CN100439743C - Braking drum with bionic non-smooth surface - Google Patents
Braking drum with bionic non-smooth surface Download PDFInfo
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- CN100439743C CN100439743C CNB2004100113557A CN200410011355A CN100439743C CN 100439743 C CN100439743 C CN 100439743C CN B2004100113557 A CNB2004100113557 A CN B2004100113557A CN 200410011355 A CN200410011355 A CN 200410011355A CN 100439743 C CN100439743 C CN 100439743C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a brake drum used on vehicles, particularly to a brake drum with a bionic non-smooth surface, which has the advantages of high friction coefficient, wear resistance and thermal fatigue resistance. The brake drum is characterized in that a convex unit body and a concave unit body with the height difference of 0.15 to 0.5mm on the surface of a basal body are distributed on the operating surface of the brake drum; and the convex unit body and the concave unit body are concave pits or convex hulls or parallel stripes or grid stripes. The brake drum makes the surface of the brake drum form accidented and stratified bionic non-smooth unit bodies through the surface hardening treatment of the brake drum; and the organization structure and the chemical component of the brake drum can guarantee that the abrasion resistance and the thermal fatigue resistance of the brake drum are obviously increased. Meanwhile, surface contact between the surface of the brake drum and a friction lining is changed into point contact or line contact; and the bonding force of a friction pair is reduced, so the abrasion of the brake drum is reduced. Compared with the brake drum with a smooth surface and the same base material, the service life is increased by 1.5 to 3 times, and the friction coefficient is increase by 1 time.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to be used for to have high coefficient of friction, wear-resisting, a thermal fatigue resistance brake drum on the vehicle.
Background technique
The device that the surface friction drag that is produced when utilizing moving surface to contact reaches deceleration or termination motion purpose is called friction brake or mechanical brake.The chemical composition of brake drum and structure organization are to influence one of key factor of friction pair characteristic and functional reliability in the drag friction process.With the automobile brake drum is example, require brake drum that good frictional behaviour is arranged, affected by environment little, comprise low temperature (＜0 ℃), high temperature (500～600 ℃), moist (surface gathered water) or high or low initial speed of braking, braking deceleration, the brake etc. of continuous several times once in a while.These characteristics of automobile brake drum, the friction layer during all with braking on the interface has very big relation.It is generally acknowledged that can effectively reduce the approach that wearing and tearing can improve friction factor again is a kind of brake drum of design, its surface should have performances such as high coefficient of friction, wear-resisting and heat resistanceheat resistant be tired.
Consider from improving safety reliability, wish to improve the friction factor of brake drum, especially at high temperature still can keep high friction coefficient, enough friction brake torques are promptly arranged.But in general friction factor is high more, and fricative shear resistance is big more, and the suffered shearing stress in top layer is also big more, so the loss of rubbing contact-material or destroy can be serious more, and the wearing and tearing of generation are big more, and working life is also short more.Therefore friction and wear is promptly relevant two contradictory aspects in the friction process, concerning braking material, needs certain surface friction drag and unlikelyly causes excessive wearing and tearing.At home and abroad, improve brake drum thermal fatigue property, to improve the material friction coefficient be one of problem of being concerned about most of braking researcher with improving the brake drum life-span always.In recent years along with the raising of people to the brake drum demand, also obtained some aspect the brake drum single performance and benefited our pursuits improving, as add alloying element, improve either pearlite occurred, improve material etc., increased than in the past but cost is also corresponding, and also do not have a kind of method that these performances are improved simultaneously up to now.
Summary of the invention
The present invention seeks to improve the brake drum surface friction factor with reducing this contradiction of the secondary wearing and tearing of braking, go out a kind of brake drum with bionic non-smooth surface that can improve performances such as brake drum surface friction factor, wear resistance and thermal fatigue resistance simultaneously by bionic non-smooth surface modification Treatment Design in order to solve.
Bionical is design of following new material and the potential effective way made.The organism structure is finished the optimization of natural selection through 2,000,000,000 years things, almost is perfect.By to the non-smooth morphology Study on Theory of organism surface, cause the formation of the novel brake material design philosophy of bionic non-smooth surface.
Non-smooth morphology is to research and propose next bionical new thought by structure and statics, dynamic performance to organism material.By discovering of as dung beetle biological, extra large living shellfish, pangolin, snake, lizard, bamboo wood etc. to some, the non-smooth morphology of functions such as that organism surface has is wear-resisting, anti-extrusion, cracking resistance line and its body surface has substantial connection, this is biological evolutionary optimization through 1 years, forms the feature that adapts with living environment gradually.
In the research to soil fauna, the discovery soil fauna is come in and gone out in viscosity bigger ight soil and soil, through frayed, can act on one's own, health seldom adheres to ight soil and earth, and this is because animal body surface has certain elasticity, under external force, resiliently deformable takes place in the body surface energy-absorbing.The recessed position Yi Ji gas of leaving a blank can alleviate atmosphere negative pressure, thereby reduce the adhesion between body surface and ight soil and the soil, plays the effect of reducing adhesion.Boss is harder, the element in containing matrix, also contains some other elements, and its effect mainly is the extruding and the friction of bearing ight soil and soil, the opposing wearing and tearing.Imitate this structure of soil fauna body surface just, can significantly reduce the adhesion of brake drum and friction facing, improve the brake drum surface wear resistance,, reduce adhesive wear and abrasive wear.
Conch surface and for example, by many uneven, the different synusia of direction intersects to coincide and forms, and the hardness of synusia orientation and camber and shell surface, toughness distribution are closely related.Studies show that this cross-level chip architecture has clear superiority aspect the prevention crack development.Insect cuticle also is a non-smooth structure at microscopically for another example, and the diverse location hardness of body surface has nothing in common with each other, and this produces different stress distribution in insect cuticle, and this structure provides the protection of the lightest, maximum intensity and toughness for insect.This principle can effectively improve the brake drum surface thermal fatigue resistance, reduces the thermal fatigue wearing and tearing, resists the germinating and the expansion of heat fatigue cracking.
On the basis of the above principle of utilization, prepare the novel brake material of bionic non-smooth surface.Process the cell cube with bionic, non-smooth function at brake drum surface, these cell cube rule or random distribution have certain geometrical shape, and Organizational Structure is distinguished mutually with parent, as required, can also occur the variation of chemical composition in the cell cube with respect to parent.This novel brake drum can significantly improve friction factor, wear resistance and the thermal fatigue resistance of mould brake drum surface.
The present invention is based on that above-mentioned thought realizes by following scheme:
A kind of brake drum with bionic non-smooth surface, it is characterized in that being distributed with protruding, the recessed cell cube that is the 0.15-0.5mm height difference with matrix surface on the working surface of brake drum, this protruding, recessed cell cube is pit or convex closure, parallel or latticed striped, described protruding, recessed cell cube contains alloying elements cr, Si, Mn, Mo, W, V, B, and be higher than constituent content corresponding in the matrix, its content difference is: Cr0.5-1%, Mn0.5-5%, Si0.1-1%, Mo0.5-5%, W0.5-5%, V0.5-10%, B0.01-0.1%.
Described pit or convex closure cell cube are dot matrix and distribute on brake drum (dish) surface, circular diameter or pit back cut diameter are 0.5-4mm at the bottom of its convex closure, and centre distance is 20-50mm between cell cube.
Described parallel or latticed striped, its width of fringe is 0.3-3mm, centre distance is 10-40mm between striped.
Difference of hardness between described protruding, recessed cell cube and the matrix is HB 0-450.
The technology used in the present invention means are: go out the non-smooth units volume morphing size and the regularity of distribution on the brake drum surface by computer design, by machining, laser, burn into engraving and in conjunction with methods such as spraying, chemistry, physics, sputter, vapor deposition, plating, process at brake drum surface have certain geometrical shape, chemical composition and Organizational Structure have any different in the non-smooth units body of body material.Because the Organizational Structure that obtains after the shape size of non-smooth units body, the regularity of distribution, chemical composition and the processing plays an important role to improving brake drum surface friction factor, wear resistance and thermal fatigue resistance.Finally obtain the brake drum with bionic, non-smooth form of high coefficient of friction, high wear resistance, high thermal fatigue resistance.
Can in cell cube, add one or more elements in Cr, Mn, Si, Mo, V, W, seven kinds of chemical elements of B, make the content of this element in cell cube be higher than body material, poor with body material formation chemical composition content.
Adding rule is: for non-smooth units body, desire improves its obdurability, can add Si, Mn, Cr element in cell cube; Desire improves wear resistance, can add Mo, V, W element; Desire improves its thermal fatigue resistance can add Cr, Mo, B element.
The performance index that the brake drum of manufacturing of the present invention reaches are: compare with the smooth surface brake drum with same matrix material its working life, improve 1.5-3 doubly, cost of production improves 5%-15%, and friction factor improves 1 times, and thermal fatigue resistance has raising by a relatively large margin.
The beneficial effect of the brake drum of manufacturing of the present invention is: bionic non-smooth surface can significantly improve the friction factor of brake drum surface, the wear resistance of brake material is significantly improved, be difficult for scratching brake drum surface and produce serious adhesion with friction facing, have enough mechanical strengths, thermal fatigue resistance is good.Form uneven, in picturesque disorder bionic, non-smooth cell cube by the brake drum surface enhancement process being made its surface go up, its Organizational Structure and chemical composition can guarantee that the wear resistance of brake drum, thermal fatigue resistance all increase significantly.Make simultaneously between brake drum surface and friction facing to contact and become a little or the line contact by face, lowered the combination force of friction pair, thereby reduced the wearing and tearing of brake drum, the smooth surface brake drum of working life and same matrix material relatively, improve 1.5-3 doubly, friction factor improves 1 times.This technology personalization features is strong, can select the non-smooth bionical pattern of different shape, size, the regularity of distribution for use, thereby obtain different performances at different requirements.It is simple that the present invention has processing simultaneously, reliable performance, and cost is low, the price performance advantages of higher.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is the surface structure schematic representation with non-smooth surface brake drum of spherical crown shape convex closure;
Fig. 2 is the surface structure schematic representation with non-smooth surface brake drum of spherical crown shape pit;
Fig. 3 is the surface structure schematic representation with non-smooth surface brake drum of parellel striped;
Fig. 4 is the surface structure schematic representation with non-smooth surface brake drum of latticed striped;
What Fig. 5 was a brake drum different surfaces state to wear extent influences comparative test figure as a result;
What Fig. 6 was a brake drum different surfaces state to friction factor influences comparative test figure as a result;
Fig. 7 is the graph of a relation of brake drum surface hardness and friction factor;
Fig. 8 is the graph of a relation of brake drum hardness and wear extent;
Fig. 9 is the influence graph of a relation of temperature to different surfaces shape wear extent;
Figure 10 is the influence graph of a relation of temperature to different surfaces shape friction factor;
Figure 11 is the microstructure morphology figure of brake drum surface by the bionic, non-smooth cell cube of laser beam machining generation;
Figure 12 is the figure of microstructure morphology of laser beam machining high speed steel brake drum surface bionic, non-smooth cell cube;
Figure 13 is bionic, non-smooth cell cube EDAX results figure;
The figure of pattern microstructure morphology that Figure 14 expands on non-smooth surface for heat fatigue cracking;
Figure 15 is expansion curve (a-N curve) figure of thermal fatigue master crackle on 3 kinds of different surfaces samples.
Embodiment
The embodiment who provides below in conjunction with accompanying drawing is described in further detail the brake drum that the present invention has bionic non-smooth surface.
Make the heavy truck brake drum that the surface has the non-smooth morphology of convex closure.
With reference to Fig. 1, be processed at brake drum surface with laser and have convex closure type non-smooth surface, the height difference between non-smooth units body and the brake drum matrix surface is 0.5mm, and end circular diameter d is 4mm, and cell cube distance of center circle s is 50mm.Brake drum material is the HT250 gray iron, and friction factor is 0.37, and hardness is HB 175.
The non-smooth units body of test every index in processing back is respectively friction factor: 0.67, hardness: HB 520, friction factor improves 0.30, hardness improves HB 345, working life with bionic non-smooth surface brake drum, the smooth surface brake drum than same substrate improved 1 times, and the cost of handling bionic non-smooth surface only improves 5%.
Make the heavy truck brake drum that the surface has the non-smooth morphology of pit type.
With reference to Fig. 2, be processed into the pit type non-smooth surface with laser at brake drum surface, the height difference between non-smooth units body and the brake drum matrix surface is 0.5mm, and pit back cut diameter d is 4mm, and cell cube distance of center circle s is 50mm.Brake drum material is the HT250 gray iron, and friction factor is 0.37, and hardness is HB 175.
The non-smooth units body of test every index in processing back is respectively friction factor: 0.67, hardness: HB 518, friction factor improves 0.30, hardness improves HB 343, working life with bionic non-smooth surface brake drum, the smooth surface brake drum than same substrate improved 1 times, and the cost of handling bionic non-smooth surface only improves 5%.
Embodiment 3
Make the heavy truck brake drum that the surface has the non-smooth morphology of stripe.
With reference to Fig. 3, be processed into the striped non-smooth surface with laser at brake drum surface, the height difference between non-smooth units body and the brake drum matrix surface is 0.5mm, and width w is 3mm, and cell cube centre distance s is 40mm, about 45 ° of inclination alpha.Brake drum material is the HT250 gray iron, and friction factor is 0.37, and hardness is HB 175.
The non-smooth units body of test every index in processing back is respectively friction factor: 0.70, hardness: HB 532, friction factor improves 0.33, hardness improves HB 357, working life with bionic non-smooth surface brake drum, the smooth surface brake drum than same substrate improved 1.2 times, and the cost of handling bionic non-smooth surface only improves 8%.
Embodiment 4
Make the heavy truck brake drum that the surface has the non-smooth morphology of grid type.
With reference to Fig. 4, be processed into the grid non-smooth surface with laser at brake drum surface, the height difference between non-smooth units body and the brake drum matrix surface is 0.5mm, and width w is 3mm, cell cube centre distance s is 40mm, and inclination alpha is that 0 ° (parallel stripes) and 90 ° (vertical stripes) are interspersed.Brake drum material is the HT250 gray iron, and friction factor is 0.37, and hardness is HB 175.
The every index of non-after tested smooth units body is respectively friction factor after the processing: 0.73, hardness: HB 545, friction factor improves 0.36, hardness improves HB 370, working life with bionic non-smooth surface brake drum, the smooth surface brake drum than same substrate improved 1.5 times, and the cost of handling bionic non-smooth surface only improves 10%.
Embodiment 5
Make the liberation truck brake drum that the surface has the non-smooth morphology of convex closure type.
With reference to Fig. 1, be processed into convex closure type non-smooth surface with laser at brake drum surface, the height difference between non-smooth units body and the brake drum matrix surface is 0.5mm, and end circular diameter is 4mm, and the cell cube distance of center circle is 50mm.Brake drum material is a HT200 cast iron, and friction factor is 0.33, and hardness is HB 190.
The every index of non-after tested smooth units body is respectively friction factor after the processing: 0.63, hardness: HB 535, friction factor improves 0.30, hardness improves HB 345, working life with bionic non-smooth surface brake drum, the smooth surface brake drum than same substrate improved 1 times, and the cost of handling bionic non-smooth surface only improves 5%.
Make the liberation truck brake drum that the surface has the non-smooth morphology of pit type.
With reference to Fig. 2, be processed into the pit type non-smooth surface with laser at brake drum surface, the height difference between non-smooth units body and the brake drum matrix surface is 0.5mm, and the pit back cut diameter is 4mm, and the cell cube distance of center circle is 50mm.Brake drum material is a HT200 cast iron, and friction factor is 0.33, and hardness is HB 190.
The every index of non-after tested smooth units body is respectively friction factor after the processing: 0.63, hardness: HB 532, friction factor improves 0.30, hardness improves HB 342, working life with bionic non-smooth surface brake drum, the smooth surface brake drum than same substrate improved 1 times, and the cost of handling bionic non-smooth surface only improves 5%.
Embodiment 7
Make the liberation truck brake drum that the surface has the non-smooth morphology of stripe.
With reference to Fig. 3, be processed into the stripe non-smooth surface with laser at brake drum surface, the height difference between non-smooth units body and the brake drum matrix surface is 0.5mm, and width is 3mm, and cell cube centre distance is 40mm, about 45 ° of inclination alpha.Brake drum material is a HT200 cast iron, and friction factor is 0.33, and hardness is HB 190.
The every index of non-after tested smooth units body is respectively friction factor after the processing: 0.68, hardness: HB 548, friction factor improves 0.35, hardness improves HB 358, working life with bionic non-smooth surface brake drum, the smooth surface brake drum than same substrate improved 1.2 times, and the cost of handling bionic non-smooth surface only improves 8%.
Embodiment 8
Make the liberation truck brake drum that the surface has the non-smooth morphology of grid type.
With reference to Fig. 4, be processed into the grid type non-smooth surface with laser at brake drum surface, the camber between non-smooth units body and the brake drum matrix surface is 0.5mm, and width is 3mm, cell cube centre distance is 40mm, and inclination alpha is that 0 ° (parallel stripes) and 90 ° (vertical stripes) are interspersed.Brake drum material is a HT200 cast iron, and friction factor is 0.33, and hardness is HB 190.
The every index of non-after tested smooth units body is respectively friction factor after the processing: 0.70, hardness: HB 562, friction factor improves 0.37, hardness improves HB 372, working life with bionic non-smooth surface brake drum, the smooth surface brake drum than same substrate improved 1.5 times, and the cost of handling bionic non-smooth surface only improves 10%.
Embodiment 9
Make the Jetta car brake drum that the surface has the non-smooth morphology of convex closure type.
With reference to Fig. 1, be processed into convex closure type non-smooth surface with laser at brake drum surface, the height difference between non-smooth units body and the brake drum matrix surface is 0.15mm, and end circular diameter is 0.5mm, and the cell cube distance of center circle is 20mm.Brake drum material is a HT200 cast iron, and friction factor is: 0.32, and hardness is 195.
The every index of non-after tested smooth units body is respectively friction factor after the processing: 0.62, hardness: HB 539, friction factor improves 0.30, hardness improves HB 344, working life with bionic non-smooth surface brake drum, the smooth surface brake drum than same substrate improved 1 times, and the cost of handling bionic non-smooth surface only improves 5%.
Embodiment 10
Make the Jetta car brake drum that the surface has the non-smooth morphology of pit type.
With reference to Fig. 2, be processed into the pit type non-smooth surface with laser at brake drum surface, the height difference between non-smooth units body and the brake drum matrix surface is 0.15mm, and the pit back cut diameter is 0.5mm, and the cell cube distance of center circle is 20mm.Brake drum material is a HT200 cast iron, and friction factor is: 0.32, and hardness is 195.
The every index of non-after tested smooth units body is respectively friction factor after the processing: 0.61, hardness: HB 536, friction factor improves 0.29, hardness improves HB 341, working life with bionic non-smooth surface brake drum, the smooth surface brake drum than same substrate improved 1 times, and the cost of handling bionic non-smooth surface only improves 5%.
Embodiment 11
Make the Jetta car brake drum that the surface has the non-smooth morphology of stripe.
With reference to Fig. 3, be processed into the stripe non-smooth surface with laser at brake drum surface, the height difference between non-smooth units body and the brake drum matrix surface is 0.15mm, and width is 0.3mm, and cell cube centre distance is 10mm, about 45 ° of inclination alpha.Brake drum material is a HT200 cast iron, and friction factor is: 0.32, and hardness is 195.
The every index of non-after tested smooth units body is respectively friction factor after the processing: 0.65, hardness: HB 552, friction factor improves 0.33, hardness improves HB 357, working life with bionic non-smooth surface brake drum, the smooth surface brake drum than same substrate improved 1.2 times, and the cost of handling bionic non-smooth surface only improves 8%.
Make the Jetta car brake drum that the surface has the non-smooth morphology of grid.
With reference to Fig. 4, be processed into the grid type non-smooth surface with laser at brake drum surface, the height difference between non-smooth units body and the brake drum matrix surface is 0.15mm, width 0.3mm,, cell cube centre distance is 10mm.Inclination alpha is that 0 ° (parallel stripes) and 90 ° (vertical stripes) are interspersed.Brake drum material is a HT200 cast iron, and friction factor is: 0.32, and hardness is 195.
The every index of non-after tested smooth units body is respectively friction factor after the processing: 0.68, hardness: HB 569, friction factor improves 0.36, hardness improves HB 374, working life with bionic non-smooth surface brake drum, the smooth surface brake drum than same substrate improved 1.5 times, and the cost of handling bionic non-smooth surface only improves 10%.
Embodiment 13
Make the heavy truck brake drum that the surface has the non-smooth morphology of convex closure.
With reference to Fig. 1, the height difference between non-smooth units body and the brake drum matrix surface is 0.5mm, and end circular diameter is 4mm, and the cell cube distance of center circle is 50mm.Contain Cr0.3% in the body material, V0.3%, Si1.8%, Mn0.8%, utilize dusting device, alloy plate, the laser infiltration technique is fused into cell cube with alloying element, and the coating alloy mixture contains 4.5% metal M n, 1.7% Metal Cr, the 5.9%V-Fe powder, the 38.6%Mo-Fe powder, coating alloy thickness is 0.03mm, Fare damage rate is 5%, handle in the cell cube of back and increased 5%Mo, 0.1%Cr, V, the Mn constituent content brings up to 0.5% respectively, 1.3%, Mo, Cr, V, Mn constituent content difference is respectively 5%, 0.1%, 0.5%, 0.5%, working life with bionic non-smooth surface brake drum, the smooth surface brake drum than same substrate improved 1.6 times, and the cost of handling bionic non-smooth surface only improves 12%.
Embodiment 14
Make the heavy truck brake drum that the surface has the non-smooth morphology of pit.
With reference to Fig. 2, the height difference between non-smooth units body and the brake drum matrix surface is 0.5mm, and the pit back cut diameter is 4mm, and the cell cube distance of center circle is 50mm.Contain Cr0.3% in the body material, Si1.8%, Mn0.8%, V0.3% utilizes dusting device, alloy plate, the laser infiltration technique is fused into alloying element in cell cube, by 4.7% Metal Cr, the 14.8%Si-Fe powder, 14.4% metal M n, the mixture that the 39.2%V-Fe powder is formed, coating alloy thickness is 0.08mm, Fare damage rate is 5%, handle Si in the cell cube of back, V, Cr, the Mn constituent content is increased to 1.9%, 10%, 1.3% respectively, 5.8%, Si, V, Cr, Mn constituent content difference is respectively 0.1%, 10%, 1%, 5%, under same operating conditions, the working life with bionic non-smooth surface brake drum, the smooth surface brake drum than same substrate improved 1.6 times, and the cost of handling bionic non-smooth surface only improves 12%.
Embodiment 15
Make the liberation truck brake drum that the surface has the non-smooth morphology of striped
With reference to Fig. 3, the height difference between non-smooth units body and the brake drum matrix surface is 0.3mm, and width is 4mm, and cell cube centre distance is 40mm.Contain Si1.9% in the body material, Mn0.8%, Cr0.3%, utilize dusting device, alloy plate, the laser infiltration technique is fused into cell cube with alloying element, and the coating alloy mixture contains 3.8%Mo-Fe powder 0.2%B-Fe powder, 20.3%W-Fe powder, coating alloy thickness is 0.03mm, and Fare damage rate is 5%, and handling in the cell cube of back has increased 0.5%Mo, 5%W, 0.01%B, Mo constituent content difference is 0.5%, W constituent content difference is 5%, B constituent content difference is 0.01%, under similarity condition, the working life with bionic non-smooth surface brake drum, the smooth brake drum than same substrate improved 1.8 times, and the cost of handling bionic non-smooth surface only improves 12%.
Embodiment 16
Make the Jetta car brake drum that the surface has the non-smooth morphology of grid
With reference to Fig. 4, the height difference between non-smooth units body and the brake drum matrix surface is 0.3mm, and width is 4mm, and cell cube centre distance is 40mm.Contain Cr0.5% in the body material, V0.3%, Si1.7%, Mn0.8%, utilize dusting device, alloy plate, the laser infiltration technique is fused into cell cube with alloying element, the coating alloy mixture contains the 2.6%W-Fe powder, the 57.2%Si-Fe powder, the 2%B-Fe powder, coating alloy thickness is 0.07mm, Fare damage rate is 5%, handle in the cell cube of back and increased 0.1%B, W, Si content is respectively 0.5%, 2.7%, B constituent content difference is 0.1%, and W constituent content difference is 0.5%, Si constituent content difference is 1%, under the same conditions, the working life with bionic non-smooth surface brake drum, the smooth surface brake drum than same substrate improved 1.8 times, and the cost of handling bionic non-smooth surface improves 12%.
By micro-analysis and detection, can find that its Organizational Structure and chemical composition obviously distinguish with matrix to brake drum bionic, non-smooth cell cube.According to bionic basic principle as can be known, uneven, in picturesque disorder bionical form, Organizational Structure and chemical composition makes between the friction pair and become a little or the line contact by the face contact on the non-smooth surface, play to reduce adhering to, bearing and push and friction, opposing wearing and tearing, the wearing and tearing of minimizing thermal fatigue, resist the germinating of heat fatigue cracking and the effect of expansion.Therefore, the non-smooth brake drum of being developed based on bionic theory can guarantee that friction factor, wear resistance and the thermal fatigue resistance on brake material surface obviously improve.Thereby guaranteeing that brake material has that wear resistance also increases significantly under the prerequisite of sufficiently high friction factor.Below be the configuration of surface of non-smooth surface cell cube, hardness, and temperature is with the graph of a relation between wear extent and the friction factor.(with reference to Fig. 5-Figure 10)
Figure 11 is the microstructure morphology of brake drum surface by the bionic, non-smooth cell cube of laser beam machining generation.As seen treatment zone crystal grain degree significant change, the bottom district's tissue particles degree that is untreated is 6 grades, and the top treatment zone reaches the 11-12 level.Grain refinement is not sacrificed toughness for intensity is improved, even the schedule of reinforcement that toughness is slightly improved, more tiny, the fragmentation of particle after the laser process, and has higher dislocation structure than conventional heat treatment, increased the number of dislocation motion obstacle, not only intensity has great raising, and toughness also improves a lot.So this class tissue helps the raising of wear resistance, thermal fatigue resistance.
Figure 12 is the microstructure morphology of laser beam machining high speed steel brake drum surface bionic, non-smooth cell cube.Visible alloying element and carbide evenly distribute in the processing layer, and the crystal grain degree is refined as the 10-11 level by original 7 grades, and its wear resistance, thermal fatigue resistance improve.
Figure 13 is a bionic, non-smooth cell cube EDAX results.It has illustrated the situation that alloying element and carbon distribute in cell cube.Through the bionic, non-smooth preparation technology, alloying element evenly dissolves in the bionic, non-smooth cell cube, forms solid solution, compound or heterogeneous coexistence in cell cube.By control unit body chemical composition make it with the matrix chemical composition between form different concentration gradients, thereby obtain the mechanical property different with matrix, make wear resistance, thermal fatigue resistance, the anti-adhesive raising of non-smooth brake drum surface.For example elements such as Cr, Mn, the Si second phase particle tiny for forming, that disperse distributes provides necessary member condition among the figure.When moving dislocation runs into the second phase particle on the slip plane, or cut, or walk around, sliding deformation just can be proceeded, and this process will consume extra energy undoubtedly, causes reinforcement.The Mo element to second mutually or other solute atoms inhibitory action is arranged in that crystal boundary is poly-partially, make crackle be difficult to form and expansion like this at crystal boundary, improve surperficial toughness etc.
The pattern that Figure 14 expands on non-smooth surface for heat fatigue cracking finds that the bionic, non-smooth cell cube has the effect of blocking-up crack propagation.At fatigue crack with the cell cube junction, crackle can't pass the bionic, non-smooth cell cube, perhaps stop at the cell cube place, perhaps walk around from the cell cube next door, many forks appear in crackle, it is tortuous more that the path of expansion also becomes, it has reflected that crackle is subjected to bigger obstruction in expansion process, thereby has to often change direction, and this illustrates that also the bionic, non-smooth cell cube has bigger thermal fatigue resistance, crackle will be expanded, and must consume more energy.Non-smooth units body with certain regularity of distribution in die surface, effectively blocks the germinating and the expansion of heat fatigue cracking as the dowel pin pinning, and the thermal fatigue resistance of brake drum surface integral body is significantly improved.
Figure 15 is the expansion curve (a-N curve) of thermal fatigue master crackle on 3 kinds of different surfaces samples.The smooth surface sample heat fatigue cracking occurs between circulation 1600-1800 time, crackle is long to be 1mm.Parallel interval 4mm striped sample occurs later than smooth surface sample crackle, between circulation 2200-2400 time, crackle is long to be 0.8mm.Crackle does not from start to finish appear in parallel interval 2mm striped specimen surface.This explanation non-smooth surface sample has the drag of higher crack initiation than the smooth surface sample, thereby higher thermal fatigue life is arranged.The L-N slope of curve of smooth surface sample is bigger, illustrates that its crack propagation velocity is very fast, the crack distribution basically identical on this and the specimen surface.
Claims (4)
1. brake drum with bionic non-smooth surface, be distributed with protruding, the recessed cell cube that is the 0.15-0.5mm height difference with matrix surface on its working surface, this protruding, recessed cell cube is pit or convex closure, parallel or latticed striped, it is characterized in that described protruding, recessed cell cube contains one or more elements among alloying elements cr, Si, Mn, Mo, W, V, the B, and be higher than constituent content corresponding in the matrix, its content difference is: Cr0.5-1%, Mn0.5-5%, Si0.1-1%, Mo0.5-5%, W0.5-5%, V0.5-10%, B0.01-0.1%.
2. the brake drum with bionic non-smooth surface according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described pit or convex closure cell cube are dot matrix and distribute on brake drum surface, circular diameter or pit back cut diameter are 0.5-4mm at the bottom of its convex closure, and centre distance is 20-50mm between cell cube.
3. the brake drum with bionic non-smooth surface according to claim 1 is characterized in that described parallel or latticed striped, and its width of fringe is 0.3-3mm, and centre distance is 10-40mm between striped.
4. the brake drum with bionic non-smooth surface according to claim 1 is characterized in that the difference of hardness between described protruding, recessed cell cube and the matrix is HB 0-450.
Priority Applications (1)
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101862916A (en) * | 2010-06-01 | 2010-10-20 | 吉林大学 | Method for improving wear resistance and toughness of large wear resistant part in welding and fusing |
Families Citing this family (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN100392290C (en) * | 2005-12-28 | 2008-06-04 | 吉林大学 | Bionic non smooth abrasion-proof gear wheel |
| CN101713444B (en) * | 2009-10-14 | 2012-05-02 | 杨东洲 | Automobile brake drum with latticed stiffeners |
| KR101533517B1 (en) * | 2010-09-08 | 2015-07-02 | 미쓰비시덴키 가부시키가이샤 | Braking apparatus, brake lining, method for manufacturing brake lining, and elevator system |
| CN102352901A (en) * | 2011-10-04 | 2012-02-15 | 吉林大学 | Bionic coupling rail vehicle brake disc |
| CN103111793A (en) * | 2013-02-27 | 2013-05-22 | 吉林大学 | Method for preparing great-depth bionic heteroplasmons on surfaces on thick-wall parts |
| CN103194173B (en) * | 2013-04-09 | 2014-07-16 | 吉林大学 | Bionic-braking friction material and preparation method thereof |
| CN103868813B (en) * | 2014-03-19 | 2016-03-30 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | The method of stripe Surface Texture and raising material wear resistance thereof |
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| CN108386465A (en) * | 2018-05-07 | 2018-08-10 | 安徽工业大学 | A kind of automobile brake disc with bionic surface |
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| CN1327939A (en) * | 2000-09-24 | 2001-12-26 | 吉林工业大学 | Bionic part with adhesion-reduced, desorptive and rough surface |
| CN1405240A (en) * | 2001-11-14 | 2003-03-26 | 吉林大学 | Bionic non-smooth antifriction composite coating and its manufacture method |
| CN1418740A (en) * | 2002-09-25 | 2003-05-21 | 吉林大学 | Bionic, non-smooth and abrasion-resistant roller |
| CN1513639A (en) * | 2003-07-29 | 2004-07-21 | 吉林大学 | Method of rasing wearability of mechanical element |
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| CN1327939A (en) * | 2000-09-24 | 2001-12-26 | 吉林工业大学 | Bionic part with adhesion-reduced, desorptive and rough surface |
| CN1405240A (en) * | 2001-11-14 | 2003-03-26 | 吉林大学 | Bionic non-smooth antifriction composite coating and its manufacture method |
| CN1418740A (en) * | 2002-09-25 | 2003-05-21 | 吉林大学 | Bionic, non-smooth and abrasion-resistant roller |
| CN1513639A (en) * | 2003-07-29 | 2004-07-21 | 吉林大学 | Method of rasing wearability of mechanical element |
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| CN101862916A (en) * | 2010-06-01 | 2010-10-20 | 吉林大学 | Method for improving wear resistance and toughness of large wear resistant part in welding and fusing |
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