CN100405027C - Detection method for reactor of fluid-bed - Google Patents
Detection method for reactor of fluid-bed Download PDFInfo
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- CN100405027C CN100405027C CNB2006100495993A CN200610049599A CN100405027C CN 100405027 C CN100405027 C CN 100405027C CN B2006100495993 A CNB2006100495993 A CN B2006100495993A CN 200610049599 A CN200610049599 A CN 200610049599A CN 100405027 C CN100405027 C CN 100405027C
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a detecting method for a reactor of a fluidized bed. An acoustic emitting signal in the reactor of a fluidized bed is received; then, the received acoustic emitting signal is analyzed; the characteristic parameters of an acoustic wave signal are selected for determining the height of the level of material in the fluidized bed, the speed of incipient fluidization, the fluidizing speed of incipient turbulent motion and the fluidizing mode of the inner particles in the fluidized bed. The correlation dimension and the K entropy in characteristic parameters of sound signal chaos are obtained by computer analysis and are compared with the correlation dimension and the K entropy under a normal condition for defining the occurrence coefficient of particle agglomeration and setting the threshold value of the occurrence coefficient; when the occurrence coefficient is larger than the set threshold value, the method can judge that blocks are in the fluidized bed. The method of the present invention has the characteristics of sensitivity, security, environmental protection, simplicity, high speed, etc.; the method can exactly analyze the height of the level of material in the fluidized bed in time in an on-line mode; the method can accurately detect the speed of incipient fluidization, the fluidization speed of incipient turbulent motion and the fluidization mode of the inner particles and the blocks in the fluidized bed and can control the manufacture parameters according to analysis results.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the detection of fluidized-bed reactor, relate in particular to the sonic detection of fluidized-bed reactor.
Background technology
The flow pattern of gas-solid fluidized bed controlling level, minimum fluidizing velocity, initial turbulence speed and particle is the important parameter of fluidized bed.For example, gas-solid fluidized bed controlling level is a basic parameter of fluidized bed.In the tygon fluidized reactor, the height of bed directly has influence on the quality and the output of fluidized reaction product, detects controlling level in time, exactly, can keep the stable fluidization quality of optimizing of fluidized bed, guarantee that fluidized bed operates under best fluid height, thereby obtain high yield.The underlying parameter that the minimum fluidizing velocity of gas-solid fluidized bed reactor and initial turbulence speed are fluidized bed reactor designs and production operation.The accurate detection of minimum fluidizing velocity and initial turbulence speed is not only significant for improving gas-solid fluidized bed monitoring capacity, optimization production, and has important effect for the exploitation of new reactor and new technology.The flow pattern of particle is one of the most basic problem of fluidization.In the ethene fluidized-bed polymerization reactor, the flow condition that the mensuration of particle flow pattern can clear fluid bed granulate, then Optimizing operation, solve the dead band in the fluidized-bed reactor, obtain high yield.
At present material level carries out on-line monitoring in widespread use pressure in the factory, electric capacity, weight, temperature, ultrasonic, the gamma ray fluid bedreactors, use pressure differential method and pressure pulsation method minimum fluidizing velocity is detected, then do not have any method to detect so far as yet initial turbulence speed.To flow pattern, adopt Doppler and nuclear magnetic resonance apparatus to measure at present, or obtain, but also rest on the lab scale stage by computer simulation.
The application in factory by above equipment or instrument, we find that the apparatus and method of existing online detection have the following disadvantages:
1) for the monitoring of fluidized-bed reactor material level, pressure monitoring is blocked easily in observation process, and maintenance is difficult; Difficulty, easy corrupted are then installed in the electric capacity monitoring; Weight monitoring automation degree is low; The temperature monitoring error is big; And insensitivities on the life period all, promptly often when marked change appears in signal, bed fluidization quality can't be improved by changing operating conditions; Ultrasonic monitoring then the price height, disturb many and need power supply; Gamma ray then is big to human body harm.
2) pressure, electric capacity, weight and temperature monitoring and pressure differential method and pressure pulsation method all are plug-type, all on the fluidized bed wall, punch in the time of installation, not only inconvenient, and may influence the flow field of fluidized bed inside, to internal system flow and reaction affects.
3) to environmental requirement than higher, for the more abominable environment of plant, for example: environment such as high temperature, high pressure, dust may cause down the distortion of signal, can't truly reflect the multidate information of fluidized bed inside.
4) more main is that the decomposition that present various signal analysis means also fail to carry out by signal obtains controlling level, fluidized state and flow pattern.The measurement of material level, fluidized state and flow pattern has very important significance for fluidized-bed reactor: at first it can reflect the fluidized bed internal flow situation and the extent of reaction, secondly can better adjust the operating parameter of fluidized bed by the result who measures, help controlling the performance of product once more, save processing cost.
Therefore, development is based on the sound wave detecting method of simple and easy quick, the safety and environmental protection of contactless test technology, transient state real-time analysis technology, to improving fluidized bed inner parameter detection sensitivity, degree of accuracy, particularly significant for the mensuration of controlling level, minimum fluidizing velocity, initial turbulence speed and particle flow pattern.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of method of sound wave monitoring fluidized-bed reactor, to the fluidized bed controlling level can be promptly and accurately on-line analysis, can accurately measure minimum fluidizing velocity, initial turbulence speed and particle flow pattern, and manufacturing parameter be controlled by analysis result.
A kind of method of fluidized-bed reactor sound wave monitoring may further comprise the steps:
The acoustic emission signal of a, reception fluidized-bed reactor inside;
B, analyze the acoustic emission signal receive, the frequency f, amplitude A, ENERGY E, each wavelet scale of choosing acoustic signals are or/and the energy branch rate E in the wavelet packet yardstick
i(i is a scale parameter), time t are as eigenwert;
C, determine controlling level in the fluidized bed by axially detect the ENERGY E under the frequency f in above-mentioned eigenwert or the mean square deviation maximum value of amplitude A along fluidized bed; By each wavelet scale in the above-mentioned eigenwert or/and the energy in the wavelet packet yardstick divides rate E
iThe pairing gas of variation speed determine minimum fluidizing velocity and initial turbulence speed; Determine the endocorpuscular flow pattern of fluidized bed by axially detect the ENERGY E under the frequency f in above-mentioned eigenwert and/or the difference of amplitude A along fluidized bed;
D, obtain the correlation dimension C in the acoustical signal chaotic characteristic parameter
D2, aWith K entropy C
K2, a, with the correlation dimension C of acoustical signal under the normal condition
D2,0With K entropy C
K2,0Compare the fault coefficient that definitions particles is reunited:
Set fault coefficient C
D2, C
K2Threshold value, as fault coefficient C
D2, C
K2During greater than the threshold value that sets, can judge to occur caking in the fluidized bed.
The receive frequency range of acoustic signals is 0Hz～20MHz, and its optimum receive frequency range is 0Hz～1MHz, and receiving position is the above wall place of distribution grid of fluidized-bed reactor.
The type that the inventive method can be used for fluidized-bed reactor comprises: gas-solid fluidized bed reactor, liquid-solid fluid bed reactor and gas-liquid-solid three-phase fluid bed reactor.
The dynamic acoustic signals of fluidized-bed reactor inside enters the amplification that multiplying arrangement carries out signal by the sound wave receiving trap that is arranged on the wall place more than the distributing plate of fluidized-bed reactor, unattenuated to guarantee at the interior signal of long distance, enter the acoustical signal harvester then and carry out the A/D conversion of signal, enter acoustic signals treating apparatus (computing machine) at last and handle and analyze.
Collect near fluidized bed material level top, the material level and the t variation in time of the acoustic signals of material level below, above material level, the amplitude of acoustic signals is very little, and it is comparatively sparse, this is because belong to the fluidized bed dilute phase above material level, particle rareness and particle diameter are less relatively, and the amplitude that makes the impact of particles wall produce is less.And near material level, because launching during bubble effusion bed surface acts on and carries secretly effect, cause from bubble roof and be thrown into the free spatial domain of fluidized bed from the particle of bubble trailing vortex because of bubble breaking, movement of particles is the most active herein, the fluctuation that is the acoustic energy that produces of impact of particles wall and acoustic signals is also just big more, cause the acoustical signal amplitude bigger, and size variation is violent.Below material level, the amplitude of acoustic signals is totally than low near the material level, and amplitude is even, stable, and simultaneously because granule density is bigger, so signal is very intensive, shows that this zone belongs to the sluggish relatively emulsion zone of particle activity.
Adopting mean grain size is polyethylene powder fluidisation in the fluidized bed of diameter 150mm of 460 μ m, and its acoustic energy exists 2 minimum value with the increase (in the close phase section) of the height of bed.At nearly distribution grid place, owing to there is the grid jet effect, particle is accelerated rapidly and moves upward, thereby particle has bigger energy on the distribution grid, and acoustic wave energy is higher.Along with the increase of the height of bed, though granule density does not have to change substantially, the kinetic energy of gas jet is decayed rapidly, and jet degenerates into many small size bubbles that move upward, the corresponding decline of particle speed, and acoustic wave energy reduces thereupon.To the above 0.16m of distribution grid place, acoustic wave energy reaches minimum value for the first time.At this moment, the mean square deviation of acoustical signal also enters minimum value for the first time, illustrates that movement of particles becomes inactive herein, exists so-called " stagnant area " or " dead band ".Because the effect of gravity, the particle that is thus lifted to the stagnant area also can reflux from the space between two jet thighs randomly, forms at distribution grid and piles up, and the particle of accumulation also can continue to be quickened once more by gas jet, forms the short distance race way in the bed thus.Along with the continuation increase of the height of bed, the part movement of particles breaks away from the stagnant area and enters the major cycle district.In the major cycle district, the wall particle continues the active motion state of recovery, and acoustic wave energy is along height of bed increase and reach stationary value.Analyze from the fluid mechanics aspect, bubble is mutual coalescence in uphill process, size is constantly grown up, and, be to rely on carrying secretly of bubble because particle rises, when bubble is carrying solid particle in the bed surface explosion to the motion of bed central area, the particle at upper reaches refluxes the Yan Bianbi district, to replenish the vacancy that upwards mobile particle causes, enter the stagnant area once more, form the major cycle district of particle in bed thus.Measurement data by acoustic wave energy can be distinguished big or small round-robin separatrix significantly, and at bed at the interface, though the speed of particle does not have very big variation, because granule density reduces rapidly, near the acoustic wave energy the height of bed is in minimum value once more.When to the 0.82m place, acoustic wave energy is reduced to second energy minimum point, and this moment acoustical signal mean square deviation also enter relative minimum for the second time.Continuation rising along with the height of bed, it is maximum that acoustic energy and acoustical signal mean square deviation all reach, illustrate that bed has been in controlling level, this be because charge level because the effect of launching during bubble effusion bed surface and carry effect secretly, cause from bubble roof and be thrown into the free spatial domain of fluidized bed from the particle of bubble trailing vortex because of bubble breaking, thereby movement of particles herein is the most active, the fluctuation of acoustic signals is very big, be reflected as the mean square deviation maximum of acoustical signal undulatory property, though and this moment, granule density was lower, but the speed of particle is very big, causes acoustic energy very high.At last, charge level is above to be the dilute phase of fluidized bed, though particle is arranged with great speed bump wall, granule density greatly reduces, thereby acoustic wave energy will descend rapidly.As seen, near the acoustical signal mean square deviation the material level is obviously greater than the acoustical signal mean square deviation below the material level.Therefore, the height of bed of the mean square deviation of acoustical signal when reaching maximum is controlling level.When the position of minimum value appears in the sonic energy signal E that obtains along the axial diverse location of fluidized bed place, can be judged to be big or small round-robin separatrix in the fluidized bed.
Measuring mean grain size is the acoustical signal of 0.64mm particle.Obtain energy branch rate E in the wavelet packet yardstick of 8 yardsticks by acoustic signals being carried out wavelet packet analysis
1-E
8, wherein from E
1To E
8Frequency is to change from low to high, and the particle diameter of representative is to change from big to small.In grain fluidized process, along with the increase of speed, energy distribution begins to change E from static state
8Prior to E
1Begin to change, when gas speed arrived minimum fluidizing velocity, energy distribution temporarily tended towards stability, and promptly the energy in the wavelet packet yardstick divides rate E
1-E
8Tend towards stability, along with gas speed increases again, energy branch rate begins fluctuation again and changes, and when gas speed arrived initial turbulence speed, energy distribution tended towards stability again, and promptly the interior energy of wavelet packet yardstick divides rate E
1-E
8Tend towards stability once more.The judgment standard of minimum fluidizing velocity is the energy branch rate (E in the pairing wavelet packet yardstick of the bulky grain of last fluidisation
2) be minimum fluidizing velocity with the flex point of the change curve of manner.The result who measures with the pressure differential method of classics compares, and average relative error is 5.18% only, illustrates that it is feasible that minimum fluidizing velocity is obtained in the multiple dimensioned parsing that utilizes acoustic wave energy.The judgment standard of initial turbulence speed divides rate E for the energy in the wavelet packet yardstick
1-E
8Fluidizing velocity when tending towards stability once more.
The correlation dimension of classics and K entropy can disclose to lump and fluidised form be turned into the regular and essential mechanism of usefulness in the chaotic characteristic parameter, realize the effective monitoring of fluidized bed.It is generally acknowledged that when correlation dimension was smaller, the adjusting factor that expression participates in the output signal system reduced, the complicacy of system reduces, correlation degree increase between points in the also expression system, and system is tightr.Dimension is big more, and the complexity of system motion is big more.The K entropy is a very useful amount in the tolerance of chaos simultaneously.For regular motion, K=0; For stochastic system, K is infinitely great; If system shows as the determinacy chaos, then K is the constant greater than zero.K is big more, and information loss speed is big more, and the chaos degree of system is big more, and in other words, system is complicated more.For this reason, the fault coefficient C of definitions particles reunion is as follows:
In the formula:
C
D2, C
K2--the fault coefficient;
C
D2, a, C
K2, a--the correlation dimension and the K entropy of acoustical signal;
C
D2,0, C
K2,0The correlation dimension of acoustical signal and K entropy under-the normal condition.
Know that easily the fault coefficient under the caking situation generally greater than the fault coefficient under the normal fluidisation situation, therefore, can be set a fault threshold α, when fault coefficient during greater than α, can think having caking to produce.Otherwise, then think the normal fluidisation situation that is in.Chaos characteristic parameter during earlier with normal running is as standard value C
D2,0And C
K2,0, set the fault threshold values again, calculate the fault coefficient under the caking fluidized state at last, to judge whether occurred caking in the fluidized bed.
The present invention has compared following advantage with existing method:
1) malfunction monitoring for fluidization system is very sensitive, can measure existing bigger variation even sudden change at feature physics along with the variation of fluidization system, and these variations are existed space or temporal hypersensitivity.
Therefore 2) sound wave monitoring device right and wrong are plug-type, as long as directly be affixed on the fluidized-bed reactor wall just passablely, simple and convenient can not influence the flow field of fluidized bed inside in the time of installation, flowing and instead would not impact internal system.
3) lower to environmental requirement, can be in more abominable environment of plant all weather operations, even really degree that still can holding signal under severe rugged environments such as high temperature, high pressure, dust truly reflects the multidate information of fluidized bed material level height, fluidized state and flow pattern.
4) acoustic signals can directly reflect the multidate information of fluidized bed material level height, fluidized state and flow pattern, is directly to receive by near material the fluidized bed material level and the collision between the reactor wall.
5) be a kind of method of safe, green, environmental protection, harmless, and adopt passive or/and active acoustic emission principle also is safe for the fluidized-bed reactor with flammable and explosive substance, can not cause the blast of reactor owing to reasons such as static.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
At high 1000mm, internal diameter 150mm, distribution grid is a porous flat plate, the aperture is 2.0mm, percentage of open area be 2.6% organic glass build gas-solid fluidized bed in, with air as fluidizing gas, superficial gas velocity is 0.6m/s, the quiet height of bed is 500mm, passive acoustic emission transducer is affixed on and separates fabric swatch top 20mm, 50mm, 100mm, 150mm, 200mm, 250mm, 300mm, 350mm, 400mm, 450mm, 500mm, 550mm, 600mm, 650mm, 700mm, 750mm, 800mm, 850mm, 900mm, 950mm, 970mm, 1000mm, 1050mm, the 1100mm place, sample frequency is 500kHz, and each sampling time is 10s.
Keep fluidized bed endoparticle fluidisation situation and other experiment condition constant, several the passive acoustic emission transducers by diverse location on the whole bed of the fluidized bed wall have carried out measuring to the acoustic signals of the collision wall of linear low density polyethylene particle determines material level position and fluidized bed endoparticle fluidisation situation.
The height of bed when the mean square deviation of the ENERGY E of acoustical signal or amplitude A reaches maximum is controlling level.The average energy of the signal that obtains less than all check points along the axial minimum value of fluidized bed when the ENERGY E of acoustic signals 80% the time, the pairing height of bed in position that minimum value occurs, circulate the separatrix of pattern for fluidized bed endoparticle motion size, be the position, stagnant area, corresponding movement of particles pattern is two patterns that circulate.
When the ENERGY E of acoustic signals along the axial minimum value of fluidized bed more than or equal to 80% of the average energy of the signal that all check points obtained, then the motion of fluidized bed endoparticle is single-cycle flow pattern.Obtain energy branch rate E in the wavelet packet yardstick of 8 yardsticks by acoustic signals being carried out wavelet packet analysis
1～E
8, wherein from E
1To E
8Frequency be to change from low to high, the particle diameter of representative is to change from big to small, the judgment criterion of minimum fluidizing velocity is the energy branch rate (E in the pairing wavelet packet yardstick of the bulky grain of last fluidisation
1) be minimum fluidizing velocity with the pairing gas speed of flex point of the change curve of gas speed.The judgment criterion of initial turbulence speed is divided rate (E for the energy in the pairing wavelet packet yardstick of bulky grain
1) pairing gas speed is initial turbulence speed when tending towards stability once more.
Embodiment 2
The wall place is provided with passive acoustic emission transducer above the fluidized-bed reactor gas distribution grid, and its signal that receives is carried out gathering after the A/D conversion, and sample frequency is 500kHz, and each sampling time is 10s.The acoustical signal that collects is calculated, obtained the correlation dimension C in the acoustical signal chaotic characteristic parameter
D2, aWith K entropy C
K2, aAnd the correlation dimension C of acoustical signal under the normal condition
D2,0With K entropy C
K2,0, and the fault coefficient of reuniting according to the following formula count particles:
Set fault coefficient C
D2, C
K2Threshold value, as fault coefficient C
D2, C
K2During greater than the threshold value that sets, can judge to occur caking in the fluidized bed.
Claims (4)
1. the detection method of a fluidized-bed reactor is characterized in that said method comprising the steps of:
The acoustic emission signal of a, reception fluidized-bed reactor inside;
B, analyze the acoustic emission signal receive, the frequency f, amplitude A, ENERGY E, each wavelet scale of choosing acoustic signals are or/and the energy branch rate E in the wavelet packet yardstick
i, time t is as eigenwert, described i is a scale parameter;
C, determine controlling level in the fluidized bed by axially detect the ENERGY E under the frequency f in above-mentioned eigenwert or the mean square deviation maximum value of amplitude A along fluidized bed; By each wavelet scale in the above-mentioned eigenwert or/and the energy in the wavelet packet yardstick divides the pairing gas of the variation of rate Ei speed to determine minimum fluidizing velocity and initial turbulence speed; Determine the endocorpuscular flow pattern of fluidized bed by axially detect the ENERGY E under the frequency f in above-mentioned eigenwert and/or the difference of amplitude A along fluidized bed;
D, obtain the correlation dimension C in the acoustical signal chaotic characteristic parameter
D2, aWith K entropy C
K2, a, with the correlation dimension C of acoustical signal under the normal condition
D2,0With K entropy C
K2,0Compare the fault coefficient that definitions particles is reunited:
Set fault coefficient C
D2, C
K2Threshold value, as fault coefficient C
D2, C
K2During greater than the threshold value that sets, can judge to occur caking in the fluidized bed.
2. fluidized-bed reactor sound wave monitoring method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the receive frequency range of described acoustic signals is 0Hz～20MHz.
3. fluidized-bed reactor sound wave monitoring method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the receive frequency range of described acoustic signals is 0Hz～1MHz.
4. fluidized-bed reactor sound wave monitoring method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the position of the acoustic emission signal of described reception fluidized-bed reactor inside is the above wall place of distribution grid of fluidized-bed reactor.
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| CN103257366A (en) * | 2012-02-17 | 2013-08-21 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Method for detecting blocking in stirred bed reactor |
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| US11130677B2 (en) | 2017-03-24 | 2021-09-28 | Ecolab Usa Inc. | Low risk chlorine dioxide onsite generation system |
| US11225421B2 (en) | 2017-08-17 | 2022-01-18 | Ecolab Usa Inc. | Low risk chlorine dioxide onsite generation system |
| CN109115306A (en) * | 2018-06-19 | 2019-01-01 | 浙江大学 | A kind of method of the Jet Penetration Depth of sonic detection jet bubbling reactor |
| US11970393B2 (en) | 2019-07-03 | 2024-04-30 | Ecolab Usa Inc. | Decomposition mediation in chlorine dioxide generation systems through sound detection and control |
| US11656203B2 (en) * | 2020-12-10 | 2023-05-23 | Batfer Investment S.A. | Apparatus and method for determining solids level in a sand separator |
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