CN100434001C - 可降低香烟危害的紫菀保健香烟 - Google Patents
可降低香烟危害的紫菀保健香烟 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种可降低香烟危害的紫菀保健香烟，是在香烟的烟丝中加有紫菀有效部位，所述紫菀有效部位为紫菀的挥发油、紫菀粗提物、紫菀结晶体、或它们三者的混合物，紫菀有效部位喷洒或混合至普通烟丝后，采用常规卷烟工艺制成紫菀保健香烟。本发明的紫菀保健香烟在烟支燃烧的同时能抑制香烟焦油和尼古丁等有害物对吸烟者的危害，预防和缓解吸烟引起的各种呼吸道不良反应：支气管粘膜充血、肥厚、腺体增大、咳嗽、气喘、瘀痰等症状及支气管炎、阻塞性肺气肿等疾病的发生，且长期吸入本品，对人体亦无任何毒副作用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种中药保健卷烟。
背景技术
吸烟与肺癌、冠心病、慢性支气管炎和肺气肿均有关，烟草制造者经过多年不断的改造制烟工艺，通过增加滤嘴纸烟、改变滤嘴结构、能过烟丝膨胀减少每支烟烟丝用量、添加各种添加剂等，以降低吸烟时吸入的有害成分。同时很多国家制定措施力图减少烟草广告的影响，有些国家甚至展开戒烟运动，包括在香烟盒上印制警告。然而，由于许多与吸烟有关的疾病的潜伏期较长，有时从开始吸烟到导致死亡，要经过十几年甚至几十年的时间，因而人们往往在短期内看不出它的危害。全世界吸烟人数也就一直是有升无降，我国更是为世界上最大的烟草生产和消费国。为了削弱或减少香烟的危害，有关研究工作者一直在致力于改进烟草的配方，降低其中有害物的含量。我国的研究者利用传统的中医药学的宝库，开发了一系列的保健香烟。然此工作还刚开始，还需不断的改进，深入研究。
紫菀是具止咳平喘的传统中草药，紫菀的根和根茎具温肺下气、祛痰止咳的功效。临床用于咳嗽气逆，咯痰不爽，以及肺虚久咳，痰中带血等多种咳嗽，用于治疗慢性支气管炎和百日咳。化学成分有：
1.皂甙类：单萜甙类成分shionoside A，B、紫菀皂甙A，B，C，D，E，F；
2.挥发油类：毛叶醇、乙酸毛叶醇、茴香醚、烃、脂肪族酸及单萜甙A、B；
3.萜类：紫菀酮、表木栓醇、L-内樟脑醇、无羁萜。
4.黄酮及其甙：槲皮素、芹菜酰-(1→6)-葡萄糖甙；
5.其它：紫甲酮、植物甾醇葡萄糖甙等。
紫菀的药理作用：
1.祛痰作用：紫菀水煎剂具有增加动物气管分泌量，提取精制得的结晶体紫菀酮、紫菀皂甙等具有祛痰作用。
2.镇咳作用：紫菀提取物中分得的结晶体紫菀酮，对氨气所致小鼠咳嗽有较好的镇咳作用。
3.抗菌作用：体外实验表明，紫菀对大肠杆菌、宋内氏痢疾杆菌、变形杆菌、伤寒杆菌、副伤寒杆菌、绿脓杆菌及霍乱弧菌等7种革兰氏阴性肠内致病菌有抑制作用。
4.抗真菌的作用：实验证明紫菀具有抗致病真菌的作用。
5.抗肿瘤作用：紫菀中所含的表无羁萜醇对小鼠艾氏腹水癌有抑制作用。紫菀环肽对小鼠肉瘤180呈抗瘤活性。
6.其它作用：紫菀水煎剂在鸡胚尿囊中对流感病毒有明显抑制作用。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于利用紫菀具有的各种药理作用，来生产一种可降低香烟危害的紫菀保健香烟，使吸烟者在吸烟的同时，能吸入紫菀中的有效部位从而可降低香烟对人体健康的危害。
本发明的目的是这样实现的：本发明是在香烟生产过程中，将紫菀有效部位加到烟丝中，而制成具减烟害作用的紫菀保健香烟。
所述紫菀有效部位的加入量为烟丝重量的0.01～0.5％。
所述紫菀有效部位可为紫菀的挥发油，其加入量为烟丝重量的0.1～0.5％较佳。
所述紫菀有效部位可为紫菀提取物的结晶体，其加入量为烟丝重量的0.01～0.5％时较佳。紫菀提取物的结晶体成分为紫菀酮、紫菀醇等。
所述紫菀有效部位为紫菀的粗提物，其加入量为烟丝重量的0.1～0.5％。
所述紫菀有效部位为紫菀的挥发油、从紫菀的结晶体及紫菀的粗提物的三者按任意比例混合的混合物，该混合物的加入量为烟丝重量的0.01～0.5％。
所述紫菀有效部位可为紫菀的挥发油和紫菀的结晶体两者按任意比例混合的混合物，该混合物的加入量为烟丝重量的0.01～0.5％。
所述紫菀有效部位可为紫菀的挥发油和紫菀的粗提物两者按任意比例混合的混合物，该混合物的加入量为烟丝重量的0.01～0.5％。
本发明紫菀低危害型卷烟的生产方法如下：把紫菀的挥发油喷洒在香烟烟丝上，把紫菀的提取物结晶体与水或乙醇配制成的提取液喷洒在香烟烟丝上，然后用常规卷烟工艺即制成紫菀保健香烟。
紫菀有效部位的获得：
1.紫菀的挥发油
紫菀的挥发油采用常规的提取方法获得，即用水蒸汽蒸馏法或二氧化碳超临界萃取法获得。
2.紫菀的粗提物
一法：把紫菀根或根茎经粉碎，然后用水煮两次，第一次2～2.5小时，第二次1.5～2小时，过滤，将两次滤液合并，在减压或常压下浓缩一半水，加入一定的乙醇，放置12～24小时，过滤，回收乙醇，进一步浓缩成成膏状即得。
二法：把紫菀根或根茎经粉碎，然后用醇(50～95％乙醇溶液)回流提取二次，每次3～4小时，过滤，将两次提取液合并，在减压或常压下回收溶剂到一定的量，加入水，放置12～24小时，过滤，回收溶剂后浓缩成膏状即得。
3.紫菀的结晶体
紫菀粗提物用苯、正丁醇、石油醚等有机溶剂萃取，上硅胶柱层析或过葡聚凝胶柱层析，进一步分离，纯化，结晶得到。
吸烟不断的使支气管粘膜逐渐充血、肥厚、腺体增生和肥大，形成慢性支气管炎。正常情况下，肺细支气管和肺泡部位的中性粒细胞为数很少，而吸烟引起慢支后则数量明显增多，中性粒细胞释放的弹性蛋白酶亦随之增加，导致肺内的蛋白酶和抗蛋白酶失去平衡，蛋白酶使肺的弹性纤维破坏，最终发生阻塞性肺气肿。把紫菀有效部位添加到烟丝中，当接火燃烧后，利用香烟在抽吸燃烧过程中从燃烧头到过滤嘴之间存在温度越来越底的温度梯度，使紫菀的挥发油、黄酮类、萜类等有效部位在还未被高温破坏之前就随主流烟气一起挥发而被吸入人体，紫菀有效部位在吸烟者体内通过促进呼吸道的分泌量增加，使痰液稀释，痰液的粘稠度下降，使痰液易于咳出，同时对多种革兰氏阳性菌的抑制，发挥其药理作用，从而抑制了香烟焦油和尼古丁等有害物质对吸烟者呼吸道的危害，有效地预防和缓解吸烟引起的各种呼吸道不良反应：支气管粘膜充血、肥厚、腺体增大、咳嗽、气喘、瘀痰等症状及支气管炎、阻塞性肺气肿等疾病的发生。
为了证实烟丝中紫菀的有效部位可随烟气挥发从而可进入人体，采用气质联用分析方法(即GC/MS分析方法)和动物实验方法来验证。1.GC/MS分析方法结果表明：加入了紫菀挥发油的香烟在燃烧中挥发油的80％～90％能分散在烟气中，加入了紫菀提取物的香烟在燃烧中70％～80％的有效部位能分散在烟气中，加入了紫菀结晶体的香烟在燃烧中60％～70％的有效部位能分散在烟气中。2.通过小鼠止咳实验和祛痰实验，结果表明，吸含有紫菀有效部位卷烟的小鼠咳嗽的次数明显少于吸普通卷烟的小鼠咳嗽的次数，而气管分泌物则相反。
本发明的可降低香烟危害的紫菀保健香烟基本保持了香烟原有的风格和香味，而且吸后余味舒适，有明显的辛凉感。紫菀是一种传统的中药，制成的紫菀保健香烟长期吸入，对人体无任何毒副作用。
具体实施方式
下文，将详细描述本发明。
实施例一：水蒸汽蒸馏得紫菀挥发油，取1g挥发油加入1000ml无水乙醇中，配制成一定浓度的溶液后，均匀喷洒在999g普通烟丝上，晾干，再用常规卷烟工艺即制成紫菀保健烟。
实施例二：
水蒸汽蒸馏得紫菀挥发油，取挥发油3g加入1000ml无水乙醇中，配制成一定浓度的溶液后，均匀喷洒在997g普通烟丝上，晾干，再用常规卷烟工艺即制成紫菀保健烟。
实施例三：
水蒸汽蒸馏得紫菀挥发油，取挥发油5g加入1000ml无水乙醇中，配制成一定浓度的溶液后，均匀喷洒在995g普通烟丝上，晾干，再用常规卷烟工艺即制成紫菀保健烟。
实施例四：
紫菀根用水提醇沉法或醇提水沉法得粗提取物经精制得结晶体，取0.1g加入至1000ml无水乙醇溶液中，制成紫菀提取液。把该提取液均匀喷洒在999.9g普通烟丝上，晾干，再用常规卷烟工艺即制成紫菀保健烟。
实施例五：
紫菀根用水提醇沉法或醇提水沉法得粗提取物经精制得结晶体，取1g加入至1000ml无水乙醇溶液中，制成紫菀提取液。把该提取液均匀喷洒在999g普通烟丝上，晾干，再用常规卷烟工艺即制成紫菀保健烟。
实施例六：
紫菀根用水提醇沉法或醇提水沉法得粗提取物经精制得结晶体，取5g加入至1000ml无水乙醇溶液中，制成紫菀提取液。把该提取液均匀喷洒在995g普通烟丝上，晾干，再用常规卷烟工艺即制成紫菀保健烟。
实施例七：
紫菀根用水提醇沉法或醇提水沉法得粗提取物，取1g加入至1000ml无水乙醇溶液中，制成紫菀提取液。把该提取液均匀喷洒在999g普通烟丝上，晾干，再用常规卷烟工艺即制成紫菀保健烟。
实施例八：
紫菀根用水提醇沉法或醇提水沉法得粗提取物，取3g加入至1000ml无水乙醇溶液中，制成紫菀提取液。把该提取液均匀喷洒在997g普通烟丝上，晾干，再用常规卷烟工艺即制成紫菀保健烟。
实施例九：
紫菀根用水提醇沉法或醇提水沉法得粗提取物，取5g加入至1000ml无水乙醇溶液中，即制成紫菀提取液。把该提取液均匀喷洒在995g普通烟丝上，晾干，再用常规卷烟工艺即制成紫菀保健烟。
实施例十：
取紫菀挥发油0.04g，溶于1000ml含有0.006％紫菀粗提物的乙醇溶液中，均匀喷洒在999.9g普通烟丝上，晾干，再用常规卷烟工艺即制成紫菀保健烟。紫菀挥发油和紫菀粗提取物的总加入量为烟丝重量的0.01％。
实施例十一：
取紫菀挥发油1g，溶于1000ml含有0.1％紫菀结晶体的乙醇溶液中，均匀喷洒在998g普通烟丝上，晾干，再用常规卷烟工艺即制成紫菀保健烟。紫菀挥发油和紫菀结晶体的总加入量为烟丝重量的0.2％，其中紫菀挥发油和紫菀结晶体各占一半。
实施例十二：
取紫菀挥发油1.5g、紫菀粗提物2g和紫菀结晶体1.5g制成提取液1000ml乙醇溶液，将此溶液均匀喷洒在995g普通烟丝上，晾干，再用常规卷烟工艺即制成紫菀保健烟。紫菀挥发油、紫菀粗提取物和紫菀结晶体的总加入量为烟丝重量的0.5％。
本发明对紫菀挥发油、紫菀粗提物和紫菀结晶体加入到烟丝中的量没有特别的限制，主要视吸烟时的口感来决定。而紫菀有效部位和紫菀提取液的制备方法也不限于上述实施例中所述的方法，而可以采用本领域已公开的其它方法。
Claims (4)
1.一种可降低香烟危害的紫菀保健香烟，其特征在于：在香烟的烟丝中加有从植物紫菀中获取的紫菀有效部位，所述紫菀有效部位的加入量为烟丝重量的0.3～0.5％。
2.根据权利要求1所述的可降低香烟危害的紫菀保健香烟，其特征在于：所述紫菀有效部位为紫菀的挥发油。
3.根据权利要求1所述的可降低香烟危害的紫菀保健香烟，其特征在于：所述紫菀有效部位为从紫菀根中提得的结晶体。
4.根据权利要求1所述的可降低香烟危害的紫菀保健香烟，其特征在于：所述紫菀有效部位为紫菀的粗提物。
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| CN1092311A (zh) * | 1993-03-11 | 1994-09-21 | 王岩 | 咳喘宁药烟 |
| CN1102558A (zh) * | 1993-10-09 | 1995-05-17 | 珠海天元保健添加剂有限公司 | 卷烟减毒保健添加剂 |
| CN1242174A (zh) * | 1998-06-30 | 2000-01-26 | 中国船舶工业总公司第七研究院第七一一研究所 | 中草药纸质保健香烟 |
| CN1440697A (zh) * | 2002-02-27 | 2003-09-10 | 高见 | 卷烟添加剂 |
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| CN1092311A (zh) * | 1993-03-11 | 1994-09-21 | 王岩 | 咳喘宁药烟 |
| CN1102558A (zh) * | 1993-10-09 | 1995-05-17 | 珠海天元保健添加剂有限公司 | 卷烟减毒保健添加剂 |
| CN1242174A (zh) * | 1998-06-30 | 2000-01-26 | 中国船舶工业总公司第七研究院第七一一研究所 | 中草药纸质保健香烟 |
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