CN100404930C - Four-way solenoid valve - Google Patents

Abstract

To reduce magnetic resistance by shortening travel distance of a plunger and reduce electric power for driving a four way solenoid valve and holding its condition. This four way solenoid valve is provided with a valve main body 1 provided with one end connection 1a on a side face on one side, three end connections 1b, 1c, 1d on a side face on the other side, and a circulation chamber R formed in the whole region of a group of end connections among one end connection 1a and three end connections 1b, 1c, 1d in the inside, the plunger 20 moving in the axial direction inside the valve main body 1, and a sliding valve element 3 connected with the plunger 20, brought into pressure-contact with three end connections 1b, 1c, 1d, and arranged to slide. The sliding valve element 3 communicates two end connections among three end connections 1b, 1c, 1d through a recessed part 3a for communication and communicates the other end connections through the circulation chamber R. Three end connections 1b, 1c, 1d are arranged in a triangular shape for its valve seat face.

Description

Four-way electromagnetic valve

Technical Field

The present invention relates to a structure of a four-way solenoid valve, and more particularly, to a technique for reducing a magnetic resistance and reducing electric power used for driving and holding an electromagnetic coil.

Background

Conventionally, there has been known a four-way solenoid valve in which three connection ports are provided in parallel in an axial direction on one side of a valve main body, one connection port is provided on the other side at a position facing substantially intermediate portions of the three connection ports, a small-diameter plunger is provided between the one connection port and the three connection ports in the valve main body to form an annular flow chamber extending over the entire area of the connection port group, a slide valve body is provided in a through hole in a direction orthogonal to the axial direction of the plunger, a coil spring is provided between the slide valve body and the one connection port of the valve main body to be pressure-bonded to the three connection port portions, the slide valve body communicates adjacent two connection port connection ports of the three connection ports via communication concave portions thereof, and the slide valve body communicates the adjacent two connection port connection ports via the flow chamber, the other connection ports are communicated with each other (see, for example, patent document 1).

[ patent document 1 ] Japanese Kokoku publication Sho-55-16534 (utility model, patent application, claims, drawings)

Disclosure of Invention

In the conventional four-way solenoid valve described above, the flow path between the three connection ports and one connection port is switched by attracting the plunger connected to the slide valve body by the electromagnetic force generated by energizing the electromagnetic coil and moving the plunger to move the slide valve body. When the valve returns to the original state, the energization of the solenoid is stopped, and the spring stored in advance when the plunger is attracted is released, and the plunger is returned to the position of the slide valve together with the plunger.

In such a four-way solenoid valve, in order to maintain the state in which the slide valve body is switched, it is necessary to continuously supply power to the solenoid coil, and there is a problem in that electric power is continuously consumed.

Further, although the state can be maintained with a small electric power by shortening the interval of the flow passage hole opened in the valve body sliding direction perpendicular to the valve seat surface of the sliding valve body and shortening the suction distance of the electromagnetic coil, there is a problem that the orifice interval cannot be shortened because there is a limit to downsizing the diameter of the pipe connected to the flow passage hole on the side opposite to the valve body sliding surface.

The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems of the prior art, and an object thereof is to reduce the magnetic resistance, reduce the electric power for driving and holding the four-way solenoid valve by shortening the moving distance of the plunger, increasing the opposing sectional area of the plunger gap portion, or increasing the area of the opposing portion between the outer core and the plunger.

The four-way solenoid valve according to the present invention is characterized by comprising: a valve main body having one connection port on one side surface thereof and three connection ports on the other side surface thereof, and having a flow chamber formed therein over the entire area of the connection port group between the one connection port and the three connection ports; a plunger that moves in an axial direction inside the valve body; and a slide valve body which is connected to the plunger and crimped to the three connection ports, and is configured in a sliding manner; wherein the slide valve body communicates two of the three connection ports via the communication recess, and communicates the other connection ports via the flow chamber, and the three connection ports are arranged in a triangular shape with respect to the valve seat surface.

Further, a four-way solenoid valve according to the present invention is characterized by comprising: a valve main body having one connection port on one side surface and three connection ports on the other side surface, and having a flow chamber formed therein over the entire area of the connection port group between the one connection port and the three connection ports; a plunger that moves in an axial direction inside the valve body; a slide valve body connected to the plunger and crimped to the three connection ports, and configured in a sliding manner; an inner core facing a side of the plunger opposite to the valve main body; an electromagnetic coil surrounding the inner core; an outer core disposed on the outer periphery of the electromagnetic coil; two of the three connection ports are communicated with each other through the communication recess in the slide valve body, and the other connection ports are communicated with each other through the flow chamber, and the cross-sectional area of the portion of the inner core near the gap with the plunger is made larger than the cross-sectional area of the portion of the inner core surrounded by the electromagnetic coil, and the cross-sectional area of the portion of the plunger facing the inner core is made substantially equal to the cross-sectional area of the portion of the inner core near the gap.

Further, a four-way solenoid valve according to the present invention includes: a valve main body having one connection port on one side surface and three connection ports on the other side surface, and having a flow chamber formed therein over the entire area of the connection port group between the one connection port and the three connection ports; a plunger that moves in an axial direction inside the valve body; a slide valve body connected to the plunger and crimped to the three connection ports, and configured in a sliding manner; an inner core facing a side of the plunger opposite to the valve main body; an electromagnetic coil surrounding the inner core; an outer core disposed on the outer periphery of the electromagnetic coil; wherein, the slide valve body connects two of the three connecting ports via the communicating concave part, and connects other connecting ports via the flow chamber, and the area of the part opposite to the plunger of the external iron core is larger than the plate thickness area of other parts.

According to the four-way check valve of the present invention, the three connection ports as the flow passage holes are arranged in a triangular shape with respect to the valve seat surface, so that the sliding distance of the slide valve body is reduced, the gap of suction by the electromagnet can be reduced, and the electric power necessary for switching and maintaining the state of the four-way solenoid valve can be reduced.

Further, according to the four-way solenoid valve of the present invention, the cross-sectional area of the portion of the internal core in the vicinity of the gap with the plunger is made larger than the cross-sectional area of the portion of the internal core surrounded by the electromagnetic coil, and the cross-sectional area of the portion of the plunger facing the internal core is made substantially equal to the cross-sectional area of the portion of the internal core in the vicinity of the gap, so that the magnetic resistance of the plunger gap portion can be reduced, and the electric power necessary for switching and maintaining the state of the four-way solenoid valve can be reduced.

Further, according to the four-way solenoid valve of the present invention, the area of the portion where the outer core and the plunger face each other is made larger than the plate thickness area of the other portion, so that the magnetic resistance in the magnetic path can be reduced, and the electric power necessary for switching and maintaining the state of the four-way solenoid valve can be reduced.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a sectional view showing a four-way solenoid valve according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a diagram showing the arrangement of the slide valve body and the three connection ports of the four-way solenoid valve according to embodiment 1 of the invention.

Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a four-way solenoid valve according to embodiment 2 of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a four-way solenoid valve according to embodiment 3 of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a diagram showing a magnetic circuit in the plunger suction portion of the solenoid valve.

Fig. 6 is an explanatory diagram for deriving work from magnetomotive force of the electromagnetic coil.

Fig. 7 is a diagram showing the relationship between the plunger gap length and the necessary current of the four-way solenoid valve according to the embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 8 is a diagram showing the relationship between the diameter of the plunger of the four-way solenoid valve and the necessary current according to the embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 9 is a diagram showing a relationship between a cross-sectional area of a plunger of the four-way solenoid valve according to the present invention and a necessary current.

Fig. 10 is a diagram showing the relationship between the plunger cross-sectional area ratio and the necessary current of the four-way solenoid valve according to the embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 11 is a diagram showing the relationship between the plunger cross-sectional area ratio of the four-way solenoid valve and the necessary electric power according to the embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 12 is a diagram showing a relationship between a plate thickness ratio of an outer core of a four-way solenoid valve and a necessary current according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 13 is a diagram showing the relationship between the plate thickness ratio of the outer core of the four-way solenoid valve and the necessary electric power according to the embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 14 is a sectional view showing another example of the four-way solenoid valve according to embodiment 2 of the invention.

Fig. 15 is a sectional view showing another example of the four-way solenoid valve according to embodiment 2 of the invention.

Fig. 16 is a sectional view showing another example of the four-way solenoid valve according to embodiment 2 of the invention.

Fig. 17 is a sectional view showing another example of the four-way solenoid valve according to embodiment 3 of the invention.

Fig. 18 is a sectional view showing another example of the four-way solenoid valve according to embodiment 3 of the invention.

Fig. 19 is a sectional view showing another example of the four-way solenoid valve according to embodiment 3 of the invention.

Detailed Description

The best mode for carrying out the invention is described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Embodiment 1.

Fig. 1 is a sectional view showing a four-way solenoid valve according to embodiment 1 of the present invention, fig. 1(a) is a front sectional view, and fig. 1(b) is a partial side sectional view. In the four-way solenoid valve of the present embodiment, the valve body 1 is formed in a cylindrical shape having the flow space R formed therein, and is made of a nonmagnetic material such as brass. A connection port 1a is formed on one side surface of the valve main body 1, and a seat portion 2 having three connection ports 1b, 1c, and 1d arranged in a triangular shape with respect to the seat surface is brazed to the other side surface opposite thereto. The pipe 4 is brazed to the flow passage hole of the connection port 1a, the large diameter portions 1b1, 1c1, and 1d1 are provided to the flow passage holes of the connection ports 1b, 1c, and 1d, and the pipe 5 is inserted into and brazed to these large diameter portions.

The plunger cylinder 21 is joined to the upper inner diameter portion of the valve body 1 by brazing or the like and is integrated with the valve body 1. The plunger 20 made of a magnetic material is movably accommodated in the plunger cylinder 21. A small diameter portion 20a is formed on the valve body 1 side of the plunger 20, a connecting plate 11 is inserted into a hole 20b provided inside the small diameter portion 20a, and the connecting plate 11 is connected to the plunger 20 by caulking the small diameter portion 20 a. A through hole 11a perpendicular to the axial direction is formed in the connecting plate 11, and a slide valve body 3 made of rubber, polyvinyl fluoride (or polytetrafluoroethylene), polyacetal (or polyacetal copolymer), or the like is fitted into the through hole 11 a. A connecting recess 3a is formed in a portion opposed to the plurality of connection ports 1b, 1c, 1d of the slide valve body 3. A leaf spring 13 attached to the connecting plate 11 by a rivet 12 is provided on the back surface of the slide valve body 3, and the slide valve body 3 is pressed against the valve seat surfaces of the connection ports 1b, 1c, and 1d by the leaf spring 13.

On the other hand, an inner core 22 is disposed on the side of the plunger 20 opposite to the valve main body 1, and a return compression coil spring 23 is disposed between the plunger 20 and the inner core 22. An outer core 24 made of a magnetic material also serving as a housing and an electromagnetic coil 25 surrounding the outer core 24 are disposed around the plunger 20 and the inner core 22.

Next, the operation of the four-way solenoid valve of the present embodiment will be described. When the electromagnetic coil 25 is not energized, the plunger 20 is pressurized by the compression coil spring 23, and the slide valve body 3 communicates the connection ports 1c and 1d via the connection-purpose recess 3a and communicates the connection ports 1a and 1b via the flow space R inside the valve seat body 1 via the connection plate 11 fixed to the plunger 20. When the electromagnetic coil 25 is energized, the plunger 20 is attracted and moved toward the inner core 22 while compressing the compression coil spring 23 by the generated electromagnetic force. Accordingly, the slide valve body 3 is also moved upward by the link plate 11 fixed by caulking to the plunger 20, and the connection ports 1c and 1b are communicated with each other through the communication concave portion 3a of the slide valve body 3, and the connection ports 1a and 1d are communicated with each other through the flow space R in the valve main body 1.

In the present embodiment, the three connection ports 1b, 1c, and 1d formed on the other side surface of the valve main body 1 facing the connection port 1a are arranged in a triangular shape with respect to the valve seat surface. Fig. 2(a) and (b) are diagrams showing the arrangement of the slide valve body and the three connection ports according to the present embodiment and the conventional technique. As described above, the large diameter portions 1b1, 1c1, and 1d1 are provided in the flow passage holes of the connection ports 1b, 1c, and 1d, and the pipe 5 is inserted into the large diameter portions 1b1, 1c1, and 1d 1. Here, since there is a limit to downsizing of the pipe diameter of the pipe 5, there is a limit to downsizing of the large diameter portions 1b1, 1c1, and 1d 1. Further, when the pipes 5 are to be brought close to each other, the thickness of the partition wall between the large diameter portions becomes thin, and there is a limit to the processing for reducing the interval between the large diameter portions. Therefore, as shown in the conventional example of fig. 2(b), when the connection ports 1b, 1c, and 1d are arranged in parallel, the stroke length h2 of the slide valve body 3 is increased due to the restriction of the diameters of the large-diameter portions 1b1, 1c1, and 1d1 and the restriction of the thickness of the partition wall between the large-diameter portions. Therefore, in the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 2(a), the connection ports 1b, 1c, and 1d are arranged in a triangular shape with respect to the valve seat surface. Accordingly, even if there are restrictions on the diameters of the large diameter portions 1b1, 1c1, and 1d1 and restrictions on the thickness of the partition wall between the large diameter portions, the stroke length h1 of the slide valve body 3 can be made shorter than the conventional stroke length h2, and the electric power consumption during the suction of the electromagnetic coil 25 can be suppressed.

As described above, according to the present embodiment, the connection ports 1b1, 1c1, and 1d1 are arranged in a triangular shape with respect to the valve seat surface, so that the connection ports 1b and 1d can be arranged closest to each other by arranging the connection ports at a distance without changing the diameter of the pipe 5. Thereby, the hole pitch of the connection port can be reduced as compared with the conventional case where the connection port is linearly arranged with respect to the sliding direction, and therefore the sliding distance of the plunger 20 can be shortened. As a result, since the plunger 20 can be attracted by a small magnetomotive force, the electric power for driving the four-way solenoid valve and maintaining the state thereof can be reduced.

In addition, when the four-way solenoid valve according to the present embodiment is incorporated into a cooling/heating system and used, since the operating electric power of the solenoid that does not contribute to the cooling or heating operation can be reduced, COP (Coefficient of Performance) can be improved.

Embodiment 2.

Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a four-way solenoid valve according to embodiment 2 of the present invention, fig. 3(a) is a cross-sectional side view showing a state before plunger suction, and fig. 3(b) is a cross-sectional side view showing a state after plunger suction. In the four-way solenoid valve of the present embodiment, the valve body 1 is formed in a cylindrical shape having the flow space R formed therein, and is made of a nonmagnetic material such as brass. A connection port 1a is formed on one side surface of the valve main body 1, and a valve seat portion 2 having three connection ports 1b, 1c, and 1d arranged in a triangular shape with respect to the valve seat surface is attached to the other side surface opposite to the connection port 1 a. The pipe 4 is brazed to the flow passage hole of the connection port 1a, the large diameter portions 1b1, 1c1, and 1d1 are provided to the flow passage holes of the connection ports 1b, 1c, and 1d, and the pipe 5 is inserted into and brazed to these large diameter portions.

The plunger cylinder 21 is joined to the upper inner diameter portion of the valve body 1 by brazing or the like, and is integrated with the valve body 1. The plunger 20 made of a magnetic material is movably accommodated in the plunger cylinder 21. A small diameter portion 20a is formed on the valve body 1 side of the plunger 20, a connecting plate 11 is inserted into a hole 20b provided inside the small diameter portion 20a, and the connecting plate 11 is connected to the plunger 20 by caulking the small diameter portion 20 a. A through hole 11a perpendicular to the axial direction is formed in the connecting plate 11, and a slide valve body 3 made of rubber, polyvinyl fluoride (or polytetrafluoroethylene), polyacetal (or polyacetal copolymer), or the like is fitted into the through hole 11 a. A connecting recess 3a is formed in a portion of the slide valve body 3 facing the connecting ports 1b, 1c, and 1 d. Further, a leaf spring 13 attached to the connecting plate 11 by rivets is provided on the back surface of the slide valve body 3, and the slide valve body 3 is pressed against the valve seat surfaces of the connection ports 1b, 1c, and 1d by the leaf spring 13.

On the other hand, an inner core 22 is disposed on the side of the plunger 20 opposite to the valve main body 1, and a compression coil spring 23 for return is disposed between the plunger 20 and the inner core 22. Further, an outer core 24 made of a magnetic material and an electromagnetic coil 25 surrounding the outer core 24 are disposed around the inner core 22.

Next, the operation of the four-way solenoid valve of the present embodiment will be described. When the electromagnetic coil 25 is not energized, the plunger 20 is pressurized by the compression coil spring 23, and the slide valve body 3 communicates the connection ports 1c and 1d via the communication concave portion 3a and communicates the connections 1a and 1b via the flow space R inside the valve main body 1. When the electromagnetic coil 23 is energized, the plunger 20 is attracted and moved toward the inner core 22 while compressing the compression spring 23 by the generated electromagnetic force. Accordingly, the connecting portion 11 of the slide valve body 3 fixed to the plunger 20 by caulking also moves upward, and the connecting ports 1c and 1b communicate with each other via the communication concave portion 3a of the slide valve body 3, and the connecting ports 1a and 1d communicate with each other via the flow space R inside the valve main body 1.

The present embodiment is characterized in that the cross-sectional area of the portion 22A near the gap between the inner core 22 and the plunger 20 is made larger than the cross-sectional area of the portion 22B of the inner core 22 surrounded by the electromagnetic coil 25 with respect to the shape of the inner core 22, and the cross-sectional area of the large-diameter portion 20A facing the inner core 22 is made substantially equal to the cross-sectional area of the portion 22A near the gap of the inner core 22 with respect to the shape of the plunger 20. In order to reduce the magnetic loss due to rapid expansion at the boundary portion between the large diameter portion 22A and the small diameter portion 22B of the inner core 22, R of about R1 to R2 is preferably provided at the root portion. Further, the hollow portion 200 and the vent hole 201 are provided in the plunger 20, and even when a highly viscous substance such as sediment enters and blocks the gap 205 between the plunger 20 and the valve main body 1, the gas present in the space 206 between the plunger 20 and the plunger cylinder 21 is discharged, and the sliding of the plunger 20 is not suppressed.

According to the present embodiment as described above, the sectional area of the portion 22A near the gap of the inner core 22 is made larger than the sectional area of the portion 22B of the inner core 22 surrounded by the electromagnetic coil 25, and the sectional area of the large diameter portion 20A of the plunger 20 facing the inner core 22 is made substantially equal to the sectional area of the portion 22A near the gap of the inner core 22, whereby the magnetic resistance of the gap portion between the plunger 20 and the inner core 22 can be reduced without increasing the coil core diameter of the electromagnetic coil 25, and the plunger 20 can be attracted with a small magnetomotive force, so that the electric power for driving and holding the four-way solenoid valve can be reduced.

In addition, when the four-way solenoid valve according to the present embodiment is incorporated into a cooling/heating system and used, since the operating electric power of the solenoid that does not contribute to the cooling or heating operation can be reduced, COP (Coefficient of Performance) can be improved.

In the present embodiment, the example in which the three connection ports 1b, 1c, and 1d are arranged in a triangular shape with respect to the valve seat surface has been described, but the three connection ports 1b, 1c, and 1d may be arranged in a straight line with respect to the valve seat surface.

In the above embodiment, the plunger 20 and the inner core 22 are formed as an integral member as shown in fig. 3, but the plunger 20 may be formed as a separate member from the gap-vicinity portion 20A and the valve-body-side portion 20B as shown in fig. 14, or the inner core 22 may be formed as a separate member from the gap-vicinity portion 22A and the valve-body-side portion 22B, and may be joined by press-fitting, brazing, welding, or the like, respectively, to improve the yield. In this case, by making the joint area of the individual members larger than the cross-sectional area of the member on the small diameter side, the magnetic resistance can be prevented from increasing as compared with the integral type member.

Further, as shown in fig. 15, a cylindrical plunger cylinder 21 may be configured to have different diameters at both opening ends by reducing or expanding the diameter, or by press working, and the plunger 20 having different diameters of the gap-side portion 20A and the valve main body-side portion 20B may be slidably accommodated. Thus, the material yield of the valve main body 1 can be improved. In this case, the gap vicinity portion 20A and the valve main body side portion 20B of the plunger 20 may be formed of two or more members, or may be formed as a single integral member by cutting or the like.

Further, as shown in fig. 16, by making the different diameter portions of the plunger 20 and the inner core 22 as separate members and manufacturing the large diameter portions 20A and 22A by press working or sheet metal working, it is possible to provide a more inexpensive apparatus.

Embodiment 3.

Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a four-way solenoid valve according to embodiment 3 of the present invention, fig. 4(a) is a cross-sectional side view showing a state before plunger suction, and fig. 4(b) is a cross-sectional side view showing a state after plunger suction. In the four-way solenoid valve of the present embodiment, the valve body 1 is formed in a cylindrical shape having the flow space R formed therein, and is formed of a non-magnetic material such as brass. A connection port 1a is formed on one side surface of the valve main body 1, and a valve seat portion 2 having three connection ports 1b, 1c, and 1d arranged in a triangular shape with respect to the valve seat surface is attached to the other side surface opposite thereto. The pipe 4 is brazed to the flow passage hole of the connection port 1a, the large diameter portions 1b1, 1c1, and 1d1 are provided to the flow passage holes of the connection ports 1b, 1c, and 1d, and the pipe 5 is inserted into and brazed to these large diameter portions.

The plunger cylinder 21 is joined to the upper inner diameter portion of the valve body 1 by brazing or the like, and is formed integrally with the valve body. The plunger 20 made of a magnetic material is movably accommodated in the plunger cylinder 21. A small diameter portion 20a is formed on the valve body 1 side of the plunger 20, the connecting plate 11 is inserted into a hole 20b provided inside the small diameter portion 20a, and the connecting plate 11 is connected to the plunger 20 by caulking the small diameter portion 20 a. A through hole 11a perpendicular to the axial direction is formed in the connecting plate 11, and a slide valve body 3 made of rubber, polyvinyl fluoride (or polytetrafluoroethylene), polyacetal (or polyacetal copolymer), or the like is fitted into the through hole 11 a. A communication recess 3a is formed in a portion of the slide valve body 3 facing the connection ports 1b, 1c, and 1 d. Further, a leaf spring 13 attached to the connecting plate 11 by a rivet 12 is provided on the back surface of the slide valve body 3, and the slide valve body 3 is pressed against the valve seat surface of the connection ports 1b, 1c, and 1d by the leaf spring 13.

On the other hand, an inner core 22 is disposed on the side of the plunger 20 opposite to the valve main body 1, and a compression coil spring 23 for return is disposed between the plunger 20 and the inner core 22. Further, around the inner core 22, an outer core 24 made of a magnetic material and an electromagnetic coil 25 surrounding the outer core 24 are disposed.

The cross-sectional area of the portion 22A near the gap between the inner core 22 and the plunger 20 is made larger than the cross-sectional area of the portion 22B of the inner core 22 surrounding the electromagnetic coil, and the cross-sectional area of the large-diameter portion 20A facing the inner core 22 is made substantially equal to the cross-sectional area of the portion 22A near the gap of the inner core 22. Here, in order to reduce the magnetic loss due to rapid expansion at the boundary portion between the large diameter portion 22A and the small diameter portion 22B of the inner core 22, R of about R1 to R2 is preferably provided at the root portion. Further, the hollow portion 200 and the gas discharge hole 201 are provided in the plunger 20, and even when a highly viscous substance such as sludge enters and blocks the gap 205 between the plunger 20 and the valve main body 1, the gas present in the space 206 between the plunger 20 and the plunger cylinder 21 is discharged, and the sliding of the plunger 20 is not suppressed.

Next, the operation of the four-way solenoid valve of the present embodiment will be described. When the electromagnetic coil 25 is not energized, the plunger 20 is pressurized by the compression coil spring 23, and the slide valve body 3 communicates the connection ports 1c and 1d via the communication concave portion 3a and communicates the connection ports 1a and 1b via the flow space R inside the valve main body 1. When the electromagnetic coil 25 is energized, the plunger 20 is attracted and moved toward the inner core 22 while compressing the compression coil spring 23 by the generated electromagnetic force. Accordingly, the slide valve body 3 is also moved upward by the connecting plate 11 swaged and fixed to the plunger 20, and the connecting ports 1c and 1b are communicated with each other via the communication concave portion 3a of the slide valve body 3, and the connecting ports 1a and 1d are communicated with each other via the flow space R inside the valve main body 1.

In the present embodiment, the outer core 24 is formed in such a manner that the area of a portion 24A of the outer core facing the plunger 20 is larger than the cross-sectional area of the other thick plate portions. Here, the enlarged portion 24A of the outer core 24 may be formed by burring the outer core 24, by joining annular separate members by brazing, welding, or the like, or by manufacturing the outer core 24 in advance from a thick member and cutting the same.

According to the embodiment described above, since the area of the portion 24A of the outer core 24 facing the plunger 20 is made larger than the cross-sectional area of the other thick plate portions, the magnetic resistance in the facing portion can be reduced, and the plunger 20 can be attracted with a small magnetomotive force. Thus, the electric power for driving the four-way solenoid valve and maintaining the state thereof can be reduced.

In addition, when the four-way solenoid valve according to the present embodiment is incorporated into a cooling/heating system and used, since the operating electric power of the solenoid that does not contribute to the cooling or heating operation can be reduced, COP (Coefficient of Performance) can be improved.

In the present embodiment, the example in which the three connection ports 1b, 1c, and 1d are arranged in a triangular shape with respect to the valve seat surface has been described, but the three connection ports 1b, 1c, and 1d may be arranged in a straight line with respect to the valve seat surface.

In the above embodiment, the plunger 20 and the inner core 22 are configured as a single integral component as shown in fig. 4, but the plunger 20 may be configured as a separate component of the gap-vicinity portion 20A and the valve-body-side portion 20B, and the inner core 22 may be configured as a separate component of the gap-vicinity portion 22A and the valve-body-side portion 22B, as shown in fig. 17, and these components may be joined by press-fitting, brazing, welding, or the like, respectively, whereby the material yield can be improved. In this case, by making the joint area of the individual members larger than the cross-sectional area of the member on the small diameter side, the magnetic resistance can be prevented from increasing as compared with the integral type member.

Further, as shown in fig. 18, a cylindrical plunger cylinder 21 may be configured to be contracted or expanded or press-worked to change the diameters of both open ends, and a plunger 20 having different diameters of the gap-side portion 20A and the valve body-side portion 20B may be slidably accommodated. Thus, the material yield of the valve main body 1 can be improved. In this case, the gap vicinity portion 20A and the valve main body side portion 20B of the plunger 20 may be formed of two or more members, or may be formed as a single integral member by cutting.

Further, as shown in fig. 19, by making the plunger 20 and the inner core 22 different in diameter into separate members and manufacturing the large diameter portions 20A and 22A by press working or sheet metal working, respectively, it is possible to provide a more inexpensive apparatus.

In fig. 4, the cross-sectional area of the portion 22A near the gap between the plunger 20 and the inner core 22 is made larger than the cross-sectional area of the portion 22B of the inner core 22 surrounded by the electromagnetic coil 25, and the cross-sectional area of the large-diameter portion 20A of the plunger 20 facing the inner core 22 is made substantially equal to the cross-sectional area of the portion 22A near the gap of the inner core 22 with respect to the shape of the plunger 20.

Theoretical and numerical validation examples.

In the past, plunger-driven four-way solenoid valves have been known, but at present, the power efficiency thereof has not been studied so much. However, the present inventors have made intensive studies for the first time in accordance with a recent demand for power saving. The specific shape is theoretically and numerically effective as a basis of the configuration of the present invention as described in the above embodiment, as follows.

(1) Plunger clearance and plunger diameter to reluctance relationship

The magnetic path in the plunger suction portion of the four-way solenoid valve is shown in fig. 5. Here, the gap length is l (m), the magnetic permeability is μ (H/m), and the cross-sectional area is s (m)²) The magnetic resistance R is defined by formula (1).

[ mathematical formula 1 ]

<math><mrow> <mi>R</mi> <mo>&equiv;</mo> <mfrac> <mi>l</mi> <mi>&mu;s</mi> </mfrac> <mo>.</mo> <mo>.</mo> <mo>.</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow></math>

Thus, when the vacuum permeability mu is made₀＝4π×10^-7(H/m) plunger diameter D₁(m) magnetic resistance R due to stroke length_M1(1/H) is represented by the formula (2).

[ mathematical formula 2 ]

<math><mrow> <msub> <mi>R</mi> <mrow> <mi>M</mi> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mi>x</mi> <mrow> <msub> <mi>&mu;</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> <msub> <mi>s</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mi>x</mi> <mrow> <mn>4</mn> <mi>&pi;</mi> <mo>&times;</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mn>7</mn> </msup> <msup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>D</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mn>1</mn> </mfrac> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mi>&pi;</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1.013</mn> <mo>&times;</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mn>6</mn> </msup> <mfrac> <mi>x</mi> <msup> <msub> <mi>D</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mn>2</mn> </msup> </mfrac> <mo>.</mo> <mo>.</mo> <mo>.</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow></math>

Next, when the wire diameter of the spring is set to 0.5mm and the relative magnetic permeability of iron is set to 760, the magnetic resistance R caused by the spring is set to_M2(1/H) represented by the formula (3).

[ mathematical formula 3 ]

<math><mrow> <msub> <mi>R</mi> <mrow> <mi>M</mi> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mi>x</mi> <mrow> <mi>&mu;</mi> <msub> <mi>&mu;</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> <msub> <mi>s</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mi>x</mi> <mrow> <mn>760</mn> <mo>&times;</mo> <mn>4</mn> <mi>&pi;</mi> <mo>&times;</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mn>7</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>&times;</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mfrac> <mn>0.5</mn> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mi>&pi;</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>=</mo> <mn>5.333</mn> <mo>&times;</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mn>9</mn> </msup> <mi>x</mi> <mo>.</mo> <mo>.</mo> <mo>.</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>3</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow></math>

When the thickness of the outer core is 2mm, the magnetic flux passing area ratio alpha is 2, and the diameter of the outer core is D₂(m) plunger diameter D₁(m) and a gap length D ═ D₂-D₁) Reluctance R due to space gap at/2 (m)_M3(1/H) is represented by formula (4).

[ mathematical formula 4 ]

<math><mrow> <msub> <mi>R</mi> <mrow> <mi>M</mi> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mi>d</mi> <mrow> <msub> <mi>&mu;</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> <mi>t&alpha;</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mi>D</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>D</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mi>&pi;</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mi>d</mi> <mrow> <mn>4</mn> <mi>&pi;</mi> <mo>&times;</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mn>7</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>&times;</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo>&times;</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo>&times;</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <msub> <mi>D</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mi>d</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mi>&pi;</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mrow> <mn>1.579</mn> <mo>&times;</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mn>8</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>D</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mi>d</mi> </mfrac> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>.</mo> <mo>.</mo> <mo>.</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>4</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow></math>

On the other hand, the total magnetic resistance R_MRepresented by formula (5).

[ math figure 5 ]

<math><mrow> <msub> <mi>R</mi> <mi>M</mi> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mi>R</mi> <mrow> <mi>M</mi> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>R</mi> <mrow> <mi>M</mi> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <msub> <mi>R</mi> <mrow> <mi>M</mi> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>R</mi> <mrow> <mi>M</mi> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>R</mi> <mrow> <mi>M</mi> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <mn>5.402</mn> <mo>&times;</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mn>15</mn> </msup> <mi>x</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>1.013</mn> <mo>&times;</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mn>6</mn> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <mn>5.333</mn> <mo>&times;</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mn>9</mn> </msup> <msup> <msub> <mi>D</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mn>2</mn> </msup> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>+</mo> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mrow> <mn>1.579</mn> <mo>&times;</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mn>8</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>D</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mi>d</mi> </mfrac> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>.</mo> <mo>.</mo> <mo>.</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>5</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow></math>

(2) Calculation of the attractive force generated by the solenoid

The attractive force generated by the electromagnetic coil cannot be directly calculated, and therefore is obtained from the change in energy. Considering the case of a coil simply connected to a battery, when a power supply voltage is set to e (v), a self-inductance is set to L (1/H), and an internal resistance of the coil is set to R (Ω), the following equation (6) is established between the time when the switch is turned on and the steady state according to Kirchhoff's law.

[ mathematical formula 6 ]

$E=\mathrm{Ri}+L\frac{\mathrm{di}}{\mathrm{dt}}...\left(6\right)$

Now, when the two sides of the equation (6) are multiplied by i and dt to be integrated, the equation becomes the following equation (7).

[ mathematical formula 7 ]

∫Eidt＝∫Ri²dt+∫Lidt

...(7)

Therefore, the total energy (equation (8)) is obtained by integrating equation (7) from the time the switch is turned on to the time a constant current flows, that is, from the time the current value is from 0 to I.

[ mathematical formula 8 ]

<math><mrow> <msubsup> <mo>&Integral;</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mn>1</mn> </msubsup> <mi>Eidt</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msubsup> <mo>&Integral;</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mn>1</mn> </msubsup> <mi>R</mi> <msup> <mi>i</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mi>dt</mi> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mo>&Integral;</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mn>1</mn> </msubsup> <mi>Lidi</mi> </mrow></math>

<math><mrow> <msubsup> <mo>&Integral;</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mn>1</mn> </msubsup> <mi>Eidt</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msubsup> <mo>&Integral;</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mn>1</mn> </msubsup> <mi>R</mi> <msup> <mi>i</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mi>dt</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>L</mi> <msup> <mi>I</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> <mo>.</mo> <mo>.</mo> <mo>.</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>8</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow></math>

The first term on the right side of equation (8) is energy that is lost as heat, and the second term is electromagnetic energy. Therefore, when the electromagnetic energy is W_mWhen W is_mBecomes the formula (9).

[ mathematical formula 9 ]

$W_m=\frac{L{I}^2}{2}...\left(9\right)$

On the other hand, when the suction force is F, the work W performed by the plunger when the plunger gap is x is expressed by equation (10).

[ MATHEMATICAL FORMULATION 10 ]

W＝fx...(10)

Here, since the amount of change in mechanical energy is equal to the amount of change in electromagnetic energy, the attractive force F is expressed by equation (11).

[ mathematical formula 11 ]

$F=\frac{\mathrm{dW}}{\mathrm{dx}}=\frac{d{W}_m}{\mathrm{dx}}=\frac{d}{\mathrm{dx}}\left(\frac{L{I}^2}{2}\right)=\frac{1}{2}\frac{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="dL\; dx\; I"\; filenames="C20061000583900241.png,C20061000583900251.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">dL</figure-callout>}}{\mathrm{dx}}{I}^{}{}^2...\left(11\right)$

(3) Electromagnetic coil attraction force in relation to plunger diameter and magnetic resistance

The relationship between the magnetomotive force and the magnetic force lines of the electromagnetic coil is obtained below. Consider now an infinitely long solenoid like that shown in fig. 6. The rectangular path shown in fig. 6 is chosen, with one side AB lying inside the solenoid parallel to the axis and the opposite side CD outside and having a length of 1 respectively. Here, when Ampere's law is applied to a rectangle in which the side CD is extended to infinity, and the current flowing through the coil is J and the magnetic field strength is H, the work W is expressed by equation (12).

[ MATHEMATICAL FORMULATION 12 ]

W＝∮Hds＝nJ...(12)

Where n is the number of turns per unit length.

[ mathematical formula 13 ]

Here, phi Hds, since between AB: h — H × 1, between BC: h ═ 0, between CDs: h ═ 0 (due to infinity), between DA: h is 0, so it becomes

∮Hds＝H...(13)

Thus, the following expression (14) holds.

[ CHEMICAL EQUATION 14 ]

H＝nJ...(14)

On the other hand, the magnetic field line Φ per unit length is expressed by equation (15).

[ mathematical formula 15 ]

φ＝BS＝μHS＝μnJS...(15)

Here, when the coil length is l and the magnetic permeability is μ, the electromotive force ∈ is expressed by the following expression (16).

[ mathematical formula 16 ]

<math><mrow> <mi>&epsiv;</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mi>nl</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mfrac> <mi>d&phi;</mi> <mi>dt</mi> </mfrac> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mi>nl&mu;nS</mi> <mfrac> <mi>dJ</mi> <mi>dt</mi> </mfrac> <mo>=</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mi>&mu;</mi> <msup> <mi>n</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mi>lS</mi> <mfrac> <mi>dJ</mi> <mi>dt</mi> </mfrac> <mo>.</mo> <mo>.</mo> <mo>.</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>16</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow></math>

On the other hand, the electromotive force ∈ is defined by the following formula (17).

[ mathematical formula 17 ]

<math><mrow> <mi>&epsiv;</mi> <mo>&equiv;</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mi>L</mi> <mfrac> <mi>dJ</mi> <mi>dt</mi> </mfrac> <mo>.</mo> <mo>.</mo> <mo>.</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>17</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow></math>

Accordingly, the formula (18) is established by the formula (16) and the formula (17).

[ 18 ] of the mathematical formula

L＝μn ²lS...(18)

Here, let R be the magnetic resistance_MWhen N is the number of coil turns at 1 μ S, expression (18) is expressed by expression (19).

[ mathematical formula 19 ]

<math><mrow> <mi>L</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>&mu;</mi> <msup> <mi>n</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mi>lS</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>&mu;</mi> <msup> <mi>n</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <msup> <mi>l</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mi>S</mi> </mrow> <mi>l</mi> </mfrac> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>&mu;</mi> <msup> <mi>N</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mi>S</mi> </mrow> <mi>l</mi> </mfrac> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <msup> <mi>N</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mfrac> <mi>l</mi> <mi>&mu;S</mi> </mfrac> </mfrac> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <msup> <mi>N</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <msub> <mi>R</mi> <mi>M</mi> </msub> </mfrac> <mo>.</mo> <mo>.</mo> <mo>.</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>19</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow></math>

Thus, the attractive force F of the formula (11) is expressed by the formula (20)

[ mathematical formula 20 ]

$F=\frac{1}{2}\frac{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="dL\; dx\; I"\; filenames="C20061000583900241.png,C20061000583900251.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">dL</figure-callout>}}{\mathrm{dx}}{I}^{}{}^2=\frac{1}{2}\frac{d}{\mathrm{dx}}\left(\frac{N^2}{R_M}\right)I^2=\frac{1}{2}{I}^2{N}^2\frac{d}{\mathrm{dx}}\left(\frac{1}{R_M}\right)=\frac{1}{2}{I}^2{N}^2(-{R_M}^{-2})\frac{d}{\mathrm{dx}}{R}_M$

<math><mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> <msup> <mi>I</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <msup> <mi>N</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mo>-</mo> <msup> <msub> <mi>R</mi> <mi>M</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mfrac> <mrow> <mn>5.402</mn> <mo>&times;</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mn>15</mn> </msup> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>1.013</mn> <mo>&times;</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mn>6</mn> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <mn>5.333</mn> <mo>&times;</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mn>9</mn> </msup> <msup> <msub> <mi>D</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mn>2</mn> </msup> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>.</mo> <mo>.</mo> <mo>.</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>20</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow></math>

(4) Relation of individual parameters to the required electrical power

The current required for attracting the plunger is approximately determined by the magnetic resistance of the plunger gap portion. The parameters for reducing the magnetic resistance of the gap portion are concentrated on both the length of the plunger gap and the cross-sectional area of the plunger gap portion. In the following, these two parameters and the necessary electrical power are described.

(4.1) relationship between the length of the plunger and the necessary electric Power

Let the diameter D1 of the plunger equal to 9.8 × 10^-3The relationship between the gap length x (m) and the current i (a) at this time was determined in the same manner as in the conventional product except that (m), the attraction force F was 5.35(N), and the number of turns of the coil N was 4300 (turns).

When the above parameters are substituted into the above equations (5) and (20), the following equation (21) holds.

[ mathematical formula 21 ]

<math><mrow> <mi>F</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>5.35</mn> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>N</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> <msup> <mi>I</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mo>&times;</mo> <msup> <mn>4300</mn> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <msup> <msub> <mi>R</mi> <mi>M</mi> </msub> <mn>2</mn> </msup> </mfrac> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>&times;</mo> <mn>3.542</mn> <mo>&times;</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mn>9</mn> </msup> </mrow></math>

R_M＝3.542×10⁹x+4.780×10⁶...(21)

When I is solved by the above formula (21), the following formula (22) is obtained.

[ mathematical formula 22 ]

I＝45.28x+6.113×10^-2...(22)

Wherein, x: plunger gap length (m), I: the necessary current (A). When the results are plotted in a graph, the relationship between the plunger gap length and the required current is established as shown in fig. 7. Here, for example, when the length of the plunger gap is changed from 2mm to 1mm, the necessary current is changed from 152mA to 106mA, and the resistance R inside the coil is set to a constant value, and the consumed electric power is changed to W-RI²Expressed as proportional to the square of the current, is (106/152)²Since 0.4863, it can be seen that the ratio becomes half or less.

(4.2) relationship between the sectional area of the plunger gap portion and the required electric power

Let the plunger gap length equal to 2.0 × 10^-3(m), an attractive force F of 5.35(N), and a number of coil turns N of 4300 (turns), and the plunger diameter D at this time was determined as in the conventional case₁(m) with respect to the current I (A). When the above-described respective parameters are substituted into the foregoing formula, it becomes formula (23).

[ mathematical formula 23 ]

<math><mrow> <mi>F</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>5.35</mn> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>N</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> <msup> <mi>I</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mo>&times;</mo> <msup> <mn>4300</mn> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mo>&times;</mo> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <msup> <msub> <mi>R</mi> <mi>M</mi> </msub> <mn>2</mn> </msup> </mfrac> <mo>&times;</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <mn>5.402</mn> <mo>&times;</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mn>5</mn> </msup> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>1.013</mn> <mo>&times;</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mn>6</mn> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <mn>5.333</mn> <mo>&times;</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mn>9</mn> </msup> <mo>&times;</mo> <msup> <msub> <mi>D</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mn>2</mn> </msup> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow></math>

<math><mrow> <msub> <mi>R</mi> <mi>M</mi> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <mn>5.402</mn> <mo>&times;</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mn>15</mn> </msup> <mo>&times;</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo>&times;</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>1.013</mn> <mo>&times;</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mn>6</mn> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <mn>5.333</mn> <mo>&times;</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mn>9</mn> </msup> <mo>&times;</mo> <msup> <msub> <mi>D</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mn>2</mn> </msup> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>+</mo> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mrow> <mn>1.974</mn> <mo>&times;</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mn>5</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>&times;</mo> <msub> <mi>D</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1.579</mn> <mo>&times;</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mn>8</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>.</mo> <mo>.</mo> <mo>.</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>23</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow></math>

By solving for I by the above equation (223), equation (24) is obtained.

[ mathematical formula 24 ]

<math><mrow> <mi>I</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msqrt> <mn>5.787</mn> <mo>&times;</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mn>7</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>&times;</mo> <msup> <msub> <mi>R</mi> <mi>M</mi> </msub> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mo>&times;</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>1.875</mn> <mo>&times;</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mn>10</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <mn>9.872</mn> <mo>&times;</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mn>7</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>&times;</mo> <msup> <msub> <mi>D</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </msqrt> </mrow></math>

Wherein, <math><mrow> <msup> <msub> <mi>R</mi> <mi>M</mi> </msub> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mo>=</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <mn>2.025</mn> <mo>&times;</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mn>3</mn> </msup> </mrow> <mrow> <msup> <msub> <mi>D</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1.899</mn> <mo>&times;</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>+</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <mn>5.066</mn> <mo>&times;</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mn>4</mn> </msup> </mrow> <mrow> <msub> <mi>D</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mn>7.999</mn> <mo>&times;</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mo>.</mo> <mo>.</mo> <mo>.</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>24</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow></math>

wherein D is₁: plunger diameter (m), I: the amount of current necessary (a). When the results are plotted as a curve, as shown in fig. 8. Further, when the cross-sectional area of the plunger gap portion is plotted as a curve, it is as shown in fig. 9. From these figures, it can be seen that to about 2000mm²(plunger diameter 25mm), the necessary current is reduced a lot, but the effect is then reduced. For example, when the current plunger diameter is increased from 9.8mm to 25mm, the required current is changed from 152mA to 96mA, and when the inherent resistance of the coil is constant, the required electric power is proportional to the square of the current, so that (96/152)²0.3989, which becomes forty percent or less.

Fig. 10 shows the relationship between the cross-sectional area ratio of the plunger gap portion and the required current. Here, the plunger gap section area ratio was 78.5mm based on the value of φ 10²Except the cross-sectional area ratio of the cross-sectional area of each plunger gap portion. Fig. 11 shows the relationship between the plunger gap section area ratio and the required electric power. Here, since the coil resistance value is 260 Ω with respect to the necessary electric power, W ═ I is used²R, calculated as R ═ 260.

According to the graphs of fig. 10 and 11, when the cross-sectional area ratio of the plunger gap portion exceeds 25, the reduction of the necessary current and the necessary electric power becomes small. Therefore, it is preferable that the sectional area of the plunger gap vicinity portion is not more than 25 times the sectional area of the portion of the inner core surrounded by the electromagnetic coil.

(4.3) relationship between the height of the burring and the necessary electric power

Plunger gap length: x is 2.0X 10^-3(m), plunger diameter: d₁＝9.8×10^-3(m), attractive force F is 5.35(N), and the number of coil turns N is 4300 (turn), and the magnetic resistances of the above equations (1), (2), and (3) are changed when calculatedThe following formula (25), formula (26) and formula (27).

[ mathematical formula 25 ]

<math><mrow> <msub> <mi>R</mi> <mrow> <mi>M</mi> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1.013</mn> <mo>&times;</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mn>6</mn> </msup> <mfrac> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mo>&times;</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> <msup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>9.8</mn> <mo>&times;</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msup> </mfrac> <mo>=</mo> <mn>2.110</mn> <mo>&times;</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mn>7</mn> </msup> <mo>.</mo> <mo>.</mo> <mo>.</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>25</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow></math>

[ 26 ] of the mathematical formula

R_M2＝5.333×10⁹×2×10^-3＝1.067×10⁷...(26)

[ mathematical formula 27 ]

<math><mrow> <msub> <mi>R</mi> <mrow> <mi>M</mi> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <mn>0.8</mn> <mo>&times;</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>4</mn> <mi>&pi;</mi> <mo>&times;</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mn>7</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>&times;</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>a</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>&times;</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>9.8</mn> <mo>&times;</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <mn>0.8</mn> <mo>&times;</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mi>&pi;</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow></math>

<math><mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <mn>0.8</mn> <mo>&times;</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>4</mn> <mi>&pi;</mi> <mo>&times;</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mn>7</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>&times;</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo>&times;</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <mi>a</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>&times;</mo> <mn>3.328</mn> <mo>&times;</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow></math>

<math><mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <mn>1.913</mn> <mo>&times;</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mn>4</mn> </msup> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mo>&times;</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <mi>a</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>.</mo> <mo>.</mo> <mo>.</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>27</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow></math>

Here, a: inner flange height (m), t: diffusion amount of 2 × 10^-3(mm), d: gap width of 0.8 × 10^-3(m)。

Thus, the total reluctance R_MRepresented by the following formula (28).

[ mathematical formula 28 ]

<math><mrow> <msub> <mi>R</mi> <mi>M</mi> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mi>R</mi> <mrow> <mi>M</mi> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>R</mi> <mrow> <mi>M</mi> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <msub> <mi>R</mi> <mrow> <mi>M</mi> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>R</mi> <mrow> <mi>M</mi> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>R</mi> <mrow> <mi>M</mi> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mn>7.086</mn> <mo>&times;</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mn>6</mn> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <mn>1.913</mn> <mo>&times;</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mn>4</mn> </msup> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mo>&times;</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <mi>a</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>.</mo> <mo>.</mo> <mo>.</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>28</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow></math>

On the other hand, the attraction force F is expressed by the following expression (29) by substituting the parameter into the expression (20).

[ mathematical formula 29 ]

<math><mrow> <mi>F</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>5.35</mn> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>N</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> <msup> <mi>I</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <msup> <mi>N</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mo>-</mo> <msup> <msub> <mi>R</mi> <mi>M</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mfrac> <mrow> <mn>5.402</mn> <mo>&times;</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mn>15</mn> </msup> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>1.013</mn> <mo>&times;</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mn>6</mn> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <mn>5.333</mn> <mo>&times;</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mn>9</mn> </msup> <mo>&times;</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>9.8</mn> <mo>&times;</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msup> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>.</mo> <mo>.</mo> <mo>.</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>29</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow></math>

The following equation (30) is obtained by solving for I using the above equations (28) and (29).

[ mathematical formula 30 ]

<math><mrow> <mi>I</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>9.056</mn> <mo>&times;</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <mn>2.445</mn> <mo>&times;</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mo>&times;</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <mi>a</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>.</mo> <mo>.</mo> <mo>.</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>30</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow></math>

In the conventional product having a gap length of 2mm and a plug diameter of 9.8mm, the relationship between the plate thickness ratio of the outer core and the required current and the required electric power when only the burring height is changed is shown in fig. 12 and 13.

As can be seen from the theoretical and numerical results described above, the three connection ports disposed on one side surface of the four-way solenoid valve are disposed in a triangular shape with respect to the valve seat surface, so that the plunger stroke is shortened, the magnetic resistance at the plunger gap portion can be reduced, and the electric power consumption during the operation and the holding of the solenoid valve can be reduced. Further, by increasing the cross-sectional areas of the plunger and the core facing each other in the plunger gap portion, the magnetic resistance in the plunger gap portion can be reduced, and the electric power consumption during the operation and the holding of the solenoid valve can be reduced. Further, by increasing the facing area of the outer core and the plunger, the magnetic resistance of the outer core gap portion can be reduced, and the electric power consumption during the operation and holding of the solenoid valve can be reduced.

Claims (1)

1. A four-way solenoid valve, comprising: a valve main body having a first connection port provided on one side surface thereof, second, third, and fourth connection ports provided on a valve seat surface on the other side surface thereof, and a flow chamber formed in the valve main body over the entire region of a group of the connection ports between the first connection port and the second, third, and fourth connection ports; a plunger that moves in an axial direction inside the valve main body; and a slide valve body which is connected to the plunger, is pressure-fitted to the second, third, and fourth connection ports, and is disposed so as to slide;

the second and fourth connection ports are arranged linearly in the axial direction, and the third connection port is arranged on the valve seat surface so as to form a vertex of a triangle together with the second and fourth connection ports;

a slide valve body having a communication recess portion formed in an approximately triangular shape having a base parallel to the axial direction and a tip opposite to the base, the tip being located on a straight line connecting the second connection port and the fourth connection port and the third connection port being located on the base in a state where the slide valve body is attached;

the second and third connection ports or the fourth and third connection ports of the second, third, and fourth connection ports are communicated with each other through the communication recess of the slide valve body, and the other connection ports are communicated with each other through the flow chamber.

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