CN100415505C - 具有反射表面的碳纤维复合材料转移元件 - Google Patents
具有反射表面的碳纤维复合材料转移元件 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种在热敏材料或设备例如平板显示器不吸收热能的情况下输送精密设备材料的方法。该转移元件具有碳纤维增强复合材料的主体,所述转移元件的顶面和底面上具有金属膜的层以提供反射表面。平板显示器例如释放辐射热能,这种对平板显示器不利的热能被碳纤维增强复合材料吸收。金属膜形成的反射表面防止了碳纤维增强复合材料吸收能量。在金属膜表面上的玻璃纤维和环氧层保护金属膜。
Description
本申请要求2002年7月29日提交的美国临时申请60/399,337的权益。
发明领域
本发明涉及一种转移元件。更具体地说,本发明涉及一种具有反射表面的碳纤维复合材料转移元件,该元件适用于在无能量吸收的情况下转移平板显示器。
发明背景
以下公开内容与本发明的各方面有关,可以简述如下:
在Kingston的US6,194,081B1中,描述了一种生产主要用于飞机结构的β-钛复合层压材料的方法。β-钛复合层压材料包括β-钛合金的第一层,该层具有特定的屈服强度与弹性模量比率,将第一层具有特定强度与弹性模量比率的复合材料层粘附在β-钛合金层上,从而形成β-钛复合层压材料,其中β-钛合金的第一层的屈服强度与弹性模量比率与复合材料的第一层的屈服强度与弹性模量比率匹配,使得β-钛合金的第一层将达到其应力极限,复合材料的第一层将在大约相同的总应变下达到其应力极限。
在Westre等的US5,866,272中,描述了适合于超音速民用飞机的混合层压材料和混合层压结构的表面面板。混合层压材料包括钛合金箔和复合层的叠层结构,最好取向以抵抗使用中遇到的力,和与中心核结构连接,例如钛合金蜂窝结构。复合层的增强纤维选自碳和硼,这些纤维是连续的并在各层内平行取向。但是,一些层可以按照与其它层成角度地取向。尽管如此,在该发明的优选实施方案中,基本大部分或者全部的混合层压材料的纤维是按照共同的方向取向。层压材料的外表面包括钛箔层以保护下面的含复合材料的结构不会受到环境、溶剂的攻击等。
Zweben等的美国专利4,888,247描述了热传导层压材料和层压的热传导设备,具有至少一层金属层和至少一层聚合物基体复合材料层,在所述聚合物基体复合材料内分布和包埋了低热膨胀增强材料。层压的热传导设备的热膨胀系数和热传导率通过在层压材料中的金属与聚合物基体材料和低热膨胀增强材料的结合来限定。热传导设备的热膨胀系数和热传导率可以通过将至少一层金属层粘合到至少一层在其中分布和包埋有低热膨胀增强材料的聚合物基体复合材料层来控制。在一个实施方案中,层压的热传导设备包括多个铝和在其中分布有石墨纤维的环氧树脂的交替层。
Hoggatt的美国专利3,939,024描述了能在至少两个方向支持载荷并含有约45-65体积%纤维增强的结构增强热塑性层压材料。该层压材料可以在有或无金属涂层的情况下使用。
在精密设备的生产过程中,例如平板显示设备和半导体,使用用于转移这些组件的转移元件。这种转移元件可以安装在设备例如工业机器人中用于移动精密设备。这些组件放置或保持在转移元件上并移动到希望的位置。在平板显示器的生产中,例如高温显示器通过自动机器人在工艺步骤之间转移。这些机器人具有末端操纵器(例如支持臂),在显示器平板的运输期间将其举起和为其提供放置位置。陶瓷和铝由于其刚度和纯度水平以前用作末端操纵器材料。最近,CFRP(碳纤维增强的塑料)已经由于其刚度、成本和振动阻尼性能而作为末端操纵器。但是,CFRP是黑色的,吸收在运输过程中从显示器平板发出的辐射热能,这对平板显示器有害,因为太多的传热会损害平板显示器或其它热敏材料。该特性限制了CFRP末端操纵器在平板显示器生产方面的市场化,因为不吸收辐射热能是重要的。
希望提供一种能防止CFRP吸收能量的转移元件(例如支持臂或者末端操纵器),例如用于平板显示器的输送。
发明概述
简言之,根据本发明的一个方面,提供一种输送具有能吸收辐射热能的表面的设备的方法,包括使用转移元件的步骤,该转移元件包括:
a)具有碳纤维增强复合材料的主体(body),所述主体具有顶面和底面;
b)覆盖复合材料主体的顶面和底面的金属膜,所述膜形成反射表面;和
c)在覆盖主体顶面和底面的金属膜上形成的一层玻璃纤维环氧树脂。
附图简述
下面将结合附图详细描述本发明,在附图中:
图1显示在本发明中用于输送的末端操纵器或支持臂的顶视图;
图2显示在本发明中转移元件的各层的横截面图;
图3显示另一个转移元件的例子的顶视图;和
图4显示被垂直截面切割的转移元件(即,末端操纵器,支持臂,主体)的横截面图,包括其纵向。
虽然将结合优选实施方案描述本发明,但是应该理解的是本发明不限于这些实施方案。相反,本发明包括所有在所附权利要求定义的本发明精神和范围内的替代、改进和等价方案。
发明详述
本发明是一种转移元件,通过在末端操纵器或支持臂中使用的碳纤维增强塑料,向运输精密设备(包括平板显示器和半导体)提供了能防止能量吸收的反射表面。在高温显示器精密设备例如平板显示器和半导体中,通过自动机器人在工艺步骤之间转移这些设备。
转移元件主体的碳纤维增强复合材料包括至少一层单向的预制体(prepreg),其中碳纤维基本与主体纵向平行地排列。该主体的碳纤维增强复合材料包括至少一层含有碳纤维的布预制体,其中至少部分该预制体的碳纤维和导电聚合物部件是电连接的。在本发明中,复合材料主体的各层优选的厚度是约0.02-约1.00mm。
转移元件的碳纤维增强复合材料包括:碳纤维增强的塑料(CFRP)和碳纤维增强的碳复合材料(C/C复合材料)。CFRP材料是优选的。碳纤维增强复合材料的基体材料包括:热固性聚合物,热塑性聚合物,碳,陶瓷,金属,和其混合物。在本发明中,热固性聚合物、碳或其混合物优选作为基体。热固性聚合物包括:环氧树脂,芳族聚酰胺,双马来酰亚胺,苯酚,呋喃,脲,不饱和聚酯,环氧丙烯酸酯,邻苯二甲酸二烯丙酯,乙烯基酯,热固性聚酰亚胺,蜜胺,和其它这种材料。
用于本发明的热塑性聚合物基体材料包括:聚酰亚胺树脂,尼龙,液体芳族聚酰胺,聚酯,液体芳族聚酯,聚丙烯,聚醚砜聚合物,聚苯硫醚,PEEK(聚醚醚酮),PEK(聚醚酮)PEKK(聚醚酮酮),LCP(液晶聚合物),聚砜,聚氯乙烯,聚乙烯醇纤维,芳族聚酰胺,含氟聚合物,和其它这种材料。用于本发明的陶瓷基体材料包括:氧化铝,二氧化硅,碳化钛,碳化硅,氮化硼,氮化硅,和其它这种材料。用于本发明的金属基体材料包括:钛,铝,锡,硅,铜,铁,镁,铬,镍,钼,钨,和含有一种或多种这些金属的合金。根据本发明的方法,金属膜可以包括至少一种以下物质:钛、铜、铝、钢、金、银、镍、锡和其组合。
在上述碳纤维增强复合材料中包含的碳纤维包括:石油沥青型碳纤维,煤沥青型碳纤维,聚丙烯腈(PAN)碳纤维,和其它这种纤维。碳纤维的电阻通常是1-30μΩ.m,优选1-20μΩ.m。碳纤维增强复合材料可以包括仅仅一种碳纤维,也可以包括两种或多种这些碳纤维的混合结构。
在碳纤维增强复合材料中使用的碳纤维的形式包括单向增强、双向增强、三维增强、无规增强,并按照转移元件的所需目的适宜地选择和采用相似的形式。例如,按照需要,碳纤维可以是短纤维、织造织物、非织造织物、单向的材料、二维织造织物和三维织造织物的形式。更特别的是,碳纤维可以在具有毡、垫、编织织物(即,包含与热熔聚合物按照平行交叉或三角形式排列的碳纤维的非织造织物)、单向的材料、假各向同性材料、平织物、缎纹布、斜纹织物、假薄织物、缠结织物等的结构的材料中使用,层压然后布置在上述碳纤维增强复合材料中。
导电聚合物部件与主体中的至少部分碳纤维是电连接的。当转移物品时,主体与物品接触。导电聚合物部件的一部分与在其上放置的被转移物品接触。在物品和主体之间的接触是经由碳纤维与导电聚合物部件电连接的。本发明还提供与接地导体的接触。
导电聚合物部件包括聚酰亚胺聚合物。在本发明中,聚合物材料具有导电率。例如,其中向热固性或热塑性聚合物中加入导电填料形成的聚合物材料。其它用于上述聚合物材料的材料包括:含氟聚合物,PAI(聚酰胺酰亚胺),PA(聚酰胺),PEI(聚醚酰亚胺),POM(聚甲醛),PEEK(聚醚醚酮),PEKK(聚醚酮酮),PEK(聚醚酮),聚乙酸酯,尼龙聚合物,芳族聚酰亚胺,聚醚砜(PES),聚酰亚胺,聚醚酰亚胺,聚酯,液晶聚合物(LCP),聚苯并咪唑(PBI),聚对亚苯基苯并二噁唑(poly(paraphenylene benzobisaxazole))(PBO),聚苯硫醚(PPS),聚碳酸酯(PC),聚丙烯酸酯,聚缩醛,或两种或多种上述聚合物的混合物。其它用于本发明的导电填料包括:金属粉末,碳黑,碳纤维,氧化锌,氧化钛,钛酸钾。优选的是,该聚合物材料包含聚酰亚胺,其具有优异的耐磨性、抗静电性能和耐化学品性;具有用于生产转移元件的尺寸稳定性和机械稳定性;和当与物品接触时不易损害物品例如玻璃基材或片;和不易产生颗粒。
在本发明中,导电聚合物部件的体积电阻通常是101-1012Ω.cm,优选104-105Ω.cm。另外,生产转移元件的方法可以包括制备含有碳纤维增强复合材料的转移元件主体。该方法将复合材料的一部分碳纤维暴露,将导电聚合物部件安装在转移元件主体上,使得其可以与暴露的碳纤维电连接。导电聚合物部件通过用导电粘合剂粘合转移元件主体和导电聚合物部件来安装。安装导电聚合物部件的制造方法包括将导电聚合物部件***孔或凹入部分。孔和凹入部分是通过将复合材料的内部碳纤维暴露的方式形成的。本发明的另一个方面是生产具有导电率的转移元件的方法。可以使用本领域公知的生产碳纤维增强复合材料例如CFRP和C/C复合材料的方法。例如,CFRP可以通过用热固性聚合物浸渍增强碳纤维而形成预制体和然后将其层压和固化来制备。但是,优选通过层压单向的增强碳纤维的预制体、也就是单向的预制体来获得具有预定弹性模量的CFRP,使得纤维的方向是相对于转移元件纵向的0°和90°,0°、±45°和90°,或0°、±60°和90°。
在增强碳纤维浸渍入热固性聚合物的过程中,优选使用热熔体法,即通常将聚合物加热到60-90℃,并将其浸渍在增强纤维上。热固性聚合物在预制体生产中的含量通常是20-50重量%,优选25-45重量%,相对于增强纤维的总重量计。
如果必要,填料可以加入构成预制体的聚合物中。填料包括:云母,氧化铝,滑石,细粉状硅石,硅灰石,海泡石,碱性硫酸镁,碳酸钙,聚四氟乙烯粉末,锌粉末,铝粉末,和有机细颗粒例如细丙烯酰基颗粒,细环氧聚合物颗粒,细聚酰胺颗粒,和细聚氨酯颗粒,和其它这种材料,或者两种或多种的混合物。预制体按照合适的形状层压在转移元件上,在高压釜中或压力下于110-150℃加热固化30分钟到3小时,得到CFRP。采用这种方法,可以获得具有稳定质量和极少空隙的CFRP。
C/C复合材料也可以通过公知的方法生产。例如,碳纤维以与用于上述CFRP生产的碳纤维相似的形式使用。预制品(即,在工艺的中间步骤形成的形状)通过将预制品浸渍入母体聚合物例如热塑性聚合物和热固性聚合物、然后用热等压方法(HIP)处理或相似方法碳化,从而可以在碳纤维上形成碳化基体。碳化可以通过将上述预制品于500℃、优选300℃在惰性气体中加热来进行。
C/C复合材料包括沥青物质,例如使用煤沥青、石油沥青、合成沥青、各向同性沥青和中间相沥青作为原料的那些。热塑性聚合物可以包括:聚酰亚胺树脂,酚聚合物,环氧聚合物,呋喃聚合物和脲聚合物,和热固性聚合物包括酚聚合物,环氧聚合物,呋喃聚合物,脲聚合物和其它这种材料。
沥青、热塑性聚合物或热固性聚合物也可以与填料混合,并供应到用于形成基体的工艺中。填料的例子包括:碳粉末,石墨粉末,碳化硅粉末,硅石粉末,碳纤维须晶,短碳纤维,和硅碳短纤维。
生产C/C复合材料的方法的另一个例子是通过使用化学气相沉积(CVD)、化学气相渗透(CVI)或其它可以形成C/C复合材料的类似方法使可热分解的碳与碳纤维接触而形成基体。以此方式获得的C/C复合材料可以进一步进行微型化处理。特别是,复合材料的密度可以通过重复基体形成工艺而改进。
本发明的转移元件的主体可以从仅仅碳纤维增强复合材料形成,或从碳纤维增强复合材料纤维和其它材料例如玻璃纤维增强塑料(GFRP)的组合形成。其它材料包括结构例如蜂窝、多孔体或波纹板。
主体可以通过使含有用上述方法获得的碳纤维增强复合材料的模制体进行工艺例如切割而将主体切割成需要的形状来制备。采用这种工艺,具有所需形状的主体可以以精确的操作精度获得。此外,碳纤维和导电聚合物部件的电连接可以容易地如下所述实现。和如果必要,主体可以具有涂覆的涂料以防止在操作表面上形成颗粒。热固性聚合物例如环氧聚合物和硅蜡可以用作涂料。
本发明的转移元件主体的例子是长方板形结构,其皮层位于板的两面上,芯层位于皮层之间。该结构的顶面和底面被环氧涂覆的金属膜覆盖,形成反射表面。如上所述,转移元件主体的每个皮层优选是约0.02-约1.00mm厚。皮层具有含有碳纤维的第一碳纤维增强复合材料层,并相对于转移元件的纵向形成-20°至+20°角度,和具有500-1000GPa的拉伸弹性模量。第二层是含有碳纤维的碳纤维增强复合材料层,相对于转移元件的纵向形成+75°至+90°角度和/或-75°至-90°角度,和具有200-400GPa的拉伸弹性模量。皮层具有第三碳纤维增强复合材料纤维,相对于转移元件的纵向形成+30°至+60°角度和/或-30°至-60°角度,和具有500-1000GPa的拉伸弹性模量。三层皮层的厚度与皮层和芯层总厚度之间的比率是20-80%,优选60-80%。接触体可以经由皮层的碳纤维与聚合物导电部件电连接。另外,除了或代替上述碳纤维增强复合材料的第三个皮层,芯层可以包括另一种材料层,具有结构例如蜂窝、多孔体和/或波纹板和空隙。由纤维材料例如碳纤维形成的布层可以位于主体的最外层表面,使得比不存在布层时更容易加工转移元件。和如果布层是由碳纤维生产的,则接触体和导电聚合物部件之间的电连接更容易。
本发明的转移元件的一个实施方案包括主体,其具有碳纤维增强复合材料和导电聚合物部件与主体中的至少部分碳纤维电连接,和通过将其布置在主体上而具有与被转移物品接触的一部分。转移元件与物品接触的区域可以是转移元件的远端表面,和导电聚合物部件。
导电聚合物部件与主体的至少部分碳纤维的电连接可以如下实现:将主体中所包含的碳纤维增强复合材料的碳纤维的一部分暴露,并将导电聚合物部件安装在主体上使得其能与暴露的碳纤维电连接。碳纤维可以通过将转移元件主体作为含有碳纤维增强复合材料的模制体形成和通过切割一部分形成孔或凹入部分来暴露。(例如,通常当生产含有碳纤维增强复合材料的模制体时,其表面被基质涂覆,碳纤维没有暴露。因此,如果一部分主体被切割,则碳纤维暴露)。除了碳纤维层之外,图4显示的金属和玻璃纤维环氧层也必须相似地切割和暴露。玻璃纤维环氧树脂层包括玻璃纤维材料和环氧树脂材料的组合。玻璃纤维材料包括S-玻璃、E-玻璃和D-玻璃,环氧树脂材料的例子包括表氯醇和双酚A的缩合产物。
暴露的碳纤维和导电聚合物部件的电连接可以通过用导电粘合剂将主体和导电聚合物部件在导电聚合物部件的不同部分粘合来进行,该部分用于含有切割表面的主体的表面上与被转移物品接触的部分,或通过将导电聚合物部件***在使主体碳纤维暴露的工艺中形成的孔或凹入部分来进行。但是,粘合主体和导电聚合物部件的方法不是关键的,可以使用任何其中导电聚合物部件可以与至少一部分形成主体的碳纤维接触和另一个其中被转移物品可以在接触的情况下放入的部分的方法。
本发明的转移元件可以配备仅仅一个导电聚合物部件或者几个导电聚合物部件。当使用几个导电聚合物部件时,一个或多个该部件可以与碳纤维电连接。
本发明的转移元件还可以配备与接地导体的接触体。上述接触体经由至少部分碳纤维与导电聚合物部件电连接,使得与导电聚合物部件接触的物品的静电可以通过接地方法除去。上述接触体可以简单地是通过切割主体形成的碳纤维的暴露表面,或是需要的金属电极。
本发明的转移元件的形状可以是上述长方形的,但是在本发明中也可以是各种形状,包括板状,棒状,叉子状,蜂窝状,中空棒状,T形,I形,曲面形,或组合形状。通常,本发明的转移元件可以具有在其远端与被转移物品接触的区域,或者具有在近端的接触体。本发明的转移元件可以具有这样的形状,其中仅仅导电聚合物部件与被转移物品接触并支持它,或者这样的形状,其中导电聚合物部件和主体都与被转移物品接触并支持它。近端被固定在用于移动转移元件的设备例如工业机器人上。该设备操作使得正在转移的物品可以放置或保持在远端,从而转移该物品。
下面参考附图详细说明本发明。本发明的转移元件的例子下面参考各图描述。参考附图说明本发明。图1显示本发明实施方案的顶视图,其中末端操纵器或支持臂或主体10具有叉形结构。主体10具有转移元件的用于夹持被转移物品(例如精密设备)的部分20。把手部分25与物品夹持部分20连接。主体10是从芯材料例如碳纤维复合材料和图2所示的额外层形成。
在主体10中,部分或全部碳纤维基本与纵向、也就是主体10的远端-近端方向平行地排列。导电聚合物部件22安装在图1所示的位置,使得其经由碳纤维与接触体26电连接。接地导体24与接触体26在移动电流(即放出静电)中连接。
本发明的主体由各层形成,显示在主体部分的横截面图中。主体10(参见图1)由以下各层组成:碳纤维复合材料层50,其具有顶面51和底面52。金属膜61、62各自涂在碳纤维复合塑料材料50的顶面51和底面52上。金属膜61、62包括至少一种以下物质:钛、铜、铝、钢、金、银、镍、锡和/或其组合。该金属膜61、62提供了反射表面,能防止在本发明运输期间被CFRP吸收能量。这特别用于输送精密设备例如平板显示器和其它其中会出现被传输材料吸收能量的设备。该金属膜61、62优选是钛。
玻璃纤维环氧树脂层71、72各自涂在金属膜61(顶面层)和62(底面层)上。(玻璃纤维环氧树脂层71、72涂在金属膜61、62的对面,与碳纤维增强塑料材料50接触的那些面相对)。玻璃纤维半透明层和环氧层提供了可视性和用于金属膜的保护纤维。本发明图2显示的复合材料层将不会吸收热能,可以用作运输温度敏感性平板显示器中的末端操纵器。主体的碳纤维增强复合材料层包括在10-5Pa的真空下、在10℃/分钟加热速率下从25℃到250℃的温度条件下释放出的小于30ppm、优选小于15ppm的水和小于5ppm、优选小于1ppm的氢气的杂质。
下面参考图3,显示本发明转移元件的另一个实施方案的顶视图。主体31具有叉形结构,导电聚合物部件32安装在每个其支端上。主体31是通过层压布预制片材形成。在主体31中,在布预制体中的碳纤维被交叉和在转移元件主体31的纵向和横向上延伸。所以,导电聚合物部件32与接触体36经由所述碳纤维电连接,和在转移物品中,该物品与导电聚合物部件32接触,使得电流按照箭头方向33流动,从而除去电流(即放出静电)。接地导体34按照与图1相似的方式与接触体36连接。
图4是其中转移元件被垂直部分切割的横截面,包括其纵向。主体11具有长方片形,是由碳纤维增强复合材料形成,在其远端的顶面上具有凹入部分15。凹入部分15是通过形成由碳纤维增强复合材料组成的模制体并切割成显示的形状而形成的。导电聚合物部件12具有嵌入凹入部分15的突出部分,并经由导电粘合剂安装在主体11上,或通过压制嵌入凹入部分15。在主体11的近端,接触体16安装和与接地导体14连接。在实际应用中,接触体16可以直接与接地导体14连接或者可以经由设备例如用于移动转移元件的机器人接地。接触体16还可以具有固定在每个接地形状的结构。主体11是通过将单向的预制片层压来形成。在主体11中,部分或全部复合材料层50的碳纤维基本与主体11的纵向平行,即在远端到近端位置的方向。因此,导电聚合物部件12和接触体16是经由主体11的碳纤维电连接,和在转移物品的过程中,该物品与导电聚合物部件12接触,使得电流按照箭头方向13流动,从而除去电流。
本发明的转移元件包括包含碳纤维增强复合材料的主体和导电聚合物部件的主体,其中导电聚合物部件与在所述主体中的至少部分碳纤维电连接,并具有通过放置在其上而与被转移物品接触的部分,可以通过转移元件改进被转移物品例如半导体硅片和液晶玻璃基材的可转移性,抑制由转移环境引起的对被转移物品的损害,并容易地生产,由于含有碳纤维增强复合材料的主体和与主体连接的导电聚合物部件而具有亮度、高劲度和高耐热性,和另外能有效地通过接地方法除去物品的静电。所以,组件例如需要准确操作的大规模玻璃基材、平板显示器和硅片(wafer)可以有利地转移,不会降低它们的品质和产率。因此,该转移元件按照与图1所述相似的方式十分有用。在转移物品的过程中,该物品与导电聚合物部件32接触,使得电流按照箭头方向33流动。而且,在本发明的生产转移元件的方法中,上述转移元件可以按照简单的方式生产。
所以,显然根据本发明提供了一种具有能完全满足上述目标和优点的反射表面的转移元件。虽然本发明已经结合具体实施方案描述,但是许多替代方法、改进和变化对于本领域技术人员是显然的。因此,本发明包括在所附权利要求精神和范围内的所有这些替代方法、改进和变化。
Claims (8)
1. 一种输送设备的方法,其中所述设备具有吸收辐射热能的表面,该方法包括使用转移元件的步骤,该转移元件包括:
a)具有碳纤维增强复合材料的主体,所述主体具有顶面和底面;
b)覆盖复合材料主体的顶面和底面的金属膜,所述膜形成反射表面;和
c)在覆盖复合材料主体顶面和底面的金属膜上形成的一层玻璃纤维环氧树脂层。
2. 根据权利要求1的方法,其中该设备是平板显示器。
3. 根据权利要求1的方法,其中金属膜包括至少一种以下物质:钛、铜、铝、钢、金、银、镍、锡和其组合。
4. 根据权利要求1的方法,其中所述主体的碳纤维增强复合材料包括的杂质是在10-5Pa的真空下、在10℃/分钟加热速率下从25℃到250℃的温度条件下释放小于30ppm的水和小于5ppm的氢气。
5. 根据权利要求1的方法,其中所述玻璃纤维材料选自S-玻璃、E-玻璃和D-玻璃。
6. 根据权利要求1的方法,其中所述环氧树脂材料包括表氯醇和双酚A的缩合产物。
7. 根据权利要求1的方法,其中转移元件包括形成复合材料主体的三个层,并且复合材料主体的每层的厚度是0.02-1.00mm。
8. 一种具有反射表面的碳纤维转移元件,该转移元件包括:
a)具有碳纤维增强复合材料的主体,所述主体具有顶面和底面;
b)覆盖复合材料主体的顶面和底面的金属膜,所述膜形成反射表面;和
c)在覆盖复合材料主体顶面和底面的金属膜上形成的一层玻璃纤维环氧树脂层。
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