CN100420701C - Fluorine elastomer and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Fluorine elastomer and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN100420701C CN100420701C CNB2005101119540A CN200510111954A CN100420701C CN 100420701 C CN100420701 C CN 100420701C CN B2005101119540 A CNB2005101119540 A CN B2005101119540A CN 200510111954 A CN200510111954 A CN 200510111954A CN 100420701 C CN100420701 C CN 100420701C
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a method for preparing elastomers, which comprises the following steps: (a) vinylidene fluoride and dispersion of optional one or multiple kinds of comonomers in water are offered; the dispersion can optionally contain surface active agents; the comonomers are selected from vinylidene compounds, and the vinylidene fluoride and the vinylidene compounds can carry out radical copolymerization reaction; ethenyl is connected with at least one fluorine atom, an alkyl group containing fluorine or an alkoxyl group containing fluorine; (b) triggers are added to trigger off polyreaction, and the triggers are supplemented to keep the polyreaction; (c) the mixing comonomers are switched, the mixing comonomers are mixtures of the vinylidene fluoride and one or multiple kinds of the optional comonomers which are selected from the vinylidene compounds, and the vinylidene fluoride and the vinylidene compounds can carry out radical copolymerization reaction; ethenyl is connected with at least one fluorine atom, an alkyl group containing fluorine or an alkoxyl group containing fluorine; (d) chain transfer agents are added, and the triggers are supplemented to keep the polyreaction. The present invention also discloses a fluorine elastomer prepared by the method.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of novel fluorine elastomer and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Fluoroelastomer is a kind of synthetic rubber of excellent performance, fluoroelastomer has remarkable resistance to medium (can tolerate various fuel oils, synthetic oil, lubricating oil, chemical) and high-temperature heat-resistance through the goods that cooperate, processing, sulfuration are made, and can adopt injection, extrudes, forming method such as mold pressing is made into various rubber items such as various 0 shape circles, sealing member, barrier film, packing ring, film, valve block, flexible pipe, rubber roll.The principal item of fluoroelastomer has vinylidene, R 1216 binary copolymerization fluoroelastomer and vinylidene, tetrafluoroethylene, R 1216 terpolymer fluoroelastomer.Yet the second-order transition temperature of fluoroelastomer (the particularly lower fluoroelastomer of vinylidene content) is higher, and resistance to low temperature is relatively poor, so must reduce the second-order transition temperature of fluoroelastomer by the whole bag of tricks, improves its resistance to low temperature.
Description of the Prior Art many methods reduce the second-order transition temperature of fluoroelastomer, thereby improve its resistance to low temperature.
First method is that the multipolymer that changes fluoroelastomer is formed, by improving the second-order transition temperature that vinylidene content in the multipolymer reduces multipolymer, because vinylidene fluoride homopolymer---and the second-order transition temperature of polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) is-32 ℃.
For example, U.S. Pat 4,123,603 disclose the terpolymer fluoroelastomer of a kind of vinylidene, tetrafluoroethylene, R 1216, multipolymer consists of vinylidene and accounts for that 57～61% (weight), tetrafluoroethylene account for 10～14% (weight), R 1216 accounts for 27～31% (weight), and the average glass transition temperature of gained sample is-24.8 ℃.When the weight percent of fluoroelastomer consist of vinylidene account for 59% (weight), tetrafluoroethylene account for 12% (weight), when R 1216 accounts for 29% (weight), the mole copolymerization that obtains of converting consists of vinylidene and accounts for that 74.6% (mole), tetrafluoroethylene account for 9.7% (mole), R 1216 accounts for 15.7% (mole).
Chinese patent CN 1,054,778 disclose the terpolymer fluoroelastomer of a kind of vinylidene, tetrafluoroethylene, R 1216, multipolymer consists of vinylidene and accounts for that 60.5～64% (weight), tetrafluoroethylene account for 5～8% (weight), R 1216 accounts for 30～33% (weight), and the second-order transition temperature of gained sample is smaller or equal to-25 ℃.When the weight percent of fluoroelastomer consist of vinylidene account for 62% (weight), tetrafluoroethylene account for 6.5% (weight), when R 1216 accounts for 31.5% (weight), the mole copolymerization that obtains of converting consists of vinylidene and accounts for that 77.9% (mole), tetrafluoroethylene account for 5.2% (mole), R 1216 accounts for 16.9% (mole).
This first method reduces the second-order transition temperature of fluoroelastomer by the vinylidene molar content that improves in the fluoroelastomer, but can reduce the medium-resistance of fluoroelastomer like this.
Second method is with fluorochemical monomer and low temperature modification monomer copolymerization, carries out copolymerization to reduce the second-order transition temperature of fluoroelastomer by the fluorochemical monomer with ether-containing key.For example, Chinese patent CN 1,215,117 discloses a kind of vinylidene, fluorochemical monomer CF
2=CF (CF
2)
mOR
fThe binary copolymerization fluoroelastomer, with fluorochemical monomer CF
2=CF (CF
2)
mOR
fThereby replace the second-order transition temperature that R 1216 has reduced fluoroelastomer.
Chinese patent CN 1,665,852 discloses the terpolymer fluoroelastomer of a kind of vinylidene, tetrafluoroethylene, perfluoro methyl vinyl ether, thereby replaces the second-order transition temperature that R 1216 has reduced fluoroelastomer with perfluoro methyl vinyl ether.Yet the monomeric synthetic route of low temperature modification is all comparatively complicated, and the required cost of synthon is higher, thereby can cause the use cost of fluoroelastomer significantly to improve.
The third method is that fluoroelastomer and low temperature modification auxiliary agent are carried out blend, by the low temperature modification auxiliary agent fluoroelastomer is carried out the second-order transition temperature that plasticising reduces fluoroelastomer.For example, Chinese patent CN 1,005,916 disclose a kind of vinylidene fluoride homopolymer of bromine or iodine atom or low-molecular weight copolymer of vinylidene and tetrafluoroethylene, R 1216 or trifluorochloroethylene and preparation method thereof of containing, this multipolymer has lower second-order transition temperature, thereby can reduce second-order transition temperature and improve low-temperature performance though this multipolymer mixes the back covulcanization with fluoroelastomer, yet there is following shortcoming in this method:
A) need mixing device to mix;
B) may mix uneven phenomenon.
Therefore, still need to develop fluoroelastomer with low Tg.
The content of invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of fluoroelastomer, it has lower second-order transition temperature, thereby has improved the resistance to low temperature of fluoroelastomer, and the second-order transition temperature of fluoroelastomer each several part of the present invention is very even, need not to adopt the uniform mixing step.
Therefore, an aspect of of the present present invention provides a kind of preparation method of fluoroelastomer, and described fluoroelastomer is the mixture of fluoroelastomer I and fluoroelastomer II, and described method comprises the steps:
(a) provide vinylidene and the dispersion of one or more comonomers in water, described comonomer is selected from the vinyl compound that can carry out free radical copolymerization with vinylidene, and is connected with a fluorine atom on the vinyl at least, contains fluoroalkyl or fluoroalkoxy;
(b) add initiator with initiated polymerization, obtain fluoroelastomer I;
(c) add chain-transfer agent,, obtain the polymeric blends of fluoroelastomer II and fluoroelastomer I with polyfluorine elastomerics II.
The present invention provides a kind of preparation method of fluoroelastomer on the other hand, and described fluoroelastomer is the mixture of fluoroelastomer I and fluoroelastomer II, and described method comprises the steps:
(a) provide vinylidene and the dispersion of one or more comonomers in water, described comonomer is selected from the vinyl compound that can carry out free radical copolymerization with vinylidene, and is connected with a fluorine atom on the vinyl at least, contains fluoroalkyl or fluoroalkoxy;
(b) add initiator with initiated polymerization, obtain fluoroelastomer I;
(c) switch the copolymerization mix monomer, described copolymerization mix monomer is different from the copolymerization mix monomer that uses previously, it is the mixture of vinylidene and one or more comonomers, described comonomer is selected from the vinyl compound that can carry out free radical copolymerization with vinylidene, and is connected with a fluorine atom on the vinyl at least, contains fluoroalkyl or fluoroalkoxy;
(d) add chain-transfer agent, add initiator, obtain fluoroelastomer II to carry out polyreaction.
One side more of the present invention provides a kind of fluoroelastomer, it comprises the mixture of fluoroelastomer I and fluoroelastomer II, the unitary content of vinylidene fluoride monomers accounts for 50～82 moles of % among the fluoroelastomer I, the weight ratio of fluoroelastomer II and fluoroelastomer I is 0.01～1, and the second-order transition temperature of fluoroelastomer II is lower than the second-order transition temperature of fluoroelastomer I.
Embodiment
The invention provides a kind of preparation method of described fluoroelastomer, the inventive method at first provides vinylidene and the dispersion of one or more comonomers in water.
Be used for depending on the comonomer of vinylidene copolymerization formation vinylidene fluoride copolymers the purposes of final fluoroelastomer, this comonomer can be any comonomer that is used to make fluoroelastomer known in the art.
For example, can be selected from the vinyl compound that can carry out free radical copolymerization with the described comonomer that the vinylidene copolymerization forms vinylidene fluoride copolymers, and be connected with a fluorine atom on the vinyl at least, contain fluoroalkyl or fluoroalkoxy with vinylidene.
The fluoroalkyl that contains that is connected on the vinyl can be C
1-C
8Contain fluoroalkyl, better C
1-C
4Contain fluoroalkyl, for example methyl fluoride, difluoromethyl, perfluoro-methyl, 1-fluoro ethyl, 2-fluoro ethyl, perfluor ethyl, 1-fluoropropyl, 1,1-two fluoropropyls, 1,1,1-trifluoro propyl, perfluoro propyl.
The fluoroalkoxy that is connected on the vinyl can be C
1-C
12Fluoroalkoxy, better C
1-C
6Fluoroalkoxy, for example fluorine methoxyl group, difluoro-methoxy, perfluor methoxyl group, 1-fluorine oxyethyl group, 2-fluorine oxyethyl group, perfluor oxyethyl group, 1-fluorine propoxy-, 1,1-difluoro propoxy-, perfluor propoxy-.
In a better example of the present invention, described comonomer is the C that is connected with a fluorine atom on the vinyl at least, contains fluoroalkyl or fluoroalkoxy
2-6Alkene or C
3-10Perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether.
In a better example of the present invention, described comonomer is selected from trifluorochloroethylene (CTFE), tetrafluoroethylene (TFE), 3,3,3-trifluoro propene, R 1216 (HFP), perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether: as perfluoro methyl vinyl ether (PMVE), perfluoroethylvinyl ether (PEVE), perfluoro propyl vinyl ether (PPVE), perfluor (2,2-dimethyl-1,3-Dloxole diene) (PDD) or its two kinds or multiple mixture.
When fluoroelastomer adopts peroxide cure, need to add sulfuration point monomer and participate in copolyreaction.Those of ordinary skill in the art can easily learn the consumption that above-mentioned sulfuration point monomer is suitable after having read content disclosed by the invention.
In a better example of the present invention, described sulfuration point monomer is selected from 1-bromo-2,2-difluoroethylene, 1-iodo-2,2-difluoroethylene, trifluoro bromine ethene, trifluoro iodoethylene, 4-bromo-3,3,4,4-tetrafluoro-1-butylene, 4-iodo-3,3,4,4-tetrafluoro-1-butylene, 4-bromo-1,1,2-three fluoro-1-butylene, 4-iodo-1,1,2-three fluoro-1-butylene.
In order to improve the dispersiveness of monomer in water, also can randomly in dispersion system, add dispersion agent.The add-on of dispersion agent is without particular limitation, as long as can improve monomeric dispersiveness and can not have a negative impact to subsequently the polyreaction or the polymkeric substance of formation.
Equally, the type of dispersion agent is also without particular limitation, as long as it can improve monomeric dispersiveness and can not have a negative impact to subsequently the polyreaction or the polymkeric substance of formation.
In a better example of the present invention, described dispersion agent generally adopts fluorochemical surfactant, and its indefiniteness example has: XC
nF
2nCOOM, wherein X is fluorine atom or hydrogen atom, and n is the integer of 4-12, and M is hydrogen ion or alkalimetal ion or ammonium ion or substituted ammonium ion or polyether segment, for example C
7F
15COOK; Perhaps general formula is R
fC
6H
4SO
3The substituted benzenesulfonic acid of M, benzene sulfonate or benzene sulfonate, wherein R
fBe C
3-C
12Contain fluoroalkyl or fluoroalkoxy, M is hydrogen ion or alkalimetal ion or ammonium ion or substituted ammonium ion or polyether segment, for example C
6F
13C
6H
4SO
3K.
In a better example of the present invention, by 100 weight parts monomers raw materials, the add-on of dispersion agent is the 0.01-2 weight part.
In order to improve the stability of monomer dispersion liquid, also can randomly in dispersion liquid, add stablizer.In a better example of the present invention, use the stablizer of fluorochemical polyether as dispersion liquid.The add-on of stablizer is without particular limitation, as long as can stable dispersions and subsequently the polyreaction and the fluoroelastomer of generation had no adverse effects.Those of ordinary skill in the art can easily determine the add-on of suitable stablizer in conjunction with its expertise after having read content disclosed by the invention.
The method that is used to form vinylidene and the dispersion of one or more comonomers in water can be this area method commonly used.For example, this method can comprise vinylidene, comonomer and optional dispersion agent, stablizer are added in the entry with order arbitrarily, stir subsequently.
Can comprise nucleator in the dispersion, the fluoroelastomer I that obtains as polymerization in advance or the seed emulsion of fluoroelastomer I and fluoroelastomer II mixture.
In dispersion of the present invention, the composition of comonomer should make that the unitary content of vinylidene fluoride monomers accounts for 50～82 moles of % among the final fluoroelastomer I, better accounts for 55-79 mole %.
In reaction system, add initiator subsequently with initiated polymerization.Described initiator can disposablely add, and also can add, to keep polyreaction by the mode of adding initiator in batches;
The initiator that is applicable to the inventive method is without particular limitation, and it can be this area polymerization starter commonly used.Described initiator is generally water-soluble peroxide, and its example comprises: persulphate, as ammonium persulphate, Sodium Persulfate, Potassium Persulphate; Oxidation-reduction trigger system, wherein oxygenant can be a persulphate, as ammonium persulphate, Sodium Persulfate, Potassium Persulphate; Water-soluble organo-peroxide is as hydrogen peroxide, tertbutyl peroxide, isopropyl benzene hydroperoxide, p-Methylisopropylbenzene hydrogen peroxide, tertiary butyl isopropyl benzene hydroperoxide; Reductive agent can be hydrosulphite, thiosulphate, formaldehyde sulfoxylate salt, ferrous salt etc.
By 100 weight part copolymerization mix monomers, the add-on that is used for the initiator of polyfluorine elastomerics I can be the 0.005-1 weight part.
After the polymerization of finishing fluoroelastomer I, composition and content and the top described identical vinylidene and the mixture of comonomer be can in reaction system, add, the vinylidene different and the mixture of comonomer formed with top described identical its content but perhaps add.For example, as long as the unitary content of vinylidene fluoride monomers is 50-95 mole % among the fluoroelastomer II that the amount of vinylidene is guaranteed to form subsequently in the mixture of adding.Add chain-transfer agent simultaneously.
When fluoroelastomer adopts peroxide cure, need to add sulfuration point monomer and participate in copolyreaction.Those of ordinary skill in the art can easily learn the consumption that above-mentioned sulfuration point monomer is suitable after having read content disclosed by the invention.
In a better example of the present invention, described sulfuration point monomer is selected from 1-bromo-2,2-difluoroethylene, 1-iodo-2,2-difluoroethylene, trifluoro bromine ethene, trifluoro iodoethylene, 4-bromo-3,3,4,4-tetrafluoro-1-butylene, 4-iodo-3,3,4,4-tetrafluoro-1-butylene, 4-bromo-1,1,2-three fluoro-1-butylene, 4-iodo-1,1,2-three fluoro-1-butylene.
The chain-transfer agent that is applicable to the inventive method can be any compound that can continue the vinylidene copolymerization, and its illustrative example comprises: alcohols, as methyl alcohol, Virahol; Ethers is as dme, diethyl ether, di ether, methyl tertiary butyl ether; Ketone is as acetone, methylethylketone; The ester class is as methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, diethyl malonate, methylcarbonate, diethyl carbonate; Halogen alkane, as trichloromethane, tetracol phenixin, Trichloromonofluoromethane, Refrigerant 12, monochlorodifluoromethane, 1-one chlorine one fluoro-2-chlorodifluoroethane, monobromethane, methyl iodide, methylene bromide, methylene iodide, 1,2-two bromo-2,2-C2H4F2 C2H4F2,1,2-two iodo-2,2-C2H4F2 C2H4F2,1,2-dibromotetrafluoroethane, 1,2-diiodo-Tetrafluoroethane, 1,4-dibromo Octafluorobutane, 1,4-diiodo-Octafluorobutane; Aliphatics alkane is as methylcyclopentane, methylcyclohexane etc.; Bromide, iodide are as lithiumbromide, Sodium Bromide, Potassium Bromide, lithium iodide, sodium iodide, potassiumiodide.
By 100 weight part copolymerization mix monomers, the add-on of chain-transfer agent can be the 0.1-20 weight part.
After adding copolymerized monomer mixture and chain-transfer agent, can add initiator as required once more.The initiator that has the initiator that add this moment and the first time fluoroelastomer I use can be identical or different.
Described initiator is generally water-soluble peroxide, and its example comprises: persulphate, as ammonium persulphate, Sodium Persulfate, Potassium Persulphate; Oxidation-reduction trigger system, wherein oxygenant can be a persulphate, as ammonium persulphate, Sodium Persulfate, Potassium Persulphate; Water-soluble organo-peroxide is as hydrogen peroxide, tertbutyl peroxide, isopropyl benzene hydroperoxide, p-Methylisopropylbenzene hydrogen peroxide, tertiary butyl isopropyl benzene hydroperoxide; Reductive agent can be hydrosulphite, thiosulphate, formaldehyde sulfoxylate salt, ferrous salt etc.
By 100 weight part copolymerization mix monomers, after adding copolymerized monomer mixture and chain-transfer agent, the add-on of described initiator can be the 0.01-5 weight part.
The present invention uses chain-transfer agent and randomly changes the percentage composition of each component in the copolymerized monomer mixture in reaction process, thereby original position forms the mixture that has high-molecular weight fluoroelastomer I and have low-molecular-weight slightly fluoroelastomer II in same reactor.Because being original position, mixture forms, and mixture single particle particle diameter is less than 500 nanometers, therefore they can mix very evenly, thereby in the macroscopical second-order transition temperature that reduces final fluoroelastomer, omitted two kinds of fluoroelastomer blended steps, eliminate potential and mixed uneven defective, reduced manufacturing cost simultaneously.The fluoroelastomer that also can have low Tg with two kinds of different monomer mixture preparations of forming.
Therefore, the invention provides a kind of preparation method of fluoroelastomer, described fluoroelastomer is the mixture of fluoroelastomer I and fluoroelastomer II, and described method comprises the steps:
(a) provide vinylidene and the dispersion of one or more comonomers in water, described comonomer is selected from the vinyl compound that can carry out free radical copolymerization with vinylidene, and is connected with a fluorine atom on the vinyl at least, contains fluoroalkyl or fluoroalkoxy;
(b) add initiator with initiated polymerization, obtain fluoroelastomer I;
(c) switch the copolymerization mix monomer, described copolymerization mix monomer is different from the copolymerization mix monomer that uses previously, it is the mixture of vinylidene and one or more comonomers, described comonomer is selected from the vinyl compound that can carry out free radical copolymerization with vinylidene, and is connected with a fluorine atom on the vinyl at least, contains fluoroalkyl or fluoroalkoxy;
(d) add chain-transfer agent, add initiator, obtain fluoroelastomer II to carry out polyreaction.
In the method for the invention, be used for the copolymerization mix monomer of step (c) adding and the copolymerization mix monomer of step (a) adding and have nothing in common with each other.Equally, the comonomer that uses depends on the purposes of final fluoroelastomer, its optional mixture from vinylidene and one or more comonomers, described comonomer is selected from the vinyl compound that can carry out free radical copolymerization with vinylidene, and is connected with a fluorine atom on the vinyl at least, contains fluoroalkyl or fluoroalkoxy.
The fluoroalkyl that contains that is connected on the vinyl can be C
1-C
8Contain fluoroalkyl, better C
1-C
4Contain fluoroalkyl, for example methyl fluoride, difluoromethyl, perfluoro-methyl, 1-fluoro ethyl, 2-fluoro ethyl, perfluor ethyl, 1-fluoropropyl, 1,1-two fluoropropyls, 1,1,1-trifluoro propyl, perfluoro propyl.
The fluoroalkoxy that is connected on the vinyl can be C
1-C
12Fluoroalkoxy, better C
1-C
6Fluoroalkoxy, for example fluorine methoxyl group, difluoro-methoxy, perfluor methoxyl group, 1-fluorine oxyethyl group, 2-fluorine oxyethyl group, perfluor oxyethyl group, 1-fluorine propoxy-, 1,1-difluoro propoxy-, perfluor propoxy-.
In a better example of the present invention, described comonomer is the C that is connected with fluorine atom, perfluoroalkyl or a fluoroalkoxy on the vinyl at least
2-C
6Alkene or C
3-C
10Alkyl vinyl ether.
In a better example of the present invention, described comonomer is selected from trifluorochloroethylene (CTFE), tetrafluoroethylene (TFE), 3,3,3-trifluoro propene, R 1216 (HFP), perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether: as perfluoro methyl vinyl ether (PMVE), perfluoroethylvinyl ether (PEVE), perfluoro propyl vinyl ether (PPVE), perfluor (2,2-dimethyl-1,3-Dloxole diene) (PDD) or its two kinds or multiple mixture.
When fluoroelastomer adopts peroxide cure, need to add sulfuration point monomer and participate in copolyreaction.
In a better example of the present invention, described sulfuration point monomer is selected from 1-bromo-2,2-difluoroethylene, 1-iodo-2,2-difluoroethylene, trifluoro bromine ethene, trifluoro iodoethylene, 4-bromo-3,3,4,4-tetrafluoro-1-butylene, 4-iodo-3,3,4,4-tetrafluoro-1-butylene, 4-bromo-1,1,2-three fluoro-1-butylene, 4-iodo-1,1,2-three fluoro-1-butylene.
The chain-transfer agent that is applicable to the method for the invention can be any compound that can continue the vinylidene copolymerization, and its illustrative example comprises: alcohols, as methyl alcohol, Virahol; Ethers is as dme, diethyl ether, di ether, methyl tertiary butyl ether; Ketone is as acetone, methylethylketone; The ester class is as methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, diethyl malonate, methylcarbonate, diethyl carbonate; Halogen alkane, as trichloromethane, tetracol phenixin, Trichloromonofluoromethane, Refrigerant 12, monochlorodifluoromethane, 1-one chlorine one fluoro-2-chlorodifluoroethane, monobromethane, methyl iodide, methylene bromide, methylene iodide, 1,2-two bromo-2,2-C2H4F2 C2H4F2,1,2-two iodo-2,2-C2H4F2 C2H4F2,1,2-dibromotetrafluoroethane, 1,2-diiodo-Tetrafluoroethane, 1,4-dibromo Octafluorobutane, 1,4-diiodo-Octafluorobutane; Aliphatics alkane is as methylcyclopentane, methylcyclohexane etc.; Bromide, iodide are as lithiumbromide, Sodium Bromide, Potassium Bromide, lithium iodide, sodium iodide, potassiumiodide.
By 100 weight part copolymerization mix monomers, the add-on that is used for step (d) chain-transfer agent can be the 0.1-20 weight part.
In the present invention, the initiator of the initiator of step (d) adding and step (b) adding can be identical or different.
Described initiator is generally water-soluble peroxide, and its example comprises: persulphate, as ammonium persulphate, Sodium Persulfate, Potassium Persulphate; Oxidation-reduction trigger system, wherein oxygenant can be a persulphate, as ammonium persulphate, Sodium Persulfate, Potassium Persulphate; Water-soluble organo-peroxide is as hydrogen peroxide, tertbutyl peroxide, isopropyl benzene hydroperoxide, p-Methylisopropylbenzene hydrogen peroxide, tertiary butyl isopropyl benzene hydroperoxide; Reductive agent can be hydrosulphite, thiosulphate, formaldehyde sulfoxylate salt, ferrous salt etc.
By 100 weight part copolymerization mix monomers, the add-on that is used for step (d) initiator can be the 0.01-5 weight part.
The method that is used to switch the copolymerization mix monomer is without particular limitation, and it can be the monomer mixture switching method of this area routine.For example, in an example of the present invention, after fluoroelastomer I polymerization is finished, emptying residual monomers mixture, adding is used to form the monomer mixture of fluoroelastomer II, thereby finishes the switching of copolymerization mix monomer.
Can comprise nucleator in the dispersion, the fluoroelastomer I that obtains as polymerization in advance or the seed emulsion of fluoroelastomer I and fluoroelastomer II mixture.
The polymerization temperature that is applicable to the above-mentioned two kinds of methods of the present invention is without particular limitation, and in a better example of the present invention, described polymerization temperature is 50-130 ℃, is preferably 70-110 ℃.
In two kinds of methods of the present invention, the polymerization temperature that is used for polyfluorine elastomerics I can be identical or different with the polymerization temperature that is used for polyfluorine elastomerics II.
The polymerization pressure of two kinds of methods of the present invention is without particular limitation, and in a better example of the present invention, described polymerization pressure is 1.0-7.0MPa, is preferably 1.0-6.0MPa.
In the present invention, be used to form the polymerization pressure of fluoroelastomer I and be used to form the polymerization pressure of fluoroelastomer II can be identical or different.
Be applicable to that polymerization process of the present invention is without particular limitation.In a better example of the present invention, described polymerization process is selected from letex polymerization or suspension polymerization etc.
Another aspect of the present invention provides a kind of fluoroelastomer, it comprise fluoroelastomer I and the mixture of fluoroelastomer II, the unitary content of vinylidene fluoride monomers accounts for 50～82 moles of % among the fluoroelastomer I, the weight ratio of fluoroelastomer II and fluoroelastomer I is 0.01～1, and the second-order transition temperature of fluoroelastomer II is lower than the second-order transition temperature of fluoroelastomer I.
The present invention is used in the method that the copolyreaction later stage adds a large amount of chain-transfer agents and randomly switch the copolymerization mix monomer and obtains the second-order transition temperature low temperature modification auxiliary agent-fluoroelastomer II lower than fluoroelastomer I, just make both in reactor, form the fluoroelastomer mixture that has than low Tg by one step process, thereby improved the resistance to low temperature of fluoroelastomer.Because both are blended under emulsion state, the particle diameter of emulsion particle is less than 500 nanometers, so can realize fluoroelastomer and the uniform mixing of low temperature modification auxiliary agent under macrostate.
Further specify the present invention below by embodiment.
Embodiment
In the present invention, the weight ratio of fluoroelastomer II and fluoroelastomer I obtains with following formula:
The weight ratio of fluoroelastomer II and fluoroelastomer I=(emulsion solid content-fluoroelastomer I emulsion solid content when polymerization finishes)/fluoroelastomer I emulsion solid content
Measure the fluoroelastomer emulsion particle diameter with laser light scattering method, to characterize macroscopical mixing uniformity of fluoroelastomer I and II.
Use F
19NMR measures the copolymerization of fluoroelastomer and forms, and solvent is a deuterated acetone.
Press the second-order transition temperature of ASTM D3418 standard test fluoroelastomer.Temperature rise rate is 10 ℃/minute.
Press the temperature limit of brittleness of GB 1682 standard test fluoroelastomer vulcanized rubbers.
Press the strength property of ASTM D412 standard test fluoroelastomer vulcanized rubber.
Embodiment 1
In 25 liters of vertical response stills, add 17500 gram deionized waters, 5.5 gram ammonium perfluorocaprylate and homology mixtures thereof.The closed reaction still vacuumizes and uses nitrogen replacement, and oxygen level is smaller or equal to 10ppm in reactor.Begin then to stir with the speed of 300rpm, the reactor internal temperature is risen to 85 ℃, replenish first kind of copolymerization mix monomer absolute pressure to the reactor and reach 3.0MPa, described first kind of copolymerization mix monomer mole proportioning is that vinylidene accounts for 44%, tetrafluoroethylene accounts for 14%, R 1216 accounts for 42%.Add 2.9 gram Sodium Persulfates, the beginning polyreaction.Make by adding the copolymerization mix monomer that absolute pressure maintains 3.0MPa in the reactor, the described copolymerization mix monomer mole proportioning of adding is that vinylidene accounts for 69%, tetrafluoroethylene accounts for 16%, R 1216 accounts for 15%.When emulsion solid content reaches 20% in the reactor, emit first kind of copolymerization mix monomer in the reactor, replenish second kind of copolymerization mix monomer absolute pressure to the reactor and reach 3.0MPa, described second kind of copolymerization mix monomer mole proportioning is that vinylidene accounts for 48%, tetrafluoroethylene accounts for 9%, R 1216 accounts for 43%.Add 33.5 gram ethyl acetate, 3.1 gram Sodium Persulfates successively, continue polyreaction.Make by adding the copolymerization mix monomer that absolute pressure maintains 3.0MPa in the reactor, the described copolymerization mix monomer mole proportioning of adding is that vinylidene accounts for 78%, R 1216 accounts for 22%.When emulsion solid content reaches 25% in the reactor, finish polyreaction.
Measure the mole of fluoroelastomer with aforesaid method and form, the copolymerization mole of fluoroelastomer I consists of that vinylidene accounts for 69% as a result, tetrafluoroethylene accounts for 16%, R 1216 accounts for 15%.The weight ratio of fluoroelastomer II and fluoroelastomer I is 0.25.Obtain the fluoroelastomer vulcanized rubber by the sulfuration of the prescription shown in the table 1, measure the performance of the fluoroelastomer that obtains, the results are shown in table 2.
Embodiment 2
In 25 liters of vertical response stills, add 17500 gram deionized waters, 5.5 gram ammonium perfluorocaprylate and homology mixtures thereof.The closed reaction still vacuumizes and uses nitrogen replacement, and oxygen level is smaller or equal to 10ppm in reactor.Begin then to stir with the speed of 300rpm, the reactor internal temperature is risen to 88 ℃, replenish first kind of copolymerization mix monomer absolute pressure to the reactor and reach 3.2MPa, described first kind of copolymerization mix monomer mole proportioning is that vinylidene accounts for 55%, R 1216 accounts for 45%.Add 2.9 gram Sodium Persulfates, the beginning polyreaction.Make by adding the copolymerization mix monomer that absolute pressure maintains 3.2MPa in the reactor, the described copolymerization mix monomer mole proportioning of adding is that vinylidene accounts for 78%, R 1216 accounts for 22%.When emulsion solid content reaches 20% in the reactor, add 38.1 gram ethyl acetate, 3.1 gram Sodium Persulfates successively, continue polyreaction.Make by adding the copolymerization mix monomer that absolute pressure maintains 3.0MPa in the reactor, the described copolymerization mix monomer mole proportioning of adding is that vinylidene accounts for 78%, R 1216 accounts for 22%.When emulsion solid content reaches 25% in the reactor, finish polyreaction.
Measure the mole of fluoroelastomer with aforesaid method and form, the copolymerization mole of fluoroelastomer I consists of that vinylidene accounts for 78%, R 1216 accounts for 22% as a result.The weight ratio of fluoroelastomer II and fluoroelastomer I is 0.50.
Obtain the fluoroelastomer vulcanized rubber by the sulfuration of the prescription shown in the table 1, measure the performance of the fluoroelastomer that obtains, the results are shown in table 2.
Embodiment 3
In 25 liters of vertical response stills, add 17500 gram deionized waters, 5.5 gram ammonium perfluorocaprylate and homology mixtures thereof.The closed reaction still vacuumizes and uses nitrogen replacement, and oxygen level is smaller or equal to 10ppm in reactor.Begin then to stir with the speed of 300rpm, the reactor internal temperature is risen to 85 ℃, replenish first kind of copolymerization mix monomer absolute pressure to the reactor and reach 3.0MPa, described first kind of copolymerization mix monomer mole proportioning is vinylidene 41%, tetrafluoroethylene 15%, R 1216 44%.Add 2.9 gram Sodium Persulfates, the beginning polyreaction.Make by adding the copolymerization mix monomer that absolute pressure maintains 3.0MPa in the reactor, the described copolymerization mix monomer mole proportioning of adding is vinylidene 67%, tetrafluoroethylene 17%, R 1216 16%.When emulsion solid content reaches 20% in the reactor, add 30.7 gram ethyl acetate, 3.1 gram Sodium Persulfates successively, continue polyreaction.Make by adding the copolymerization mix monomer that absolute pressure maintains 3.0MPa in the reactor, the described copolymerization mix monomer mole proportioning of adding is that vinylidene accounts for 78%, tetrafluoroethylene 5%, R 1216 17%.When emulsion solid content reaches 25% in the reactor, finish polyreaction.
Measure the mole of fluoroelastomer with aforesaid method and form, the copolymerization mole of fluoroelastomer I consists of vinylidene 67%, tetrafluoroethylene 17%, R 1216 16% as a result.The weight ratio of fluoroelastomer II and fluoroelastomer I is 0.12.
Obtain the fluoroelastomer vulcanized rubber by the sulfuration of the prescription shown in the table 1, measure the performance of the fluoroelastomer that obtains, the results are shown in table 2.
Embodiment 4
In 25 liters of vertical response stills, add 17500 gram deionized waters, 5.5 gram ammonium perfluorocaprylate and homology mixtures thereof.The closed reaction still vacuumizes and uses nitrogen replacement, and oxygen level is smaller or equal to 10ppm in reactor.Begin then to stir with the speed of 300rpm, the reactor internal temperature is risen to 80 ℃, replenish first kind of copolymerization mix monomer absolute pressure to the reactor and reach 3.0MPa, described first kind of copolymerization mix monomer mole proportioning is that vinylidene accounts for 44%, tetrafluoroethylene accounts for 13%, R 1216 accounts for 42%, 4-iodo-3,3,4,4-tetrafluoro-1-butylene accounts for 1%.Add 2.9 gram Sodium Persulfates, the beginning polyreaction.Make by adding the copolymerization mix monomer that absolute pressure maintains 3.0MPa in the reactor, the described copolymerization mix monomer mole proportioning of adding is that vinylidene accounts for 69%, tetrafluoroethylene accounts for 15%, R 1216 accounts for 15%, 4-iodo-3,3,4,4-tetrafluoro-1-butylene accounts for 1%.When emulsion solid content reaches 12.5% in the reactor, emit first kind of copolymerization mix monomer in the reactor, replenish second kind of copolymerization mix monomer absolute pressure to the reactor and reach 3.0MPa, described second kind of copolymerization mix monomer mole proportioning is that vinylidene accounts for 53%, tetrafluoroethylene accounts for 15%, perfluoro methyl vinyl ether accounts for 31%, 4-iodo-3,3,4,4-tetrafluoro-1-butylene accounts for 1%.Add 131.7 grams 1 successively, 2-diiodo-Tetrafluoroethane, 3.1 gram Sodium Persulfates continue polyreaction.Make by adding the copolymerization mix monomer that absolute pressure maintains 3.0MPa in the reactor, the described copolymerization mix monomer mole proportioning of adding be vinylidene account for 50%,, tetrafluoroethylene accounts for 33%, perfluoro methyl vinyl ether accounts for 16%, 4-iodo-3,3,4,4-tetrafluoro-1-butylene accounts for 1%.When emulsion solid content reaches 25% in the reactor, finish polyreaction.
Measure the mole of fluoroelastomer with aforesaid method and form, the copolymerization mole of fluoroelastomer I consists of that vinylidene accounts for 69% as a result, tetrafluoroethylene accounts for 15%, R 1216 accounts for 15%, 4-iodo-3,3,4, and 4-tetrafluoro-1-butylene accounts for 1%.The weight ratio of fluoroelastomer II and fluoroelastomer I is 1.
Obtain the fluoroelastomer vulcanized rubber by the sulfuration of the prescription shown in the table 1, measure the performance of the fluoroelastomer that obtains, the results are shown in table 2.
Embodiment 5
In 25 liters of vertical response stills, add 17500 gram deionized waters, 5.5 gram ammonium perfluorocaprylate and homology mixtures thereof.The closed reaction still vacuumizes and uses nitrogen replacement, and oxygen level is smaller or equal to 10ppm in reactor.Begin then to stir with the speed of 300rpm, the reactor internal temperature is risen to 80 ℃, replenish first kind of copolymerization mix monomer absolute pressure to the reactor and reach 3.0MPa, described first kind of copolymerization mix monomer mole proportioning is that vinylidene accounts for 44%, tetrafluoroethylene accounts for 13%, R 1216 accounts for 42%, 4-iodo-3,3,4,4-tetrafluoro-1-butylene accounts for 1%.Add 2.9 gram Sodium Persulfates, the beginning polyreaction.Make by adding the copolymerization mix monomer that absolute pressure maintains 3.0MPa in the reactor, the described copolymerization mix monomer mole proportioning of adding is that vinylidene accounts for 69%, tetrafluoroethylene accounts for 15%, R 1216 accounts for 15%, 4-iodo-3,3,4,4-tetrafluoro-1-butylene accounts for 1%.When emulsion solid content reaches 24.5% in the reactor, emit first kind of copolymerization mix monomer in the reactor, replenish second kind of copolymerization mix monomer absolute pressure to the reactor and reach 3.0MPa, described second kind of copolymerization mix monomer mole proportioning is that vinylidene accounts for 53%, tetrafluoroethylene accounts for 15%, perfluoro methyl vinyl ether accounts for 31%, 4-iodo-3,3,4,4-tetrafluoro-1-butylene accounts for 1%.Add 658.5 grams 1 successively, 2-diiodo-Tetrafluoroethane, 15.5 gram Sodium Persulfates continue polyreaction.Make by adding the copolymerization mix monomer that absolute pressure maintains 3.0MPa in the reactor, the described copolymerization mix monomer mole proportioning of adding be vinylidene account for 50%,, tetrafluoroethylene accounts for 33%, perfluoro methyl vinyl ether accounts for 16%, 4-iodo-3,3,4,4-tetrafluoro-1-butylene accounts for 1%.When emulsion solid content reaches 25% in the reactor, finish polyreaction.
Measure the mole of fluoroelastomer with aforesaid method and form, the copolymerization mole of fluoroelastomer I consists of that vinylidene accounts for 69% as a result, tetrafluoroethylene accounts for 15%, R 1216 accounts for 15%, 4-iodo-3,3,4, and 4-tetrafluoro-1-butylene accounts for 1%.The weight ratio of fluoroelastomer II and fluoroelastomer I is 0.02.
Obtain the fluoroelastomer vulcanized rubber by the sulfuration of the prescription shown in the table 1, measure the performance of the fluoroelastomer that obtains, the results are shown in table 2.
Comparative example 1
In 25 liters of vertical response stills, add 17500 gram deionized waters, 5.5 gram ammonium perfluorocaprylate and homology mixtures thereof.The closed reaction still vacuumizes and uses nitrogen replacement, and oxygen level is smaller or equal to 10ppm in reactor.Begin then to stir with the speed of 300rpm, the reactor internal temperature is risen to 85 ℃, replenish copolymerization mix monomer absolute pressure to the reactor and reach 3.0MPa, copolymerization mix monomer mole proportioning is vinylidene 41%, tetrafluoroethylene 15%, R 1216 44%.Add 6.7 gram Sodium Persulfates, the beginning polyreaction.Make by adding the copolymerization mix monomer that absolute pressure maintains 3.0MPa in the reactor, copolymerization mix monomer mole proportioning is vinylidene 67%, tetrafluoroethylene 17%, R 1216 16%.When emulsion solid content reaches 25% in the reactor, finish polyreaction.The copolymerization mole of gained fluoroelastomer consists of vinylidene 67%, tetrafluoroethylene 17%, R 1216 16%.
Obtain the fluoroelastomer vulcanized rubber by the sulfuration of the prescription shown in the table 1, measure the performance of the fluoroelastomer that obtains, the results are shown in table 2.
Comparative example 2
In 25 liters of vertical response stills, add 17500 gram deionized waters, 5.5 gram ammonium perfluorocaprylate and homology mixtures thereof.The closed reaction still vacuumizes and uses nitrogen replacement, and oxygen level is smaller or equal to 10ppm in reactor.Begin then to stir with the speed of 300rpm, the reactor internal temperature is risen to 85 ℃, replenish first kind of copolymerization mix monomer absolute pressure to the reactor and reach 3.0MPa, described first kind of copolymerization mix monomer mole proportioning is that vinylidene accounts for 44%, tetrafluoroethylene accounts for 14%, R 1216 accounts for 42%.Add 2.9 gram Sodium Persulfates, the beginning polyreaction.Make by adding the copolymerization mix monomer that absolute pressure maintains 3.0MPa in the reactor, the described copolymerization mix monomer mole proportioning of adding is that vinylidene accounts for 69%, tetrafluoroethylene accounts for 16%, R 1216 accounts for 15%.When emulsion solid content reaches 20% in the reactor, emit first kind of copolymerization mix monomer in the reactor, replenish second kind of copolymerization mix monomer absolute pressure to the reactor and reach 3.0MPa, described second kind of copolymerization mix monomer mole proportioning is that vinylidene accounts for 48%, tetrafluoroethylene accounts for 9%, R 1216 accounts for 43%.Add 1500 gram ethyl acetate, 150 gram Sodium Persulfates successively, continue polyreaction.Make by adding the copolymerization mix monomer that absolute pressure maintains 3.0MPa in the reactor, the described copolymerization mix monomer mole proportioning of adding is that vinylidene accounts for 78%, R 1216 accounts for 22%.When emulsion solid content reaches 25% in the reactor, finish polyreaction.
Measure the mole of fluoroelastomer with aforesaid method and form, the copolymerization mole of fluoroelastomer I consists of that vinylidene accounts for 69% as a result, tetrafluoroethylene accounts for 16%, R 1216 accounts for 15%.The weight ratio of fluoroelastomer II and fluoroelastomer I is 0.25.
This fluoroelastomer can not vulcanize, and the results are shown in table 2.
Table 1
| Prescription, weight part | Embodiment 1 | Embodiment 2 | Embodiment 3 | Embodiment 4 | Embodiment 5 | Comparative example 1 | Comparative example 2 |
| Fluoroelastomer | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| MT carbon black (N990) | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 |
| MgO | 3 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3 |
| ZnO | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 |
| Ca(OH) 2 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 6 |
| Bisphenol AF | 2 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| BPP | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 | 0.5 | 0.5 |
| Two 2,5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 |
| TAIC | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 |
BPP: Bian base triphenyl phosphonium chloride
Two 2,5:2,5-dimethyl-2,5-exane-tert-butyl peroxide
TAIC: triallyl isocyanurate
Table 2
Claims (28)
1. the preparation method of a fluoroelastomer, described fluoroelastomer is the mixture of fluoroelastomer I and fluoroelastomer II, and the second-order transition temperature of described fluoroelastomer II is lower than the second-order transition temperature of described fluoroelastomer I, and described method comprises the steps:
(a) provide vinylidene and the dispersion of one or more comonomers in water, described comonomer is selected from the vinyl compound that can carry out free radical copolymerization with vinylidene, and is connected with a fluorine atom on the vinyl at least, contains fluoroalkyl or fluoroalkoxy;
(b) add initiator with initiated polymerization, form fluoroelastomer I, the unitary content of vinylidene fluoride monomers accounts for 50-82 mole % among the described fluoroelastomer I;
(c) switch the copolymerization mix monomer, described copolymerization mix monomer is the mixture of vinylidene and one or more comonomers, described comonomer is different with the comonomer that step (a) is used, be selected from the vinyl compound that can carry out free radical copolymerization, and be connected with a fluorine atom on the vinyl at least, contain fluoroalkyl or fluoroalkoxy with vinylidene;
(d) add chain-transfer agent, add initiator to keep polyreaction, form fluoroelastomer II, the weight ratio of described fluoroelastomer II and fluoroelastomer I is 0.01-1.
2. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that described dispersion contains dispersion agent, and by 100 weight parts monomers raw materials, the add-on of dispersion agent is the 0.01-2 weight part, and described dispersion agent has general formula X C
nF
2nCOOM or R
fC
6H
4SO
3M, wherein X is fluorine atom or hydrogen atom, and n is the integer of 4-12, and M is hydrogen ion or alkalimetal ion or ammonium ion or substituted ammonium ion or polyether segment, R
fBe C
3-C
12Contain fluoroalkyl or fluoroalkoxy.
3. method as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that comprising in the dispersion nucleator, and described nucleator is selected from the fluoroelastomer I that polymerization in advance obtains or the seed emulsion of fluoroelastomer I and fluoroelastomer II mixture.
4. method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that by 100 weight part copolymerization mix monomers, total consumption of the initiator of described step (b) and step (d) is the 0.01-6 weight part, and described initiator is selected from persulphate, oxidation-reduction trigger system.
5. method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that by 100 weight part copolymerization mix monomers, the consumption of described chain-transfer agent is the 0.1-20 weight part, and described chain-transfer agent is selected from alcohols, ethers, ketone, ester class, Halogen alkane, aliphatics alkane, bromide or iodide.
6. method as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that described persulphate is selected from ammonium persulphate, Sodium Persulfate or Potassium Persulphate; Described oxygenant is selected from ammonium persulphate, Sodium Persulfate, Potassium Persulphate, hydrogen peroxide, tertbutyl peroxide, isopropyl benzene hydroperoxide, p-Methylisopropylbenzene hydrogen peroxide or tertiary butyl isopropyl benzene hydroperoxide; Described reductive agent is selected from hydrosulphite, thiosulphate, formaldehyde sulfoxylate salt or ferrous salt.
7. method as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that described alcohols is selected from methyl alcohol or Virahol; Described ethers is selected from dme, diethyl ether, di ether or methyl tertiary butyl ether; Described ketone is selected from acetone or methylethylketone; Described ester class is selected from methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, diethyl malonate, methylcarbonate or diethyl carbonate; Described Halogen alkane is selected from trichloromethane, tetracol phenixin, Trichloromonofluoromethane, Refrigerant 12, monochlorodifluoromethane, 1-one chlorine one fluoro-2-chlorodifluoroethane, monobromethane, methyl iodide, methylene bromide, methylene iodide, 1,2-two bromo-2,2-C2H4F2 C2H4F2,1,2-two iodo-2,2-C2H4F2 C2H4F2,1,2-dibromotetrafluoroethane, 1,2-diiodo-Tetrafluoroethane, 1,4-dibromo Octafluorobutane or 1,4-diiodo-Octafluorobutane; Described aliphatics alkane is selected from methylcyclopentane or methylcyclohexane; Described bromide or iodide are selected from lithiumbromide, Sodium Bromide, Potassium Bromide, lithium iodide, sodium iodide or potassiumiodide.
8. method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, the temperature that it is characterized in that polyreaction is 50-130 ℃, the pressure of polyreaction is 1.0-7.0MPa.
9. method as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that described comonomer is selected from trifluorochloroethylene, tetrafluoroethylene, 3,3 separately, 3-trifluoro propene, R 1216, perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether or its two kinds or multiple mixture.
10. method as claimed in claim 9 is characterized in that described perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether is selected from perfluoro methyl vinyl ether, perfluoroethylvinyl ether, perfluoro propyl vinyl ether and perfluor (2,2-dimethyl-1,3-Dloxole diene).
11. method as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that described fluoroelastomer I adopts peroxide cure, also comprises sulfuration point monomer in the monomer mixture that step a) is used.
12. method as claimed in claim 11 is characterized in that described sulfuration point monomer is selected from 1-bromo-2,2-difluoroethylene, 1-iodo-2,2-difluoroethylene, trifluoro bromine ethene, trifluoro iodoethylene, 4-bromo-3,3,4,4-tetrafluoro-1-butylene, 4-iodo-3,3,4,4-tetrafluoro-1-butylene, 4-bromo-1,1,2-three fluoro-1-butylene, 4-iodo-1,1,2-three fluoro-1-butylene.
13. method as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that described fluoroelastomer II adopts peroxide cure, also comprises sulfuration point monomer in the monomer mixture that step c) is used.
14. method as claimed in claim 13 is characterized in that described sulfuration point monomer is selected from 1-bromo-2,2-difluoroethylene, 1-iodo-2,2-difluoroethylene, trifluoro bromine ethene, trifluoro iodoethylene, 4-bromo-3,3,4,4-tetrafluoro-1-butylene, 4-iodo-3,3,4,4-tetrafluoro-1-butylene, 4-bromo-1,1,2-three fluoro-1-butylene, 4-iodo-1,1,2-three fluoro-1-butylene.
15. the preparation method of a fluoroelastomer, described fluoroelastomer is the mixture of fluoroelastomer I and fluoroelastomer II, and the second-order transition temperature of described fluoroelastomer II is lower than the second-order transition temperature of described fluoroelastomer I, and described method comprises the steps:
(a) provide vinylidene and the dispersion of one or more comonomers in water, described comonomer is selected from the vinyl compound that can carry out free radical copolymerization with vinylidene, and is connected with a fluorine atom on the vinyl at least, contains fluoroalkyl or fluoroalkoxy;
(b) add initiator with initiated polymerization, form fluoroelastomer I, the unitary content of vinylidene fluoride monomers accounts for 50-82 mole % among the described fluoroelastomer I;
(c) add chain-transfer agent, form fluoroelastomer II, the weight ratio of described fluoroelastomer II and fluoroelastomer I is 0.01-1.
16. method as claimed in claim 15 is characterized in that described dispersion contains dispersion agent, by 100 weight parts monomers raw materials, the add-on of dispersion agent is the 0.01-2 weight part, and described dispersion agent has general formula X C
nF
2nCOOM or R
fC
6H
4SO
3M, wherein X is fluorine atom or hydrogen atom, and n is the integer of 4-12, and M is hydrogen ion or alkalimetal ion or ammonium ion or substituted ammonium ion or polyether segment, R
fBe C
3-C
12Contain fluoroalkyl or fluoroalkoxy.
17. method as claimed in claim 16 is characterized in that comprising in the dispersion nucleator, described nucleator is selected from the fluoroelastomer I that polymerization in advance obtains or the seed emulsion of fluoroelastomer I and fluoroelastomer II mixture.
18., it is characterized in that in step (c), further adding initiator to keep polyreaction as claim 15 or 16 described methods.
19. method as claimed in claim 18, it is characterized in that by 100 weight part copolymerization mix monomers, total consumption of initiator is the 0.01-6 weight part described in step (b) and the step (c), and described initiator is selected from persulphate, oxidation one reduction initiating system.
20. as claim 18 or 19 described methods, it is characterized in that by 100 weight part copolymerization mix monomers, the consumption of described chain-transfer agent is the 0.1-20 weight part, and described chain-transfer agent is selected from alcohols, ethers, ketone, ester class, Halogen alkane, aliphatics alkane, bromide or iodide.
21. method as claimed in claim 19 is characterized in that described persulphate is selected from ammonium persulphate, Sodium Persulfate or Potassium Persulphate; Described oxygenant is selected from ammonium persulphate, Sodium Persulfate, Potassium Persulphate, hydrogen peroxide, tertbutyl peroxide, isopropyl benzene hydroperoxide, p-Methylisopropylbenzene hydrogen peroxide or tertiary butyl isopropyl benzene hydroperoxide; Described reductive agent is selected from hydrosulphite, thiosulphate, formaldehyde sulfoxylate salt or ferrous salt.
22. method as claimed in claim 20 is characterized in that described alcohols is selected from methyl alcohol or Virahol; Described ethers is selected from dme, diethyl ether, di ether or methyl tertiary butyl ether; Described ketone is selected from acetone or methylethylketone; Described ester class is selected from methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, diethyl malonate, methylcarbonate or diethyl carbonate; Described Halogen alkane is selected from trichloromethane, tetracol phenixin, Trichloromonofluoromethane, Refrigerant 12, monochlorodifluoromethane, 1-one chlorine one fluoro-2-chlorodifluoroethane, monobromethane, methyl iodide, methylene bromide, methylene iodide, 1,2-two bromo-2,2-C2H4F2 C2H4F2,1,2-two iodo-2,2-C2H4F2 C2H4F2,1,2-dibromotetrafluoroethane, 1,2-diiodo-Tetrafluoroethane, 1,4-dibromo Octafluorobutane or 1,4-diiodo-Octafluorobutane; Described aliphatics alkane is selected from methylcyclopentane or methylcyclohexane; Described bromide or iodide are selected from lithiumbromide, Sodium Bromide, Potassium Bromide, lithium iodide, sodium iodide or potassiumiodide.
23. as claim 18 or 19 described methods, the temperature that it is characterized in that polyreaction is 50-130 ℃, the pressure of polyreaction is 1.0-7.0MPa.
24. as claim 18 or 19 described methods, it is characterized in that described fluoroelastomer is to adopt peroxide cure, in the monomer mixture that step a) is used, also comprise sulfuration point monomer.
25. method as claimed in claim 24 is characterized in that described sulfuration point monomer is selected from 1-bromo-2,2-difluoroethylene, 1-iodo-2,2-difluoroethylene, trifluoro bromine ethene, trifluoro iodoethylene, 4-bromo-3,3,4,4-tetrafluoro-1-butylene, 4-iodo-3,3,4,4-tetrafluoro-1-butylene, 4-bromo-1,1,2-three fluoro-1-butylene, 4-iodo-1,1,2-three fluoro-1-butylene.
26. a fluoroelastomer that makes with claim 1 or 15 described methods, it is the mixture of fluoroelastomer I and fluoroelastomer II; The unitary content of vinylidene fluoride monomers accounts for 50～82 moles of % among the fluoroelastomer I, and the weight ratio of fluoroelastomer II and fluoroelastomer I is 0.01～1, and the second-order transition temperature of fluoroelastomer II is lower than the second-order transition temperature of fluoroelastomer I.
27. fluoroelastomer as claimed in claim 26, it is characterized in that described fluoroelastomer I comprises from the monomeric unit of vinylidene and at least a from being selected from trifluorochloroethylene, tetrafluoroethylene, 3,3, the monomeric unit of 3-trifluoro propene, R 1216, perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether.
28. as claim 26 or 27 described fluoroelastomers, it is characterized in that described fluoroelastomer II comprises from the monomeric unit of vinylidene and at least a from being selected from trifluorochloroethylene, tetrafluoroethylene, 3,3, the monomeric unit of 3-trifluoro propene, R 1216, perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN88100574A (en) * | 1987-02-03 | 1988-09-07 | 阿托化学公司 | Heterophasic copolymer of vinylidene and trifluorochloroethylene and preparation method thereof |
| US20020037985A1 (en) * | 2000-09-22 | 2002-03-28 | Lyons Donald F. | Process for producing fluoroelastomers |
| CN1665852A (en) * | 2002-07-11 | 2005-09-07 | 杜邦唐弹性体公司 | Peroxide curable fluoroelastomers |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN88100574A (en) * | 1987-02-03 | 1988-09-07 | 阿托化学公司 | Heterophasic copolymer of vinylidene and trifluorochloroethylene and preparation method thereof |
| US20020037985A1 (en) * | 2000-09-22 | 2002-03-28 | Lyons Donald F. | Process for producing fluoroelastomers |
| CN1665852A (en) * | 2002-07-11 | 2005-09-07 | 杜邦唐弹性体公司 | Peroxide curable fluoroelastomers |
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