CN1004089B - Field construction method for open caisson and caisson engineerings and special equipments thereof - Google Patents
Field construction method for open caisson and caisson engineerings and special equipments thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN1004089B CN1004089B CN87103253.8A CN87103253A CN1004089B CN 1004089 B CN1004089 B CN 1004089B CN 87103253 A CN87103253 A CN 87103253A CN 1004089 B CN1004089 B CN 1004089B
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a field hanging construction method for the engineering of open caissons and caissons, which is suitable for buildings of port engineering and the construction of a building composed of a plurality of open caissons or a plurality of caissons in civil engineering. The present invention overcomes the defect of the existing construction method, and finishes the construction simply and economically. The present invention is characterized in that a lifting apparatus is used for hanging slide moulds and blade feet or bottoms; the blade feet or the bottoms are used as the bottoms for making the open caissons or the caissons; then, the open caissons or the caissons are accurately dropped on a bed, and sink under the control of the lifting apparatus for making a hanging type platform (rack) of the present invention to make the construction method of the present invention simple and economical. The present invention has the characteristics that the construction method does not have balance weight, and only a hanging tool is used for tying a heavy field article as the balance weight.
Description
The invention belongs to the job practices and the special equipment thereof of similar reinforced concrete foundation works such as open caisson and caisson.
It mainly is applicable to port works, also is applicable to the construction of the works that is made of open caisson or caisson in the civil engineering.
Here be that example compares and narrate characteristics of the present invention with the port works.
General port works works, more as existing building method kinds such as harbour (berth), mole, shore protection, bulkhead walls, but it is relatively poor all to exist compliance, the problem that construction cost is big.Wherein use to such an extent that be open caisson or caisson job practices more widely.After patent retrieval, find one piece of hollow major diameter concrete cylinder of manufacturing similar open caisson, and job practices and the akin United States Patent (USP) of the present invention (US-PS4054034 IPC:E02D23/00 approved date: on October 16th, 1).
This patents state a kind of overlength of in the deep-sea, building, the method for the concrete hollow cylinder of both-end sealing.It comprises the barrel of building tube end plate and one section axial length, build be operated in sealing can normally drift along build on the barge and carry out.This barge is bearing on the suspension arrangement, between two barges that are tied relatively.Along with the axial length of barrel is built when falling short of, will build barge with the barrel submerged, so that further build.Build the sinking of barge and barrel, the available seawater that pours into is realized.And make cylindrical shell can rely on buoyancy vertically to stand in the water, replace to carry out cable wire, and be beneficial to stablize cylindrical shell on cylindrical shell, acquiring new suspension centre on the water line.Under completed cylindrical shell, will seal barge separation and floating subsequently, and continue cylindrical shell is watered to desired axial length to the water surface.Building barge is bearing on the suspension arrangement that is fixed on the associating barge with cable wire.Along with cylindrical shell is built the length growth, available suspension arrangement alternately winches to the suspension centre on the cylindrical shell.A part of cylindrical shell of building barge and having built can be done pendular movement with stormy waves with the associating barge.
The hollow cylinder that waters the overlength that builds up, both-end sealing is mainly used in moving defeated oil, and can towage under the floating ice of polar region.
Obviously to be directly used in and to build harbour, breakwater, cofferdam be quite difficult and complicated in this invention.More be not suitable for the civil engineering of on land or beach, constructing.There is following inconvenience as the harbour of constructing with this invention, the hollow cylinder closed at both ends that (1) need will build, (2) will adopt large-scale floating crane at harbour, and the building site erects cylindrical shell in water.(3) cylindrical shell will accurately be fixed a point difficult.(4) as relying on the cylindrical shell deadweight can not be stabilized in securely on the water bed basis, then to open loam cake and in cylindrical shell, add the pressure bag thing that overweights water, make construction complicated.(5) adopt setting transportation in water as the cylindrical shell of building, then will adopt very loaded down with trivial details measure and numerous towboats, could guarantee at the towage middle cylinder body overturning-free.In fact this is very difficult thing.The cylindrical shell of (6) building will transport with Large Tug.(7) need barge container to do to build the working platform of cylindrical shell.(8) build barge and on build cylindrical shell, to pour water and draw water in the sink-float process, waste a large amount of power.(9) need use to build barge, increase the complexity of casting craft.(10) add in the cylindrical shell that will consider constantly to have built water what with cylindrical shell on hoisting point position height, to guarantee that cylindrical shell vertically stands in the water and overturning-free.(11) because of the associating barge with to build barge all be to swim in the sea, and the associating barge is usefulness cable wire flexible connection with building barge and building between the cylindrical shell, and very easily running foul of each other under high sea causes the accident.
The object of the invention is to provide the job practices and the special equipment thereof of similar foundation structure things such as open caisson and caisson, and it can be widely used in the waters and the construction of the foundation structure thing of land.As in the construction of harbour, saved barge container, large-scale floating crane, Large Tug, needn't worry and build the vertical stability of middle cylinder body.Do not change suspension centre and take out the complicated technology of irritating pressure Bao Shui, can under high sea, not crash, can sink by precise control point, while and the filler accelerating construction progress in cylindrical shell that can sink.
Accompanying drawing one to six is the process drawings with suspension platform construction open caisson building, accompanying drawing seven is suspension platform prepare to sling three-view diagrams of sword pin (also bottom), accompanying drawing eight is suspension frame prepare to sling three-view diagrams of sword pin (also bottom), accompanying drawing nine is open caissons and bell heavy filling out cooperating and the sectional view of sword pin of sleeve, to be open caissons fill out cooperating and the sectional view of sword pin of sleeve with cylindricality is heavy accompanying drawing ten, accompanying drawing 11 is an open caisson mole profile, and accompanying drawing 12 is caisson breakwater profiles.
Main points of the present invention are, winch to the sliding formwork (4) that pour concrete foundation structure thing is used with the cover suspender of one on special equipment-suspension platform (1) (6), on the coast or make foundation structure thing bottom-sword pin (3) on the building berth in advance, using another set of suspender (5) on the suspension platform (1) to hang this sword pin (3) then makes it aim at sliding formwork (4), with sword pin (3) is to handle above-mentioned two cover suspenders (5) end, (6), make move up and down relative of sliding formwork (4) carry out the sinking that slding form operation fluid concrete foundation structure owner's body-open caisson (8) or caisson (16) control open caisson (8) or caisson (16) simultaneously and make its sinking in the precalculated position with sword pin (3).
Prefabricated foundation structure thing bottom can be to make to have lifting hole(eyelet) and be fit to place bell heavy sleeve (10) or the cylindrical heavy sword pin (3) of filling out sleeve (15) filled out, and the open caisson of making (8) sinking is on ground.
Prefabricated foundation structure thing bottom also can be to make the bottom (17) that has lifting hole(eyelet), and the caisson of making (16) sinking is on riprap foundation.
When slding form operation, with sliding formwork (4) phase counter blade pin (3) or bottom (17), promote or with sword pin (3) and open caisson (8) thereof or bottom (17) and caisson (16) thereof relatively sliding formwork (4) move down the sliding formwork space of continuing moulding to form according to its deadweight.
When building open caisson (8), can in open caisson (8), insert bell heavy sleeve (10) or the cylindrical heavy sleeve (15) of filling out filled out as required, then that open caisson (8) is following silt particle takes out with conventional way, simultaneously heavyly fill out sleeve (10) or cylindrical sinking filled out filler between the sleeve (15) with bell, make open caisson (8) sink to projected depth smoothly to open caisson (8).At last bell the sinking in the good open caisson (3) of sinking filled out sleeve (10) or cylindrical heavy sleeve (15) taking-up of filling out.
The special equipment of indication of the present invention, comprise by stablizing the suspension platform (1) (or suspension frame) that simple steel work is made, this suspension platform (1) is equipped with many cover suspenders, wherein a cover suspender (6) hangs sliding formwork (4), one cover suspender (5) hangs sword pin (3) or bottom (17), suspender (2) on open caisson (8) that lying in has in addition in addition constructed finishes or caisson (16) or sword pin (3) or bottom (17) or other weight plays the counterweight effect of suspension platform (1).Also have many hoist engines (13) on the suspension platform (frame) (1), to satisfy the various needs in the works whole construction course.
Job practices of the present invention, also available general crane gear commonly used is constructed by working procedure of the present invention basically as loop wheel machines such as crane barge, straddle truck, tower crane, large automobile cranes.Suspension platform (frame) (1) only is a kind of in the many crane gear.And can be sling respectively by the suspender separately of two crane gears in sliding formwork (4) and sword pin (3) or bottom (17), as long as keep sliding formwork (4) and sword pin (3) or bottom (17) concentricity, and can be by working procedure construction of the present invention.
Job practices of the present invention and special equipment are provided with the large-scale associating barge of building barge and playing supporting role in its both sides, have reduced equipment investment, and can be in the waters, land or mudflat operation, be not subjected to water depth effect.Suspension platform (frame) is fixed on the firm open caisson or caisson, come uncompleted open caisson or caisson to be sunk to the seabed simultaneously as high sea temporarily, further stablized suspension platform (frame), and the accident of having avoided under the effect of stormy waves, making uncompleted open caisson or caisson and sinking is good open caisson or caisson to collide; Because sword pin or bottom are multipoint suspensions, build open caisson with sliding formwork thereon or caisson is highly stable, the phenomenon work progress that open caisson or caisson overturning can not take place is very safe, need not often change or on move point of suspension; In the work progress, the gravity of open caisson or caisson is all born by sword pin or bottom and buoyant of sea water, needn't on open caisson wall or caisson wall, stay point of suspension, can be when open caisson or caisson reach design strength submerged, construction speed has been accelerated in be more convenient for maintenance and continue to build upper strata open caisson or caisson.Here the caisson of being mentioned can be regarded the cylinder of the major diameter length of back cover as.Job practices of the present invention and special equipment directly apply to port works, can also save the transportation of Large Tug, and the good effect that gets twice the result with half the effort is received in the work such as positioning sinking of holding up cylinder and complexity of large-scale floating crane.
Job practices of the present invention and special equipment, also fundamentally changed the building method of port works in the past, it is main will relying on main facilities and special-purpose large ship, under the depth condition of necessity, carry out the form of construction work of the water surface and underwater operation, change into and only use a small amount of facility and general ship at the construction field (site), or even building enterprise oneself makes system simple suspension platform (frame), just can carry out simple constructing operation.
What the present invention compared constructs by existing job practices, can reduce operating expenses 1/2～3/4 and save the labour more than 1/2, reduces total cost 1/5～1/2; That compares builds square gravity or caisson gravity harbour with conventional method, can fall and shorten the construction period more than 1/3.Owing on job practices of the present invention and the equipment, the well sinking construction deviation can be controlled in 1/5～1/10 scope of China's standard (GBJ-202) regulation permissible value; Can constitute surcharge preloading to the open caisson that has sunk, to improve foundation capability and to reduce building settlement.
The present invention has successful embodiment.The contrast accompanying drawing is sketched it one by one below.
Shown in figure one, on the formerly smooth good precalculated position of filling the place, place earlier prefabricated sword pin (3), assemble suspension platform (1) thereon, suspender (2) on the suspension platform (1) is hitched sword pin (3) be counterweight, and hang the sword pin (3) and the sliding formwork (4) of 1# open caisson (8), the 1# open caisson (8) of can constructing respectively by suspender (5) and suspender (6).The engineering that construction civil engineering open caisson, marginal quay, shore protection etc. link to each other with the bank can so be constructed.As belong to construction off-lying sea breakwater, and engineerings such as offshore terminal, suspension platform (1) can support earlier aboard ship or be bearing in on the open caisson (8) or caisson (16) that it is good that other method is sunk earlier, and below construction can be undertaken by job practices of the present invention.
Shown in figure two, suspension platform (1) integral body is moved on the 1# open caisson of building up (8), hitch sword pin (3) with the suspender (2) on the suspension platform (1), the sliding formwork (4) and suspender (6) is sling earlier, with ship (9) sword pin (3) is transported under the sliding formwork (4), with suspender (5) the sword pin (3) of slinging, make it the centrally aligned with sliding formwork (4), promptly removable ship (9) is finished preparation of construction.As belong to construction civil engineering open caisson, then sword pin (3) can adopt vehicle transport or site prefabrication.
Shown in figure three, appear at the reinforcing bar of sword pin (3) with usual practice and to go up upwards colligation open caisson reinforcing bar, and be the end with sliding formwork (4) the 2# open caisson (8) of constructing with sword pin (3).The required concrete of constructing is transported to the job site with usual practice, and adds early strong Admixture or construct with high-early (strength) cement in concrete.During slding form operation, can be by promoting the sliding formwork space that sliding formwork (4) form the continuation moulding, or the sword pin (3) of loweing, utilize the weight of sword pin (3) and established 2# open caisson (8), relatively move downwards and form the sliding formwork space of the continuation moulding of sliding formwork (4).
Shown in figure four, the 2# open caisson (8) of forming or part forming under the control of suspender (5), sinking is on ground (or riprap foundation), insert the bell heavy sleeve (10) of filling out in 2# open caisson (8) lining, dig out the silt particle under the 2# open caisson (8) with grab bucket (also available other excavates facility) in the case, filler is in 2# open caisson (8) and the bell heavy space of filling out between the sleeve (10) simultaneously, quickening the sinking of 2# open caisson (8), and reduce the filler work of building up behind the open caisson.Meanwhile sliding formwork (4) also can continue the uncompleted open caisson of moulding.As use the heavy sleeve (15) and the sword pin (3) of adapted with it filled out of cylindricality, its job practices is too.
Shown in figure five, when 2# open caisson (8) when sinking to desired depth, hang out bell heavy straight drum part of filling out sleeve (10) earlier, hang bell heavy bell part of filling out sleeve (10) again, pull out the suspender (5) that lies in sword pin (3) at last, continue filler in 2# open caisson (8).
Shown in figure six, put down the sword pin (3) of sliding formwork (4) and counterweight, under the situation of suspension platform (1) deadweight, with jack successively jack-up platform one side, two platforms are walked rail (11) to move forward on the 2# open caisson (8), and be origin of force with the front end of 2# open caisson (8), suspension platform (1) integral body is pulled on the 2# open caisson (8), hitch the 1# open caisson (8) that sinking is good with suspender (2), again sliding formwork (4) is sling with suspender (6), promptly finished the preparation of next open caisson construction.
Shown in figure seven, figure eight, the suspension platform that uses in job practices of the present invention is invented specially for this job practices, and the suspension frame in addition of invention simultaneously also has same result of use.Generally both are collectively referred to as suspension platform (frame) (1), its maximum characteristics are, self is not provided with counterweight, only utilizing its suspender (2) to lie on ready-made open caisson (8) or caisson (16) or sword pin (3) or bottom (17) or other weight is that (the suspension frame is slightly different for counterweight, be it to be lain on the weight with rigging, but principle is identical with effect), make suspension platform (frame) (1) simple in structure give play to bigger crane capacity.And suspension platform (frame) (1) is the steel structure platform (frame) of a simple and stable, bigger balanced area is arranged, can assemble simply at the construction field (site) and demolition, which is provided with a plurality of suspension centres (12) and because the design feature of suspension platform (frame) (1), system point major part on it can be used as suspension centre and uses, multiple suspender (2), (5) and (6) are arranged, also have many hoist engines (13).It relies on the equipment of self to move on on the needed operating point under the deadweight situation, and can construct open caisson or other structure of caisson top.
Shown in figure nine, figure ten, what be used for job practices of the present invention bell heavyly fills out the ratio that sleeve (10) generally is used for open caisson diameter D and the high H of open caisson, i.e. the open caisson of H/D ≈ 1.0 is filled out the open caisson that sleeve (15) generally is used for H/D 〉=1.2 and cylindricality is heavy.Bellly heavy fill out sleeve (10) and is made up of two parts, the bell part in bottom is located on sword pin (3) inner ring, and the top straight drum part is plugged on (straight drum part can be made up of straight of more piece) on the bell part.The result of use that cylindricality is heavy fills out sleeve (15) is just the same with the bell result of use of filling out sleeve (10) of sinking.
Shown in figure nine, figure ten, the open caisson of Shi Yonging (8) has two kinds of sword pin (3) form in the present invention, a kind of sword pin (3) is a simple garden circle type, inner ring can heavy filled out sleeve (10) and links with bell, another kind of sword pin (3) has the structure of garden conical shell, fill out sleeve (15) coupling with cylindricality is heavy, two kinds of sword pin all have the lifting hole(eyelet) of being convenient to lift by crane (7).As belonging to construction caisson (16), then tabular bottom (17) also are provided with lifting hole(eyelet) (7), shown in figure 12.
Job practices of the present invention, available general crane gear commonly used is constructed by working procedure of the present invention basically as loop wheel machines such as crane barge, straddle truck, tower crane, large automobile cranes.Suspension platform (frame) (1) only is a kind of in the many crane gear.And can be sling respectively by the suspender separately of two crane gears in sliding formwork (4) and sword pin (3) or bottom (17), as long as keep sliding formwork (4) and sword pin (3) or bottom (17) concentricity, and can be by working procedure construction of the present invention.
Suspension open caisson platform of the present invention, four limits have eight main prypoles; Four limits can increase prypole, also can utilize the side prypole to cast works, front prypole control sinking works.
Indication of the present invention bell heavy fills out that sleeve and cylindricality are heavy fills out sleeve and can manufacture with steel plate.Also can make with ferrocement or concrete.
The sword pin and the bottom of indication of the present invention are because precasting yard ratio in light weight and highly little, required with existing job practices, required prefabricated place and foundation requirement are not high, it is simple to manufacture facility, can be neighbouring at the construction field (site) prefabricated, and also can be prefabricated on simple small-sized building berth or ship.And the transportation of sword pin and bottom is much also simple, and little type ship or simple and easy buoyancy tank get final product.
The suspention of sliding formwork of the present invention construction can one or more hang liter by crane gear, and do not need the hydraulic jack facility of common sliding formwork jacking and the pole-climbing reinforcing bar is set in concrete, have simplified slding form operation.
Claims (7)
1, the job practices of similar reinforced concrete foundation works such as a kind of open caisson or caisson, comprise and adopt a cover suspender to hang the sliding formwork that casting reinforced concrete foundation structure thing is used, prefabricated foundation structure thing bottom, adopting another set of suspender to hang this prefabricated foundation structure thing bottom then makes it aim at up and down with sliding formwork, with prefabricated foundation structure thing bottom is to handle above-mentioned two cover suspenders the end sliding formwork to be relatively moved carry out slding form operation fluid concrete foundation structure owner body bottom prefabricated foundation structure thing, control the sinking of this foundation structure thing simultaneously, make its sinking in the precalculated position.
2, method according to claim 1 is characterized in that when carrying out open caisson construction, and prefabricated foundation structure thing bottom is made and had lifting hole(eyelet) and be fit to place bell heavy sleeve or the cylindrical heavy caisson cutting edge of filling out sleeve filled out, and the open caisson sinking of making is on ground.
3, method according to claim 1, when it is characterized in that carrying out the caisson construction, the caisson bottom that has lifting hole(eyelet) is made in prefabricated foundation structure thing bottom, and the caisson sinking of making is on riprap foundation.
4, method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that with prefabricated foundation structure thing bottom be when carrying out slding form operation in the end, move down to form the sliding formwork space of continuation moulding according to its deadweight with the bottom lifting of the prefabricated relatively foundation structure thing of sliding formwork or with the relative sliding formwork in prefabricated foundation structure thing bottom.
5, method according to claim 2 is characterized in that inserting bell heavy sleeve or the cylindrical heavy sleeve of filling out filled out in open caisson.
6, method according to claim 5, it is characterized in that the silt particle below the open caisson is taken out, simultaneously to open caisson and bell heavy sleeve or the cylindrical heavy filler between the sleeve of filling out filled out, make open caisson sink to projected depth smoothly, then bell the sinking in the good open caisson that sinks filled out sleeve or the cylindrical heavy sleeve taking-up of filling out.
7, the special equipment of the described method of a kind of claim 1, comprise by stablizing the suspension platform (frame) that simple steel work is made, this platform (frame) is equipped with many cover suspenders, wherein a cover suspender hangs the sliding formwork of casting reinforced concrete foundation structure thing, one cover suspender suspends the bottom of prefabricated foundation structure thing in midair, and the foundation structure thing that lying in has in addition in addition constructed finishes, foundation structure thing bottom or other are positioned at suspender near the suspension platform the weight as the counterweight of suspension platform.And suspension platform (frame) can utilize the equipment integral body of self to move on on the new operating point.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN87103253.8A CN1004089B (en) | 1987-04-28 | 1987-04-28 | Field construction method for open caisson and caisson engineerings and special equipments thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN87103253.8A CN1004089B (en) | 1987-04-28 | 1987-04-28 | Field construction method for open caisson and caisson engineerings and special equipments thereof |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN87103253A CN87103253A (en) | 1988-11-09 |
| CN1004089B true CN1004089B (en) | 1989-05-03 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN87103253.8A Expired CN1004089B (en) | 1987-04-28 | 1987-04-28 | Field construction method for open caisson and caisson engineerings and special equipments thereof |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1004089B (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102561261B (en) * | 2012-02-28 | 2014-01-08 | 中交二航局第三工程有限公司 | Method for building dock by lifting precast panels with simple portal crane |
| CN104239671B (en) * | 2014-04-23 | 2017-05-10 | 上海海事大学 | Shore bridge aseismic designing method |
| CN105645296B (en) * | 2016-01-15 | 2017-08-18 | 河南工业大学 | A kind of high stake formula liftable yacht mooring wharf equipment |
| CN105951863B (en) * | 2016-06-17 | 2019-06-04 | 北京市市政四建设工程有限责任公司 | A kind of construction method of the construction equipment of active assembled open caisson |
| CN108277816B (en) * | 2018-01-04 | 2019-11-05 | 浙江大学城市学院 | A kind of digging-free construction method of well foundation |
| CN110735394B (en) * | 2019-10-30 | 2021-08-10 | 中铁大桥勘测设计院集团有限公司 | Cable tower structure and construction method thereof |
-
1987
- 1987-04-28 CN CN87103253.8A patent/CN1004089B/en not_active Expired
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN87103253A (en) | 1988-11-09 |
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