CN100412126C - Composite material of similar fluid inorganic nano particle and polymer and preparation thereof - Google Patents
Composite material of similar fluid inorganic nano particle and polymer and preparation thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN100412126C CN100412126C CNB2006101244545A CN200610124454A CN100412126C CN 100412126 C CN100412126 C CN 100412126C CN B2006101244545 A CNB2006101244545 A CN B2006101244545A CN 200610124454 A CN200610124454 A CN 200610124454A CN 100412126 C CN100412126 C CN 100412126C
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Abstract
The invention discloses a composite material of like-fluid inorganic nanometer particle and polymer and preparing method, which is characterized by the following: the composite material is consists of m parts of like-fluid inorganic nanometer particle and 100-m parts of thermoplastic polymer, which are mixed at melting temperature+-20DEG C for once forming (0<m<=10); the polymer concludes chloroethylene, polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, nylon and polyester; the inorganic nanometer particle concludes nanometer calcium carbonate, nanometer silicon dioxide and nanometer titanium dioxide.
Description
Technical field
The present invention is the matrix material and the preparation method of similar fluid inorganic nano particle and polymkeric substance.Belong to the organic/inorganic composite material category.
Background technology
Organic has realized the excellent properties complementation of polymkeric substance and inorganic materials, is the important channel of preparation novel high-performance material.Inorganic nano-particle adds in the polymkeric substance, because the stress concentration effect of inorganic nano-particle, can causing on every side, resin produces crack splitting, absorb certain deformation energy, the while, the specific surface area of particle increased along with nano particle diameter reduces, filler (inorganic nano-particle) increases with matrix (polymkeric substance) contact area, produce more tiny crack when material is hit, absorb more striking energy, thereby improve polymkeric substance modulus and intensity.Therefore inorganic nano-particle has the enhancing toughening effect simultaneously to polymkeric substance.
At present, the research of polymer/inorganic nanometer particle composite material is many.Matrix polymer relates to various thermoplasticss and thermosetting resin, and the inorganic nano-particle filler comprises nano-calcium carbonate (CaCO
3), nano silicon (SiO
2), nano titanium oxide (TiO
2), layered silicate etc., normally by inorganic nano-particle being carried out adopt technology such as blend, in-situ polymerization, ultrasonication, sol-gel method to prepare Organic after chemical modification makes it surface-functionalized.For the organic/inorganic nano structural composite material, inorganic nano-particle mainly is the toughness reinforcing enhancement that polymkeric substance is had simultaneously and the mechanical property of material is greatly improved, and can not improve as reaching on the processing characteristics significantly in others.Though because these inorganic nano-particles carry out surface treatment, the existence of reunion is arranged still simultaneously, makes this class material can not prepare transparent sheet material and film.Inorganic nano-particle in the domestic and international polymer/inorganic nanometer particle composite material of studying all exists with solid at present, therefore only has the function of filler, makes the application of matrix material be subjected to great restriction.
Has flowability if be used for the inorganic nano-particle of Organic, it not only can keep the toughness reinforcing enhancement of the solid-state inorganic nano-particle of routine to polymkeric substance, improve the mechanical property of material, the mobilization of inorganic nano-particle itself can significantly improve the processing characteristics of matrix material again simultaneously, what more can expect is, flowing property and particular structure feature by inorganic nano-particle, may be to some macromolecular material, (PVC) plays the plastifying effect as polyvinyl chloride.Similar fluid inorganic nano particle can reach the nano level homodisperse in polymkeric substance, therefore be with a wide range of applications on preparation clear sheet and film, remedies the blank of solid-state inorganic nano-particle Application Areas.Have not yet to see with the relevant report of similar fluid inorganic nano particle with polymkeric substance compound advanced composite material.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to, utilize similar fluid inorganic nano particle not having to show the class I liquid I behavior in the presence of the solvent, compound with polymkeric substance, similar fluid inorganic nano particle has the performance of toughness reinforcing, enhancing and plastification simultaneously to polymkeric substance.The matrix material and the preparation method of similar fluid inorganic nano particle and polymkeric substance are provided, and this class matrix material is particularly useful for making clear sheet and film.
Realize that technical scheme of the present invention is:
The matrix material of a kind of similar fluid inorganic nano particle and polymkeric substance, it is characterized in that, this matrix material is by m part class fluid nanoparticle and 100-m part thermoplastic polymer of volume ratio, ℃ one-step moulding method that employing is commonly used is made in polymer melted temperature ± 20,0＜m≤10 wherein, described polymkeric substance comprises polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), nylon (PA) and polyester (Polyester), and described inorganic nano-particle comprises nano-calcium carbonate (CaCO
3), nano silicon (SiO
2) and nano titanium oxide (TiO
2), the particle diameter of its similar fluid inorganic nano particle is 5～40 nanometers.
The extrusion moulding preparation is adopted in the preparation of the matrix material of similar fluid inorganic nano particle of the present invention and polymkeric substance, and its method for making is; The mixed with polymers that by volume that m part is described class fluid nanoparticle and 100-m part are described is even, extrusion moulding is carried out in 0＜m≤10 in forcing machine, extrusion temperature is temperature of fusion ± 20 ℃ of polymkeric substance, 10～50 rev/mins of rotating speeds promptly obtain matrix material.
The preparation of the matrix material of similar fluid inorganic nano particle of the present invention and polymkeric substance, the preparation of employing injection moulding, its method for making is: by volume that m part described class fluid nanoparticle and the described mixed with polymers of 100-m part is even, 0＜m≤10, go into injection molding in the hopper of injector, mold temperature is temperature of fusion ± 20 ℃ of polymkeric substance, 10～50 rev/mins of rotating speeds, injection pressure 10～50 kilograms per centimeter
2, promptly obtain matrix material.
The rolling-molding method preparation is adopted in the preparation of the matrix material of similar fluid inorganic nano particle of the present invention and polymkeric substance, and its method for making is; The mixed with polymers that by volume that m part is described class fluid nanoparticle and 100-m part are described is even, 0＜m≤10, the material that mixes is carried out just mixing in forcing machine, extruder temperature is temperature of fusion ± 20 ℃ of polymkeric substance, 10～50 rev/mins of rotating speeds carry out calendering formation then on rolling press, temperature is in following 20 ℃～100 ℃ scopes of the temperature of fusion of polymkeric substance, 10～50 rev/mins of rotating speeds promptly obtain matrix material.
The used similar fluid inorganic nano particle of the present invention is the organosilicon quaternary ammonium salt of a class at inorganic nano-particle surface grafting long-chain, it is to be the solvent-free inorganic nano particle fluid of a class that the backbone by organosilicon quaternary ammonium salt and the Coulomb repulsion effect of organic ion salt make inorganic nano-particle have flowability under solvent-free state.
Preparation method's step of this kind solvent-free inorganic nano particle fluid is:
Step 1, pressing mass fraction, is 30%～60% organosilicon quaternary ammonium salt methanol solution with 100 parts of inorganic nano-particles and 20～100 parts of quality percentage compositions, and its molecular formula is (CH
3O)
3Si (CH
2)
nN
+(CH
3) (C
10H
21)
2Cl
-(n=1～20) add in the reactor ultra-sonic dispersion 10～50 minutes, reacted 12～60 hours down at 0 ℃～200 ℃, after having reacted, resultant deionized water and methyl alcohol repetitive scrubbing, dry 24～48 hours then, obtain inorganic nano-particle organic ion salt;
Step 2, press mass fraction, add 20～100 parts of sulfonate in 100 portions of inorganic nano-particle organic ion salt that step 1 obtains, molecular formula is R-(OCH
2CH
2)
m-O (CH
2)
3SO
3 -K
+(R=C
1-C
15, m=1～60), reacted 12～60 hours down at 0 ℃～200 ℃, collect resultant and extract with toluene, the back is scattered in residuum in the acetone at 30 ℃～100 ℃ following rotary evaporations several times repeatedly, centrifugation is after vacuum-drying obtains gelatinous solvent-free inorganic nano particle fluid;
Wherein, described inorganic nano-particle is nano silicon, nano-calcium carbonate or nano titanium oxide.
The matrix material of similar fluid inorganic nano particle of the present invention and polymkeric substance, because similar fluid inorganic nano particle is not having in the presence of the solvent, show the class I liquid I behavior, compound with polymkeric substance, similar fluid inorganic nano particle has toughness reinforcing, enhancing and plastification simultaneously to polymkeric substance, has improved the resistance to impact shock and the tensile strength of polymkeric substance significantly.Adopt the matrix material sample impact fracture of scanning electronic microscope observation with the present invention's preparation, find that clearly inorganic nano-particle is homodisperse between polymkeric substance external phase, consistency is good.This class matrix material is particularly useful for making clear sheet and film.
Working method of the present invention is simple to operate, low cost of manufacture, and the plasticity-of the similar fluid inorganic nano particle/polymer composites of preparation is strong, and shock resistance and tensile property effect are more obvious.And the present invention in process of production, saved the existing employed all kinds of SOLVENTS of all technology, protected environment, also simplified production technique simultaneously greatly, reduced product cost.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1. class fluid nanometer CaCO
3Scanning electron microscope (SEM) photo of particle/PVC matrix material
Can see that by Fig. 1 inorganic nano-particle is uniformly dispersed in polymkeric substance, and consistency is good.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
By volume with 3 parts of class fluid nanometer CaCO
3Particle (5～40 nanometer) and 97 parts PVC mix, and plasticizing mixes in forcing machine then, and temperature is 160 ± 20 ℃, 15 ± 5 rev/mins of rotating speeds, and calendering formation on rolling press at last, rolling temperature is 170 ± 10 ℃.Obtain the transparent composite film.Data are as follows:
Embodiment 2
8～10 parts class fluid nanometer SiO by volume
2Particle (5～20 nanometer) and 90～92 parts polypropylene mix, and under 175 ± 25 ℃, extrude 30 ± 10 rev/mins of screw speeds, preparation composite board in forcing machine.
Embodiment 3
2～5 parts class fluid nano-TiO by volume
2Particle (10～30 nanometer) and 95～97 parts polyester mix, and melt extrude granulation, and four sections Heating Zone Temperature are respectively 240 ℃, 260 ℃, 260 ℃ and 250 ℃ from the opening for feed to the extruder head, and screw speed is 30 rev/mins.Calendering formation on rolling press at last, temperature is respectively 220 ± 10 ℃.Can obtain class fluid TiO
2Particle/polyester composite sheet.Its mechanical property is as follows.
Embodiment 4
05 part class fluid nanometer CaCO by volume
3The polymer P E of particle (5～40 nanometer) and 99.5 parts mixes, and adds injection molding in the hopper of injector, and its each section of injector temperature is: one section 121 ℃, two sections are 150 ℃, three sections is 180 ℃, and nozzle is 190 ℃, and injection pressure is 25 kilograms per centimeter
2
Embodiment 5
10 parts class fluid nanometer SiO by volume
2The polymer P E of particle (5～20 nanometer) and 90 parts mixes, and adds injection molding in the hopper of injector, and its each section of injector temperature is: one section 121 ℃, two sections are 150 ℃, three sections is 180 ℃, and nozzle is 190 ℃, and injection pressure is 25 kilograms per centimeter
2
Embodiment 6
2 parts class fluid nano CaCO by volume
3Particle (5～40 nanometer) and 98 parts polyester mix, extruding pelletization in forcing machine then, and temperature is 200 ± 20 ℃.Pellet carries out injection molding in injector, its each section of injector temperature is: one section 240 ℃, two sections are 250 ℃, three sections is 260 ℃, and nozzle is 260 ℃, and injection pressure is 25 kilograms per centimeter
2
Embodiment 7
6 parts class fluid nanometer SiO by volume
2The polymer P S of particle (5～20 nanometer) and 94 parts mixes, extruding pelletization in forcing machine then, and temperature is 200 ± 20 ℃.Pellet carries out injection molding in injector, its each section of injector temperature is: one section 180 ℃, two sections are 190 ℃, three sections is 200 ℃, and nozzle is 220 ℃, and injection pressure is 25 kilograms per centimeter
2
Embodiment 8
8 parts class fluid nano-TiO by volume
2The polymer P A of particle (10～30 nanometer) and 92 parts mixes, and melt extrudes granulation, and four sections Heating Zone Temperature are respectively 240 ℃, 260 ℃, 260 ℃ and 250 ℃ from the opening for feed to the extruder head, and screw speed is 30 rev/mins.Calendering formation on rolling press at last, temperature is respectively 220 ± 10 ℃.
Claims (4)
1. the matrix material of similar fluid inorganic nano particle and polymkeric substance, it is characterized in that, this matrix material is by m part class fluid nanoparticle and 100-m part thermoplastic polymer of volume ratio, a ℃ once shaped mixes in polymer melted temperature ± 20,0＜m≤10 wherein, described polymkeric substance is selected from polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, nylon or polyester, described similar fluid inorganic nano particle is the solvent-free inorganic nano particle fluid of a class, make with the following method, preparation process is:
Step 1, pressing mass fraction, is 30%～60% organosilicon quaternary ammonium salt methanol solution with 100 parts of inorganic nano-particles and 20～100 parts of quality percentage compositions, and its molecular formula is (CH
3O)
3S
1(CH
2)
nN
+(CH
3) (C
10H
21)
2Cl
-N=1～20 add in the reactor, and ultra-sonic dispersion 10～50 minutes reacted 12～60 hours down at 0 ℃～200 ℃, after having reacted, resultant with deionized water and methyl alcohol repetitive scrubbing, dry 24～48 hours then, are obtained inorganic nano-particle organic ion salt;
Step 2, press mass fraction, add 20～100 parts of sulfonate in 100 portions of inorganic nano-particle organic ion salt that step 1 obtains, molecular formula is R-(OCH
2CH
2)
m-O (CH
2)
3SO
3 -K
+R=C
1-C
15, reacted 12～60 hours down at 0 ℃～200 ℃ m=1～60, collect resultant and extract with toluene, the back is scattered in residuum in the acetone at 30 ℃～100 ℃ following rotary evaporations several times repeatedly, centrifugation is after vacuum-drying obtains gelatinous solvent-free inorganic nano particle fluid;
Wherein, described inorganic nano-particle is nano silicon, nano-calcium carbonate or nano titanium oxide.
2. the preparation method of the matrix material of described similar fluid inorganic nano particle of claim 1 and polymkeric substance, it is characterized in that, the preparation of employing extrusion moulding, its method for making is: the mixed with polymers with the class fluid nanoparticle of m part and 100-m part is even by volume, extrusion moulding is carried out in 0＜m≤10 in forcing machine, extrusion temperature is temperature of fusion ± 20 ℃ of polymkeric substance, 10～50 rev/mins of rotating speeds promptly obtain matrix material.
3. the preparation method of the matrix material of described similar fluid inorganic nano particle of claim 1 and polymkeric substance, it is characterized in that, the preparation of employing injection moulding, its method for making is: the mixed with polymers with the class fluid nanoparticle of m part and 100-m part is even by volume, injection molding in the hopper of injector is gone in 0＜m≤10, and mold temperature is temperature of fusion ± 20 ℃ of polymkeric substance, rotating speed is 10～50 rev/mins, injection pressure 10～50 kilograms per centimeter
2, promptly obtain matrix material.
4. the preparation method of the matrix material of described similar fluid inorganic nano particle of claim 1 and polymkeric substance, it is characterized in that, the preparation of employing rolling-molding method, its method for making is: the mixed with polymers with the class fluid nanoparticle of m part and 100-m part is even by volume, 0＜m≤10, the material that mixes is carried out just mixing in forcing machine, extruder temperature is temperature of fusion ± 20 ℃ of polymkeric substance, 10～50 rev/mins of rotating speeds, on rolling press, carry out calendering formation then, temperature is that 10～50 rev/mins of rotating speeds promptly obtain matrix material in following 20 ℃～100 ℃ scopes of the temperature of fusion of polymkeric substance.
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|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2006101244545A CN100412126C (en) | 2006-09-05 | 2006-09-05 | Composite material of similar fluid inorganic nano particle and polymer and preparation thereof |
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| CN100412126C true CN100412126C (en) | 2008-08-20 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101423664B (en) * | 2007-10-29 | 2011-05-18 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | Reinforced nylon composition and preparation method thereof |
| CN101445616B (en) * | 2008-12-19 | 2012-11-07 | 东华大学 | Method for preparing porous nylon-titanium dioxide nanometer composite particles |
| CN102102004B (en) * | 2010-12-28 | 2014-03-12 | 东莞市普赛达密封粘胶有限公司 | Nano-silica fluid modified polyurethane sealant with silyl end group and preparation method thereof |
| EP2660268B1 (en) * | 2010-12-28 | 2019-08-07 | Shanghai Genius Advanced Material (Group) Co. Ltd | Nano particle/polyamide composite material, preparation method therefor, and use thereof |
| CN102555136B (en) * | 2010-12-29 | 2017-02-22 | 广东天安新材料股份有限公司 | Manufacturing method of high-transparency polypropylene calendered sheet |
| CN103360801B (en) * | 2013-07-22 | 2015-07-01 | 华南理工大学 | Novel nano-fluid and its preparation method and application thereof |
| CN106336661A (en) * | 2016-10-08 | 2017-01-18 | 柳州增程材料科技有限公司 | Method for preparing reinforced and toughened composite material |
| CN106433118A (en) * | 2016-10-08 | 2017-02-22 | 柳州增程材料科技有限公司 | Technology for processing reinforced and toughened nylon composite |
| CN109721887A (en) | 2018-12-29 | 2019-05-07 | 武汉华星光电技术有限公司 | The preparation method of high molecule nano composite material |
| CN112143136A (en) * | 2020-09-29 | 2020-12-29 | 安徽环嘉天一再生资源有限公司 | Processing technology of heat-insulation sound-insulation recycled plastic tile |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
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| EP1645590A1 (en) * | 2004-10-06 | 2006-04-12 | Laviosa Chimica Mineraria S.p.A. | Process for making a flameproof composition |
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2006
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1228443A (en) * | 1999-01-19 | 1999-09-15 | 中山大学 | Nanometre inorganic particle toughened reinforced plastics and preparation method thereof |
| CN1358803A (en) * | 2000-12-15 | 2002-07-17 | 四川大学 | Method for surface modifying inorganic particle |
| EP1645590A1 (en) * | 2004-10-06 | 2006-04-12 | Laviosa Chimica Mineraria S.p.A. | Process for making a flameproof composition |
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