CN100418933C - Natural mineral fertilizer of paligorskite - Google Patents

Abstract

This invention relates to a natural mineral fertilizer containing palygorskite. The mineral fertilizer is produced from: palygorskite 30-70 parts, peat 20-40 parts, and potassium sulfate 10-30 parts by the conventional method. The mineral fertilizer can reduce residual heavy metals and hazardous substances in soil, increase the content of organic matters in soil, improve the water and nutrition retaining of soil, increase soil resistance to drought, diseases, and continuous cropping, and improve soil quality.

Description

Natural mineral fertilizer of paligorskite

Technical field

The invention belongs to technical field of fertilizers, be specifically related to a kind of natural mineral fertilizer of paligorskite.

Background technology

China has destroyed the structure of soil owing to long-term unreasonable a large amount of use inorganic fertilizers, makes the Soil structure overbalance; Seriously hardening of soil causes the chemical fertilizer amount of executing to increase and do not have positive effect, address this problem the green source of manure that can only use organic content high in a large number.But our resource is but very deficient, has further influenced the technological approaches that China addresses the above problem.

Summary of the invention

The objective of the invention is for overcoming disadvantages of background technology, and provide a kind of heavy metal in soil and residues of harmful substances of can effectively degrading, meet the requirement of modern green agricultural product, can improve the utilization ratio of chemical fertilizer, reduce cost, eliminate soil compaction, strengthen the organic content of soil, improve the soil water-retaining maintenance and divide a performance, and have drought resisting, disease-resistant, anti-continuous cropping and improve the natural mineral fertilizer of paligorskite of soil quality effect.

To achieve these goals, the technical solution used in the present invention is: a kind of natural mineral fertilizer of paligorskite is characterized in that making that this mineral manure raw materials of effective components is formed and weight part is:

Polygorskite 30-70 part peat composed of rotten mosses 20-40 part vitriolate of tartar 10-30 part.

Realize that preferred version of the present invention is: a kind of natural mineral fertilizer of paligorskite is characterized in that making that this mineral manure raw materials of effective components is formed and weight part is:

22 parts of 28 parts of vitriolate of tartar of 50 parts of peats composed of rotten mosses of polygorskite.

Polygorskite (Palygouskite), have another name called attapulgite (Attapulgus) or Palygorskite, be meant with the attapulgite be chief component a kind of tool distinct layer chain-like structure contain Shuifu County's magnesium silicate clay mineral, it is all quite similar with CNT (carbon nano-tube) on size, shape and structure construction, particle size diameter is tens to tens nanometers only, very fine and smooth, be the natural nano nonmetallic mineral material.These mineral are earthy, compact mass, originate in sedimentogeneous rock and the weathering crust, and color is white in color, canescence, Steel Gray, greyish-green or weak tiffany light, and the soil property exquisiteness has oily soapy, and light weight, property are crisp, and fracture is conchoidal, and water-absorbent is strong; Tool viscosity and plasticity-when wet, dry post shrinkage is little, and the water logging bubble collapses diffusing, and suspension is met not flocculation sediment of ionogen.It has the attribute of nano material, and all quite similar with CNT (carbon nano-tube) on size, shape and structure construction, particle size diameter is tens to tens nanometers only, is the natural nano structure mineral material with nanochannel structure.Because they have very strong colloidal property, absorption property, rheological property, catalytic performance, and very large specific surface area and certain cation exchange property, therefore be widely used as sorbent material, support of the catalyst and antiseptic-germicide carrier etc.In addition, these mineral also are the main raw materials of PAL engineering materials, so also can be widely used in numerous areas such as environment protection, high section agricultural, life and health guarantee.These mineral are rich in various trace elements such as teleorganic iodine, selenium, iron, molybdenum, silicon, calcium, magnesium, potassium, and therefore, polygorskite is in the world except that Chilean iodine nitre, the only solid mineral that is rich in iodine of another example.Particularly it has colloidal property the siliceous very high while of polygorskite, rheological property, catalytic performance, absorption property, cation exchange property, dispersing property and expansion character, quickened its infiltration and expansion, the required nutritive element of its farm crop has been absorbed greatly improve.

The peat composed of rotten mosses has another name called the main raw material that peat is various compound manure, is pure natural, no mixture, to the free of contamination a kind of safe organic object of soil, and its mean P H value is 5.0-5.5, uses the peat composed of rotten mosses can keep the pH value of soil.It is applicable various plant production that the peat composed of rotten mosses need not to adjust.The peat composed of rotten mosses also contains abundant humic acids, can wake the soil of plant root up, improves growing environment, makes the healthy and strong growth of plant root.Because the light weight of its uniqueness, water holding, ventilative and be rich in organic matter have the irreplaceable effect of other materials.The pH value of the peat composed of rotten mosses is 5.0-6.0; The EC value is less than 1; Water holding capacity is very high, and 50% (V) generally arranged; Air permeability is good, and the ventilation space is about 30%, and the peat composed of rotten mosses has the effect of improving the soil, supplying with nutrient, promote plant-growth.Be dun to black more; The water-content height is generally 50%～80%, and air-dry back proportion is 0.7～1.2; Organic matter in the peat composed of rotten mosses mainly is Mierocrystalline cellulose, hemicellulose, xylogen, humic acid, asphaltic substances etc.; Inorganics in the peat composed of rotten mosses mainly is clay, quartz and other dirts.The soft flammable organism that plant residue is piled up and formed through biochemical action in the marsh without diagenesis.Claim the mud coal or the peat composed of rotten mosses again.Peat is the predecessor of coal.Under the pressure and degradation by bacteria of overlying sediments thing, through compacting and dehydration and become brown coal.The humic acids that the peat composed of rotten mosses contains has stronger adsorptive power, increase the crumb structure of soil, make that soil is sent out noisy, geology is soft, make soil have stronger water-absorbent and suction nitrogen power, air permeability is good, and the ventilation space is about 30%, and it is the distinctive product of palustrine in ancient times, in many water, lack under the conditions of air the soft stacked organic lamination after the death.The peat composed of rotten mosses contains great number of organic matters and humic acids, and its organic content reaches 70-80%, and the humic acids content 40-50mg/kg peat composed of rotten mosses has the effect of improving the soil, supplying with nutrient, promote plant-growth.Organic matter in the peat composed of rotten mosses, after the soil microorganisms decomposition, the long period is supplied with the required nutrient of plant.The humic acids that the peat composed of rotten mosses contains has stronger adsorptive power (generally can absorb the soil nutrient branch in the radius 10m), increases the crumb structure of soil, makes soil soft, makes soil have stronger water-absorbent and suction nitrogen power.This characteristics are to plant root system development, and growth plays fine effect.

Vitriolate of tartar has obtained widespread use in agricultural, mainly be used as the low fertilizer of fruits and vegetables and cash crop and topdress the formation of its promotion plant protein and carbohydrate, enhancing lodging tolerance, improve quality of agricultural product, have the effect of nitrogen phosphorus potassium and other nutritive element in the balance plant.

Can draw from the performance characteristics between the above three, with its three by a certain percentage, the vein of the earth potassium produced of science and technology and special process can be supplied with the required nutritive element of plant-growth comprehensively in addition, wherein contains elements such as iodine, selenium, silicon, magnesium, potassium, boron, zinc, copper, molybdenum, iron, manganese, yttrium.Improved the utilization ratio of chemical fertilizer, had phosphorus element in the activating soil simultaneously, when phosphate fertilizer is sufficient, can suppress to absorb; When the plain disappearance of phosphorus, can promote moving of phosphorus element in the body, reduce investment, reduce production costs.Eliminate soil compaction, adjustment nutrition is used this product and can effectively be improved the soil, and improves the soil alkali, strengthens salt tolerance of crop, the propagation of the decomposition of promotion soil with organic matter and conversion, inhibition soil-borne disease bacterium.Can effectively regulate of the balance requirement of crop different growing stages to nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other element, when a certain element occurs when excessive, have the supply of inhibition effect, can alleviate infringement, the raising soil water-retaining maintenance branch performance of toxic pollutant simultaneously, improve crop growth environment crop.Significantly improve crop anti-adversity the crop nutritional deficiency symptom is disappeared, antibiotic, worm, drought, waterlogging, continuous cropping ability improve.Diseases such as mosaic disease, little leaf disease, Powdery Mildew, banded sclerotial blight, fruit tree root rot, anthrax, fruit russeting, bitter pit, gummosis, early defoliation disease there is tangible degeneration-resistant preventive and therapeutic effect.Promote root system development, can make the seed premature eruption 1-3 days, make the root system number increase 20%-44%, root heavily increases 21-75%, can make old and feeble and injured root regeneration life, improves transplanting survival rate, shortens seedling-slowing stage, particularly the anti-continuous cropping of root rot is had special efficacy.Promote painted, premature ripening, can make crop flowers, result shift to an earlier date 1-7 days, early painted 5-8 days, early ripe 7-15 days.Flower plant is bloomed early, and is bright-coloured lasting, give off a strong fragrance, and listing ahead of time, economic benefit is considerable.The upgrading volume increase can make sugar part, VC, the solid content of melon and fruit increase, and acidity descends, and fruit shape is rectified, and the fruit face is bright and clean, look delicate flavour U.S., and anti-storage, commodity rate can improve more than 15%.Average volume increase about 25%, wherein sugar, cotton, oil, beans, fiber crops, sugar material and melon and fruit increase production 15%-40%, and vegetables are different because of kind, volume increase 25%-50%.Strengthen photosynthesis, regulate the nutrition properly distributed.Use this product ensuing crop photosynthesis and obviously strengthen, the photosynthate transfer rate accelerates about 12% in the body.The photosynthate that transports the flowers and fruits position to increases, and reproductive growth and the equilibrium relationship of nourishing and growing have been regulated in the corresponding minimizing of the photosynthate of vegetative organ, effectively control branch excessive growth, and the fruit effect of expanding is remarkable.The raising chlorophyll content is protected and after the leaf fruit retention is used this product chlorophyll content on average improved more than 22%, and wherein fruit tree can be improved 25%-43%.And the leaf look dark green, blade thickness, and smooth surface, resistant to diseases and insects strengthens, and delays leaf senile, prolongs collection period.Vein of the earth potassium is all quite similar with CNT (carbon nano-tube) on size, structure construction, and being manured into soil to form numerous nano level suction pipe, thus the evaporation and the pouring of the evaporation of control moisture and infiltration control nutrient analyse, play water conservation, drought resisting, waterlogging-resistant, cold-resistant effect.It has very strong adsorptivity simultaneously, can not only adsorb nitrogen and avoid loss, has the effect of the nitrogen of guarantor control nitrogen, and can decompose the nutritive ingredient that is cured in the absorption soil, improves the soil physical chemistry symptom, improves the soil comprehensively.

The present invention compared with prior art has the following advantages:

(1) improves chemical fertilizer utilization ratio, reduce cost;

(2) eliminate soil compaction, adjustment nutrition;

(3) effect of raising crop anti-adversity, anti-continuous cropping is obvious;

(4) supply with the required nutritive element of plant comprehensively;

(5) water conservation, drought resisting, waterlogging-resistant, cold-resistant;

(6) upgrading volume increase;

(7) promote root system development;

(8) strengthen photosynthesis, regulate nutrition, properly distributed;

(9) improve chlorophyll content, protect the leaf fruit retention;

(10) promotion is painted, premature ripening.

(11) effectively degrade heavy metal in soil and residues of harmful substances.

Embodiment

Embodiment 1

Take by weighing each component by following weight part:

22 parts of 28 parts of vitriolate of tartar of 50 parts of peats composed of rotten mosses of polygorskite.

The preparation technology of present embodiment is: take by weighing polygorskite, the peat composed of rotten mosses and vitriolate of tartar by above-mentioned weight part, with pulverizer polygorskite, the peat composed of rotten mosses and vitriolate of tartar separated pulverizing are become 800 purpose fine powders, mix the back pack, 25 kilograms every bag.

Embodiment 2

Take by weighing each component by following weight part:

30 parts of 40 parts of vitriolate of tartar of 30 parts of peats composed of rotten mosses of polygorskite.

The preparation technology of present embodiment is with embodiment 1.

Embodiment 3

Take by weighing each component by following weight part:

10 parts of 20 parts of vitriolate of tartar of 70 parts of peats composed of rotten mosses of polygorskite.

The preparation technology of present embodiment is with embodiment 1.

Embodiment 4

Take by weighing each component by following weight part:

15 parts of 25 parts of vitriolate of tartar of 60 parts of peats composed of rotten mosses of polygorskite.

The preparation technology of present embodiment is with embodiment 1.

Embodiment 5

Take by weighing each component by following weight part:

25 parts of 35 parts of vitriolate of tartar of 40 parts of peats composed of rotten mosses of polygorskite.

The preparation technology of present embodiment is with embodiment 1.

Application process: should make base fertilizer, promptly evenly spread fertilizer over the fields after preceding or cultivated turning over, turn over (rake) buries, and does foliage-spray with 50 times of liquid.When fruit tree is used, apply in annular groove or the radial furrow and the soil earthing that stirs; Also can topdress, suitable unsuitable evening early, execute the back earthing, water good.General crop is used 25kg for every mu, and lacking silicon, potassium soil or happiness calcium crop should suitably increase amount of application; Every mu of consumption 50kg of fruit tree (every 0.5-2kg); The plastic greenhouse and the mu of growing seedlings are executed 50kg.Nonnitrogenous, the phosphoric of this fertilizer can not substitute nitrogenous fertilizer or phosphate fertilizer, please according to the growth needs of all kinds of crops, increases in proportion and joins nitrogen, phosphorus nutrient when the user uses.

Vein of the earth potassium of the present invention is a kind of fertilizer by the development and production of the farsighted prosperous agricultural science and technology of Shaanxi thumb company limited, in the fertilizer nutrient: K2O 〉=10%, Si 〉=40%, Mg 〉=5.3%, Fe 〉=5.2%, Ca 〉=5.5%, in order to verify the effect of increasing production of this fertilizer on apple, according to economizing the experimental technique rules that the station requires, we tested on apple in 2004,2005 in continuous 2 years, existing the result is gathered as follows:

(1) materials and methods

1-1, test period and place

This was tested annual April-October in 2004,2005, was located at orchard, Bei Yao village, Su Fang town, Pucheng County and tested.

1-2 experimental plot physical features is smooth, and soil fertility is even, the soil type loessal soil.Gather orchard 0-40 centimetre of degree of depth soil sample before the test, it is as follows to record the nutrient basic condition:

Experimental plot piece soil nutrient situation

Project	Organic (%)	Quick-acting nitrogen mg/kg	Rapid available phosphorus mg/kg	Available potassium mg/kg	PH
						Content	1.0	40	39	143	8.0

Contrast painted 5.4% of increase for examination fertilizer, sugar degree improves 0.9%; Spray like product contrast increases painted 4.3%, and sugar degree improves 0.6%.

The 2-2 different treatment is to the influence (2004,2005) of apple production

Table 1, table 5 show: 2004, apple in 2005 is used for examination fertilizer and is contrasted 276.8 kilograms, 334 kilograms of mu volume increase, and stimulation ratio is respectively 9.2%, 11.5%; Use 176.8 kilograms, 179 kilograms of like product contrast mu volume increase, stimulation ratio is respectively 5.9%, 6.2%.By variance analysis, handle differences and reach conspicuous level (F value=71.3, F value=22.8), each is handled differences further carry out new multipole poor (LSR method) multiple comparisons, the result shows that confession examination fertilizer reaches utmost point conspicuous level to the effect of increasing production of apple.

The 2-3 Economic and Efficiency Analysis

Table 4, table 8 show: 2004, apple in 2005 is used for examination fertilizer and is respectively than the volume increase of contrast mu: 442.9 yuan, 601.2 yuan, input-output ratio is 1: 2.7,1: 4.0, using like product is 282.9 yuan, 322.2 yuan than a contrast mu volume increase value, input-output 1: 1.4,1: 1.7.

(2) conclusions and recommendations

Test shows: by the vein of the earth potassium of the farsighted prosperous agricultural science and technology of Shaanxi thumb company limited development and production, can promote the production of apple to grow, improve and promote growing of apple, improve painted sugar degree and improve quality, test in 2004,2005 contrast mu volume increase is respectively 276.8 kilograms, 334 kilograms, and stimulation ratio is respectively 9.2%, 11.5%, mu volume increase value is respectively 442.9 yuan, 601.2 yuan, input-output ratio is 1: 2.7,1: 4.0, and the increasing of quality and production effect is obvious, remarkable in economical benefits.Therefore, we advise that this fertilizer can large scale application on apple.

Table 1 different treatment is to the influence (2004) of output

Table 2 variance analysis (2004)

Source of variation	Sum of squares	Degree of freedom	All square	The F value	F0.05	F0.01
							Between processing	427.6	2	213.8	71.3**	5.14	10.92
Interior handle (error)	18	6	3
							Total variation	445.6	8

Table 3 is respectively handled volume variance comparison sheet (LSR method) (2004)

Table 4 Economic and Efficiency Analysis table (2004)

Annotate: 1.6 yuan/kilogram of apples

Table 5 different treatment is to the influence (2005) of output

Table 6 variance analysis (2005)

Source of variation	Sum of squares	Degree of freedom	All square	The F value	F 0.05	F 0.01
							Between processing	600.9	2	300.5	22.8**	5.14	10.92
Interior handle (error)	79.3	6	13.2
							Total variation	680.2	8

Table 7 is respectively handled volume variance comparison sheet (LSR method) (2005)

Table 8 Economic and Efficiency Analysis table (2005)

Annotate: 1.8 yuan/kilogram of apples

Claims (2)

1. natural mineral fertilizer of paligorskite is characterized in that this mineral manure is made up of the raw material of following weight part:

Polygorskite 30-70 part peat composed of rotten mosses 20-40 part vitriolate of tartar 10-30 part.

2. natural mineral fertilizer of paligorskite according to claim 1 is characterized in that this mineral manure is made up of the raw material of following weight part:

22 parts of 28 parts of vitriolate of tartar of 50 parts of peats composed of rotten mosses of polygorskite.