CN100410646C - Ultrasonic method and equipment for measuring solid viscosity - Google Patents
Ultrasonic method and equipment for measuring solid viscosity Download PDFInfo
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- CN100410646C CN100410646C CNB2005100401883A CN200510040188A CN100410646C CN 100410646 C CN100410646 C CN 100410646C CN B2005100401883 A CNB2005100401883 A CN B2005100401883A CN 200510040188 A CN200510040188 A CN 200510040188A CN 100410646 C CN100410646 C CN 100410646C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a method and a device for measuring the inherent viscosity of solid chemical products by using ultrasonic waves. The viscosity is an important physical property of fluid, but a plurality of products are in a solid form. Experiments of material mechanics show that the relation eta=alphaE exists between the elastic modulus E and the viscosity eta; acoustics experiments show that the following relation v=betaE/rho exists between the elastic modulus E and the acoustic speed v; the elastic modulus E is used as a bridge of the viscosity eta and the acoustic speed v, and a certain association eta=alpha rho v/beta=Kv exists between the acoustic speed and the viscosity; therefore, the method and the device for measuring solid viscosity by ultrasonic waves are designed. Compared with a liquid viscosimeter, the solid viscosimeter has the characteristics of low cost, small size, light weight, no intervention and good usability. The method of viscosity measurement is fundamentally innovated because of the characteristics, and therefore, the ultrasonic solid viscosimeter has wide application prospects.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of measuring method and device of chemical products viscosity, particularly a kind of ultrasound wave that utilizes is directly measured chemical products method of viscosity and device under solid state.
Background technology
Viscosity is an important physical of fluid, and this specific character is liquid is subjected to the internal friction that presented when the external force effect is flowed between fluid molecule performance.In industrial a lot of fields, viscosity also is one of important parameter that characterizes product quality.
The classic method of viscosity measurement mainly contains capillary tube technique (Yu Jianlin, " principle and the application [J] of capillary viscosimeter automatically ", analytical instrument, 2003,1:26～29).The principle of capillary viscosity measuring method is based on the Hagen-Poiseuille law: when fluid was flowed through kapillary with certain flow, the pressure differential Δ p that produces at the kapillary two ends was directly proportional with the kinetic viscosity η of fluid, promptly
Δp＝k·η
Capillary viscosimeter is the most effective viscosity meter at present, usually as the in-line viscometer in the Chemical Manufacture.But its shortcoming also is tangible:
A) temperature is to influence the very important parameter that capillary viscosimeter is measured, and variation of temperature can have influence on the precision of viscosity measurement, and the temperature survey fault often causes the kapillary pressurized too high and damage.
B) need to safeguard frequently and meticulously.Both disturb production, strengthened operating cost again.
C) media attachment influences viscosity meter and normally measures on kapillary.
Above-mentioned reason causes the in-line viscometer in the Chemical Manufacture to perform practically no function.
D) price is too high.
Owing to above reason, make that general medium-sized and small enterprises do not adopt in-line viscometer in the Chemical Manufacture.
These significant deficiency of capillary viscosimeter are seriously restricting its application, have also had a strong impact on the stable raising of product quality.Explore new viscosity measurement principle, fundamentally innovate the viscosity measurement means, significant meaning and wide application prospect are undoubtedly arranged.
Viscosity originally is the physical characteristics of fluid, but many products are often sold with the form of solid again, so, explore viscosity and the mechanical quantity of solid matter and the relation of acoustics amount, research measuring solid viscosity method both can be simplified the viscosity measurement process, can realize the online viscosity measurement of solid matter again, do not appear in the newspapers as yet in the work home and abroad of this respect.
And the inventor thinks by research, and chemical products are under the high temperature fused state, and material mechanics experiment shows: there are certain relation in liquid adiabatic compression ratio and viscosity; The acoustics experiment shows: there are certain relation in the liquid adiabatic compression ratio and the velocity of sound.Its conclusion is: the liquid adiabatic compression ratio is as the bridge of the viscosity and the velocity of sound, make had between the velocity of sound and the viscosity certain related.Based on this theory, making the present invention utilize ultrasound wave directly to measure chemical products viscosity under solid state becomes possibility.
Summary of the invention
First purpose of the present invention provides a kind of chemical products method of viscosity of measuring under solid state.
Second purpose of the present invention provides a kind of device of measuring chemical products viscosity under solid state.
For reaching above-mentioned first purpose, the technical solution used in the present invention is: a kind of ultrasonic solid viscosity measurement method, a solid sample is folded up between ultrasonic transmitter and ultrasonic receiver, the ultrasound wave that ultrasonic transmitter sends is divided into two parts, part ultrasound wave bo1 propagates by solid sample and arrives at ultrasonic receiver, and another part ultrasound wave bo2 arrives at ultrasonic receiver by propagating with the air dielectric of solid sample same thickness; Measure the time t that ultrasound wave bo1 passes solid sample respectively then
SamplePass the time t of air dielectric with ultrasound wave bo2
Air, and utilize formula (1) to calculate the viscosities il of solid sample:
η=k * [v
Sample]
2=k * [v
Air* t
Air/ t
Sample]
2(1)
In the formula: η is the limiting viscosity of solid sample to be measured;
v
SampleThe speed of in solid sample to be measured, propagating for ultrasound wave;
v
AirThe speed of in air, propagating for ultrasound wave;
t
AirThe time of in air, propagating for ultrasound wave;
t
SampleThe time of in solid sample to be measured, propagating for ultrasound wave;
K is sticking fast coefficient;
Sticking fast coefficient k adopts one of following two kinds of interpolation computing methods to obtain:
1., an interpolation calculation, adopt two standard solid samples of high and low value, be respectively η at known high and low two standard solid sample character viscosity numbers
HighAnd η
LowPrerequisite under, utilize above-mentioned ultrasonic solid viscosity measurement method to measure the time t that ultrasound wave bo1 passes high value standard solid sample respectively
HighPass the time t of the air dielectric of same thickness with ultrasound wave bo2
High'; Ultrasound wave bo1 passes the time t of low value standard solid sample
LowPass the time t of the air dielectric of same thickness with ultrasound wave bo2
Low', and substitution formula (1) calculates k respectively
HighAnd k
Low, then sticking fast coefficient k is represented by formula (2):
In the formula: k is sticking fast coefficient;
k
HighSticking fast coefficient for high value standard solid sample;
k
LowSticking fast coefficient for low value standard solid sample;
t
SampleThe time of in solid sample to be measured, propagating for ultrasound wave;
t
HighThe time of in high value standard solid sample, propagating for ultrasound wave;
t
LowThe time of in low value standard solid sample, propagating for ultrasound wave;
2., quadratic interpolation calculates, and adopts three standard solid samples of high, medium and low value, is respectively η at known high, medium and low three standard solid sample character viscosity numbers
High, η
InAnd η
LowPrerequisite under, utilize described ultrasonic solid viscosity measurement method to measure the time t that ultrasound wave bo1 passes high value standard solid sample respectively
HighPass the time t of the air dielectric of same thickness with ultrasound wave bo2
High'; Ultrasound wave bo1 passes the time t of intermediate value standard solid sample
InPass the time t of the air dielectric of same thickness with ultrasound wave bo2
In'; Ultrasound wave bo1 passes the time t of low value standard solid sample
LowPass the time t of the air dielectric of same thickness with ultrasound wave bo2
Low', and substitution formula (1) calculates k respectively
High, k
InAnd k
Low, then sticking fast coefficient k is represented by formula (3):
In the formula: k is sticking fast coefficient;
k
HighSticking fast coefficient for high value standard solid sample;
k
InSticking fast coefficient for intermediate value standard solid sample;
k
LowSticking fast coefficient for low value standard solid sample;
t
SampleThe time of in solid sample to be measured, propagating for ultrasound wave;
t
HighThe time of in high value standard solid sample, propagating for ultrasound wave;
t
InThe time of in intermediate value standard solid sample, propagating for ultrasound wave;
t
LowThe time of in low value standard solid sample, propagating for ultrasound wave.
Related content in the technique scheme is explained as follows:
1, be that chemical products are under the solid state about measuring principle of the present invention: material mechanics experiment shows: there are following relation in elastic modulus and limiting viscosity
η＝αE (A)
In the formula: η is limiting viscosity (dl/g)
α is the sticking to mould coefficient
E is elastic modulus (Pa)
The acoustics experiment shows: there are following relation in the elastic modulus and the velocity of sound
In the formula: v is the velocity of sound (m/s)
β is fast mode coefficient
ρ is density (kg/m3)
Conclusion: elastic modulus is as the bridge of the viscosity and the velocity of sound, makes related below having had between the velocity of sound and the viscosity
In the formula: k is sticking fast coefficient
Because v
Sample=v
Air* t
Air/ t
Sample(d)
In the formula: v
SampleThe speed of in solid sample to be measured, propagating for ultrasound wave
v
AirThe speed of in air, propagating for ultrasound wave
t
AirThe time of in air, propagating for ultrasound wave
t
SampleThe time of in solid sample to be measured, propagating for ultrasound wave
Formula (d) substitution formula (c) is obtained formula (1):
η=k * [v
Air* t
Air/ t
Sample]
2(1)
Based on above-mentioned principle, obtain ultrasonic solid viscosity measurement formula (1).
2, in the such scheme, about the method for clamping between solid sample and ultrasonic transmitter and the ultrasonic receiver, can be that ultrasonic transmitter and ultrasonic receiver are designed to a kind of relatively-movable slip clamp platform face-to-face, before the test, solid sample to be measured is folded up between ultrasonic transmitter that be arranged in parallel and ultrasonic receiver, and make ultrasonic transmitter and the ultrasonic receiver opposite flank of contact measured solid sample respectively.
3, in the such scheme, pass the method that time of solid sample and air dielectric adopts and be about measuring ultrasound wave: utilize two counter count1, count2 and control system, hyperacoustic emission and reception are controlled and measured, when beginning to send ultrasound wave hour counter count1, ultrasonic transmitter begins counting, ultrasound wave bo1 pass solid sample to be measured arrive at ultrasonic receiver hour counter count1 stop the counting, this hour counter count1 notes the time t that ultrasound wave bo1 passes solid sample
SampleStop paying out ultrasound wave hour counter count2 when ultrasonic transmitter and begin counting, do not receive ultrasound wave bo2 hour counter count2 at ultrasonic receiver and stop counting, this hour counter count2 notes the time t that ultrasound wave bo2 passes air dielectric
AirThe limiting viscosity η of described calculating solid sample utilizes microprocessor system to calculate by Automatic Program and show test results.
4, in the such scheme, to calculate in order further simplifying, can to carry out linearization process to formula (1), concrete grammar is: the inherent viscosity η of solid sample to be measured is designed in advance at high and low two standard solid sample viscosity number η
High, η
LowBetween, because from formula (1) the limiting viscosity η of solid sample and the speed v that ultrasound wave is propagated solid sample as can be known
SampleBetween be quadratic function relation, i.e. η=k * [v
Sample]
2, when the inherent viscosity η of solid sample to be measured between high and low two standard solid sample viscosity number η
High, η
LowBetween, and when controlling certain difference range, can think that according to the differential principle this section quafric curve is approximately straight line, and difference range is more little accurate more, and at this moment, formula (1) can be replaced by formula (4):
η=k ' * v
Sample+ b=k ' * [v
Air* t
Air/ t
Sample]+b (4)
In the formula: η is the limiting viscosity of solid sample to be measured;
v
SampleThe speed of in solid sample to be measured, propagating for ultrasound wave;
v
AirThe speed of in air, propagating for ultrasound wave;
t
AirThe time of in air, propagating for ultrasound wave;
t
SampleThe time of in solid sample to be measured, propagating for ultrasound wave;
B is a constant term;
K ' is sticking fast coefficient;
K ' and b adopt an interpolation computing method to obtain: promptly adopt two standard solid samples of high and low value, be respectively η at known high and low two standard solid sample character viscosity numbers
HighAnd η
LowPrerequisite under, utilize above ultrasonic solid viscosity measurement method to measure the time t that ultrasound wave bo1 passes high value standard solid sample respectively
HighPass the time t of the air dielectric of same thickness with ultrasound wave bo2
High'; Ultrasound wave bo1 passes the time t of low value standard solid sample
LowPass the time t of the air dielectric of same thickness with ultrasound wave bo2
Low', and substitution formula (4) is calculated k ' and b by the linear equation in two unknowns batch total respectively.
5, in the such scheme, consider the sensitivity of sample to be tested, ultrasonic transmitter can be designed to frequency adjustable, to adapt to different solid samples a certain ultrasound wave wavelength, its objective is for ultrasonic receiver can normally be received, not essential factor signal attenuation and do not receive signal.Ultrasonic frequency is adjustable can be realized by circuit, such as controlling frequency of ultrasonic with microprocessor.
6, in the such scheme, in order to guarantee the normal of received signal, ultrasonic receiver should be considered the reception to bo1 and bo2 respectively, and promptly ultrasonic receiver receives and handle a part of ultrasound wave bo1 and another part ultrasound wave bo2 respectively with two kinds of different enlargement factors.This because bo1 propagates in solid sample to be measured, because sample is a solid, density is big, so the signal when arriving at receiver is big, and bo2 propagates in air, because the density of air is little, so the signal when arriving at receiver is little.Therefore, if do not adopt two kinds of enlargement factors respectively bo1 and bo2 to be received, signal that might bo2 does not receive.If adopt two ultrasonic receivers respectively bo1 and bo2 to be received, can adopt different enlargement factors to receive respectively and handle with bo2 by corresponding bo1; If adopt a ultrasonic receiver, can consider that two kinds of enlargement factors handle bo1 and bo2 respectively, these are controlled by program.
For reaching above-mentioned second purpose, the technical solution used in the present invention is: a kind of ultrasonic solid device for measuring viscosity comprises ultrasonic generator, ultrasonic receiver, microprocessor and sample clamping mechanism; Described microprocessor comprises CPU, two counter count1, count2, storer, controller and I/O mouths; Described sample clamping mechanism is provided with face-to-face by clamping device by a fixed station and slip clamp platform and forms, in ultrasonic generator and the ultrasonic receiver, one is arranged on the fixed station, another is arranged on the slip clamp platform, and forming a parallel grasping part between the receiving plane of the surface of emission of ultrasonic generator and ultrasonic receiver, ultrasonic generator is connected with the I/O mouth of microprocessor by interface circuit respectively with ultrasonic receiver.
Related content in the technique scheme is explained as follows:
1, in the such scheme, described clamping device is made of slide mechanism, and this slide mechanism is connected to form by sliding pair by a fixture and a sliding part, and described fixture is fixedlyed connected with fixed station, and sliding part is fixedlyed connected with the slip clamp platform.
2, in the such scheme,, be provided with the screw thread pair driving mechanism of control sliding stroke between described fixture and the sliding part in order to transfer the sliding stroke of clamping device.
Because the technique scheme utilization, the present invention compared with prior art has following advantage and effect:
1, the present invention is based on the mechanics of materials and acoustics experimental study, with the bridge of elastic modulus E as viscosities il and velocity of sound v, sets up related between viscosities il and the velocity of sound v, utilizes ultrasound wave directly to measure the limiting viscosity of solid sample on this basis.This method has been broken the traditional approach that in the past can only measure viscosity under liquid state, has substantive distinguishing features and technical progress significantly.
2, the online device for measuring viscosity of ultrasonic solid according to principle of the invention design is a kind of noncontact and non-intervention type measurement instrument, ultrasound wave can penetrate chemical products, but do not change the running status of system, can not destroy the flow field of detected fluid, can not cause any extra pressure loss yet.So its outstanding advantage is to detect reliably, measures rapidly, the instrument and meter equipment that is developed into is more cheap, simple installation, and availability is good, and the life-span is long, does not disturb production technology.
3, according to the ultrasonic solid device for measuring viscosity of principle of the invention design have that cost is low, volume is little, in light weight, easy to operate, characteristics such as test is rapid.In the check of polyester slice, test successfully at present.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing 1 is ultrasonic solid viscosity sensor structure principle chart of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples the present invention is further described:
Embodiment one: referring to shown in Figure 1, a kind of ultrasonic solid viscosity measurement method consists of the following components:
1, ultrasonic transmitter and ultrasonic receiver are designed to a kind of relatively-movable slip clamp platform face-to-face, before the test, solid sample to be measured is folded up between ultrasonic transmitter that be arranged in parallel and ultrasonic receiver, and make ultrasonic transmitter and the ultrasonic receiver opposite flank of contact measured solid sample respectively.
2, the ultrasound wave that sends of ultrasonic transmitter is divided into two parts, and a part of ultrasound wave bo1 propagates by solid sample and arrives at ultrasonic receiver, and another part ultrasound wave bo2 arrives at ultrasonic receiver by propagating with the air dielectric of solid sample same thickness.
3, utilize two counter count1, count2 and control system in the microprocessor, hyperacoustic emission and reception are controlled and measured, when beginning to send ultrasound wave hour counter count1, ultrasonic transmitter begins counting, ultrasound wave bo1 pass solid sample to be measured arrive at ultrasonic receiver hour counter count1 stop the counting, this hour counter count1 notes the time t that ultrasound wave bo1 passes solid sample
SampleStop paying out ultrasound wave hour counter count2 when ultrasonic transmitter and begin counting, do not receive ultrasound wave bo2 hour counter count2 at ultrasonic receiver and stop counting, this hour counter count2 notes the time t that ultrasound wave bo2 passes air dielectric
Air
4, utilize microprocessor system to calculate by Automatic Program and show test results.Wherein, computing formula is: η=k ' * v
Sample+ b=k ' * [v
Air* t
Air/ t
Sample]+b (4)
In the formula: η is the limiting viscosity of solid sample to be measured;
v
SampleThe speed of in solid sample to be measured, propagating for ultrasound wave;
v
AirThe speed of in air, propagating for ultrasound wave;
t
AirThe time of in air, propagating for ultrasound wave;
t
SampleThe time of in solid sample to be measured, propagating for ultrasound wave;
B is a constant term;
K ' is sticking fast coefficient;
K ' and b adopt an interpolation computing method to obtain: promptly adopt two standard solid samples of high and low value, be respectively η at known high and low two standard solid sample character viscosity numbers
HighAnd η
LowPrerequisite under, utilize above ultrasonic solid viscosity measurement method to measure the time t that ultrasound wave bo1 passes high value standard solid sample respectively
HighPass the time t of the air dielectric of same thickness with ultrasound wave bo2
High'; Ultrasound wave bo1 passes the time t of low value standard solid sample
LowPass the time t of the air dielectric of same thickness with ultrasound wave bo2
Low', and substitution formula (4) is calculated k ' and b by the linear equation in two unknowns batch total respectively.
Embodiment two: a kind of ultrasonic solid viscosity measurement method, and be with the difference of embodiment one: the formula of estimated performance viscosity is:
η=k * [v
Sample]
2=k * [v
Air* t
Air/ t
Sample]
2(1)
In the formula: η is the limiting viscosity of solid sample to be measured;
v
SampleThe speed of in solid sample to be measured, propagating for ultrasound wave;
v
AirThe speed of in air, propagating for ultrasound wave;
t
AirThe time of in air, propagating for ultrasound wave;
t
SampleThe time of in solid sample to be measured, propagating for ultrasound wave;
K is sticking fast coefficient;
Sticking fast coefficient k adopts one of following two kinds of interpolation computing methods to obtain:
1., an interpolation calculation, adopt two standard solid samples of high and low value, be respectively η at known high and low two standard solid sample character viscosity numbers
HighAnd η
LowPrerequisite under, utilize described ultrasonic solid viscosity measurement method to measure the time t that ultrasound wave bo1 passes high value standard solid sample respectively
HighPass the time t of the air dielectric of same thickness with ultrasound wave bo2
High'; Ultrasound wave bo1 passes the time t of low value standard solid sample
LowPass the time t of the air dielectric of same thickness with ultrasound wave bo2
Low', and substitution formula (1) calculates k respectively
HighAnd k
Low, then sticking fast coefficient k is represented by formula (2):
In the formula: k is sticking fast coefficient;
k
HighSticking fast coefficient for high value standard solid sample;
k
LowSticking fast coefficient for low value standard solid sample;
t
SampleThe time of in solid sample to be measured, propagating for ultrasound wave;
t
HighThe time of in high value standard solid sample, propagating for ultrasound wave;
t
LowThe time of in low value standard solid sample, propagating for ultrasound wave;
2., quadratic interpolation calculates, and adopts three standard solid samples of high, medium and low value, is respectively η at known high, medium and low three standard solid sample character viscosity numbers
High, η
InAnd η
LowPrerequisite under, utilize described ultrasonic solid viscosity measurement method to measure the time t that ultrasound wave bo1 passes high value standard solid sample respectively
HighPass the time t of the air dielectric of same thickness with ultrasound wave bo2
High'; Ultrasound wave bo1 passes the time t of intermediate value standard solid sample
InPass the time t of the air dielectric of same thickness with ultrasound wave bo2
In'; Ultrasound wave bo1 passes the time t of low value standard solid sample
LowPass the time t of the air dielectric of same thickness with ultrasound wave bo2
Low', and substitution formula (1) calculates k respectively
High, k
InAnd k
Low, then sticking fast coefficient k is represented by formula (3):
In the formula: k is sticking fast coefficient;
k
HighSticking fast coefficient for high value standard solid sample;
k
InSticking fast coefficient for intermediate value standard solid sample;
k
LowSticking fast coefficient for low value standard solid sample;
t
SampleThe time of in solid sample to be measured, propagating for ultrasound wave;
t
HighThe time of in high value standard solid sample, propagating for ultrasound wave;
t
InThe time of in intermediate value standard solid sample, propagating for ultrasound wave;
t
LowThe time of in low value standard solid sample, propagating for ultrasound wave.
Other is identical with embodiment one, no longer repeats here.
Embodiment three: referring to shown in Figure 1, a kind of ultrasonic solid viscosity sensor is made up of a ultrasonic generator, ultrasonic receiver, single-chip microcomputer and a sample clamping mechanism.Described single-chip microcomputer is the PIC16F876 single-chip microcomputer, comprises CPU, two counter count1, count2, storer, controller, the unit of display and I/O mouths.Described sample clamping mechanism is provided with face-to-face by clamping device by a fixed station and slip clamp platform and forms, and ultrasonic generator is located on the slip clamp platform, and is positioned at the top, and ultrasonic receiver is located on the fixed station, and is positioned at the below.Form a parallel grasping part between the surface of emission of ultrasonic generator and the receiving plane of ultrasonic receiver.Described clamping device is made of slide mechanism, and this slide mechanism is connected to form by sliding pair by a fixture and a sliding part, and described fixture is fixedlyed connected with fixed station, and sliding part is fixedlyed connected with the slip clamp platform.Be provided with the screw thread pair driving mechanism of control sliding stroke between described fixture and the sliding part.
Ultrasonic generator is connected with the I/O mouth of single-chip microcomputer by interface circuit respectively with ultrasonic receiver.In the design of ultrasonic transmitter, consider the sensitivity of sample to be tested to a certain ultrasound wave wavelength, ultrasonic transmitter is designed to frequency adjustable, to adapt to different solid samples, its objective is for ultrasonic receiver can normally be received, not essential factor signal attenuation and do not receive signal.Ultrasonic frequency is adjustable can be realized by circuit, such as controlling frequency of ultrasonic with microprocessor.
In order to guarantee the normal of received signal, ultrasonic receiver should be considered the reception to bo1 and bo2 respectively, and promptly ultrasonic receiver receives and handle a part of ultrasound wave bo1 and another part ultrasound wave bo2 respectively with two kinds of different enlargement factors.This because bo1 propagates in solid sample to be measured, because sample is a solid, density is big, so the signal when arriving at receiver is big, and bo2 propagates in air, because the density of air is little, so the signal when arriving at receiver is little.Therefore, if do not adopt two kinds of enlargement factors respectively bo1 and bo2 to be received, signal that might bo2 does not receive.
Ultrasonic transmitter and ultrasonic receiver are made of polyvinyladine floride PVDF (PolyvinylideneFluoride) material, and transmitter portion can be slided in the chute of folder platform, can clamp sample to be tested between transmitter and the receiver.
The ultrasound wave that transmitter sends can be divided into two parts, and that propagate in solid sample to be measured is bo1, and that propagate in air is bo2.During emission, bo1 arrives at receiver prior to bo2; When stopping to launch, disappear to receiver in bo1 behind the bo2.
The major function of single-chip microcomputer intelligence control system has:
(1) determines the viscosity number of two high and low standard samples;
(2) the viscosity number η of test sample to be tested, it should be between two high and low viscosity numbers;
(3) change frequency of ultrasonic, to adapt to sample to be tested;
(4) the automatic reception of regulating bo1, bo2;
(5) show test results automatically.
The course of work is as follows:
1) ultrasonic transmitter sends ultrasound wave, and the counter count1 in the single-chip computer control system begins counting;
2) ultrasound wave bo1 penetrates solid sample to be measured and arrives at ultrasonic receiver, and counter count1 stops counting, and at this moment, the reading of count1 is t
Sample
3) ultrasonic transmitter is stopped paying out ultrasound wave, and monolithic counter count2 begins counting;
When 4) ultrasonic receiver did not receive ultrasound wave bo2, the counting count2 of single-chip microcomputer stopped counting, and at this moment, the reading of count2 is t
Air
5) utilize Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system to calculate by Automatic Program and show test results.Wherein, computing formula is: η=k ' * v
Sample+ b=k ' * [v
Air* t
Air/ t
Sample]+b (4)
In the formula: η is the limiting viscosity of solid sample to be measured;
v
SampleThe speed of in solid sample to be measured, propagating for ultrasound wave;
v
AirThe speed of in air, propagating for ultrasound wave;
t
AirThe time of in air, propagating for ultrasound wave;
t
SampleThe time of in solid sample to be measured, propagating for ultrasound wave;
B is a constant term;
K ' is sticking fast coefficient;
K ' and b adopt an interpolation computing method to obtain: promptly adopt two standard solid samples of high and low value, be respectively η at known high and low two standard solid sample character viscosity numbers
HighAnd η
LowPrerequisite under, utilize above ultrasonic solid viscosity measurement method to measure the time t that ultrasound wave bo1 passes high value standard solid sample respectively
HighPass the time t of the air dielectric of same thickness with ultrasound wave bo2
High'; Ultrasound wave bo1 passes the time t of low value standard solid sample
LowPass the time t of the air dielectric of same thickness with ultrasound wave bo2
Low', and substitution formula (4) is calculated k ' and b by the linear equation in two unknowns batch total respectively.
The measure that improves precision is as follows:
The precision of a viscosity meter is that 0.05 grade, viscosity measurement scope are 0.500～1.000, should, it be a measuring accuracy than higher instrument, but its error of absolute method of measurement still can reach
(1.000-0.500)×0.05＝0.025
Same precision adopts the present invention, and its error of absolute method of measurement only is
(high viscosity sample viscosity number-low viscosity sample viscosity number) * 0.05
＝(0.700-0.600)×0.05
＝0.005
Experiment structure and comparison:
Yizheng Fiber Optical plant polyester three skill matter sections of factory test with capillary viscosimeter and ultrasonic solid viscosity sensor respectively 10 standard polyester samples, and following table 1 is a test result:
| Instrument/sample | 0.600 | 0.620 | 0.649 | 0.649 | 0.650 | 0.650 | 0.651 | 0.651 | 0.680 | 0.700 |
| Capillary viscosimeter | 0.61 | 0.61 | 0.65 | 0.65 | 0.65 | 0.65 | 0.65 | 0.65 | 0.68 | 0.69 |
| Ultrasonic viscometer | 0.600 | 0.617 | 0.648 | 0.649 | 0.650 | 0.650 | 0.650 | 0.650 | 0.678 | 0.700 |
Last table shows:
The capillary viscosimeter precision is lower, but can meet the demands.Ultrasonic solid viscosity sensor is a kind of intelligence instrument, it is defined as the high viscosity sample 0.700, the low viscosity sample is defined as 0.600, tests the sample to be tested between the high low viscosity then, obviously, for last table, its measuring accuracy exceeds an order of magnitude than traditional viscosity meter.
The foregoing description only is explanation technical conceive of the present invention and characteristics, and its purpose is to allow the personage who is familiar with this technology can understand content of the present invention and enforcement according to this, can not limit protection scope of the present invention with this.All equivalences that spirit is done according to the present invention change or modify, and all should be encompassed within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. ultrasonic solid viscosity measurement method, it is characterized in that: a solid sample is folded up between ultrasonic transmitter and ultrasonic receiver, the ultrasound wave that ultrasonic transmitter sends is divided into two parts, part ultrasound wave bo1 propagates by solid sample and arrives at ultrasonic receiver, and another part ultrasound wave bo2 arrives at ultrasonic receiver by propagating with the air dielectric of solid sample same thickness; Measure the time t that ultrasound wave bo1 passes solid sample then respectively
SamplePass the time t of air dielectric with ultrasound wave bo2
Air, and utilize formula (1) to calculate the viscosities il of solid sample:
η=k * [v
Sample]
2=k * [v
Air* t
Air/ t
Sample]
2(1)
In the formula: η is the limiting viscosity of solid sample to be measured;
v
SampleThe speed of in solid sample to be measured, propagating for ultrasound wave;
v
AirThe speed of in air, propagating for ultrasound wave;
t
AirThe time of in air, propagating for ultrasound wave;
t
SampleThe time of in solid sample to be measured, propagating for ultrasound wave;
K is sticking fast coefficient;
Sticking fast coefficient k adopts one of following two kinds of interpolation computing methods to obtain:
1., an interpolation calculation, adopt two standard solid samples of high and low value, be respectively η at known high and low two standard solid sample character viscosity numbers
HighAnd η
LowPrerequisite under, utilize above-mentioned ultrasonic solid viscosity measurement method to measure the time t that ultrasound wave bo1 passes high value standard solid sample respectively
HighPass the time t of the air dielectric of same thickness with ultrasound wave bo2
High'; Ultrasound wave bo1 passes the time t of low value standard solid sample
LowPass the time t of the air dielectric of same thickness with ultrasound wave bo2
Low', and substitution formula (1) calculates k respectively
HighAnd k
Low, then sticking fast coefficient k is represented by formula (2):
In the formula: k is sticking fast coefficient;
k
HighSticking fast coefficient for high value standard solid sample;
k
LowSticking fast coefficient for low value standard solid sample;
t
SampleThe time of in solid sample to be measured, propagating for ultrasound wave;
t
HighThe time of in high value standard solid sample, propagating for ultrasound wave;
t
LowThe time of in low value standard solid sample, propagating for ultrasound wave;
2., quadratic interpolation calculates, and adopts three standard solid samples of high, medium and low value, is respectively η at known high, medium and low three standard solid sample character viscosity numbers
High, η
InAnd η
LowPrerequisite under, utilize described ultrasonic solid viscosity measurement method to measure the time t that ultrasound wave bo1 passes high value standard solid sample respectively
HighPass the time t of the air dielectric of same thickness with ultrasound wave bo2
High'; Ultrasound wave bo1 passes the time t of intermediate value standard solid sample
InPass the time t of the air dielectric of same thickness with ultrasound wave bo2
In'; Ultrasound wave bo1 passes the time t of low value standard solid sample
LowPass the time t of the air dielectric of same thickness with ultrasound wave bo2
Low', and substitution formula (1) calculates k respectively
High, k
InAnd k
Low, then sticking fast coefficient k is represented by formula (3):
In the formula: k is sticking fast coefficient;
k
HighSticking fast coefficient for high value standard solid sample;
k
InSticking fast coefficient for intermediate value standard solid sample;
k
LowSticking fast coefficient for low value standard solid sample;
t
SampleThe time of in solid sample to be measured, propagating for ultrasound wave;
t
HighThe time of in high value standard solid sample, propagating for ultrasound wave;
t
InThe time of in intermediate value standard solid sample, propagating for ultrasound wave;
t
LowThe time of in low value standard solid sample, propagating for ultrasound wave.
2. ultrasonic solid viscosity measurement method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: it is that ultrasonic transmitter and ultrasonic receiver are designed to a kind of relatively-movable slip clamp platform face-to-face that described solid sample folds up, before the test, solid sample to be measured is folded up between ultrasonic transmitter that be arranged in parallel and ultrasonic receiver, and make ultrasonic transmitter and the ultrasonic receiver opposite flank of contact measured solid sample respectively;
The time that described measurement ultrasound wave passes solid sample and air dielectric is to utilize two counter count1, count2 and control system, hyperacoustic emission and reception are controlled and measured, when beginning to send ultrasound wave hour counter count1, ultrasonic transmitter begins counting, ultrasound wave bo1 pass solid sample to be measured arrive at ultrasonic receiver hour counter count1 stop the counting, this hour counter count1 notes the time t that ultrasound wave bo1 passes solid sample
SampleStop paying out ultrasound wave hour counter count2 when ultrasonic transmitter and begin counting, do not receive ultrasound wave bo2 hour counter count2 at ultrasonic receiver and stop counting, this hour counter count2 notes the time t that ultrasound wave bo2 passes air dielectric
Air
The limiting viscosity η of described calculating solid sample utilizes microprocessor system to calculate by Automatic Program and show test results.
3. ultrasonic solid viscosity measurement method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the inherent viscosity η of solid sample to be measured is designed in advance at high and low two standard solid sample viscosity number η
High, η
LowBetween formula (1) is carried out linearization process because from formula (1) the limiting viscosity η of solid sample and the speed v that ultrasound wave is propagated solid sample as can be known
SampleBetween be quadratic function relation, i.e. η=k * [v
Sample]
2, when the inherent viscosity η of solid sample to be measured between high and low two standard solid sample viscosity number η
High, η
LowBetween the time, formula (1) is replaced by formula (4):
η=k ' * v
Sample+ b=k ' * [v
Air* t
Air/ t
Sample]+b (4)
In the formula: η is the limiting viscosity of solid sample to be measured;
v
SampleThe speed of in solid sample to be measured, propagating for ultrasound wave;
v
AirThe speed of in air, propagating for ultrasound wave;
t
AirThe time of in air, propagating for ultrasound wave;
t
SampleThe time of in solid sample to be measured, propagating for ultrasound wave;
B is a constant term;
K ' is sticking fast coefficient;
K ' and b adopt an interpolation computing method to obtain: promptly adopt two standard solid samples of high and low value, be respectively η at known high and low two standard solid sample character viscosity numbers
HighAnd η
LowPrerequisite under, utilize above ultrasonic solid viscosity measurement method to measure the time t that ultrasound wave bo1 passes high value standard solid sample respectively
HighPass the time t of the air dielectric of same thickness with ultrasound wave bo2
High'; Ultrasound wave bo1 passes the time t of low value standard solid sample
LowPass the time t of the air dielectric of same thickness with ultrasound wave bo2
Low', and substitution formula (4) is calculated k ' and b by the linear equation in two unknowns batch total respectively.
4. according to claim 2 or 3 described ultrasonic solid viscosity measurement methods, it is characterized in that: described ultrasonic transmitter is designed to frequency adjustable, to adapt to the susceptibility of different solid samples to the ultrasound wave different wave length.
5. according to claim 2 or 3 described ultrasonic solid viscosity measurement methods, it is characterized in that: described ultrasonic receiver receives and handles a part of ultrasound wave bo1 and another part ultrasound wave bo2 respectively with two kinds of different enlargement factors.
6. a ultrasonic solid device for measuring viscosity is characterized in that: comprise ultrasonic generator, ultrasonic receiver, microprocessor and sample clamping mechanism; Described microprocessor comprises CPU, two counter count1, count2, storer, controller and I/O mouths; Described sample clamping mechanism is provided with face-to-face by clamping device by a fixed station and slip clamp platform and forms, in ultrasonic generator and the ultrasonic receiver, one is arranged on the fixed station, another is arranged on the slip clamp platform, and forming a parallel grasping part between the receiving plane of the surface of emission of ultrasonic generator and ultrasonic receiver, ultrasonic generator is connected with the I/O mouth of microprocessor by interface circuit respectively with ultrasonic receiver.
7. ultrasonic solid device for measuring viscosity according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: described clamping device is made of slide mechanism, this slide mechanism is connect by sliding pair by a fixture and a sliding part and forms, described fixture is fixedlyed connected with fixed station, and sliding part is fixedlyed connected with the slip clamp platform.
8. ultrasonic solid device for measuring viscosity according to claim 7 is characterized in that: the screw thread pair driving mechanism that is provided with the control sliding stroke between described fixture and the sliding part.
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| CNB2005100401883A CN100410646C (en) | 2005-05-20 | 2005-05-20 | Ultrasonic method and equipment for measuring solid viscosity |
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| CNB2005100401883A CN100410646C (en) | 2005-05-20 | 2005-05-20 | Ultrasonic method and equipment for measuring solid viscosity |
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| FR2932887B1 (en) * | 2008-06-24 | 2016-02-05 | Univ Francois Rabelais De Tours | ACOUSTIC MEASUREMENT DEVICE FOR LOCALIZED AND NON-CONTACT MEASUREMENT OF ELASTIC AND DISSIPATIVE NON-LINEARITIES AND VISCOELASTICITY |
| CN103512831A (en) * | 2013-07-18 | 2014-01-15 | 北京化工大学 | Method and device for online testing of melt flow index |
| CN103499514A (en) * | 2013-09-25 | 2014-01-08 | 北京化工大学 | Method and device for testing fluid viscosity on line |
| CN109318585B (en) * | 2018-11-06 | 2021-01-29 | 常德金鹏印务有限公司 | Handheld ink viscosity controller |
| CN112577852B (en) * | 2020-12-02 | 2021-10-19 | 西南交通大学 | Transformer insulating oil viscosity monitoring method based on multi-frequency ultrasonic waves |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH05322736A (en) * | 1992-05-15 | 1993-12-07 | Koji Toda | Plate wave ultrasonic device and viscosity sensor with it |
| US5365778A (en) * | 1994-01-28 | 1994-11-22 | The University Of Chicago | Method for measuring liquid viscosity and ultrasonic viscometer |
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH05322736A (en) * | 1992-05-15 | 1993-12-07 | Koji Toda | Plate wave ultrasonic device and viscosity sensor with it |
| US5365778A (en) * | 1994-01-28 | 1994-11-22 | The University Of Chicago | Method for measuring liquid viscosity and ultrasonic viscometer |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| 中国陶瓷. 郭敏等，39-40，"一种测量泥浆粘度的新方法-微机控制超声多普勒法". 2001 |
| 中国陶瓷. 郭敏等，39-40，"一种测量泥浆粘度的新方法-微机控制超声多普勒法". 2001 * |
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