategy and movement locus formula.Thisly come the technology of command voltage to also have other benefit with Current Control, promptly driving in the search process at dish can the working voltage order; Yet, for the mark road is followed the tracks of, still can under the situation that does not change any system hardware, use normal current order pattern.

Use above-mentioned open-loop voltage control technology may need a series of accurate sequential orders to reach vibration suppressioning effect.7.1 following joints will propose various technology and realize this accurate sequential order.If these orders are not the basic limiting parameters at system, then also can produce with the method for 3.1 joints.If these orders then can be used the technology of the 4th and the 5th joint at basic limiting parameter.

Here should illustrate,, often not use basic limiting parameter to go command system because the restriction of hardware (for example coil tracking control unit in the drive system to current order but not voltage commands design).Drive situation for dish, by transforming the amplifier of driver, might be in a certain operator scheme, seek operations for example, middle working voltage order; And in another kind of operator scheme, for example follow the tracks of operation, in be transformed into the use current order.Like this, for instance, can in following the tracks of operation, use the technology of 3.1 joints, and in seek operations, use the technology of the 4th, the 5th joint.

5.7 other technologies

Except aforementioned techniques, also available other technologies generate the input that (or enhancing) can produce sports-like.For example, might utilize any systematic parameter determined to adjust arbitrary aforementioned techniques in real time.Specifically, for example a certain systematic parameter such as temperature or resistance can be determined, and uses when producing sports-like.In addition, can produce sports-like with (being Posicast) symmetry or multistep input.To discuss as following Section 11, the transformation part in input or the feed-forward signal when motion beginning, centre and/or end also can be changed, with the vibration that reduces to move and cause.Can also add other constraint condition with the control vibration to system.For example, these constraint conditions may be symmetrical, may be the functions of time or position, and/or may relation be arranged with the ZV restriction that thermal limit, electric current restriction, dutycycle and/or dish drive.Have again, be noted that arbitrary technology of the generation sports-like of setting up previously all can be carried out in real time, and aforementioned shaping because each of an input changes all corresponding to the part of entire motion ^TMCan only partly carry out with filtering method the fast transition of motion.The Section 11 of seeing below.

Aforesaid reshaper ^TMPreferably all be stored in the storer with wave filter, and carry out by a processor in the system as the executable treatment step of computing machine.But, the present invention also can implement with fuzzy logic controller, at this moment can implant the input shaper device in a fuzzy logic module ^TMPerhaps direct implant system equation of constraint directly separates.Type ground, the present invention can implement with nerve network controller, at this moment can be by implant the input shaper device in a neural network ^TMPerhaps directly separating of implant system equation of constraint constructed nerve network controller.Fuzzy controller and neural network PV controller can be designed to nonlinear system parameter variations in the disposal system equation.

6.0 TRAJECTORY CONTROL as the function of time

The present invention this on the one hand institute at control technology be used for by control a track as function of time regulation reduce a dynamic system do not wish vibrate.More specifically, in this one side of the present invention, an input corresponding to sports-like is used as the feedforward track of system.Aforementioned any generation all can be used to revise the input of back control system corresponding to the technology of the input of sports-like.But, for simply, here only to input shaper ^TMElaborate.And, be for simply equally, though the present invention can be used to control any dynamic system, only provide the explanation of control computer dish drive system here.

6.1 optimize

A kind of method that can cause computer disks to drive the input of quick response that produces is to utilize expansion in partial fractions system of equations (19) to be optimized.In order to be optimized, in this set of equations, add one group of constraint condition at the vibration of the various patterns of system.In addition, can add about those mode vibrations of approaching to predict vibration mode and about the constraint condition of reality, for example voltage limit.Can be modeled as mathematical notation to this problem then, make all constraints all linearization to simplify separating of they.The technology that digitizing rate can utilize 7.1 joints to provide is selected.

The present invention is not limited to the method that is optimized described herein, but can adopt any optimisation technique.For example, other optimization methods that can be used in combination with the present invention comprise calculated off-line and drive the effective linear solution degree of use in the controller at dish.Also might the generation of off-line ground separate and they are carried out curve fitting for one group.Appendix C illustrates one group of linear equation of writing with GAMS, and they can be to finding the solution as the ZVD constraint condition in the problem of input with voltage commands.

6.2 method

The expansion in partial fractions model of above-mentioned disc drive system also can with input shaper ^TMBe used in combination the input of generation system.One piece of title at Hai T.Hao be " Fast ServoBang-Bang Seek Control (fast response servo table tennis search control) " paper (

IEEE) in, proved when finishing near motion can measuring system instantaneous state, input that just can computing system is feasible then can import its final position with system with limited vibration.The content of this paper is quoted as a reference in this application.As described in this paper, the shortcoming of this technology is owing to supposed the second-order system model, can not obtain coiling accurately separating of drive system equation.Because dish drive system more precise analytic model should be a third-order system, so this technology might obtain the input of constrained vibration sufficiently, the input that perhaps must attend the meeting and make system reach nominal final position but can not stop.By utilizing the given expansion in partial fractions model of the 4th joint, can obtain that system equation is more accurate to be separated, thereby when system reaches its final position, have only smaller vibration.In addition, can utilize various technology in above-mentioned equation, to add insensitive constraint condition, thus can obtain equation have robustness separate and littler vibration, these technology for example have sampling (see 6.7 the joint in discussion), get to lead and (see U.S. Patent No. 4,916,635) or additive method.

6.3 rigid mode and flexible pattern problem

With input shaper ^TMAnother method that is used in combination with the expansion in partial fractions model of the 4th joint is that PROBLEM DECOMPOSITION is become rigid mode problem and flexible pattern problem.Investigation is driven the schema entry that is associated with a dish can find the item of some types in third-order system, for example F in the formula (12) ₁(t), F ₂(t) and F ₃(t), also have such as F ₄(t), F ₅(t) (not shown) etc. is with vibration or vibrate relevant additive term.The present invention is divided into two groups to these, and first group of rigid mode that defines system comprises the schema entry of third-order system, i.e. F ₁(t), F ₂(t) and F ₃(t).Second group of flexible pattern that has defined system comprises other schema entry, i.e. F ₄(t), F ₅(t) or the like.Expansion in partial fractions system of equations in the 4th joint can solve such input, and they can drive system make it to satisfy rigid motion constraint condition F ₁(t), F ₂(t) and F ₃(t), thus arrive the final position with zero velocity and zero acceleration basically.Yet, other model F ₄(t), F ₅(t) or the like the vibration that is caused still may have problems.

More specifically, each other pattern not being applied under the situation of other constraint condition, can not solve the input that can reduce flexible mode vibration from the expansion in partial fractions system of equations.Yet, add the complicacy that other constraint condition is found the solution increasing again.And if wish to obtain matched curve or empirical solution, then whenever increasing a constraint condition, the complicacy of finding the solution will increase more pluses fifteen.Therefore, in order not increase the vibration that can reduce flexible pattern under the condition of finding the solution complicacy basically, the present invention at first imports rigid mode equation solution system.Yet, utilize input shaper device to the flexible Design Pattern of system ^TMCome shaping is carried out in resulting input.For example, input shaper device ^TMCan be according to above-mentioned F ₄(t) etc. frequency and attenuation rate design.

F ₁(t), F ₂(t), F ₃(t) be classified as rigid mode and F ₄(t), F ₅(t) etc. be classified as flexible pattern and only be the example of a kind of method that the pattern of system is classified.The present invention is not limited to such class definition.In fact, pattern classification can change to some extent according to the concrete system that is considered and various other factors.For example, might only contain F according to its rigid mode ₁(t) and F ₂(t) system model is derived a second-order system input, and F ₃(t), F ₄(t) etc. be included into and use input shaper ^TMThe pattern that solves.Such design is for F ₃(t) corresponding to the situation of an electricity time constant of system with advantageous particularly, because input shaper ^TMCan be used for the variation of corrective system electricity time constant.

6.4 mass centre

In the rigid mode of system, the relative motion between each parts of system may bring problem.The computer disks situation of driving for example, the motion phase difference of a rotor and a termination (for example read/write head) may cause vibration in system.If supposed the employing rigid model, then it will throw into question in feedback procedure.That is to say that if only termination (position) is used as feedback (foundation), the deviation that then detects will be fed and cause unwanted correction, reduce system performance on the contrary.In order to reduce this error, the present invention is the mass centre of estimating system, and with the mass centre of this estimation rather than termination (the position) feedback as system.A method of estimating system mass centre is to utilize modern control technology to calculate a state estimated value, can use various correction factors, for example is similar to following quasistatic correction factor, improves the estimation to the quality centre coordinate.

Mass centre's coordinate of above-mentioned estimation will can not reflect the vibration of rotor and termination.Therefore, can separate the rigid body behavior of system and great majority vibrations (comprising acoustic frequency vibration), thereby realize than the more accurate FEEDBACK CONTROL of conventional art.

6.5 quasistatic is proofreaied and correct

On the other hand, adopt the termination feedback if do not adopt mass centre feedback in the system, the then vibration damping of system input (for example according to input that technology given here produced) may cause some uncommon spinoffs.That is to say that the parts on the termination (for example dish drives the read/write head in the situation) can not vibrate.But deviation will appear in these parts at the volley.This deviation at boost phase along a direction, and the decelerating phase along another direction.The feedback signal that flows to controller will be determined according to this deviation.As a result, if the controller of system goes this feedback signal to compare with a track, even there is not error so, controller also can detect an error.In order to correct this problem, can add or deduct a quasistatic correction factor to feedback signal according to the size and Orientation of acceleration.

6.6 closed-loop control

By adopting the control strategy that track is defined as the function of time, can design a kind of closed-loop system.For example as shown in figure 11, can constitute closed feedback loop to any system state.For the situation that dish drives, these states comprise voltage, electric current, acceleration, speed and position.Can produce input according to closed loop topology then corresponding to sports-like.This " good " input (drive at computer disks it can be a voltage input in the situation) is used to produce the feed-forward signal of some or all closed loops.

Preparation is to derive according to the track of a selected conduct " good " motion as the feedforward track of each parameter of feedforward term.The technology that produces the feedforward track both can be based on the simple simulation of system, the expansion in partial fractions model that provides in also can saving based on the 4th.Producing when importing, might wish to calculate the motion that an energy is realized down in small voltage (or any physical descriptor that is subjected to physical constraints).This will increase system and can rest on corresponding to the chance on the track of sports-like.The another kind of method that produces good input is the safety value of system for use in carrying physical parameter in full threshold voltage (or any physical descriptor that is subjected to physical constraints) of supposition and the hypothetical model.In this case, only when changing to its worst probable value, parameter value just can use full threshold voltage.In every other nominal situation, all will use less voltage.

In the closed-loop control model, the feedforward term of each loop can be only substituted by the feedforward term (or input) of outer shroud, and wherein this feedforward term is to calculate as the combination of each other feedforward term.Also have the feedforward input of system different scales can be arranged to each systematic parameter.For example, the feedforward term for speed, position, acceleration, electric current and voltage can adopt different gains.The selection of gain is exactly zero to adding some on each feedforward term.Because input shaper ^TMBe exactly a kind of method of utilizing based on technology zero setting on some position of constraint condition, so be appreciated that selecting gain for each feedforward term can increase input shaper by adding ^TMZero point realize.This technology can reduce used any input shaper device ^TMRequirement, perhaps when deriving whole track, use less constraint condition.

Figure 27 illustrates the block scheme of a single system 82, and this system can be used for illustrating one group of feed-forward signal is how to be used to produce zero point in transport function.In system 82, the variable that control is outgoing position x, a feedforward input FF and three order inputs is wherein arranged: position input x _d, speed input v _dWith acceleration input a _dThe total state feedback that also has position x, speed v and acceleration a.Under ideal case, feedforward input FF will make system (x, v, a) pass through state space along the track of a hope.If actual path with wish that track is not inconsistent, error term (x then _d-x), (v _d-v) and (a _d-a) will be multiplied by gain k _a, k _vAnd k _aProofread and correct input to produce.If input v _d, a _dAll be set to zero with FF, then system will " follow the tracks of " remaining order input x _d, but have bigger site error.

Order input x _d, v _d, a _dFF is produced by other processing with the feedforward input, just inputs to system then simply.But, order input x _d, v _dAnd a _dOn mathematics, exist the relation of derivative.Block scheme shown in Figure 28 has indicated the relation between them, wherein to x _dInput signal has repeatedly applied Laplce's differentiating operator " S ".As everyone knows, if there is not corresponding limit, then can not realize null value physically corresponding to " S " operator.Because input signal v _dAnd a _dBeing actual derivative, using symbol " S " just for symbol is convenient intuitively among Figure 28, is not the means that realize.

Carry out the block scheme algebraic operation by block scheme, can learn all input (x Figure 28 _d, v _d, a _dAnd FF) signal after the calibration will enter closed-loop system on same point, as shown in figure 29.Can utilize the block scheme algebraic operation to make among Figure 29 the combination of three parallel inputs (to described closed-loop system) do further to merge once more, as shown in figure 30.Molecule among Figure 30 in the square frame is three rank zero.For this system, the zero point relevant with feedforward term combination accurately with the limit of described closed-loop system be complementary (and counteracting).So can be used to offset the dynamic perfromance of model system these zero points.Can pass through respectively to v _dAnd a _dWith FF item weight factor w in addition _v, w _aAnd w _f, the position of regulating these zero points.At this moment, be similar to top block scheme merging process and can obtain result shown in Figure 31.

(promptly regulate weight w by the degree of freedom that adds the scalable null position _v, w _aAnd w _f) afterwards, can realize that first rank of system's limit (be not in the model but record) are offset, for example offset and vibrate or other do not wish the limit that dynamic response is relevant.Because FIR input shaper device can be regarded as " complete zero " wave filter, so can substitute or increase the effect at zero point of FIR input shaper device with the zero point relevant with weighting feedforward input.Like this, owing to provided by weighting feedforward input some zero point, so reshaper only need provide fewer purpose zero point, thereby the cycle of reshaper shortens.Advantage resulted from not need to take time the zero point relevant with the weighting feedforward and obtained (promptly not needing cost) T.T. this.

6.7 other constraint condition

For the rigid mode to system partly provides faster motion, might in the expansion in partial fractions system of equations of the 4th joint, increase some constraint conditions.For example, might increase about constraint condition the insensitivity of system parameter variations.The equation of constraint of one or several conitnuous forms in for this reason, can wushu (19) is to a systematic parameter differentiate and make that the differentiate result is zero.This will guarantee the variation that will be insensitive to this parameter of separating of equation.Also can obtain similar results with following method: repeatedly finding the solution with the different value of a systematic parameter need be to the insensitive equation of this parameter.For example, second equation in the aforementioned expansion in partial fractions system of equations (19) can be with different torque constant value iterative solutions, can guarantee that so such separating can be good to the torque constant value work in the certain limit.Must give some degree of freedom to this equation, promptly not need all torque constant values are separated all and accurately equal zero.

6.8 switching instant

The conitnuous forms of expansion in partial fractions system of equations as previously mentioned, also can be found the solution the voltage switching instant that can reduce system vibration.The voltage switching instant corresponding to the full value positive voltage input of system with completely be worth the changing moment of negative voltage between importing.When finding the solution these switching instants,, then can come system modelling with three the expansion in partial fractions equations (19) shown in the 4th joint if there is not other constraint condition.As described below, utilize the conitnuous forms of these equations, might solve three changing moment t ₁, t ₂, and t _End

The conitnuous forms of system of equations (19) are non-linear.But, can make them easily to find the solution by they are handled with a limited controller of computing power.Because first equation is linear, so its substitution two equations in addition can be obtained containing two equations of two unknown numbers.Can be separated by simple fixed point iteration then.Obtain having separating of accuracy of machines and only need iteration several times.And, can obtain the original hypothesis of iteration from simple curve fitting, thereby further improve the speed of computing.Also might obtain separating of equation like this: the definition switching instant is the function of move distance earlier, then data and an experimental formula match mutually, thereby obtains separating of being enough to use in digitial controller.

So far, be applied to digitial controller, need carry out a step again, promptly switching instant is rounded and be immediate digit time of spacing value for continuous switching instant is separated.But, may cause bigger error, often use another kind of method owing to switching instant is rounded.Switching instant is rounded up, and the voltage swing in each zone is adjusted to and can obtains solution of equations.Perhaps, only regulate the voltage in the part of separating, to reach same result.For example, only there is the numeral output of minority to be conditioned to such an extent that can proofread and correct round-off error.

Pseudo-code in the appendix A shows: (i) calculating of switching instant continuously; (ii) a kind of method that continuous switching instant is rounded into the discrete time space-number; And (iii) recomputate voltage swing to satisfy primal constraints equation with discrete switching instant.In first section of this pseudo-code, with the physical parameter (V of system _Max, K _t, K _b, l, k, R _e, R _mAnd J _In) come calculation of transfer function parameter (A, a, b).Though this step is unwanted (can use the equation with primal system physical parameter) in theory, it is much compact that the equation that obtains is like this wanted, and be more suitable in true-time operation.

In the formula shown in the appendix A, the adaptive of digital switching instant needs to revise whole voltage swings of all three steps to satisfy equation of constraint.Because the concrete formula in these three steps is all at voltage, so will revise all steps.If alternatively ask a question, for example make formula at (for convenience corresponding to expansion in partial fractions system of equations (19), below formula (38) list this system of equations once more) discrete point impulse response form, might obtain that then voltage waveform more had an adaptive modification.

$\mathrm{Finalpos}=\underset{i=1}{\overset{N}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{V}_i\mathrm{A\&Delta;t}$

$0=\underset{i=1}{\overset{N}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}\frac{\mathrm{Ab}}{b-a}(e^{-a(T_{\mathrm{end}}-T_i+\mathrm{\&Delta;t})}-e^{-a(T_{\mathrm{end}}-T_i)})---\left(38\right)$

$0=\underset{i=1}{\overset{N}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{V}_i\frac{\mathrm{Ab}}{a-b}(e^{-b(T_{\mathrm{end}}-T_i+\mathrm{\&Delta;t})}-e^{-b(T_{\mathrm{end}}-T_i)})$

Pseudo-code in the appendix A can be used for calculating digital switching instant (obtaining by successive value is rounded), and the some impulse response form of equation of constraint only is used for the last adjustment of voltage swing.Voltage quantities in the voltage adjustment problem of constructing again can form like this: select single voltage V _i, perhaps select one group of not V independently _i(V for example ₁=V ₂=V ₃=V _First).Three equation of constraint have constituted one group of three linear equation that contain three variablees, can find the solution with any suitable linear equation method for solving.If the variable of selecting is then separated and can not uniquely be determined more than three, adopt other criterion to come the chance of from various feasible solutions, selecting thereby provided.

6.9 shaping ^TM Switch

The table tennis principle of knowing according to the crowd is that a series of full values just and completely are being worth the negative voltage order to the optimal time order of a voltage constrained system (as the computer disks drive system).In this case, voltage swing is known, but their optimum switching instant then is unknown.Because optimum switching instant the unknown of system might produce undesirable vibration when the system of giving input voltage order.At this moment can carry out several technology that can reduce not wish system vibration.For example, might try to achieve a switching sequence that is subjected to various constraints limit, these constraint conditions for example have the system restriction of not wishing dynamic perfromance or physics of vibration constraint, insensitive constraint or arbitrary number with resolving.Can also use other technology, for example utilize any technology described here to determine switching instant, and regulate switching instant considering under the situation of system motion.

The effective technology that another kind of order dish drives motion is table tennis optimal time order and input shaper ^TMAdvantages get up.Specifically, determine with analytic method, then this input is applied input shaper for the switching instant input of rigid system ^TM, with it is shaped to can suppress basically by switching cause do not wish the vibration.This technology has two advantages at least.The first, say it than being easier to enforcement from the angle of calculating, this is because it has been divided into two problems to a problem, also, is that a simple system produces a good input, and produces a good shaping dividually ^TMTackle flexible pattern (also may comprise certain rigid mode).The second, by input being carried out shaping separately ^TMResulting separate variation systematic parameter more insensitive.

Shaping to input can be with the aforementioned input shaper device that utilizes ^TM, wave filter etc. method carry out.So, no longer repeat detailed description here to input shaper for briefly.About having produced input, owing to the voltage swing known (also promptly, voltage swing or just full value or the negative value that expires) of input, so unique variable to be asked is the switching instant of voltage input.Switching instant can use-case expansion in partial fractions model as the formula (19) determines, wherein F ₁(t), F ₂(t), F ₃(t) corresponding to the unit voltage step response of each pattern of system.For such a third-order model, need three full just values and the full transformation that is worth between bearing.Change switching instant t ₁, t ₂, t _EndCan followingly determine.

Utilize formula (14) (below be rewritten as (39))

XF ₁(t _end)＝V ₀F ₁(t _end-t ₀)-2V ₀F ₁(t _end-t ₁)+2V ₀F ₁(t _end-t ₂)

XF ₂(t _end)＝V ₀F ₂(t _end-t ₀)-2V ₀F ₂(t _end-t ₁)+2V ₀F ₂(t _end-t ₂) (39)

XF ₃(t _end)＝V ₀F ₃(t _end-t ₀)-2V ₀F ₃(t _end-t ₁)+2V ₀F ₃(t _end-t ₂)

And formula (15) (a following rewriting accepted way of doing sth (40))

XF ₁(t _end)＝Finalpos

XF ₂(t _end)＝0 (40)

XF ₃(t _eend)＝0，

Just may solve the switching instant t of three the unknowns ₁, t ₂And t _EndIf carry out change of variable:

et ₁＝t _end-t ₀

et ₂＝t _end-t ₁ (41)

et ₃＝t _end-t ₂

Then can further simplify finding the solution of switching instant.Wherein, et ₁Represent the first step to begin to the time of motion end institute warp, et ₂Represent the time of second step beginning, et to motion end institute warp ₃Represent the time of the 3rd step beginning to the motion end.

In view of the above, formula (39) will be simplified as follows:

Finalpos＝V ₀F ₁(et ₁)2V ₀F ₁(et ₂)+2V ₀F ₁(et ₃)

0＝V ₀F ₂(et ₁)2V ₀F ₂(et ₂)+2V ₀F ₁(et ₃) (42)

0＝V ₀F ₃(et ₁)2V ₀F ₂(et ₂)+2V ₀F ₁(et ₃)

Because about F ₁(t), F ₂(t), F ₃(t) formula contains exponential term, thus can not be easily from above-mentioned about XF ₁(t _End), XF ₂(t _End), XF ₃(t _End) equation obtain digital solution.But can do certain and simplify providing the digital solution of iteration, thereby can solve switching instant t from them in real time system of equations ₁, t ₂, t _EndMore specifically, for the motion of long distance, duration in the 3rd step of the input of a third-order system is not had significant change.Therefore, for long apart from motion, the duration in the 3rd step basically with et ₁And et ₂Value irrelevant.So, can be with second equation (about XF ₂(t _End)) according to et ₁And et ₂Conjecture find the solution et ₃The et that obtains like this ₃Value is the good approximation of its exact value.According to the 3rd equation (about XF ₃(t _End)), with first equation (about XF ₁(t _End)) estimate et ₁, utilize the 3rd equation to find the solution thereafter as et ₃The et of function ₂The et that obtains like this ₂Also very be similar to its exact value.Then according to et ₂And et ₃Approximate value with first Equation for Calculating et ₁Approximate value.If wish to obtain more accurate result, then can carry out once above-mentioned operation again.That is to say, can be the et that calculates ₁And et ₂Approximate value again inverse iteration in these equations, and repeat iterative processing several times, and whenever will improve through an iteration precision.In practice, 4 iteration will reach et ₁, et ₂, et ₃16 precision.Determined after these values that just available above-mentioned definition calculates switching instant t ₁, t ₂And t _End

To et ₁And et ₂Initial conjecture better, then the iterative solution method of above-mentioned definite switching instant convergence is faster.Particularly for short distance motion, when to et ₁And et ₂Initial conjecture when bad, speed of convergence may be slow.So need a kind of method that good initial steady conjecture can be provided.A kind of such technology is that separating of short distance range of movement made form.Can utilize this form to obtain good conjecture then by directly searching conjecture or interpolation.Perhaps, can carry out curve fitting, determine initial guess according to this curve then separating of short distance range of movement.For example, determine that by experiment first switching instant is the dull Growth Function of move distance.The curve of other switching instants can be determined with similar approach.

The technology of above-mentioned definite switching instant can be generalized to other parameters except move distance.For example, if wish in separating, to contain resistance variations, then can determine based on move distance and resistance simultaneously the initial guess of switching instant.In this way, can determine initial guess with the systematic parameter of any number.At this moment, can comprise the multidimensional form of these parameters or utilize the function that obtains by experience to calculate to determine initial guess according to one.Can also under the situation of considering the other system parameter except above-mentioned, produce switching instant.In these cases, can adopt conservative parameter value, make real system motion faster to be arranged than the theoretical model that calculates switching instant institute foundation.That is to say that in this case, feedback will be dwindled output voltage, thereby system is ordered never almost above saturated.

With respect to, it is to determine separating of short distance motion according to the expansion in partial fractions system of equations that the above-mentioned another kind that depends on the method for initial guess is selected.Specifically, the exponential term in the expansion in partial fractions system of equations can be write as progression form.Just can be used for finding the solution of short distance motion switching instant problem to this system of equations then.

The hardware of this embodiment of the invention is implemented to drive controller with many dishes of design and is finished.Specifically, drive in the controller at this class dish, the turnover rate of processor can not be come output voltage at interval near the precise time that can wish.So, can be achieved like this hardware and find the solution, wherein every back switching instant all is loaded in the hardware counter chip, and with a high frequency clock to time interval counter, up to having reached the switching instant of wishing.At this constantly, the output of this counter chip will change, and make a new magnitude of voltage export to the dish drive system.

At U.S. Provisional Application No.60/076, provided another technology that is different from aforementioned definite system input switching instant method in 951 " Creating Time-OptinalCommands For Linear Systems (for the optimum order of linear system rise time) ", this provisional application is equipped with shelves on March 5th, 1998, its corresponding domestic patented claim and the application are equipped with shelves simultaneously.The full content of these two applications is incorporated herein by reference, as the part of teachings herein.

7.0 near or surpass the shaping of nyquist frequency ^TM

As previously mentioned, the control technology that track is defined as the function of time relates to and determines the input that can produce sports-like.The front pointed out once also that this input can be used for example input shaper ^TM, any other technology such as filtering determines.Except these technology, the present invention also provide a kind of be used for to frequency near or surpass the technology that shaping is carried out in the input of nyquist frequency.Be used to carry out the reshaper of this shaping ^TMHere be called " NBN " reshaper ^TM

Adopt discrete time or numerically controlled systems face by the sampling basic restriction that effect caused.That is to say that sampling thheorem says that any frequency greater than sample frequency (or nyquist frequency) all will be obscured with other frequencies.Therefore the FEEDBACK CONTROL of system can not suppress the vibration greater than nyquist frequency.Because input shaper ^TMBe a kind of feed-forward technique, it does not have such restriction.The input shaper device ^TMCan be designed to suppress to approach even far above the vibration of nyquist frequency.This section will illustrate how to design the input shaper device that can limit access to or surpass the vibration of nyquist frequency ^TM

As a setting, the dish drive system of having established servo-information in has a maximum position turnover rate of being determined by servo-information density and driver spinner velocity.For this input shaper device of design is described ^TMDifficulty, a typical driver will be discussed here.Suppose that the servo-information turnover rate that this dish drives is 5kHz, first mode of resonance of driver appears at the 2kHz place, then has only the servo loops more than 2 in each vibration period.This will cause computational problem.That is to say to have only 2 unknown quantitys in each servo loops, but have much more constraint condition will satisfy (some vibration constraint conditions will be arranged at least) except other constraint conditions.So this problem was constraint.

Yet, can come the solving system input with a plurality of one circulations.By the unknown quantity number is increased to problem and can separate, just can obtain to separate.Because adopted the vibration cycles more than that vibration is reduced to acceptable degree, separating of obtaining like this is extraordinary.In addition and since NBN separate because of only allow before being cancelled in vibration the less vibration period make its than common separate more insensitive, so need give special attention to insensitive constraint condition.Another kind method is to adopt output rating or the feedforward order rate that is different from servo rate.This technology will be in 7.1 following joint explanations.

By investigating design, be appreciated that the ultimate principle of NBN reshaper to three pulse shapers that are used for the zero attenuation continuous system.If the supposition system is continuous, then the some pulse of reshaper can appear at accurately constantly.When attenuation rate was zero, three pulse heights of three pulse shapers were [0.25,0.5,0.25]; First pulse appears at zero constantly, and second pulse appears on the semiperiod point of vibration, and second pulse appears at the one-period place of vibration.Figure 32 illustrates the some pulse situation of three pulse shapers according to sinusoidal wave undamped vibration.Sinusoidal waveform shows the phase place of a pulsion phase for sine wave with combining of pulse of point.Under continuous situation, the some pulse appears at moment place shown in Figure 32.Under digital situation, the some pulse is limited to such an extent that to occur in the integral multiple in sampling period be sampling instant place.If the sampling period is much smaller than the vibration period.Then each shaped pulse will be distributed in immediate sampling instant and sentence the effect that reaches identical.

Nyquist frequency equals half of sampling rate, has represented the minimum sample frequency that does not produce a digital display circuit when obscuring.So digital display circuit is in the theoretical limit that does not produce accessible input under the condition of obscuring just in the vibration of nyquist frequency, such vibration causes each sine wave period that two sampled points are arranged.Weekly phase two sampled points just three pulse shapers desirable at interval.Figure 33 illustrates digit pulse interval figure, the wherein digital sampling rate (4kH of three pulse shapers ₂) cause and equal vibration frequency (2kH ₂) nyquist frequency (1/2 sampling rate=2Kh ₂).So three pulse shapers are realized the decay to the nyquist frequency vibration easily.

As everyone knows, the vibration that surpasses nyquist frequency can not be sampled by digital display circuit and do not produced and obscure, so the closed-loop digital sample-data system can not utilize Closed loop Control to come attenuate high frequency (being higher than nyquist frequency) vibration.Yet open loop (feedforward) shaping technique can be used for the vibration many above nyquist frequency that decay.Figure 34 illustrates some recurrent interval and sine wave oscillations of three pulse shapers.Both combinations show the moment of reshaper pulsion phase for sine wave phase.Here vibration frequency still is 2kHz, but sampling rate is 1.333kHz, and promptly corresponding nyquist frequency is 1.333kHz/2=0.666KHz.Vibration frequency has surpassed nyquist frequency many (2KHz/0.666KHz=3) in this situation.

Investigating sinusoidal wave phase place with respect to the reshaper pulse moment can find, this Asia nyquist frequency example has identical relative phase relation with the nyquist frequency example of front.That is to say that first reshaper pulse generation is in 0 °, second reshaper pulse generation be in 180 ° and thereafter each 360 °, and the 3rd reshaper pulse generation is at 360 ° and thereafter each 360 °.Because sine wave phase is by 360 ° of repetitions, so the stack that responds in two kinds of situations will produce identical result.Be noted that inferior nyquist frequency reshaper is more responsive to the estimation error of vibration frequency.The increase of this sensitivity results from such fact: the vibration period number that comprises between two pulses the more then will be accumulated the big phase error that heals (for given frequency error).

7.1 the effect of order output rating

It is crucial selecting for frequency from digital command to system that send.Must select the sort of for the significant frequency of being considered of concrete system.In some cases, this frequency is the servo rate of control system simply only.Yet drive for dish, owing to establish the restriction of control servo-information in being used, this frequency must be than higher usually.Suppress the system of the highest frequency of vibration far below servo rate for need, servo rate is suitable for as output rating.And for the system's (for example great majority dish drive system) as being considered in 7.0 joints, output rating must be than higher.

A kind of method is to carry output command with the frequency times over servo rate to system.Can carry out with twice, three times or the frequency that more is multiple times than servo rate for the output of physical system.In our example system, servo rate is 5KHz.The height mode frequency that need to suppress is 2KHz.If the treble frequency (15KHz) with servo rate is exported to system, then each vibration period has comprised more than 7 numeral defeated

Go out, so the shaping computing becomes simple.There are several possible structures to consider, provide two kinds of possible selections below.

In first example, to feedforward hardware independently outgoing route is arranged from the control computer chip.One of such example is that a kind of dish drives, and wherein can directly feedover a voltage commands to amplifier in the order of closed loop servo system output current.In order to accomplish this point practically, should carry out following steps.These steps comprise: with servo rate (5kHz) pickup, carry out servo calculating, calculate servo output and this output valve is exported to servo output channel.Under upper frequency (15kHz), these steps comprise calculates or searches next track value, carries out shaping methods (if also not comprising not wishing the correction of dynamic perfromance in the track) and feedforward term is exported to the feedforward output channel.

In second example, from the control computer chip to having only an output channel firmly.One of such example is that a kind of dish drives, and wherein the output that produces of closed loop servo system is electric current, and what use in feedforward term also is electric current.In order to realize this situation, need to carry out following steps.These steps comprise with servo rate (5kHz) pickup, carry out servo calculating, calculate servo output and preserve this value and use for next stage.Under upper frequency (15kHz), these steps comprise calculates or searches next track value.Carry out shaping methods (if also not comprising not wishing the correction of dynamic perfromance in the track) and feedforward term is added on the servo output feedforward term that previous calculations obtains.

Also have many relevant designs, wherein or combine above-mentioned two kinds of methods, or the variant of these methods.A kind of such variant adopted in the feedforward term continuously or near the output of continuous time.Drive or the control hardware of any other machine is designed to by time output as fruit tray, then feedforward term output can be carried out with servo loop basically asynchronously.In this embodiment, impose on that the voltage that drives of dish can (for example the circuit of (2MHz) upgrades with a high clock frequency.By loading the moment of next voltage output for a counter register, hardware circuit just can be counted up to the suitable moment downwards and export next magnitude of voltage.This makes it possible to adopt any technology described herein (or any other processing) to calculate optimal trajectory, simultaneously this optimal trajectory is exported to system with sufficiently high frequency, ordering it to move, and need not influence servo rate by the mode of optimum (or near optimum).

Another method variant given here is the handoff algorithms that utilizes a certain shaping, makes only output expire the voltage (or any other parameter) of value.For example, might utilize the reshaper of unit-sized ^TMReceive and only be the voltage switching command signal of rigid body system design, can be so that this modification of signal is got with very little vibratory drive system.This method makes circuit become a simple counter driving switch, and it will change its output on default time point.

Another variant is to utilize the drives interrupts method, wherein calculates the output time of each output valve earlier, and produces an interruption (utilizing advanced computer technology) in the corresponding moment.Interrupting providing suitable output (or voltage switching) by controller chip or other devices constantly.A DSP (digital signal processor) or microcontroller during fault wall drives in can coming with one or more hardware timers.It is to utilize an independent devices that a kind of variant is arranged again, and for example a FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) displays, and this device will produce the order of a series of accurate timings to current loop when receiving individual command.DSP or microcontroller can be programmed in the asynchronous control loop of an inventory that contains switching instant and required transformation.

8.0PV method

The PV table contains such geometric locus, and it has defined the speed of a system unit and the relation between the position, and system unit wherein for example is a read/write head 76, and component locations is meant that these parts arrive the distance that its final position also need be moved.In order to use the PV table, the physical location of parts is compared with its desired location.From the PV table of these parts, find out speed with the difference between them then.Many dish drive systems utilize PV to show to determine their input.But this input may cause undesirable vibration in system.Can adopt technology given below to reduce and/or limit this vibration.

Of the present invention this is the method that a kind of PV of generation shows track on the one hand, and this PV table can be used for controlling the motion of parts in the dynamic system.This method can reduce the technology that undesirable parts dynamic perfromance also can produce sports-like and produces track according to a kind of.Then this track is stored in the PV table, and controls these parts along the orbiting motion that is stored in the PV table.

Say that in more detail any technology of utilizing front the 5th joint to provide produces the sports-like of system.Particularly,, again system is applied " good " input, then system is stored in the PV table as system trajectory the reaction of this good input earlier to system modelling.Can come the PV table of modernization system with sports-like in this way, thereby a kind of method that reduces not wish system dynamic characteristic that can keep PV table layout is provided.This method is promoted a step, can produce a series of sports-like, then these a series of sports-likes are stored in a series of PV tables at different parameters with this technology.

9.0PV feedback method

In the dish drive system of conventional art, the speed of determining by PV table only by forward direction present to system, shown in the common disk drive system block scheme among Figure 13.This may cause undesirable system vibration.Yet of the present invention this is before speed is offered system it to be carried out shaping on the one hand, and carries out contrary shaping in the feedback control loop of system, thereby the operation that feedback compensation is got no longer with the PV table interferes with each other.

Figure 14 illustrates an example of the block scheme of the dish drive system that this controls on the one hand according to the present invention.This dish drive system contains PV table 84, reshaper 86 and contrary reshaper 87.Reshaper 86 is arranged on the back of PV table 84 in the feedforward loop circuit, so that the speed of exporting from the PV table is carried out shaping.Contrary reshaper 87 as the contrary device of reshaper 86 is arranged in the feedback control loop.No matter in time domain or in frequency field, contrary reshaper 87 all has following relation with reshaper 86:

If reshaper shaper=A/B, then contrary reshaper shaper ^-1=B/A, reshaper 86 can reduce undesirable system dynamic characteristic, for example vibration of read/write head 76 with contrary combining of reshaper 87.Specifically, reshaper 86 has changed the speed input of system, makes the vibration of the read head 76 that caused by system motion reduce, contrary reshaper 87 then energy the situation of the stability restoring of loop before the reshaper of in feedforward loop circuit, not inserting 86.Reshaper 86 and contrary reshaper 87 are not limited to U.S. Patent No. 4,916,635 and No.5,638,635 illustrated input shaper devices ^TMWith contrary input shaper device ^TMIn fact, reshaper 86 and contrary reshaper 87 can be any zero limit dynamic module, iir filter, FIR wave filter, along separate routes continuous delay line wave filter etc.

Figure 15 and 16 shows reshaper (IS) and the contrary reshaper (IS that constitutes with the FIR wave filter respectively ^-1) at the input and the output relation that are input as under the A situation.Specifically, IS and IS ^-1Input and output between relation as follows:

$y_n=\underset{i=0}{\overset{N}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{A}_i{x}_{n-i}$

$x_n=\frac{y_n}{A_o}-\frac{1}{A_o}\underset{i=1}{\overset{N}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{A}_i{x}_{n-i}---\left(43\right)$

Figure 17 and 18 shows reshaper (IS) and the contrary reshaper (IS that constitutes with along separate routes continuous delay line wave filter respectively ^-1) input and output relation.Specifically, IS and IS ^{- 1}Input and output between relation as follows:

$y\left(t\right)=A_{O}x\left(t\right)+\underset{i=1}{\overset{N}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{A}_{i}x(t-T_i)$

$x\left(t\right)=\frac{1}{A_o}y\left(t\right)-\frac{1}{A_o}\underset{i=1}{\overset{N}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{A}_{i}x(t-T_i)---\left(44\right)$

Figure 19 and 20 shows reshaper (IS) and the contrary reshaper (IS that constitutes with iir filter respectively ^-1) input and output relation.Specifically, IS and IS ^-1Input and output between relation as follows:

$y_n=\frac{1}{B_o}\underset{i=1}{\overset{N}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{A}_i{x}_{n-i}-\frac{1}{B_o}\underset{j=1}{\overset{M}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{B}_j{y}_{n-j}$

$x_n=\frac{1}{A_o}\underset{j=0}{\overset{M}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{B}_j{y}_{n-j}-\frac{1}{A_o}\underset{i=1}{\overset{N}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{A}_i{x}_{n-i}---\left(45\right)$

In a word, of the present invention this is directed to a kind of PV of utilization table control example such as dish on the one hand and drives in the dynamic systems such as 10 one and for example be the method and apparatus of the parts of read/write head 76.The present invention produces this position component variable and utilizes the PV table to determine the speed command of these parts, and wherein speed command is determined according to location variable.Use an input shaper device then ^TMOr similar device to produce the speed command of a shaping, goes the motion of control assembly to the speed command shaping thereafter again according to the speed command of this shaping.In the present invention, the determining of location variable realized by the predeterminated position of parts is compared with its measuring position, and contrary shaping was carried out on the measuring position before comparing and measuring position and predeterminated position.

10.0N dimension PV table

The present invention also provides a kind of PV table of enhancing, it can with, also can be used in combination with aforementioned feedback method and the technology that produces sports-like.As a setting, same PV table may not can produce accurate result for motion and other parameters of different distance.In order to address this problem, common dish drive system typically uses one, two even three PV tables of possibility: one is used for the short distance motion, and one is used for apart from motion, and the 3rd is used for length apart from motion.Select for use which table to depend on the distance of desired movement.Owing to can only provide three discrete values for various move distances, system may not can reach its final position by desirable fast speed.

The invention provides a kind of method preferably, promptly produce the PV table of N dimension (N＞2), its medium velocity is not only the function of position, and is the function of variablees such as three, the 4th, the 5th of move distance, impedance, temperature grade in an imperial examination for example.Because the velocity amplitude asked more approaches to represent the dish under all move distances basically to drive physical restriction, so this method can provide bigger movement velocity effectively.In addition, because the dish drive system is third-order system in essence, and common PV method is second order in essence, so especially for the dish drive system, this method is more meaningful than commonsense method.Though the present invention can use the PV table of any dimension N (N＞2), for the sake of simplicity, example given here generally will adopt three-dimensional PV table.

In order to determine the track in the PV table, must determine the dynamic model of system.An example of this model is expansion in partial fractions system of equations (19).Produce the input of system then according to this model, this input is the function of time, and the distance that system motion is wished.For example, system's input can be made up of a series of switching instants and voltage swing, and perhaps a digital sequence set by voltage swing becomes.This input and system model combine and are used to the desired movement of analogue system.Any model form that can produce position and speed output all is suitable.For example, the transport function from voltage to the position on following three rank

$H\left(s\right)=\frac{A}{s}*\frac{a}{s+a}*\frac{b}{s+b}---\left(46\right)$

Position and the speed output that can pass through conversion and processing and obtain.Utilize the reciprocity character of multiplication, can rewriteeing this transport function, to be broken down into one then be input with voltage, is " block scheme " of output with position and speed:

Then above-mentioned " block scheme " is used as base of digital simulation, to produce speed and position output corresponding to the voltage input.Integration is wherein undertaken by the time forward direction.If the form (for example three switching instants and three kinds of voltage swings) of input and model all are simple, then the another kind of method as emulation can be the time domain equation of system model directly to be resolved find the solution.The output of the speed that emulation is obtained, position is tabulating then, forms a PV and shows.

The present invention provides three kinds of methods that generate the PV table.First method can be that the input of a shaping of forward direction integration is shown to produce PV---at this moment in above-mentioned block scheme, needs to insert a reshaper in voltage input back.Second method can be one of forward direction integration not shaping input and to integration output carry out shaping, deposit a form then in.The third method can be to utilize a kind of method based on constraint condition to calculate the track that can reduce to vibrate, and this input can the forward direction integration, and its output is then deposited in a form.Before deriving aforementioned expansion in partial fractions system of equations, have no idea to produce one and can guarantee to make system reach the input of its final position; Therefore the forward direction integration is not a successful method.Common employing is back to integration from final condition.

Utilize the input that is produced, determine each system's output constantly, just produced positional value and velocity amplitude as the function of time.Then these values are transformed into velocity amplitude as function of position.In order to generate three-dimensional PV table, can repeat said process to the 3rd variable, to produce the velocity amplitude of while as the function of position and ternary.Can to other variable repeat said process thereafter.

Because three-dimensional PV table may need a large amount of storage space, not all situation can both actually be used.The invention provides several method and overcome this difficulty, wherein be similar to the work of three-dimensional PV table with a series of PV tracks.No matter for example, the present invention produces a series of PV tracks about the different motion distance, stores these tracks, and chooses corresponding to the track of desired movement distance every other track.In this case, will select a track in a series of tracks of move distance from the PV table according to hope, and come correspondingly control system with this track.

The method of another kind of approximate three-dimensional PV table is that a series of tracks in the PV table are carried out curve fitting, as shown in figure 21.Should illustrate about Figure 21, in the scope that computer disks drives, typically not contain actual target velocity in the PV table, but contain speed command that this order has comprised that target velocity adds that one is tried hard to rest on a additive term on the mark road about actuating arm.About curve fitting, some curves shown in Figure 21 are regular basically, might make these parameters of curveization and produce an energy with the function that generates single PV track, and go control system with this track.

Figure 22 illustrates from some examples of the parametric curve of Figure 21 curve generation.In example shown in Figure 22, can by according to move distance to bottom curve (3000) and topmost curve (100) get weighted mean and obtain estimation curve between these two curves.As a result, in this example, can obtain all curves of series by only two curves being got weighted mean and utilize original move distance to go to adjust power amount in the weighted mean, estimating.The method of another kind of approximate three-dimensional PV table is the PV table that each move distance is produced in real time a special use.This can utilize the front given system equation group (19) of driving about computer disks of the 4th joint to realize.

Also might be according to a series of tracks of the measurement of system parameter variations (as the variation of temperature, resistance etc.) being revised in the PV table.Its specific practice is an estimating system parameter in the motion process at first, and judges whether they have departed from predetermined system parameter values.Revise track in the PV table according to any system parameter variations of being determined then, again the track of revising is deposited in the PV table.Can adopt the method for any estimating system parameter to combine with the present invention, these methods comprise common parameter estimator.For example, when the temperature of driving when dish raises, resistance wherein will change.By investigating motion response in the past, might and judge whether it changes to the resistance estimation, can recomputate the PV table of driver if necessary.

More specifically, in the dish drive system, during the first of motion system be in saturated, so PV table is not worked.This is corresponding to sending a voltage step order with accelerated motion as quickly as possible.At this boost phase, can measure actual flow through being used for electric energy is converted to the electric current of the sound coil motor of mechanical energy.After learning this electric current, just might calculate determine the system energy loss that causes because of resistance by energy equilibrium.This energy loss that is caused by resistance equals to input to the kinetic energy that energy that dish drives deducts the sound coil motor and deducts the energy that is stored in the sound coil inductance again.This definite method has supposed that the inertia of sound coil motor and the inductance of sound coil are known or confirmable.

In order to estimate resistance, need carry out following steps in real time:, measure the actual current and the voltage that impose on driver sound coil motor (i) for each time interval; (ii) the power in the driver (voltage multiply by electric current) is carried out time integral, to determine the gross energy of the system of inputing to; (iii) calculate the instantaneous function of sound coil motor; (iv) calculate the instantaneous energy in the motor inductance; (v) calculate the time integral of driver current square; (vi) determine the estimated value of resistance, it equals intake and deducts kinetic energy and deduct inductance energy more then divided by the current time integration.Like this, after each integration, just can calculate the estimation resistance value that placing drives.Can be used for upgrading the PV table to this value then.

The torque equilibrium equation that is similar to energy can be used to estimate other systematic parameter.For example following equation can be used to estimate the torque of motor.

$K_t=\frac{\mathrm{j\&Omega;}}{\&Integral;\mathrm{idt}}---\left(48\right)$

This equation can be found the solution in real time, and can be used for whole motion is found the solution or any moment from motion begins the piecewise and finds the solution.

The various technology of aforementioned generation PV table can be calculated on off-line ground, and this is feasible might show parametrization to PV or curve fitting becomes a function as systematic parameter and move distance.As a result, just may come from the PV table, to extract data thereafter according to move distance and systematic parameter.Be noted that in addition and use N dimension PV table outside the category that can described vibration reduces method here, also have, no a dimension PV can be shown be used in combination with all aspects of the present invention.No dimension PV table is a kind of like this PV table, and wherein the independent variable on the X-axis of PV table has utilized a predetermined scaling factor to calibrate.This factor for example can be a maximum mobile mark road number etc.

11.0 to the shaping (" SHOT ") that changes

The common enforcement of driving with PV method console panel has comprised the various variants of following steps: (i) current order is increased to saturated (can use various technology) for this reason; (ii) the saturation current of value is expired in order, up to satisfying certain braking condition; (iii) be converted to the saturated deceleration of full value, up to the PV curve intersection; (iv) follow the PV curve up to driver near its final destination; And (v) connecting terminal controller makes system reach position, mark road.Though be machinery or the vibration of acoustics, its main generation root is the unexpected transformation at PV motion beginning and middle place.So only need these two parts of track are carried out input shaper ^TM(or any other damping technology).

Utilize the new operation steps sequence of SHOT to be: (i) electricity to be annotated the order input shaper ^TMTo saturated; (ii) the saturation current of value is expired in order, up to satisfying certain braking condition; (iii) changing input shaper ^TMTo completely being worth saturated deceleration, up to the PV curve intersection; (iv) follow the PV curve up to driver near its final destination; And (v) connecting terminal controller makes system reach position, mark road.Because being converted to for twice saturated all is step, so the transformation of shaping has become the step (or ladder) of shaping.

Command generator will not notice that this is saturated if input will cause saturated, and then the effect of shaping may diminish.The method that several these situations of processing are arranged.Might utilize when will to reach capacity command system to enter according to moltion estimation in the past saturated.For example, by estimation maximum voltage and coil resistance (or ratio between two value), can obtain the maximum current when saturated.In case system has been shaped to saturated, just can calculate saturation current by measuring acceleration and speed: this is because only differ from a constant coefficient between electric current and the acceleration, and effective voltage equals saturation voltage and deducts reverse EMF constant and multiply by speed.

Calculate according to these, might calculate actual degree of saturation.Then importantly: only providing just has been enough to the saturated order input of maintenance system, and does not surpass this size too much.If surpass too much, then added shaping will " be clipped " when beginning when order requires system slowdown conversely.For example, if can make current amplifier saturated on the steady state (SS) of present speed, then just do not wish to use the order of 6V from the 5V output command of DAC.If this mistake does not obtain correcting yet when being transformed into deceleration, then reshaper will be reduced to for example 5.5V to voltage in the beginning part of its shaping processing, make amplifier still be in state of saturation.Therefore, the effect of shaping is with variation.

Though the very suitable PV method that is applied to of SHOT technology, it never is confined to the PV method.Any order dish drives motion and contain the method that makes system take place obviously to change in order all is the possible application of SHOT.The user only need change with shaping and replaces transformation unexpected or gradually.The key of this method is, although unexpected transformation will cause vibration and noise, and level and smooth transformation also causes vibration and noise (though less than transformation suddenly time) through regular meeting; But shaping changes and can design to such an extent that can cause the vibration and the noise of any size.Because the effect that shaping changes is predictable, and only making motion increase the minimum time, is desirable so use shaping to change.SHOT also can be used for because of unexpected change in gain and order changing the transformation that is caused.In this application, can utilize the shaping technique of reporting in any shaping technique described herein or the document, come gain to be changed over another size from a size in the mode of shaping.

12.0 conclusion

Here point out once more that all aspects of the present invention can be implemented with hardware, software or their combination.In addition, though the present invention illustrates in the category that computer disks drives, but it equally also can be applicable to the data storage device (it is one of them that computer disks drives) of other types, comprising but be not limited to: optical drive, tape drive, two device that excites disc type driver and holographic memory device etc. that the data storage medium outside the disk is read and write.

The present invention is to some specific description embodiment explanations.But should be appreciated that the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned each embodiment and their modification, the people that understand present technique field general technology can make various changes and modification under the situation of spirit that does not depart from appended claims and category.

Appendix A

The % pseudo-code begins

% is according to calculation of parameter scaling factor A and time constant a, the b of physical system.

A＝Vmax*Kt(Re*Rm+Kt*Kb)*1*k；

p1＝1/Jm/Ie*(-Ie*Rm-Re*Jm+sqrt(Ie^2*Rm^2-

2*Re*Rm*Ie*Jm+Re^2*Jm^2-4*Kt*Kb*Ie*Jm))/2；

p2＝1/Jm/Ie*(-Ie*Rm-Re*Jm+sqrt(Ie^2*Rm^2-

2*Re*Rm*Ie*Jm+Re^2*Jm^2-4*Kt*Kb*Ie*Jm))/2；

a＝max(-p1，-p2)

b＝min(-p1，-p2)

% makes initial guess to snap time

et1＝1；

et2＝.005；

et3＝1；

% sets maximum iteration time

Nmax＝1000；

forj＝1；Nmax

% preserves old snap time at interval

et3old＝et3；

et2old＝et2；

et1old＝et1；

% utilizes fixed voltage size Vmax iteration switching instant

et3＝-log(1.0/2.0-exp(-et1*a)/2+exp(-et2*a))/a；

et2＝1/b*log(2.0)+3*et3-1/b*log(2*exp(1/A*b*X)

*exp(et3*b)-sqrt(4.0)*sqrt(exp(1/A*b*X)

*exp(et3*b)*sqrt(exp(1/A*b*X)+exp(et3*b)^2-2*exp

(et3*b)))；

et1＝-(-2*A*et2+2*A*et3-X)/A；

ifnorm([et3old-et3et2old-et2et1old-et1]，inf)＜＝eps*2

break

end

ifj＝＝Nmax

error([’error-failure?to?converge?after’，num2scr

(Nmax)，iterations’])

end

end

% rounds pulse near sampling interval period

% is transformed into space-number between two steps to guarantee this voltage

% requires no longer to increase (surpassing Vmax)

dt1＝ceil((et1-et2)/dt)*dt；

dt2＝ceil((et2-et3)/dt)*dt；

dt3＝ceil((et3)/dt)*dt；

et123＝[et1，et2，et3]

% is converted back to total step period

et1＝dt1+dt2+dt3；

et2＝dt2+dt3；

et3＝dt3；

Below the %, but the primal constraints equation that relates to XF1, XF2 and XF3 has been modified to such an extent that comprised the change voltage that applied (rather than fixing maximum voltage ± Vmax) in each step

The original equation of %XF1, XF2, XF3 is as follows:

％XF ₁(t _end)＝V ₀F ₁(t _end-t ₀)-2V ₀F ₁(t _end-t ₁)+2V ₀F ₁(t _end-t ₂)

％XF ₂(t _end)＝V ₀F ₂(t _end-t ₀)-2V ₀F ₂(t _end-t ₁)+2V ₀F ₁(t _end-t ₂)

％XF ₃(t _end)＝V ₀F ₃(t _end-t ₀)-2V ₀F ₂(t _end-t ₁)+2V0F1(tend-t2)

Equation was after % contained the modification of adjustable voltage relative size L1, L2, L3:

％XF1(tend)＝L1V0F1(tend-t0)-L2V0F1(tend-t1)+L3V6F(tend-t2)

％XF2(tend)＝L1V0F2(tend-t0)-L2V0F2(tend-t1)+L3V0F1(tend-t2)

％XF3(tend)＝L1V0F3(tend-t0)-L3V0F2(tend-t1)+L3V ₀F ₁(t _end-t ₂)

The corresponding equation of constraint of % is:

％XF ₁(t _end)＝Finalpos

％XF ₂(t _end)＝0

％XF ₃(t _end)＝0

Wherein all time of % for example all has the discrete value corresponding to the controller turnover rate.

% is noted that after having fixed each digital switching instant the equation of constraint group that derives from top system of equations has constituted one group about unknown relative voltage size L ₁, L ₂, L ₃System of linear equations, thereby can find the solution the relative voltage size with the linear method of any standard, below about L ₁, L ₂, L ₃System of equations in, can find the solution with algebraic method (especially compact)

% calculates new relative voltage step-size

%L ₁, L ₂, L ₃Nominally be set to " 1 ", " 2 ", "+2 " respectively.

S1＝X*(exp(-et3*b)*exp(-et2*a)+exp(-et3*a)+exp

(-et2*b)-exp(-et2*b)*exp(-et3*a)-exp(-et2*a)

-exp(-et3*b))；

S2＝1/(et2*exp(-et1*b)*exp(-et3*a)+exp(-et2*b)*et3*exp

(-et1*a)-et2*exp(-et3*a)-et2*exp(-et1*b)-et3*exp

(-et1*a)-exp(-et2*b)*et3+exp(-et3*b)*et1*exp

(-et2*a)+exp(-et3*a)*et1+exp(-et2*b)*et1-exp

(-et2*b)*et1*exp(-et3*a)-et3*exp(-et1*b)*exp

(-et2*a)-exp(-et2*a)*et1-exp(-et3*b)*et1-exp(-

et3*b)*et2*exp(-et1*a)+et3*exp(-et1*b)+et2*exp(-

et1*a)+exp(-et3*b)*et2+et3*exp(-et2*a))/A；

L1＝S1*S2；

S1＝1/(et2*exp(-et1*b)*exp(-et3*a)+exp(-et2*b)*et3*exp

(-et1*a)-et2*exp(-et3*a)-et2*exp(-et1*b)-et3*exp

(-et1*a)-exp(-et2*b)*et3+exp(-et3*b)*et1*exp

(-et2*a)+exp(-et3*a)*et1+exp(-et2*b)*et1-exp

(-et2*b)*et1*exp(-et3*a)-et3*exp(-et1*b)*exp

(-et2*a)-exp(et2*a)*et1-exp(-et3*b)*et1-exp(-

et3*b)*et2*exp(-et1*a)+et3*exp(-et1*b)+et2*exp

(-et1*a)+exp(-et3*b)*et2+et3*exp(-et2*a))*X；

S2＝(exp(-et2*b)*exp(-et1*a)-exp(-et1*a)-exp

(-et2*b)-exp(-et1*b)*exp(-et2*a)+exp(-et1*b)

+exp(-et2*a))/A；

L3＝s1*s2；

S1＝(exp(-et1*a)-exp(-et3*a)+exp(-et3*b)-exp

(et1*b)-exp(-et3*b)*exp(-et1*a)+exp(-et1*b)

*exp(-et3*a)；

S2＝X/(et2*exp(-et1*x)*exp(-et3*a)+exp(-et2*b)*et3*exp

(-et1*a)-et2*exp(-et3*a)-et2*exp(-et1*b)-et3*exp

(-et1*a)-exp(-et2*b)*et3+exp(-et3*b)*et1*exp

(-et2*a)+exp(-et3*a)*et1+exp(-et2*b)*et1-exp

(-et2*b)*et1*exp(-et3*a)-et3*exp(-et1*b)*exp

(-et2*a)-exp(-et2*a)*et1-exp(-et3*b)*et1-exp

(-et3*b)*et2*exp(-et1*a)+et3*exp(-et1*b)+et2*exp

(-et1*a)+exp(-et3*b)*et2+et3*exp(-et2*a))/A；

L2＝s1*s2；

% will accumulate voltage step and change successively voltage swing into

V1＝Vmax*(L1)；

V2＝Vmax*(L1+L2)；

V3＝Vmax*(L1+L2+L3)；

The % pseudo-code finishes

Appendix B

AREA..SUM(I，A(I))＝E＝0；

VELOCITY(VINDX)..VEL(VINDX)＝E＝VSCALE*SUM(I$(ORD(I)LE?ORD(VINDX))，A(I))；

POSITION..SUM(I，VEL(I))＝E＝FINALPOS*SCALEFACT；

VLIMTTP(I)..SUM(VINDX$(ORD(VINDX)LE?ORD(I))，A(I-(ORD(VINDX)+1))*(VOLTS(VINDX)+KBACK*VSCALE))＝L＝VOLTLIM；

VLIMITN(I)..SUM(VINDX$(ORD(VINDX)LE?ORD(I))，A(I-(ORD(VINDX)+1))*(VOLTS(VINDX)+KBACK*VSCALE))＝G＝VOLTLIM.

%A (I) is the current order of locating at each moment T (I) that divides equally with time interval DT.

%VOLTS (VINDX) is a voltage form, and these voltages are represented the unit impulse response of in the current order unit being exported.Voltage limit when VOLTIM is saturated.

Appendix C

GOALPOS..SUM(I，A(I)*MODELAA*DT)＝E＝FINALPOS；

MODE1(ILAST)..SUM(I，-A(I)*MODELAA*MODELb/(MODELb-MODELa)*(EXP(-MODELa*(T(ILAST)+DT-T(I)))-EXP(-MODELa*(T(ILAST)-T(I)))))＝E＝0.0；

MODE2(ILAST)..SUM(I，-A(I)*MODELAA*MODELa/(MODELb-MODELa)*(EXP(-MODELb*(T(ILAST)+DT-T(I)))-EXP(-MODELb*(T(ILAST)-T(I)))))＝E＝0.0；

DERIV1(J)..1000.0*SUM(I，A(I)*T(I)*EXP(ZETA(J)W(J)*T(I))*SIN(WD(J)*T(I)))＝E＝0.0；

DERIV2(J)..1000.0*SUM(I，A(I)*T(I)*EXP(ZETA(J)W(J)*T(I))*COS(WD(J)*T(I)))＝E＝0.0；

%MODELAA is the mechanical gain of system, and MODELb and MODELa are two time constant (units: radian) of system.A time constant is relevant with the L/R rise time of motor inductance, and another time constant is the mechanical time constant of rigid system.A (I) needs definite voltage.T (I) is the moment of each A (I).

%DT is the time interval of output.W (J) is the flexible pattern of non-decay, and WD (J) is the flexible pattern (unit: the radian per second) of decay.

Claims (6)

1, the method for operating of a data memory storage of a kind of control, this method may further comprise the steps:

Generate a graphic user interface GUI, this GUI will provide one first controller, and this first controller is in the two one of the noise size of the search time of may command data storage device and data storage device at least;

Receive data from this GUI, the setting to the change of at least one in the two of the search time of data memory storage and noise size in this GUI of these data is derived; And

To the data storage device output command, make data storage device change its operation according to reformed setting among the GUI, and

Provide feed-forward signal to arrive predetermined level so that reduce the vibrations of not expecting in this data storage device to these output commands.

2, according to first controller that the process of claim 1 wherein in addition can also the control data memory storage power consumption; And receiving step wherein also comprises and is received among this GUI the data that derive about the setting of the change of data storage device power consumption.

3, generate one second controller according to the process of claim 1 wherein that this generation step also comprises, this second controller is used for the power consumption of control data memory storage; And

Wherein this receiving step also comprises from the data of second controller reception about the power consumption of data storage device.

4, the apparatus operating of a data memory storage of a kind of control, this equipment comprises:

Stored the storer that some computing machines can be carried out treatment step for one; And

A processor, this processor comprises:

(i) generate the device of a graphic user interface GUI, this GUI will provide one first controller, be used for the two at least one of noise size of the search time of control data memory storage and data storage device;

(ii) receive the device of data from this GUI, these data derive the changeable setting of user of at least one in the two of the search time of this data storage device and noise size in this GUI;

(iii), make data storage device change the device of its operation according to reformed setting among the GUI to the data storage device output command; And

(iv) provide feed-forward signal to these output commands so that reduce the vibrations do not expected in this data storage device device to predetermined level.

5, according to the equipment of claim 4, the power consumption that first controller wherein can also the control data memory storage; And

Wherein this receiving trap also comprises the device that is used for receiving from this GUI data, and these data derive about the changeable setting of a user of data storage device power consumption in this GUI.

6, according to the equipment of claim 5, GUI wherein also provides one second controller, is used for the power consumption of control data memory storage; And

Processor was wherein carried out treatment step earlier to receive the data about the data storage device power consumption from second controller before carrying out the output step.

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