CN100433204C - Rare-earth magnet - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a rare earth type magnet capable of reducing the eddy current loss during sintering a permanent magnet. A layer comprising at least more than one alkali earth element or rare earth element and fluorine is formed on part of the surface near the grain boundary or dust surface of ferromagnetic material at least containing one rare earth element. Another layer or an oxidization layer containing rare earth element, which at least comprises more than one rare earth element with lower fluorine concentration than the layer and higher rare earth element concentration than the parent phase of the ferromagnetic material, is arranged adjacent to part of the layer. The rare earth type magnet which has a loss reduction effect is applicable to a magnetic loop exposed to a high frequency magnetic field. The rare earth type magnet is also expected to have an overall efficiency improvement and a magnetic loop noise reduction effect brought about by the loss reduction effect.

Description

Rare earth element magnet

Technical field

The present invention relates to rare earth element magnet and manufacture method thereof.

Background technology

The rare-earth sintered magnet that contains fluorine compounds in the past is described in the spy and opens in the 2003-282312 communique.In the described conventional art, fluorine compounds become granular crystal boundary phase, and crystal boundary or the powder surface along magnet do not form, in order to reduce vortex flow and to guarantee energy product, the layer that contains fluorine is formed continuously, does not have the record for the layer adjacent with the layer that comprises described fluorine.

[patent documentation 1] spy opens the 2003-282312 communique

In the described invention in the past, added the NdFeB sintered magnet with powder with as the DyF of fluorine compounds ₃And the magnetic characteristic of the sintered magnet of making is documented in the table 3.When adding 5 weight %DyF ₃The time, the value of remanence (Br) is 11.9kG, the value (13.2kG) when not adding is compared, and has reduced about 9.8%.Because remanence reduces, energy product ((BH) _MAX) also significantly reduce.So no matter whether the coercive force increase,, therefore be difficult to use in the magnetic loop of the magnetic flux of having relatively high expectations because energy product is less.In addition, in the described invention in the past, the compound that contains fluorine is formed discontinuously, can't expect to reduce the effect of eddy current losses.

Summary of the invention

One of the present invention is characterised in that, in the strong magnetic material that contains a kind of rare earth element at least, on the crystal boundary of described strong magnetic material or near the part the powder surface, form the alkali earths element that comprises more than at least a kind or the layer of rare earth element and fluorine, adjacent with the part of described layer and be formed with the rare earth element that comprises at least more than a kind, compare fluorine concentration with described layer lower and compare the higher layer of rare earth element concentration with the parent phase of strong magnetic material, or contains the oxide layer of rare earth element.

According to the present invention, go for being exposed in the magnetic loop in the high frequency magnetic field, also can expect to improve whole efficient, or by the noise that loss reduces the magnetic loop that effect brings reduce effect, heating suppresses effect.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 be expression loss with a large amount of rare earth elements of the layer that contains fluorine/contain layer the figure of relation of Film Thickness Ratio.

Fig. 2 is the profile of whirler.

Fig. 3 is Nd ₂Fe ₁₄B and NdF ₂The TEM picture (one) of near interface.

Fig. 4 is Nd ₂Fe ₁₄B and NdF ₂The TEM picture (its two) of near interface.

Embodiment

In order to reach described purpose, need when keeping magnetic characteristic, form the layer that comprises fluorine along crystal boundary or powder surface.For the situation of NdFeB magnet, Nd ₂Fe ₁₄B is a principal phase, and Nd reaches Nd mutually ₁₁Fe ₄B ₄Be present in the state diagram mutually.If the composition optimization of NdFeB is heated, then on crystal boundary, form Nd mutually or the NdFe alloy phase.This contains the oxidation easily mutually of the Nd of high concentration, and a part forms oxide layer.Contain fluorine the layer from the parent phase of these Nd phases, NdFe alloy-layer or Nd oxide layer see be formed at the outside.In containing the layer of fluorine, at least 1 element that comprises alkaline-earth metal element or rare earth element combines mutually with fluorine.The layer that contains fluorine is and described Nd ₂Fe ₁₄B phase, Nd phase, NdFe are mutually or Nd oxide layer contact and forming.With Nd ₂Fe ₁₄B compares, and Nd or NdFe phase fusing point are lower, spreads because of heating easilier, and tissue is changed.With Nd, NdFe mutually or the Nd thickness of oxide layer compare, make contain fluorine and alkali earths or rare earth element the layer average thickness thicker very important, by adopting this kind thickness, just can reduce eddy current losses, and have high magnetic characteristic.Nd phase or NdFe phase (Nd ₉₅Fe ₅Though) under 665 ℃ eutectic temperature, be created on the crystal boundary, even under this kind temperature, make the layer that contains fluorine also very stable, need be than Nd phase or NdFe phase (Nd ₉₅Fe ₅) thickness thicker, the layer that contains fluorine just can be continuously and with described mutually adjacent.By adopting this kind thickness, the thermal stability that contains the layer of fluorine improves, just can prevent by the defective that heating causes from adjacent layer import or layer instabilityizatioies such as discontinuousization.In addition, NdFeB class rare earth element is contained the powder of the strong magnetic material more than a kind at least owing to contain rare earth element, therefore oxidized easily.In order to make it easy processing, also use the powder after the oxidation to make magnet sometimes.When this kind oxide layer thickening, though magnetic characteristic reduces, the stability that contains the layer of fluorine also reduces.When the oxide layer thickening, confirm the variation that structure is being arranged containing under the heat treatment temperature more than 400 ℃ in the layer of fluorine.Between layer that contains fluorine and oxide layer, cause diffusion and alloying (diffusion of fluoride and oxide, alloying).

Below, describe using material of the present invention.The layer that contains fluorine is CaF ₂, MgF ₂, CeF ₃, PrF ₃, NdF ₃, NdF ₂, SmF ₃, EuF ₃, GdF ₃, TbF ₃, DyF ₃, HoF ₃, ErF ₃, YbF ₃, LuF ₃And the fluorine compounds noncrystal, that constitute by the multiple element that constitutes these fluorine compounds of the composition of these fluorine compounds, in these fluorine compounds, mixed the compound fluorine compounds of oxygen or nitrogen or carbon etc., in these fluorides, sneaked into the fluoride that constitutes element that comprises the impurity that is contained in the principal phase or compared the lower fluorine compounds of fluorine concentration with described fluorine compounds.The layer that this kind contains fluorine can utilize sputtering method, vapour deposition method, metallikon, utilize the methods such as rubbing method of solution to form along powder surface on the surface that shows ferromagnetic powder.The layer that contains fluorine can any one operation before the heat treatment that is used for high coercive forceization or after the heat treatment form, and after powder surface is covered by the layer that contains fluorine, makes magnetic field orientating, and heating is shaped and makes anisotropy magnet.Also can not apply and be used for additional anisotropic magnetic field, make isotropic magnet.In addition, by will with the powder after the layer covering that contains fluorine after high coercive forceization has been carried out in heating under the heat treatment temperature below 1200 ℃, making it to mix, make compound, thereby can make binding magnet with organic material.In containing the strong magnetic material of rare earth element, can use Nd ₂Fe ₁₄B, (Nd, Dy) ₂Fe ₁₄B, Nd ₂(Fe, Co) ₁₄B, (Nd, Dy) ₂(Fe, Co) ₁₄B or in these NdFeB classes, added Ga, Mo, V, Cu, Zr, Tb, the powder of Pr, Sm ₂Co ₁₇The Sm of class ₂(Co, Fe, Cu, Zr) ₁₇Or Sm ₂Fe ₁₇N ₃Deng.

Below, will use accompanying drawing that embodiments of the invention are described.

[embodiment 1]

The NdFeB alloy powder is with Nd ₂Fe ₁₄B is a principal phase, and the powder of the rich Nd phase of having grown on the crystal boundary of principal phase, powder diameter are 1-10 μ m.At this ferromagnetism powder surface spraying plating NdF ₃Employed NdF in the spraying plating ₃Powder is the powder diameter of 10-100nm, when the plating surface that makes the ferromagnetism powder moves, forms NdF on the surface ₃In spraying plating gas, use Ar, NdF ₃After powder is exposed in the plasma, be formed on the ferromagnetism powder surface.This powder is heated to 200 ℃～300 ℃ in inert gas atmosphere, after the orientation punching press, further heating is burnt till under 600～900 ℃ in magnetic field.For the powder after burning till, utilize infiltration type electron microscope or scanning electron microscope to estimate a plurality of sections, roughly form through confirming a large amount of layers that exist of rare earth element or a large amount of layers that exist of oxygen along the powder outer circumferential side.In addition, the concentration of the rare earth element in a large amount of layers that exist of these rare earth elements or a large amount of layers that exist of oxygen is higher than the average rare earth element concentration of the compound of parent phase.In addition, in a large amount of oxide layers that exist of oxygen, oxygen concentration is higher than the average oxygen concentration of parent phase.At Nd ₂Fe ₁₄Among the B, a large amount of layers that exist of rare earth element are near Nd ₉₅Fe ₅Or Nd's and so on is non magnetic, and crystal structure is also corresponding to the layer different with parent phase, a large amount of layers that exist of oxygen be contain that near the formation element that is positioned at a large amount of layers that exist of rare earth element and oxygen combines mutually layer.During a large amount of layer thickening that exists of layer that exists when rare earth element is a large amount of or oxygen, then can cause magnetic characteristic such as remanence minimizing to reduce, the thickness of a large amount of layers that exist of rare earth element is that 0.1-100nm gets final product.When the thickness with a large amount of layers that exist of rare earth element is made as average 2nm, control spraying plating time and making is contained the varied in thickness of the layer of fluorine, make powder, use this powder to make surperficial Magnmet rotor, if expression loss and the layer that contains fluorine/contain in a large number rare earth element layer the relation of Film Thickness Ratio, then as shown in Figure 1.According to making the gap magnetic density reach equal mode, adjusting play and estimating.Loss be reduced for the Film Thickness Ratio of Fig. 1 surpasses 1 situation, Film Thickness Ratio is 1 when following, and is then unconfirmed to loss reduction effect.When the layer that contains fluorine is thinner, when thinner, the layer that then contains fluorine just can not become continuous layer than the layer that contains a large amount of rare earth elements, can't be with containing layer powder or particle fully being covered of fluorine.In contrast, when the layer that contains fluorine is thicker than the layer that contains rare earth element, then become continuous layer easily.The layer that contains a large amount of rare earth elements is that rare earth element approximately exists 95% layer as previously mentioned, the layer that contains fluorine corresponding to contain the above fluorine of 10 (atom) % layer, preferably contain the layer more than 50%.When the layer that contains rare earth element in a large number was thicker than the layer that contains fluorine, the layer that then contains fluorine just became unstable on calorifics easily, and stress or diffusion etc. destroy continuity easily.Compare with the layer that contains a large amount of oxygen, the loss that contains layer one side of a large amount of fluorine is reduced, and the layer that contains a large amount of oxygen is the thinnest like the layer that contains fluorine.At this moment, in containing the layer of a large amount of fluorine, aerobic will be contained, in containing the layer of fluorine, fluorine and oxygen both sides will be contained.

[embodiment 2]

The NdFeB alloy powder is the powder that is ground into average grain diameter 1-10 μ m, at the surface sputtering NdF of NdFeB powder ₃Use is by NdF ₃The target of powder forming in the mixed-gas atmosphere of argon gas or argon gas and fluorine, forms the layer that contains fluoride on NdFeB alloy powder surface.Before the sputter of fluoride, utilize reverse sputtering etc. that powder surface is just cleaned and to remove oxide layer.Vibration is provided or rotatablely moves to the NdFeB alloy powder, at all layers that contains fluoride or fluorine that forms of powder surface.On the surface of NdFeB alloy powder, there is the phase of the composition of the rare earth element 1～10nm different with parent phase, oxide layer is often arranged in its vicinity.When in the part, thickness, the thickness of oxide layer of the phase that the composition of rare earth element is different with parent phase are different, and when powder was inhomogeneous, these thickness can reach 100～1000nm.The layer that comprises fluorine that is formed at powder surface must be as the thickness of the different layer of the composition of described rare earth element 1 to more than the 10nm, after having formed the layer that comprises fluorine, when the heat treatment carried out in order to ensure magnetic characteristic more than 600 ℃, though be the above thickness of thickness of oxide layer, be preferably formed as to reduce and lose thickness required when being purpose.This be because, the different layer of the composition of oxide layer and rare earth element is because under the temperature more than 600 ℃, be easy to generate diffusion with the layer that comprises fluorine, the structure that comprises the layer of fluorine changes, therefore the near interface of layer that comprises fluorine just can't be kept its continuity or crystal structure because of the thickness such as diffusion of the intrusion of defective or oxygen, rare earth element when thin.More than 1000nm, under the thicker situation of thickness of oxide layer, the thickness that comprises the layer of fluorine preferably is made as more than the 1000nm in thickness of oxide layer.Comprise fluorine the layer after forming with methods such as sputters soon, though textural for containing unbodied NdF ₃And NdF ₂The mixing phase, if but the control formation condition, then can form only contain amorphous, only contain NdF ₃Or instrument contains NdF ₂The layer of fluorine.After having formed these layers that contain fluorine, in 600 ℃～1200 ℃ temperature range, implement heat treatment.At this moment, contain the layer of fluorine and with near the structure of the contacted layer of layer that contains fluorine great changes will take place.The layer that the composition of rare earth element is different with parent phase will further growth when heat treatment temperature uprises, and the oxygen of oxide layer can all spread to each side of the different layer of the composition of layer that contains fluorine or rare earth element.When these layers were thicker than 100nm, thickness was big more, and then magnetic characteristic is just low more.Thus, comprise fluorine the layer thickness also be to decide by essential magnetic characteristic.The layer that contains fluorine can form along powder surface, and its film thickness distribution becomes+200% ,-50% scope.When the powder utilization that has formed the layer that contains fluorine when use is burnt till and wait to be formed magnet, contain fluorine layer thickness preferably on average below 10000nm.Before burning till with the powder of fluoride, the stability of the layer that contains fluorine can be provided, but this moment, though contain the layer of fluorine contacts with the powder of fluoride and produces the thicker part that contains fluorine in the part, but the thickness of the layer that contains fluorine that forms along powder is preferably on average below 10000nm, if thickness is more than it, then the reduction of energy product will become obvious.

[embodiment 3]

NdFeB powder etc. is contained the ferromagnetism powder of rare earth element more than a kind at least, use comprise in the middle of alkali earths element or the rare earth element more than at least a kind and the solution of fluorine, form the layer that contains fluorine at described ferromagnetism powder surface.In the surperficial integral body or the local growth of ferromagnetism powder, the layer that contains fluorine of having grown forms along powder surface the layer that contains fluorine in solution.Behind the solvent of having removed powder surface, this ferromagnetism powder 600～1100 ℃ of heating down, is carried out high coercive forceization.After confirming to demonstrate given coercive force, in magnetic field, be orientated, heating is shaped, and obtains density at the formed body more than 90%.Make this formed body magnetization, just can obtain magnet.After high coercive forceization,, heat shaping and the formation binding magnet with organic material with formed the ferromagnetism powder mixing of the layer that contains fluorine on the surface after.Using described solution when NdFeB powder surface or crystal boundary portion make the layer growth that contains fluorine, be pre-formed oxide layer, with this oxide layer is that substrate makes the layer growth that contains fluorine, perhaps with the composition of terres rares different with parent phase the layer be substrate make it the growth, not on parent phase direct growth contain fluorine the layer.After forming the layer that contains fluorine in these substrates, because heat treatment, the part of base oxide is mixed with the layer that contains fluorine, and perhaps the part of the composition of the terres rares layer different with parent phase produces the phase counterdiffusion with the layer that contains fluorine, make contain fluorine layer the thickness increase.Though the thickness of this kind substrate integral body changes because of heat treatment etc. adds thermal history with the relation of the thickness of the layer that contains fluorine, but the thickness of planting substrate is therewith compared, the side of thickness of layer of containing fluorine is thicker, and then as shown in Figure 1, loss reduces effect just can not be obvious.For the relation of this kind thickness, be the relation in the more smooth place on powder surface or crystal boundary surface, rather than the special residing relation in field such as the jut of crystal boundary intersection point, powder.What so-called more smooth place was meant powder is not the part of acute angle part, is that thickness is in average film thickness-50%, the place in+200% the scope.When using solution formation to contain the layer of fluorine, the area that falls into the scope of described thickness can be made as has implemented whole more than 50% of surface-treated area.Use solution formation to contain the fluorine-containing layer of average 1000nm for being made as 1-20nm at the thickness with substrate after, the powder heating is shaped and the magnet of making, making whirler has as shown in Figure 2 been estimated loss.Its result is illustrated in table 1 and the table 2.

Table 1

Parent phase	The basalis on surface	The layer that contains fluorine	Loss changes (%)
				Nd 2Fe 14B	Nd、Nd 95Fe、Nd 2O 3	BaF 2	-0.5
Nd 2Fe 14B	Nd、Nd 95Fe、Nd 2O 3	CaF 2	-0.5
				Nd 2Fe 14B	Nd、Nd 95Fe、Nd 2O 3	MgF 2	-0.4
Nd 2Fe 14B	Nd、Nd 95Fe、Nd 2O 3	SrF 2	-0.5
				Nd 2Fe 14B	Nd、Nd 95Fe、Nd 2O 3	LiF	-0.5
Nd 2Fe 14B	Nd、Nd 95Fe、Nd 2O 3	LaF 3	-0.7
				Nd 2Fe 14B	Nd、Nd 95Fe、Nd 2O 3	NdF 3	-4.5
Nd 2Fe 14B	Nd、Nd 95Fe、Nd 2O 3	PrF 3	-2.5
				Nd 2Fe 14B	Nd、Nd 95Fe、Nd 2O 3	SmF 3	-2.4
Nd 2Fe 14B	Nd、Nd 95Fe、Nd 2O 3	EuF 3	-2.1
				Nd 2Fe 14B	Nd、Nd 95Fe、ND 2O 3	GdF 3	-2.0
Nd 2Fe 14B	Nd、Nd 95Fe、Nd 2O 3	TbF 3	-3.3
				Nd 2Fe 14B	Nd、Nd 95Fe、Nd 2O 3	DyF 3	-2.5
Nd 2Fe 14B	Nd、Nd 95Fe、Nd 2O 3	CeF 3	-2.5
				Nd 2Fe 14B	Nd、Nd 95Fe、Nd 2O 3	HoF 3	-2.0
Nd 2Fe 14B	Nd、Nd 95Fe、Nd 2O 3	ErF 3	-2.0
				Nd 2Fe 14B	Nd、Nd 95Fe、Nd 2O 3	TmF 3	-1.5
Nd 2Fe 14B	Nd、Nd 95Fe、Nd 2O 3	YbF 3	-1.0
				Nd 2Fe 14B	Nd、Nd 95Fe、Nd 2O 3	PmF 3	-0.7
Nd 2Fe 14B	Nd、Nd 95Fe、Nd 2O 3	NdF 3、NdF 2	-4.4
				Nd 2Fe 14B	Nd、Nd 95Fe、Nd 2O 3	NdF 3、NdF 2、Nd(F，O) 3	-4.2
Nd 2Fe 14B	Nd、Nd 95Fe、Nd 2O 3	NdF 3、Nd(F，O) 2、Nd(F，O) 3	-4.0
				Nd 2Fe 14B	Nd 95Fe	TbF 3	-3.1
Nd 2Fe 14B	Nd 95Fe	DyF 3	-2.2
				Nd 2Fe 14B	Nd 95Fe	NdF 3、NdF 2	-3.1
Nd 2Fe 14B	Nd 95Fe	NdF 3、NdF 2、Nd(F，O) 3	-3.0
				Nd 2Fe 14B	Nd 95Fe	NdF 3、Nd(F，O) 2、Nd(F，O) 3	-2.6
				(Nd，Dy) 2Fe 14B	(Nd，Dy) 95Fe	TbF 3	-3.2
(Nd，Dy) 2Fe 14B	(Nd，Dy) 95Fe	DyF 3	-2.4
				(Nd，Dy) 2Fe 14B	(Nd，Dy) 95Fe	NdF 3、NdF 2	-3.1
(Nd，Dy) 2Fe 14B	(Nd，Dy) 95Fe	NdF 3、NdF 2、Nd(F，O) 3	-3.2
				(Nd，Dy) 2Fe 14B	(Nd，Dy) 95Fe	NdF 3、Nd(F，O) 2、Nd(F，O) 3	-2.9
				Nd 2(Fe，Co) 14B	Nd 95Fe	TbF 3	-3.4
Nd 2(Fe，Co) 14B	Nd 95Fe	DyF 3	-2.6
				Nd 2(Fe，Co) 14B	Nd 95Fe	NdF 3、NdF 2	-3.2
Nd 2(Fe，Co) 14B	Nd 95Fe	NdF 3、NdF 2、Nd(F，O) 3	-3.3
				Nd 2(Fe，Co) 14B	Nd 95Fe	NdF 3、Nd(F，O) 2、Nd(F，O) 3	-3.1
				(Nd，Dy) 2(Fe，Co) 14B	(Nd，Dy) 95(Fe，Co)	TbF 3	-3.1
(Nd，Dy) 2(Fe，Co) 14B	(Nd，Dy) 95(Fe，Co)	DyF 3	-2.4
				(Nd，Dy) 2(Fe，Co) 14B	(Nd，Dy) 95(Fe，Co)	NdF 3、NdF 2	-3.0
(Nd，Dy) 2(Fe，Co) 14B	(Nd，Dy) 95(Fe，Co)	NdF 3、NdF 2、Nd(F，O) 3	-2.9
				(Nd，Dy) 2(Fe，Co) 14B	(Nd，Dy) 95(Fe，Co)	NdF 3、Nd(F，O) 2、Nd(F，O) 3	-2.9
				Nd 2Fe 14(B，C)	Nd 95Fe	TbF 3	-2.9

Table 2

Nd 2Fe 14(B，C)	Nd 95Fe	DyF 3	-2.2
				Nd 2Fe 14(B，C)	Nd 95Fe	NdF 3、NdF 2	-2.7
Nd 2Fe 14(B，C)	Nd 95Fe	NdF 3、NdF 2、Nd(F，O) 3	-2.5
				Nd 2Fe 14(B，C)	Nd 95Fe	NdF 3、Nd(F，O) 2、Nd(F，O) 3	-2.4
				Nd 2(Fe，Co，Zr) 14B	Nd 2(Fe，Co，Zr，O) 14B	TbF 3	-2.1
Nd 2(Fe，Co，Zr) 14B	Nd 2(Fe，Co，Zr，O) 14B	DyF 3	-1.5
				Nd 2(Fe，Co，Zr) 14B	Nd 2(Fe，Co，Zr，O) 14B	NdF 3、NdF 2	-1.8
Nd 2(Fe，Co，Zr) 14B	Nd 2(Fe，Co，Zr，O) 14B	NdF 3、NdF 2、Nd(F，O) 3	-2.2
				Nd 2(Fe，Co，Zr) 14B	Nd 2(Fe，Co，Zr，O) 14B	NdF 3、Nd(F，O) 2、Nd(F，O) 3	-2.8
				Nd 2(Fe，Co，Zr) 14B	Nd 2(Fe，Co，Zr，O，H) 14B	TbF 3	-1.9
Nd 2(Fe，Co，Zr) 14B	Nd 2(Fe，Co，Zr，O，H) 14B	DyF 3	-2.4
				Nd 2(Fe，Co，Zr) 14B	Nd 2(Fe，Co，Zr，O，H) 14B	NdF 3、NdF 2	-2.3
Nd 2(Fe，Co，Zr) 14B	Nd 2(Fe，Co，Zr，O，H) 14B	NdF 3、NdF 2、Nd(F，O) 3	-2.8
				Nd 2(Fe，Co，Zr) 14B	Nd 2(Fe，Co，Zr，O，H) 14B	NdF 3、Nd(F，O) 2、Nd(F，O) 3	-2.5
				Nd 2(Fe，Co，Ga) 14B	Nd 95(Fe，Co，Ga)	TbF 3	-2.6
Nd 2(Fe，Co，Ga) 14B	Nd 95(Fe，Co，Ga)	DyF 3	-2.5
				Nd 2(Fe，Co，Ga) 14B	Nd 95(Fe，Co，Ga)	NdF 3、NdF 2	-3.0
Nd 2(Fe，Co，Ga) 14B	Nd 95(Fe，Co，Ga)	NdF 3、NdF 2、Nd(F，O) 3	-3.5
				Nd 2(Fe，Co，Ga) 14B	Nd 95(Fe，Co，Ga)	NdF 3、Nd(F，O) 2、Nd(F，O) 3	-3.3
				Sm 2Fe 17	Sm 2(Fe，O) 17	TbF 3	-1.5
Sm 2Fe 17	Sm 2(Fe，O) 17	DyF 3	-1.6
				Sm 2Fe 17	Sm 2(Fe，O) 17	NdF 3、NdF 2	-1.9
Sm 2Fe 17	Sm 2(Fe，O) 17	NdF 3、NdF 2、Nd(F，O) 3	-1.4
				Sm 2Fe 17	Sm 2(Fe，O) 17	NdF 3、Nd(F，O) 2、Nd(F，O) 3	-1.5
				Sm 2(Co，Fe，Cu，Zr) 17	Sm(Co，Fe，Cu，Zr) 5	TbF 3	-1.6
Sm 2(Co，Fe，Cu，Zr) 17	Sm(Co，Fe，Cu，Zr) 5	DyF 3	-1.7
				Sm 2(Co，Fe，Cu，Zr) 17	Sm(Co，Fe，Cu，Zr) 5	NdF 3、NdF 2	-1.9
Sm 2(Co，Fe，Cu，Zr) 17	Sm(Co，Fe，Cu，Zr) 5	NdF 3、NdF 2、Nd(F，O) 3	-1.4
				Sm 2(Co，Fe，Cu，Zr) 17	Sm(Co，Fe，Cu，Zr) 5	NdF 3、Nd (F，O) 2、Nd(F，O) 3	-1.3
				Sm 2(Co，Fe，Cu，Zr) 17	Sm 2(Co，Fe，Cu，Zr，O) 17	TbF 3	-1.7
Sm 2(Co，Fe，Cu，Zr) 17	Sm 2(Co，Fe，Cu，Zr，O) 17	DyF 3	-1.8
				Sm 2(Co，Fe，Cu，Zr) 17	Sm 2(Co，Fe，Cu，Zr，O) 17	NdF 3、NdF 2	-1.8
Sm 2(Co，Fe，Cu，Zr) 17	Sm 2(Co，Fe，Cu，Zr，O) 17	NdF 3、NdF 2、Nd(F，O) 3	-1.6
				Sm 2(Co，Fe，Cu，Zr) 17	Sm 2(Co，Fe，Cu，Zr，O) 17	NdF 3、Nd(F，O) 2、Nd(F，O) 3	-1.5
				Sm 2Fe 17N 3	Sm 2Fe 17(N，O) 3	TbF 3	-1.5
Sm 2Fe 17N 3	Sm 2Fe 17(N，O) 3	DyF 3	-1.6
				Sm 2Fe 17N 3	Sm 2Fe 17(N，O) 3	NdF 3、NdF 2	-1.4
Sm 2Fe 17N 3	Sm 2Fe 17(N，O) 3	NdF 3、NdF 2、Nd(F，O) 3	-1.6
				Sm 2Fe 17N 3	Sm 2Fe 17(N，O) 3	NdF 3、Nd(F，O) 2、Nd(F，O) 3	-1.6

Fig. 2 represents the radial section shape of whirler of the present invention.Among Fig. 2, the stator 2 of whirler by with 5 stator cores that form 6 of tooth portion 4 and the core back of the body, surround the armature winding 8 that tooth portion ground is wound on the interior concentrated volume of slit 7 between tooth portion (spiral 8a, V phase spiral 8b, W phase spiral 8c constitute mutually by the U of three-phase spiral) formation.Here, this whirler is owing to be 4 utmost points, 6 slits, so slit separation is expressed as 120 degree with electric angle.Rotor is inserted into axis hole or rotor insertion hole, at the outer surface configuration permanent magnet 1 of armature spindle 3.The loss of table 3 and table 4 is represented when having used the NdFeB sintered magnet that does not form fluorine compounds on the surface continuously as permanent magnet 1 and has been formed loss poor of the permanent magnet of the layer that contains fluoride surfacewise.

Table 3

Table 4

Nd 2(Fe，Co，Zr) 14B	Nd 2(Fe，Co，Zr，O) 14The oxide of B, rare earth element	DyF 3	-1.2
				Nd 2(Fe，Co，Zr) 14B	Nd 2(Fe，Co，Zr，O) 14The oxide of B, rare earth element	NdF 3、NdF 2	-1.3
Nd 2(Fe，Co，Zr) 14B	Nd 2(Fe，Co，Zr，O) 14The oxide of B, rare earth element	NdF 3、NdF 2、Nd(F，O) 3	-1.5
				Nd 2(Fe，Co，Zr) 14B	Nd 2(Fe，Co，Zr，O) 14The oxide of B, rare earth element	NdF 3、Nd(F，O) 2、Nd(F，O) 3	-1.6
				Nd 2(Fe，Co，Zr) 14B	Nd 2(Fe，Co，Zr，O，H) 14The oxide of B, rare earth element	TbF 3	-1.5
Nd 2(Fe，Co，Zr) 14B	Nd 2(Fe，Co，Zr，O，H) 14The oxide of B, rare earth element	DyF 3	-1.4
				Nd 2(Fe，Co，Zr) 14B	Nd 2(Fe，Co，Zr，O，H) 14The oxide of B, rare earth element	NdF 3、NdF 2	-1.8
Nd 2(Fe，Co，Zr) 14B	Nd 2(Fe，Co，Zr，O，H) 14The oxide of B, rare earth element	NdF 3、NdF 2、Nd(F，O) 3	-1.9
				Nd 2(Fe，Co，Zr) 14B	Nd 2(Fe，Co，Zr，O，H) 14The oxide of B, rare earth element	NdF 3、Nd(F，O) 2、Nd(F，O) 3	-2.1
				Nd 2(Fe，Co，Ga) 14B	Nd 95(Fe, Co, Ga), the oxide of rare earth element	TbF 3	-2.1
Nd 2(Fe，Co，Ga) 14B	Nd 95(Fe, Co, Ga), the oxide of rare earth element	DyF 3	-2.1
				Nd 2(Fe，Co，Ga) 14B	Nd 95(Fe, Co, Ga), the oxide of rare earth element	NdF 3、NdF 2	-2.3
Nd 2(Fe，Co，Ga) 14B	Nd 95(Fe, Co, Ga), the oxide of rare earth element	NdF 3、NdF 2、Nd(F，O) 3	-2.3
				Nd 2(Fe，Go，Ga) 14B	Nd 95(Fe, Co, Ga), the oxide of rare earth element	NdF 3、Nd(F，O) 2、Nd(F，O) 3	-2.6
				Sm 2Fe 17	Sm 2(Fe，O) 17, rare earth element oxide	TbF 3	-1.1
Sm 2Fe 17	Sm 2(Fe，O) 17, rare earth element oxide	DyF 3	-1.2
				Sm 2Fe 17	Sm 2(Fe，O) 17, rare earth element oxide	NdF 3、NdF 2	-1.3
Sm 2Fe 17	Sm 2(Fe，O) 17, rare earth element oxide	NdF 3、NdF 2、Nd(F，O) 3	-1.1
				Sm 2Fe 17	Sm 2(Fe，O) 17, rare earth element oxide	NdF 3、Nd(F，O) 2、Nd(F，O) 3	-1.1
				Sm 2(Co，Fe，Cu，Zr) 17	Sm(Co，Fe，Cu，Zr) 5, rare earth element oxide	TbF 3	-1.1
Sm 2(Co，Fe，Cu，Zr) 17	Sm(Co，Fe，Cu，Zr) 5, rare earth element oxide	DyF 3	-1.2
				Sm 2(Co，Fe，Cu，Zr) 17	Sm(Co，Fe，Cu，Zr) 5, rare earth element oxide	NdF 3、NdF 2	-1.3
Sm 2(Co，Fe，Cu，Zr) 17	Sm(Co，Fe，Cu，Zr) 5, rare earth element oxide	NdF 3、NdF 2、Nd(F，O) 3	-1.1
				Sm 2(Co，Fe，Cu，Zr) 17	Sm(Co，Fe，Cu，Zr) 5, rare earth element oxide	NdF 3、Nd(F，O) 2、Nd(F，O) 3	-1.0
				Sm 2(Co，Fe，Cu，Zr) 17	Sm 2(Co，Fe，Cu，Zr，O) 17, rare earth element oxide	TbF 3	-1.1
Sm 2(Co，Fe，Cu，Zr) 17	Sm 2(Co，Fe，Cu，Zr，O) 17, rare earth element oxide	DyF 3	-1.5
				Sm 2(Co，Fe，Cu，Zr) 17	Sm 2(Co，Fe，Cu，Zr，O) 17, rare earth element oxide	NdF 3、NdF 2	-1.4
Sm 2(Co，Fe，Cu，Zr) 17	Sm 2(Co，Fe，Cu，Zr，O) 17, rare earth element oxide	NdF 3、NdF 2、Nd(F，O) 3	-1.1
				Sm 2(Co，Fe，Cu，Zr) 17	Sm 2(Co，Fe，Cu，Zr，O) 17, rare earth element oxide	NdF 3、Nd(F，O) 2、Nd(F，O) 3	-0.7
				Sm 2Fe 17N 3	Sm 2Fe 17(N，O) 3, rare earth element oxide	TbF 3	-1.1
Sm 2Fe 17N 3	Sm 2Fe 17(N，O) 3, rare earth element oxide	DyF 3	-0.9
				Sm 2Fe 17N 3	Sm 2Fe 17(N，O) 3, rare earth element oxide	NdF 3、NdF 2	-0.7
Sm 2Fe 17N 3	Sm 2Fe 17(N，O) 3, rare earth element oxide	NdF 3、NdF 2、Nd(F，O) 3	-0.7
				Sm 2Fe 17N 3	Sm 2Fe 17(N，O) 3, rare earth element oxide	NdF 3、Nd(F，O) 2、Nd(F，O) 3	-0.8

Sintered magnet has all confirmed to have loss to reduce effect under the situation of the layer that comprises fluoride arbitrarily.Even this kind loss reduces effect under than the lower rotating speed of the rotating speed of 1000rpm, in induction voltage waveform, contain under the situation of more radio-frequency component, comprise at gap magnetic density waveform under the situation of waveform distortion, also all obvious.

The present invention can suppress R-Fe-B (R is a rare earth element), can suppress to be exposed to the eddy current losses of the magnet in the varying magnetic fields such as AC magnetic field, realization is accompanied by the minimizing of the heating that eddy current losses produces, and can be used for surperficial magnet motor, embed whirler such as magnet motor or in the MRI of high frequency magnetic field distributed magnet, current limiting element etc.

As mentioned above, in containing the strong magnetic material of at least a kind of rare earth element, the permanent magnet that forms the layer of the alkali earths element that contains more than at least a kind or rare earth element and fluorine in the crystal boundary of described strong magnetic material or near the part the powder surface has loss and reduces effect, go for being exposed in the magnetic loop in the high frequency magnetic field, the efficient of integral body be can also improve, or the noise minimizing effect of the magnetic loop that utilization loss reduction effect is brought, the inhibition effect of generating heat expected.

[embodiment 4]

Use with Nd as Magnaglo ₂Fe ₁₄B is the powder of the powder diameter 1-100 μ m of principal phase, use utilize solvent gellation NdF ₃Local or comprehensive formation on the Magnaglo surface with crystal or non-crystal NdF ₃Film for principal component.In the time of on coating Magnaglo, select to use the solvent that is difficult to Magnaglo is caused damage magnetic or structure.The NdF that coating forms ₃Thickness average out to 1-10000nm.Even at NdF ₃In be mixed with NdF ₂, can the magnetic characteristic of Magnaglo not impacted yet.At the near interface of these fluoride layers and Magnaglo, the oxide that contains rare earth element also can be arranged and as the carbon or the oxygenatedchemicals of the impurity of trace.Will be with Nd ₂Fe ₁₄B has formed NdF in the powder of principal phase ₂The time the sectional tem observed result be illustrated among Fig. 3 and Fig. 4.Fig. 3 is Nd ₂Fe ₁₄B and NdF ₂The TEM picture of near interface.Do not find because of NdF ₂Formation is to Nd ₂Fe ₁₄The B side causes bigger damage.Can find from Fig. 3, Fig. 4, be formed at Nd ₂Fe ₁₄NdF on the B ₂Particle diameter be 10-20nm.Particle growth takes place because of the heat treatment more than 400 ℃ in this particle, and defect concentration reduces.

As NdF ₂The operable identical gelling material of fluoride is: BaF ₂, CaF ₂, MgF ₂, SrF ₂, LiF, LaF ₃, NdF ₃, PrF ₃, SmF ₃, EuF ₃, GdF ₃, TbF ₃, DyF ₃, CeF ₃, HoF ₃, ErF ₃, TmF ₃, YbF ₃, LuF ₃, LaF ₂, NdF ₂, PrF ₂, SmF ₂, EuF ₂, GdF ₂, TbF ₂, DyF ₂, CeF ₂, HoF ₂, ErF ₂, TmF ₂, YbF ₂, LuF ₂, YF ₃, ScF ₃, CrF ₃, MnF ₂, MnF ₃, FeF ₂, FeF ₃, CoF ₂, CoF ₃, NiF ₂, ZnF ₂, AgF, PbF ₄, AlF ₃, GaF ₃, SnF ₂, SnF ₄, InF ₃, PbF ₂, BiF ₃Or the compound fluorine compounds after mixing these fluorine compounds more than 2 kinds, or with M _xF _yThe fluorine compounds of expression and M is a kind or multiple metallic element, X is 1 to 5, Y is the fluoride of 1 to 10 composition.In the part of F, also can mix light elements such as oxygen, carbon, nitrogen, boron.Perhaps, also can be by with Nd ₂Fe ₁₄B is that the powder surface of principal phase forms the non-crystal composition that contains fluorine compounds have more than at least a kind with the equal composition of the described compound that contains fluorine or alloy, and the temperature coefficient that just can obtain coercive force reduces, coercive force increases, the temperature coefficient of remanence reduces or the rectangularity of the increase of Hk, demagnetizing curve improves, corrosion resistance improves, any one effect of oxidation inhibition.No matter these fluorides are that ferromagnetism can or non magnetic under 20 ℃.By using gel coating on Magnaglo, just situation about can mix with the fluoride powder than not using gel is compared, and improves the coverage rate of the fluoride on Magnaglo surface.So, and compare with the situation that the fluoride powder mixes, to have used among the side of covering of gel, described effect is manifested more significantly.Even in fluoride, contain the formation element of aerobic, parent phase, also can keep described effect.The Magnaglo that making will form described fluoride layer and epoxy resin, polyimide resin, polyamide, polyamide-imide resin, Kai Er acid imide (kerimide) resin, maleic anhydride imide resin, polyphenylene oxide, polyphenylene sulfide monomer or epoxy resin, polyamide, polyamide-imide resin, Kai Erya amide resin, the maleic anhydride compound that organic resins such as imide resin have mixed that contracts that contracts, by in magnetic field or in the non-magnetic field, being shaped, just can make binding magnet.Used the Nd that has been coated with described gel ₂Fe ₁₄The binding magnet of B powder is identical with the effect of utilizing magnetic, can confirm that temperature coefficient reduction, the coercive force of coercive force increases, the temperature coefficient of remanence reduces or increase, the rectangularity raising of demagnetizing curve, the corrosion resistance of Hk improve, any one effect of oxidation inhibition.These effects are considered to that near the formation, magnetic region construction of stable, fluoride because of fluoride layer anisotropy increases, fluoride prevents what the oxidation of magnetic from causing.

[embodiment 5]

Use with Nd as Magnaglo ₂Fe ₁₄B, Sm ₂Fe ₁₇N ₃Or Sm ₂Co ₁₇Be the powder of the powder diameter 1-100 μ m of principal phase, use and contain REF ₃The gelling material of (RE is a rare earth element) is at the local of Magnaglo surface or be coated with formation with non-crystal REF comprehensively ₃Film for principal component.REF ₃Thickness average out to 1-10000nm.Even at REF ₃The middle REF that mixes ₂, can the magnetic characteristic of Magnaglo not impacted yet.After coating, employed solvent in the gel making is removed.At the near interface of these fluoride layers and Magnaglo, the oxide that contains rare earth element also can be arranged and as the carbon of impurity or oxygenatedchemicals, terres rares enrichment phase.The composition of fluoride layer can be at REF _x(X=1-3) composition or coating condition by the control gel in the scope change.Contain composition by the non-crystal fluorine compounds that form these crystal more than at least a kind on the surface of described Magnaglo or have an equal composition, the temperature coefficient that just can obtain coercive force reduces, coercive force increases, the temperature coefficient of remanence reduces or the rectangularity of the increase of Hk, demagnetizing curve improves, corrosion resistance improves, any one effect of oxidation inhibition.The Magnaglo of described fluoride layer and epoxy resin, polyimide resin, polyamide, polyamide-imide resin, Kai Er imide resin, maleic anhydride imide resin, polyphenylene oxide, polyphenylene sulfide monomer or epoxy resin, polyamide, polyamide-imide resin, Kai Erya amide resin, the maleic anhydride organic resin mixing manufacture compounds such as imide resin that contract that contract will have been formed, by compressing or extrusion molding, just can make binding magnet.Perhaps utilize the compression molding, heating shaping, the extrusion molding that have used mould, just the Magnaglo that has formed described fluoride layer can be made the shaping magnet that the Magnaglo volume fraction is 80%-99%.In this shaping magnet, portion forms fluoride with stratiform at crystal boundary.Used the Nd that has been coated with gel ₂Fe ₁₄B, Sm ₂Fe ₁₇N ₃Or Sm ₂Co ₁₇The binding magnet of powder is identical with the effect of utilizing magnetic, can confirm that temperature coefficient reduction, the coercive force of coercive force increases, the temperature coefficient of remanence reduces or increase, the rectangularity raising of demagnetizing curve, the corrosion resistance of Hk improve, any one effect of oxidation inhibition.Nd ₂Fe ₁₄B, Sm ₂Fe ₁₇N ₃Or Sm ₂Co ₁₇Though powder is added with various elements respectively on using, even add arbitrarily under the situation of element, also can form fluoride in use, can confirm described effect.In addition, Nd ₂Fe ₁₄B, Sm ₂Fe ₁₇N ₃Or Sm ₂Co ₁₇The metal species element that magnetic contains rare earth element by interpolation waits controls tissue or crystal structure, crystal boundary, particle diameter etc.Thus, beyond principal phase, also utilize and add element or magnet production process formation principal phase phase in addition.For the situation of NdFeB class, though have boride or terres rares enrichment phase or iron enrichment to equate, also can be coated with described gelling material on the surface of the powder that has formed this kind phase and these oxides, can form the fluoride of stratiform.

[embodiment 6]

BaF is made on the surface of the magnetic by will containing the rare earth element more than at least a kind ₂, CaF ₂, MgF ₂, SrF ₂, LiF, LaF ₃, NdF ₃, PrF ₃, SmF ₃, EuF ₃, GdF ₃, TbF ₃, DyF ₃, CeF ₃, HoF ₃, ErF ₃, TmF ₃, YbF ₃, LuF ₃, LaF ₂, NdF ₂, PrF ₂, SmF ₂, EuF ₂, GdF ₂, TbF ₂, DyF ₂, CeF ₂, HoF ₂, ErF ₂, TmF ₂, YbF ₂, LuF ₂, YF ₃, ScF ₃, CrF ₃, MnF ₂, MnF ₃, FeF ₂, FeF ₃, CoF ₂, CoF ₃, NiF ₂, ZnF ₂, AgF, PbF ₄, AlF ₃, GaF ₃, SnF ₂, SnF ₄, InF ₃, PbF ₂, BiF ₃At least a kind, just can realize that corrosion resistance improves or high resistanceization.By will be with Nd ₂Fe ₁₄B is that heat-treat under the temperature more than 100 ℃ after being coated with the gel that contains fluorine on the surface of the sintered body of principal phase, forms the described compound that contains fluorine.The thickness that contains the layer of fluorine is 1-10000nm.Can obtain to have than resistance with the thickness more than the 1nm is 1 * 10 ⁴The layer that contains fluorine of the value that Ω cm is above.This film is because stable below 1000 ℃, therefore just can prevent the oxidation of the ferromagnetic material that at high temperature uses.In order to reduce pin hole, fluoride layer is made as multilayer, or with metal species film (Ni, Cr, Cu etc.) and the described film-stack that contains fluorine, guarantee aspect the corrosion resistance also effective.And, contain in the fluorine compounds of growing on the layer of fluorine described, also can contain light elements such as aerobic, nitrogen, boron.When at Nd ₂Fe ₁₄Use gel coating NdF on the B formed body ₃, when under the temperature more than 100 ℃, heat-treating, just can form with NdF ₃It is main film.This film is 1-10000nm, demonstrates 1 * 10 ⁴The resistance value that Ω cm is above.In addition, when when heat-treating more than 400 ℃, NdF ₂Just with Nd ₂Fe ₁₄The near interface growth of B.Because NdF ₂, will be difficult to peel off, and resistance value further improves.When there is the Ni film on the formed body surface, also can similarly form NdF ₃, obtain to demonstrate 1 * 10 ⁴The film of the resistance value that Ω cm is above.

[embodiment 7]

Use Nd as retentive material ₂Fe ₁₄B uses Fe as soft magnetic material, makes magnetic loop.The interim Nd that is shaped in mould ₂Fe ₁₄Insert the Fe powder around the B, at stamping pressure 1t/cm ²More than form.These powder by the material that contains fluorine with surface-coated.After the punching press, in heat-treatment furnace, heat, make combination between the coat.Its temperature is 500 ℃～1200 ℃.Produce diffusion, Nd in the fluoride ₂Fe ₁₄The fluoride of B and Fe powder surface in conjunction with and integrated.Processing after integrated is different because of the design of the magnetic loop that will use, because coating material is arranged, therefore it is characterized in that, even Nd ₂Fe ₁₄B is the surface, and corrosion resistance is also high, and eddy current losses is also little.Can use the material of this kind fluoride with retentive material and soft magnetic material heating shaping, be Nd as retentive material ₂Fe ₁₄B, Sm ₂Co ₁₇, SmCo ₅, terres rares-3d transition metal-type or terres rares-3d transition metal-semimetal class such as NdFeSi class, NdFeAl class, SmFeN class, be Fe class, FeCo class, Fe-Si class, Fe-C class, Ni class, Fe-Ni class etc. as soft magnetic material.At least the metal species magnetic that contains embodiment 7 rare earth element in addition more than a kind is owing to the easy oxidation of rare earth element, so magnetic characteristic changes.Fluoride is very effective as the layer of the oxidation that is used to prevent rare earth element, employed fluoride layer can expect that the whole metal species magnetics that comprise rare earth element are had oxidation prevents effect among the described embodiment, can play a role aspect corrosion inhibition, collapse inhibition, the corrosion potential stability.

[embodiment 8]

The foundry alloy vacuum dissolving that will be made of rare earth element and iron or cobalt is carried out coarse crushing, micro mist is broken, obtains the powder of average grain diameter 0.1-10 μ m in inert gas.Powder shape can be spherical, unsetting, tabular any one.Coating contains the solution of gelatinous fluorine compounds on this powder.Solvent be in order to suppress the oxidation of powder, is the solvent of having controlled the content of the kind of impurity or impurity.The solution coat of the amount that use is calculated from the weight of powder is on powder.Utilizing heat treatment to remove after coating desolvates.Average coating 100nm DyF ₃, when under 500 ℃ temperature, carrying out in the vacuum heat treatment, DyF ₃A part just become DyF ₂Because DyF ₂Growth, the magnetic characteristic of powder surface changes, the rectangularity of demagnetizing curve improves as a result, remanence increases.For Sm ₂Co ₁₇The situation of magnetic is also by implementing and can occurring from DyF ₃To DyF ₂The heat treatment that changes of structure, the rectangularity of demagnetizing curve is improved.

[embodiment 9]

With rare earth element and iron or cobalt, vacuum dissolving is carried out coarse crushing, micro mist is broken in inert gas, uses ball milling etc. to obtain the powder of the particle diameter below the 0.1 μ m.Ball milling condition is in alcohol, and under the room temperature, 500-1000rpm uses the fluoride coated spheres.Before ball milling, with rare earth, iron powder DyF ₃Apply.The thickness of coat film is below 1/10 of average diameter of magnetic.By carrying out ball milling, form the rare earth, iron fluorine compounds to applying magnetic.This kind rare earth, iron fluorine compounds contain fluorine with 1-10 atom %, have coercive force more than 10kOe, and remanence is the magnetic characteristic of 0.2T-1.2T.Can the raw material use of the Magnaglo of this kind rare earth, iron fluorine compounds as binding magnet will be contained.

[embodiment 10]

On magnetic powder such as NdFeB class, SmFeN class, SmCo class, formed and comprised BaF ₂, CaF ₂, MgF ₂, SrF ₂, LiF, LaF ₃, NdF ₃, PrF ₃, SmF ₃, EuF ₃, GdF ₃, TbF ₃, DyF ₃, CeF ₃, HoF ₃, ErF ₃, TmF ₃, YbF ₃, LuF ₃, LaF ₂, NdF ₂, PrF ₂, SmF ₂, EuF ₂, GdF ₂, TbF ₂, DyF ₂, CeF ₂, HoF ₂, ErF ₂, TmF ₂, YbF ₂, LuF ₂, YF ₃, ScF ₃, CrF ₃, MnF ₂, MnF ₃, FeF ₂, FeF ₃, CoF ₂, CoF ₃, NiF ₂, ZnF ₂, AgF, PbF ₄, AlF ₃, GaF ₃, SnF ₂, SnF ₄, InF ₃, PbF ₂, BiF ₃Behind the coverlay Deng the 1-1000nm of fluorine compounds,, just can form Magnaglo by with the aerosolized material of piling up for peeling off of this Magnaglo.With gas flow, stackeding speed, jet velocity optimization obtain, thickness is 100 μ m～10000 μ m scope and described fluorine compounds is Nd below the 10 volume % ₂Fe ₁₄B can form coercive force from 10kOe to 35kOe and remanence is 0.6-1.2T, is thick film from 1m Ω cm to 100m Ω cm than resistance, and the Magnaglo of the powder diameter 1-500 μ m after it is pulverized also demonstrates roughly the same characteristic.If use aerosolized operation, then can form the described film that contains fluorine on the surface of shaping magnet, can peel off and high-resistance film drape forming magnet surface with being difficult to.The Magnaglo that to make through aerosolized operation is the Nd that main coating operation covers in order to described fluorine compounds ₂Fe ₁₄The B powder demonstrates high resistance under the temperature below 500 ℃, corrosion resistance is compared with the powder that does not have to apply also raising.

Claims (4)

1. rare earth element magnet, in the strong magnetic material that contains a kind of rare earth element at least, on the crystal boundary of described strong magnetic material or near the part the powder surface, form the layer that comprises at least a kind of alkali earths element or rare earth element and fluorine, between described layer and described strong magnetic material, be formed with comprise at least a kind of rare earth element, compare fluorine concentration with described layer lower and compare the higher layer of rare earth element concentration with the parent phase of strong magnetic material, or contains the oxide layer of rare earth element.

2. rare earth element magnet according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the thickness of layer that comprises at least a kind of alkali earths element or rare earth element and fluorine is than high layer thicker of the rare earth element concentration that is formed at the parent phase side.

3. rare earth element magnet according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the layer that contains fluorine is formed along crystal boundary or powder surface.

4. a rotor is characterized in that, has used the described rare earth element magnet of claim 1.

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