CN100402806C - Wall-flow type filtering-regeneration device for particulates in exhaust gas from diesel vehicle - Google Patents
Wall-flow type filtering-regeneration device for particulates in exhaust gas from diesel vehicle Download PDFInfo
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- CN100402806C CN100402806C CNB2005100477878A CN200510047787A CN100402806C CN 100402806 C CN100402806 C CN 100402806C CN B2005100477878 A CNB2005100477878 A CN B2005100477878A CN 200510047787 A CN200510047787 A CN 200510047787A CN 100402806 C CN100402806 C CN 100402806C
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Abstract
The invention relates to a soot filtering system for diesel exhaust, in detail a wall-flow micro-particle filtering-regenerating equipment for diesel exhaust, comprising power supply, controlled injection device, fuel dispersion cell, electric heating body, flame dispersion cell, and wall-flow filter for foaming ceramic particle. Fuel dispersion cell, flame dispersion cell and wall flow filter for foaming ceramic particle at the front and back of electric heating body is installed in the sealing shell of cleaner connected with the vent-pipe of diesel engine with the electric heating body. The equipment of invention is provided with high cleaning efficiency and good situ regeneration ability. After particle of diesel vehicle is filtered in effect, intelligence regeneration in loading status is realized so as to possess good durability under the condition that vehicle power supply provides power normally and vehicle runs normally.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the diesel vehicle exhaust carbon-smoke filtration system, specifically a kind of is the wall-flow type filtering-regeneration device for particulates in exhaust gas from diesel vehicle of filtrating equipment carrier with the foam silicon carbide ceramics, can effectively reduce the carbon smoke exhaust of diesel-oil vehicle and realize regeneration under diesel-oil vehicle normal power supply and cruising state.
Background technique
Because the difference of mixing and burning mode, CO and HC lack a lot in the blowdown composition of diesel engine than petrol engine, and soot is tens times of petrol engine even more, and carbon smoke exhaust easier by people from visually intuitively discovering, so the smoke evacuation of diesel-oil vehicle to purify be emphasis and the difficult point that the diesel-oil vehicle blowdown is administered always.
Existing diesel vehicle soot filtering technique is divided into mainly theoretically that face filters and two kinds of body inner filtrations.Face filters the cake filtration mode of crying again, filters and occurs in filter surfaces, and its principle is to make the tail gas stream that contains carbon soot particles cross one to have many Small Holes and the bigger ceramic wall of density.Diesel oil engine carbon smoke particulate can not pass the aperture on the wall and be deposited in the surface of filter.This filter type is very effective, but its resistance is bigger, the exhaust back pressure height.The representative technology of face filtration theory is a honeycomb ceramic filter; The body inner filtration is deep bed filtration again, filtration occurs in filter interior, when tail gas stream is crossed filter, the soot particle wherein and the muscle of filter interior repeatedly collide, mode by diffusion and interception is deposited in the duct of filter, this structure exhaust resistance is little, the soot particle distribution uniform that precipitates in the filter.The representative technology of body inner filtration is ceramic foam filter and fabric filter.
The soot particle filter is after work a period of time, increase along with filter particulates quantity, filter hole blocking phenomenon can take place gradually, obstruction is accumulated to a certain degree, will make exhaust gas flow not smooth, thereby the engine exhaust back pressure is sharply increased, influence engine operation efficient, just need regenerate to filter this moment.The regenerated way of particulate filter mainly contains following several, first kind is utilized catalyst regeneration, promptly add catalyzer on the particulate filter surface, utilize the catalysis of catalyzer to reduce the initiation temperature of particulate, make the particulate that captures at a lower temperature with tail gas in oxygen or nitrogen oxides reaction generate carbon dioxide and remove particulate.But this regenerated way requires the temperature of tail gas must reach certain requirement, and when travelling under automobile low speed or the heavy condition of underloading, exhaust temperature does not often reach this requirement; Second kind of regenerated way is to utilize the mode of heater or burning to improve exhaust temperature, particulate burnt under high temperature condition remove.Preceding two kinds of methods all are the in-situ regeneration modes, and catalyzer still is positioned at former mounting point when promptly regenerating.The ex situ of being exactly regenerated way is arranged again, promptly work as particulate filter and trap after the particulate of some, particulate filter is heated from automobile removes equipment such as being put into air furnace, particle burning is removed.Or with air flow from the other direction blowing the particulate filter of pulling down, soot particle is blown out and collects and remove.
Adopt which kind of regenerated way all to be faced with two problems: the one, the problem of regeneration efficiency, having is exactly that currently used micro particle filtering modulator material is easy to burst because of the rapid heat release of particle burning causes temperature extreme inequality again.These two problems are main difficult problems of present soot filtration-regeneration techniques.The wall-flow type soot particle filter that the present invention adopts high thermal conductivity, low-expansion coefficient, dystectic foam silicon carbide ceramics to make, have the advantage of face filtration and body inner filtration concurrently, the filter efficiency height, good thermal shock, filter in the time of effectively avoiding regenerating bursts phenomenon, guarantees the operational safety of filter; Regeneration adopts the tail gas fuel up in conjunction with electrically heated mode, realizes the low cost regeneration of filter, has prolonged filter working life.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of wall-flow type filtering-regeneration device for particulates in exhaust gas from diesel vehicle, use this device can effectively filter the soot of engine emission, after filtration acquires a certain degree, can carry out in-situ regeneration in conjunction with electrically heated mode to particulate filter, and the significantly sacrificing that this device can not cause engine power is installed with the burning fuel oil.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
A kind of wall-flow type filtering-regeneration device for particulates in exhaust gas from diesel vehicle comprises power supply, controlled fueling injection equipment, fuel oil dispersal unit, electric heating heater, flame dispersal unit, wall-flow type foamed ceramics particulate filter and automatically controlled part.Wherein the electric heating heater is made of the foamed ceramics electric heating unit, the foamed ceramics electric heating unit by conductive silicon carbide foam ceramic, two metal films being welded on the silicon carbide ceramics electrode base that is positioned at the conductive silicon carbide foam ceramic two ends constitute, power supply constitutes the loop by metal film and conductive silicon carbide foam ceramic, is the conductive silicon carbide foam ceramic power supply.Controlled fueling injection equipment is made up of electric pump, solenoid valve, fuel nozzle, and this device is got oil by petroleum pipeline from automotive oil tank.Fuel oil dispersal unit, electric heating heater, flame dispersal unit and in wall-flow type foamed ceramics particulate filter is installed on the purifier package casing that links to each other with diesel engine exhaust together, the fuel nozzle of controlled fueling injection equipment is positioned at the upstream of electric heating heater.Automatically controlled part links to each other with foamed ceramics electric heating heater electrode.
Described wall-flow type foamed ceramics particulate filter is by parallel the combining of multi-disc foam silicon carbide ceramics plate, and the distance between per two complex silicon carbide foamed ceramic panels is 1.5～3mm.Filter interior interlaces and arranges numerous jitties that directly do not communicate mutually, and gas only passes the foam silicon carbide ceramics plate could enter other passage by a passage, and soot particle is filtered in crossing process.
The foam silicon carbide ceramics plate of described formation wall-flow type foamed ceramics particulate filter can have single foam aperture or change the aperture.The foam silicon carbide ceramics plate that changes the aperture is one of following three kinds of preparation methods: a, is composited by the foam silicon carbide ceramics plate in two or more different apertures; B, on the foam silicon carbide ceramics plate in single aperture, prepare micro porous coating; The combination of c, preceding two kinds of methods, promptly in a, mention compound after the foam silicon carbide ceramics plate on prepare micro porous coating again.When adopting variation aperture foamed ceramics, large aperture foamed ceramics face is the tail gas entering surface, and small aperture or micropore face are that tail gas stream is appeared.
Described foamed ceramics electric heating heater is that at least one foamed ceramics electric heating unit is formed, when filter is made of two or two above unit, it between each unit relation in parallel, be linked to be an integral body by the mode of welding between the electrode, the volume of electric heating exhaust purifier is controlled between 50～400ml, and THICKNESS CONTROL is in 10～50mm scope.
Described fuel oil dispersal unit and flame dispersal unit are silicon carbide foam ceramic material, utilize the distinctive three-dimensional communication structure of foamed ceramics, promote the lateral diffusion of fuel oil and flame.
Described foam silicon carbide ceramics is the mark meter by weight, and its composition is made up of 90%～98% silicon carbide and 10%～2% silicon.
Described foam silicon carbide ceramics is an elementary cell with polygonal closed loop, and each elementary cell is interconnected to form three-dimensional networks; Constitute relative density 〉=99% of the ceramic muscle of polygonal closed loop unit, average grain size is at 50nm～10 μ m.
Can prepare the active oxidation aluminium paint on described fuel oil dispersal unit, electric heating heater, the flame dispersal unit, and catalyst-loaded, be carrier with the foam silicon carbide ceramics, the coating levels of every liter of carrier is at 80～130g, and the weight ratio of each material is in the coating: Al
2O
3: CeO
2: La
2O
3: BaO=50～55: 30～40: 2～8: 1～10; The used active substance of catalyzer can be Pt or Pd, and Pt or Pd total content are 1～5g in every liter of carrier.
The present invention mainly comprises three part: a. controlled fueling injection equipment is installed, and when filter need be regenerated, this device sprayed into fuel oil in electric heating heater front portion; B. adopt conductive silicon carbide foam ceramic to do heater, make power supply,, light the fuel oil that controlled fueling injection equipment is sent into, add hot exhaust gas and make particle burning in the wall-flow type particulate filter imposing a condition down to the heater energising with Vehicular accumulator cell; C. adopt the foam silicon carbide ceramics combination wall-flow type particulate filter with three-dimensional netted connectivity structure, resulting filter has the advantage that face filters and body filters concurrently.Parameters such as the mean pore size by adjusting foamed ceramics, the volume fraction of pottery, ceramic plate thickness can reasonably obtain very high filter efficiency under the back pressure condition.And,,, can when regeneration, not burst phenomenon so the anti-thermal shock ability is strong because foam silicon carbide ceramics has characteristics such as low-expansion coefficient, high thermal conductivity and high-melting-point.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has more following beneficial effect:
1. the soot filter is made of foam silicon carbide ceramics, and this filter has following characteristics: a, thermal conductivity is good, guarantees the filter uniformity of temperature profile, avoids the generation of excessive thermal stress and reduces the existence at regeneration dead angle; B, thermal-shock resistance are good, the jump in temperature that the particulate oxide burning causes in the time of can bearing regeneration; C, fusing point height, more than 2000 ℃, guaranteeing at high temperature has long working life.
2. the electric heating heater adopts foam silicon carbide ceramics, realized that heating, filtering function are integrated, simple in structure, and specific resistance can adjustment on a large scale in according to actual needs.Silicon carbide ceramics has good anti-oxidant, high temperature resistance, anti acid alkali performance energy in addition, compares with metallic resistance silk heater, is more suitable for using in the vehicle exhaust environment.
3. adopt fuel oil to inject the regenerated way that combines with electric heating, improved regeneration efficiency.
4. the foamed ceramics wall-flow type structure of filter employing has great filter area, has both increased the probability of collision of particulate matter and filter, improve filter efficiency, promote particulate matter in filter, evenly to disperse, help to reduce back pressure again, reduce the engine power loss.
5. this device adopts Vehicular accumulator cell as the electric heating power supply, need not additional power source, and the automobile improvement scope is little, and cost is low.
6. control system intellectuality can be according to conditions such as water temperature, engine speed and back pressure control reproduced state.
7. adopt the mode of soldering to prepare metal film, it is minimum that contact resistance is reduced to, and improved energy utilization efficiency.
8. apparatus of the present invention have good, controlled filtration-regenerability, under the situation of vehicle power normal power supply and normal vehicle operation and the normal operation of vehicle, can realize effective filtration to diesel particulate, and intelligent in-situ regeneration, make emission of diesel engine in the long time, can both satisfy strict purification standard, have effective, in-situ regeneration, long characteristics of life-span.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a wall-flow type filtering-regeneration device for particulates in exhaust gas from diesel vehicle work schematic representation.
Fig. 2 is the schematic representation of a foamed ceramics electric heating regeneration heat generating body unit (electric heating unit).
Fig. 3 is a wall-flow type foamed ceramics particulate filter structural representation.
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of combined type foam silicon carbide ceramics plate.
Among the figure, 1 diesel engine; 2 cooling-water temperature sensors; 3 speed probes; 4 control units; 5 (PCC) powers; 6 Vehicular accumulator cells; 7 cables; 8 purifier package casings; 9 wall-flow type foamed ceramics particulate filters (main filter); 10 metal films; 11 metal films; 12 electric heating heaters; 13 outlet pipes; 14 pressure transducers; 15 flame dispersal unit; 16 fuel oil dispersal unit; 17 fuel nozzles; 18 solenoid valves; 19 electric pumps; 20 petroleum pipelines; 21 automotive oil tanks; 22 silicon carbide ceramics electrode bases; 23 silicon carbide ceramics electrode bases; 24 conductive silicon carbide foam ceramic heaters; 25 (in the complex silicon carbide foamed ceramic panel) large aperture foam silicon carbide ceramics plate; 26 (in the complex silicon carbide foamed ceramic panel) small aperture foam silicon carbide ceramics plate or have the coating of micropore.
Embodiment
The preparation process of wall-flow type filtering-regeneration device for particulates in exhaust gas from diesel vehicle of the present invention is specific as follows:
1. adopt according to " foam silicon carbon stupalith of a kind of high strength dense and preparation method thereof " (Metal Inst., Chinese Academy of Sciences's application, application number 03134039.3, the applying date: on September 22nd, the 2003) conductive silicon carbide foam ceramic of being done, as the source of used whole foam silicon carbide ceramics among the present invention.
2. silicon carbide foam ceramic material is combined into wall-flow type foamed ceramics particulate filter as shown in Figure 3, as the main filter of wall-flow type filtering-regeneration device for particulates in exhaust gas from diesel vehicle.Air-flow enters main filter by open channel, passes the foam silicon carbide ceramics wall, enters adjacent passage, and shown in the arrow of Fig. 3, soot particle is filtered purification in this process.When employing had the composite foamed ceramic in transition aperture, the large aperture ceramic plane was that tail gas flows into face, and the small aperture ceramic plane is that tail gas stream is appeared.The number of main filter volume and passage and the parameters such as average pore size of foam silicon carbide ceramics can be adjusted according to the requirement of exhaust flow and back pressure.
3. according to the situation of different automobiles, parameters such as the oil spout frequency of controlled fueling injection equipment, fuel injection quantity can be adjusted.
4. according to the demand of resistance, selecting one or more suitable carbonization silicon foam ceramic electrical heating units, as adopt a plurality of unit, then is relation in parallel between each unit, and connects into an integral body by the mode of weld plate on metal film.
5. on foamed ceramics fuel oil dispersal unit, electric heating heater and flame dispersal unit, can prepare the active oxidation aluminium paint, and catalyst-loaded, to promote carbon soot particles accelerated combustion and to reduce the gaseous contaminant discharging in cold start-up stage.
The detailed process of Preparation of Catalyst is as follows:
A, be to soak 5～10 minutes in the NaOH of 2～5M or the KOH solution in concentration, remove its surperficial impurity such as greasy dirt foam silicon carbide ceramics, afterwards water clean, oven dry in 1～4 hour in 100～150 ℃ of air atmospheres again;
B, get γ-Al
2O
3110～160 parts, CeO
250～70 parts, La
2 O
34～20 parts of 2～10 parts, BaO add 500 parts in water after the mixing, ball milling obtained coating paste in 2～4 hours;
C, foamed ceramics was flooded in slurry 2～5 minutes, blow away unnecessary slurry, placed 100～150 ℃ of air atmospheres then dry 20～30 minutes, flood slip after the cooling once more with pressurized air.So repeat repeatedly, until making coating levels reach 80～130g/ (L carrier), at last in 450～500 ℃ of roastings 4～5 hours, the coating preparation finishes;
D, as being catalytic active component with Pt, then get H
2PtCl
610～15 parts, add water and be mixed with mixed solution for 500 parts, the foamed ceramics that will have active coating then vacuum impregnation 10～15 minutes in solution, the pottery after will flooding is afterwards dried in baking oven, 100～150 ℃ of oven temperatures, 20～30 minutes time; Sample after the oven dry 450～500 ℃ of reductase 12～4 hour in hydrogen atmosphere, can to obtain with the foam silicon carbide ceramics be carrier, be the foam silicon carbide ceramics electric heating heater with catalysis and the wall-flow type foamed ceramics particulate filter of catalytic active component with Pt.
E, as being catalytic active component with Pd, then get PdCl
25～20 parts, add water and be mixed with mixed solution for 500 parts, the foamed ceramics that will have active coating then vacuum impregnation 10～15 minutes in solution, the pottery after will flooding is afterwards dried in baking oven, 100～150 ℃ of oven temperatures, 20～30 minutes time; Sample after the oven dry 450～500 ℃ of reductase 12～4 hour in hydrogen atmosphere, can to obtain with the foam silicon carbide ceramics be carrier, be the foam silicon carbide ceramics electric heating heater with catalysis and the wall-flow type foamed ceramics particulate filter of catalytic active component with Pd.
6. fuel oil dispersal unit 16, electric heating heater 12, flame dispersal unit 15 and wall-flow type foamed ceramics particulate filter 9 are packaged in the filter housing 8 together, filter housing is welded by the corrosion resistant plate of 2 millimeters thick, between filter housing 8 and foamed ceramics electric heating heater 12 and the wall-flow type foamed ceramics particulate filter 9 shockproof interlayer is arranged.Filter after the encapsulation links to each other with diesel engine exhaust 13 at inlet end.The oil inlet end of controlled fueling injection equipment is linked to each other with automotive oil tank 21 by petroleum pipeline 20, and fuel nozzle 17 is positioned at the upstream of electric heating heater 12.
Shown in Fig. 1～2, wall-flow type filtering-regeneration device for particulates in exhaust gas from diesel vehicle comprises wall-flow type foamed ceramics particulate filter 9, flame dispersal unit 15, electric heating heater 12, fuel oil dispersal unit 16, controlled fueling injection equipment and automatically controlled part, wherein the electric heating heater 12, flame dispersal unit 15, fuel oil dispersal unit 16 is in wall-flow type foamed ceramics particulate filter 9 is installed on the purifier package casing 8 that links to each other with diesel engine exhaust 13, electric heating heater 12 is made of the foamed ceramics electric heating unit, the foamed ceramics electric heating unit is based on conductive silicon carbide foam ceramic 24, two metal films are welded on the silicon carbide ceramics electrode base 22 that is positioned at conductive silicon carbide foam ceramic 24 two ends, on 23, power supply 6 is by metal film 10,11 constitute loops with conductive silicon carbide foam ceramic 24, are conductive silicon carbide foam ceramic 24 power supplies; Automatically controlled part links to each other with electric heating heater 12 electrodes.Controlled fueling injection equipment is made up of petroleum pipeline 20, electric pump 19, unidirectional electrical magnet valve 18 and fuel nozzle 17, petroleum pipeline 20 links to each other with automotive oil tank 21, fuel nozzle 17 is positioned at the upstream of electric heating heater 12, and the petroleum pipeline between fuel nozzle 17 and the automotive oil tank 21 is provided with electric pump 19, solenoid valve 18.Described automatically controlled part is made up of control unit 4 and (PCC) power 5.The automatically controlled part of the present invention adopts the Chinese invention patent application, application number: 200510046472.1, and the applying date: on May 20th, 2005, see wherein Fig. 5 and relevant explanatory note for details.Difference only is: the solenoid valve and the electric pump of the output terminal of (PCC) power electric heating heater in parallel, controlled fueling injection equipment, controlled fueling injection equipment can carry out controlled continuous or pulsed fuel injection, and pulse frequency and discharge time adopt usual manners can realize control by control unit 4.This control unit 4 can receive the corresponding signal from pressure transducer 14, cooling-water temperature sensor 2, speed probe 3, and according to the startup of controlled fueling injection equipment of SC sigmal control and electric heating heater or close.
After diesel car starts, the vehicle exhaust that contains the soot particulate is discharged by diesel engine 1, arrive fuel oil dispersal unit 16, electric heating heater 12, flame dispersal unit 15 and wall-flow type foamed ceramics particulate filter 9 via outlet pipe 13, soot particle is dammed by foam ceramic filter in this process.The controlled unit 4 of cooling water water temperature, rotating speed and back pressure signal that is monitored by diesel engine cooling water cooling-water temperature sensor 2 and speed probe 3 and pressure transducer 14 receives, and then transmits signals to (PCC) power 5.When back pressure is higher than setting value, all reach under the situation of specifying numerical value in cooling water water temperature and engine speed, (PCC) power 5 is connected circuit, and Vehicular accumulator cell 6 promptly begins to give the electric heating heater 12 power supplies by cable 7, and can be set current"on"time by control unit; After energising a period of time, control unit 4 is opened electric pump 19 and unidirectional electrical magnet valve 18, extracts fuel delivery to fuel nozzle 17 from automotive oil tank 21 by petroleum pipeline 20, by fuel nozzle ejection fuel oil.Fuel oil at first arrives fuel oil dispersal unit 16, is evenly dispersed, and arrives electric heating heater 12 then.The electric heating heater 12 that is in the energising heated condition is lighted fuel oil, the heat that oil inflame discharges is taken to the flame dispersal unit 15 in downstream by tail gas, foamed ceramics flame dispersal unit 15 can reach the even dispersion of flame wall-flow type foamed ceramics particulate filter 9 then, make the soot evenly burning throughout of filtering in the filter, the non-uniform temperature phenomenon when avoiding filter regeneration.Through these processes, whole filtration system reaches the purpose of regeneration.
As shown in Figure 2, the foamed ceramics electric heating unit by conductive silicon carbide foam ceramic 24, two metal films 10,11 of being welded on the silicon carbide ceramics electrode base 22,23 that is positioned at conductive silicon carbide foam ceramic 24 two ends constitute, two metal film 10,11 1 ends are connected with the silicon carbide ceramics electrode base by brazing mode, and the other end links to each other with cable.A complete electric heating heater can be combined by one or more foamed ceramics electric heating units.Under combined situation, between each unit relation in parallel, be linked to be an integral body by the mode of welding between the electrode.The volume of electric heating heater is controlled between 100～400ml, and THICKNESS CONTROL is in 10～50mm scope.
Figure 3 shows that wall-flow type foamed ceramics particulate filter structural representation, wall-flow type foamed ceramics particulate filter 9 is by parallel the combining of multi-disc foam silicon carbide ceramics plate, and the distance between per two complex silicon carbide foamed ceramic panels is 1.5～3mm.Filter interior interlaces and arranges numerous jitties that directly do not communicate mutually, and air-flow is entered by the opening of inlet end, passes through the foamed ceramics wall and enters adjacency channel, and in this process, carbon soot particles is carbonized the silicon foam ceramic plate and filters.
The foam silicon carbide ceramics plate that the present invention constitutes wall-flow type foamed ceramics particulate filter can have single foam aperture or change the aperture, and the foamed ceramic panel that changes the aperture is one of following three kinds of preparation methods: a, is composited by the foamed ceramic panel in two or more different apertures; B, on the foam silicon carbide ceramics plate in single aperture, prepare micro porous coating; The combination of c, preceding two kinds of methods, promptly in a, mention compound after ceramic plate on prepare micro porous coating again.Be no more than the thick coating of 0.5mm with the original preparation slip of foam silicon carbide ceramics is synthetic on foam silicon carbide ceramics, behind sintering, can obtain micro porous coating.Adopt said method, can realize aperture transition on a large scale between complex silicon carbide foamed ceramics aperture is from 1mm to 0.01mm.When adopting variation aperture foamed ceramics, large aperture foamed ceramics face is the tail gas entering surface, and small aperture or micropore face are that tail gas stream is appeared.Have the complex silicon carbide foamed ceramic panel that changes the aperture as shown in Figure 4, aperture foam silicon carbide ceramics plate or coating 26 apertures with micropore are 0.01mm～0.5mm; Macropore foam silicon carbide ceramics plate 25 apertures are 0.1mm～1mm.
Exhaust gas cleaner of the present invention mainly is made of above-mentioned foamed ceramics soot filtration-electric heating regenerative purifier (containing fuel oil dispersal unit 16, electric heating heater 12, flame dispersal unit 15 and wall-flow type foamed ceramics particulate filter 9) and intelligent control unit 4, controlled fueling injection equipment, electric heating heater in the purifier is function body with the conductive silicon carbide foam ceramic, has good, controlled electric conductivity; Wall-flow type foamed ceramics particulate filter is a constouctional material by foamed ceramics, has porous, can change the aperture, the characteristics of rough surface, high temperature resistant and thermal shock, can realize the effective filtration to the emission of diesel engine particulate; But supported catalyst on fuel oil dispersal unit 16, electric heating heater 12 and flame dispersal unit 15; Intelligent control unit can receive cooling water water temperature, back pressure and the engine rotational speed signal from the control unit platform, and controls the reproduced state of wall-flow type filtering-regeneration device for particulates in exhaust gas from diesel vehicle automatically according to signal.In vehicle power power supply and do not influence under the situation of normal vehicle operation, can realize the in-situ regeneration of foamed ceramics soot wall-flow type filtering-regeneration device for particulates in exhaust gas from diesel vehicle.
Embodiment and relevant comparative example
The engine model that adopts in the test of each embodiment and relevant comparative example is SOFIM8140.43, and test mode adopts diesel engine 13 operating modes.
1. getting conductive silicon carbide foam ceramic 130 * 40 * 20mm, is to soak 8 minutes in the NaOH solution of 3M in concentration, removes its surperficial impurity such as greasy dirt, afterwards water clean, oven dry in 2 hours in 120 ℃ of air atmospheres again;
2. with the stainless steel column soldering of two diameter 6mm on the silicon carbide ceramics electrode base that is positioned at 1. described conductive silicon carbide foam ceramic two ends as the electrode that links to each other with lead.An electric heating heat generating body unit preparation finishes;
3. according to 1. above-mentioned～2. step, make two electric heating heat generating body units, then the mode of two electric heating heat generating body units by weld plate on metal film connected parallel connection and weld together, obtain a complete electric heating heater; The resistance of electric heating heater is 50m Ω.
4. as Fig. 3, the foam silicon carbide ceramics plate of volume fraction 30%, average pore size 0.5mm is combined into wall-flow type foamed ceramics particulate filter, every foam silicon carbide ceramics thickness of slab 5mm, spacing is 2mm between per two ceramic plates, final filter profile is 220 * 130 * 150mm
3
5. the foam silicon carbide ceramics with average pore size 1.5mm, volume fraction 30% is a raw material, prepare fuel oil dispersal unit 16 and flame dispersal unit 15 with the machining mode, wherein, fuel oil dispersal unit 16 center thicknesses are 30mm, edge thickness 5mm, long and wide is respectively 220mm and 130mm; The profile of flame dispersal unit 15 is 220 * 130 * 20mm
3
6. fuel oil dispersal unit 16, electric heating heater 12, flame dispersal unit 15 and wall-flow type foamed ceramics particulate filter 9 are encapsulated in the shell, the clearance spaces of electric heating heater 12 place layers is by filling with the foam silicon carbide ceramics of electric heating heater 12 same thickness;
7. wall-flow type filtering-regeneration device for particulates in exhaust gas from diesel vehicle is connected with motor.The engine model that test is used is SOFIM8140.43, and test mode adopts diesel engine 13 operating modes; No electric circuit in the test process.
Difference from Example 1 is:
Before test, wall-flow type filtering-regeneration device for particulates in exhaust gas from diesel vehicle is installed on the specified position of diesel engine exhaust path, keep motor continuous service under the high concentration soot emissions status of rotating speed 2160rpm, moment of torsion 188Nm, power 42.5kW, by control unit monitoring back pressure sensor signal, when back pressure signal during, think that filter needs regeneration greater than 20kPa.At this moment, control unit is connected electric heating circuit, by the vehicle-mounted direct-flow storage battery power supply of 12V, open controlled fueling injection equipment after 5 seconds, with the flow of 200ml/min in electric heating heater upstream with the frequency spray fuel oil of 12 times/min 5 times, each 5ml, outage stops oil then, and kills engine.
Treat to restart motor after the engine cooling, under the condition identical, carry out 13 working condition measurements, the effect of check regeneration with embodiment 1.
Difference from Example 2 is:
With the flow of 200ml/min in electric heating heater upstream with the frequency spray fuel oil of 12 times/min 5 times, each 10ml.
Difference from Example 2 is:
With the flow of 200ml/min in electric heating heater upstream with the frequency spray fuel oil of 12 times/min 5 times, each 20ml.
Difference from Example 2 is:
With the flow of 200ml/min in electric heating heater upstream with the frequency spray fuel oil of 12 times/min 5 times, each 30ml.
Difference from Example 2 is:
Flow with 200ml/min continues spray fuel oil 200ml in electric heating heater upstream.
Different with embodiment 2 be in:
The resistance of electric heating heater is 70m Ω; With the flow of 200ml/min in electric heating heater upstream with the frequency spray fuel oil of 12 times/min 5 times, each 30ml.
Embodiment 8
Different with embodiment 2 be in:
The resistance of electric heating heater is 90m Ω; With the flow of 200ml/min in electric heating heater upstream with the frequency spray fuel oil of 12 times/min 5 times, each 30ml.
Embodiment 9
Different with embodiment 1 be in:
The foam silicon carbide ceramics volume fraction of forming wall-flow type foamed ceramics particulate filter is 40%, average pore size is 0.5mm.
Different with embodiment 5 be in:
The foam silicon carbide ceramics volume fraction of forming wall-flow type foamed ceramics particulate filter is 40%, average pore size is 0.5mm.
Difference from Example 1 is:
The foam silicon carbide ceramics volume fraction of forming wall-flow type foamed ceramics particulate filter is 50%, average pore size is 0.5mm.
Different with embodiment 5 be in:
The foam silicon carbide ceramics volume fraction of forming wall-flow type foamed ceramics particulate filter is 50%, average pore size is 0.5mm.
Difference from Example 1 is:
The foam silicon carbide ceramics volume fraction of forming wall-flow type foamed ceramics particulate filter is 40%, average pore size is 0.2mm.
Difference from Example 5 is:
The foam silicon carbide ceramics volume fraction of forming wall-flow type foamed ceramics particulate filter is 40%, average pore size is 0.2mm.
Difference from Example 1 is:
The foam silicon carbide ceramics volume fraction of forming wall-flow type foamed ceramics particulate filter is 40%, the foam silicon carbide ceramics plate is a composite structure, is specially foam silicon carbide ceramics plate thick by 3mm, that average pore size is 0.2mm and 2mm is thick, average pore size is 0.05mm foam silicon carbide ceramics plate and combines.
Difference from Example 5 is:
The foam silicon carbide ceramics volume fraction of forming wall-flow type foamed ceramics particulate filter is 40%, the foam silicon carbide ceramics plate is a composite structure, is specially foam silicon carbide ceramics plate thick by 3mm, that average pore size is 0.2mm and 2mm is thick, average pore size is 0.05mm foam silicon carbide ceramics plate and combines.
Difference from Example 1 is:
The foam silicon carbide ceramics volume fraction of forming wall-flow type foamed ceramics particulate filter is 40%, the foam silicon carbide ceramics plate is a composite structure, be specially composite microporous coating on the foam silicon carbide ceramics plate of, average pore size 0.2mm thick at 5mm, the average pore size of micro porous coating is about 0.01mm.
Difference from Example 5 is:
The foam silicon carbide ceramics volume fraction of forming wall-flow type foamed ceramics particulate filter is 40%, the foam silicon carbide ceramics plate is a composite structure, be specially composite microporous coating on the foam silicon carbide ceramics plate of, average pore size 0.2mm thick at 5mm, the average pore size of micro porous coating is about 0.01mm.
Difference from Example 1 is:
The foam silicon carbide ceramics volume fraction of forming wall-flow type foamed ceramics particulate filter is 40%, the foam silicon carbide ceramics plate is a composite structure, being specially foam silicon carbide ceramics plate thick by 3mm, that average pore size is 0.2mm and 2mm is thick, average pore size is 0.05mm foam silicon carbide ceramics plate combines, be composite microporous again coating on the foam silicon carbide ceramics plate of 0.05mm in the aperture then, the average pore size of micro porous coating is about 0.01mm.
Difference from Example 5 is:
The foam silicon carbide ceramics volume fraction of forming wall-flow type foamed ceramics particulate filter is 40%, the foam silicon carbide ceramics plate is a composite structure, being specially foam silicon carbide ceramics plate thick by 3mm, that average pore size is 0.2mm and 2mm is thick, average pore size is 0.05mm foam silicon carbide ceramics plate combines, be composite microporous again coating on the foam silicon carbide ceramics plate of 0.05mm in the aperture then, the average pore size of micro porous coating is about 0.01mm.
Be with embodiment's 19 differences:
There is catalyst coatings on fuel oil dispersal unit, electric heating heater and flame dispersal unit surface, and coating levels is 80～130g/ (a L carrier), and the weight ratio of each material is in the coating: Al
2O
3: CeO
2: La
2O
3: BaO=55: 35: 3: 7.Pt content is 1.5g/ (L carrier).
Be with embodiment's 20 differences:
There is catalyst coatings on fuel oil dispersal unit, electric heating heater and flame dispersal unit surface, and coating levels is 80～130g/ (a L carrier), and the weight ratio of each material is in the coating: Al
2O
3: CeO
2: La
2O
3: BaO=55: 35: 3: 7.Pt content is 1.5g/ (L carrier).
Relevant comparative example
At diesel engine 13 working condition measurements that carry out on the motor identical under the uneasy fixed filter condition with embodiment.
Embodiment and relevant comparative example the results are shown in Table 1.Test 1～22 in the table 1 and be embodiment, experiment 23 is relevant comparative example.Each embodiment is compared with the result of comparative example, can find under the situation that adopts the wall-flow type foam silicon carbide ceramics, filter efficiency is up to more than 90%, filter efficiency is along with the increase of volume fraction and reducing of average pore size and increase, however the increase that reduces also can cause back pressure of the increase of volume fraction and average pore size.The adding of noble metal catalyst can significantly reduce the discharging of CO and THC, but is not very remarkable for the reduction effect of particle emission; The amount of fuel that sprays into during regeneration can not be less than 150ml, otherwise regeneration not exclusively;
In addition, the resistance of electric heating heater can not be too big, and big resistance can cause power to reduce, and can not light the fuel oil that sprays into, and also can cause regeneration not exclusively, and under this patent condition, the resistance of electric heating heater preferably is controlled at about 50 milliohms; The appropraite condition down filter after the regeneration still can keep good filter efficiency, shows that wall-flow type filtering-regeneration device for particulates in exhaust gas from diesel vehicle not only has good purification filtering performance, and can effective regeneration, has long working life.
Table 1
Claims (5)
1. a wall-flow type filtering-regeneration device for particulates in exhaust gas from diesel vehicle comprises power supply (6), controlled fueling injection equipment, fuel oil dispersal unit (16), electric heating heater (12), flame dispersal unit (15), wall-flow type foamed ceramics particulate filter (9); Wherein the fuel oil dispersal unit (16) before and after electric heating heater (12) and the electric heating heater (12), flame dispersal unit (15) are in wall-flow type foamed ceramics particulate filter (9) is installed on the purifier package casing (8) that links to each other with diesel engine exhaust; Electric heating heater (12) is made up of the foamed ceramics electric heating unit, the foamed ceramics electric heating unit by conductive silicon carbide foam ceramic (24), two metal films (10,11) of being welded on the silicon carbide ceramics electrode base (22,23) that is positioned at conductive silicon carbide foam ceramic (24) two ends constitute, power supply constitutes the loop by metal film (10,11) and conductive silicon carbide foam ceramic (24), is conductive silicon carbide foam ceramic (24) power supply; Controlled fueling injection equipment is made up of electric pump (19), solenoid valve (18), fuel nozzle (17), fuel nozzle (17) is positioned at the upstream of heating heater (12), and the petroleum pipeline between fuel nozzle (17) and the automotive oil tank (21) is provided with electric pump (19), solenoid valve (18); Described wall-flow type foamed ceramics particulate filter (9) is by parallel the combining of multi-disc foam silicon carbide ceramics plate, distance between per two foam silicon carbide ceramics plates is 1.5～3mm, filter interior interlaces and arranges numerous jitties that directly do not communicate mutually, gas passes foamed ceramic panel and enters other passage by a passage, and soot particle is filtered in crossing process; It is characterized in that: the foam silicon carbide ceramics plate that constitutes wall-flow type foamed ceramics particulate filter has single foam aperture or changes the aperture, and the foam silicon carbide ceramics plate that changes the aperture is one of following three kinds of structures: a, is composited by the foam silicon carbide ceramics plate in two or more different apertures; B, on the foam silicon carbide ceramics plate in single aperture, prepare micro porous coating; The combination of c, preceding two kinds of methods, promptly in a, mention compound after the foam silicon carbide ceramics plate on prepare micro porous coating again.
2. according to the described wall-flow type filtering-regeneration device for particulates in exhaust gas from diesel vehicle of claim 1, it is characterized in that: described electric heating heater (12) is formed at least one foamed ceramics electric heating unit, when heater is made of two or two above unit, be relation in parallel between each unit, be linked to be an integral body by the mode of welding between the electrode.
3. according to the described wall-flow type filtering-regeneration device for particulates in exhaust gas from diesel vehicle of claim 1, it is characterized in that: fuel oil dispersal unit (16) is a thick middle, thin foam silicon carbide ceramics all around; Flame dispersal unit (15) is a foam silicon carbide ceramics.
4. according to the described wall-flow type filtering-regeneration device for particulates in exhaust gas from diesel vehicle of claim 1, it is characterized in that: go up preparation active oxidation aluminium paint in fuel oil dispersal unit (16), electric heating heater (12), flame dispersal unit (15), and supported catalyst, the coating levels of every liter of carrier is at 80～130g, and the weight ratio of each material is in the coating: Al
2O
3: CeO
2: La
2O
3: BaO=50～55: 30～40: 2～8: 1～10; The used active substance of catalyzer is Pt or Pd, and Pt or Pd total content are 1～5g in every liter of carrier.
5. according to the described wall-flow type filtering-regeneration device for particulates in exhaust gas from diesel vehicle of claim 1, it is characterized in that: described foam silicon carbide ceramics is an elementary cell with polygonal closed loop, and each elementary cell is interconnected to form three-dimensional networks; Constitute relative density 〉=99% of the ceramic muscle of polygonal closed loop unit, average grain size is at 50nm～10 μ m; Described foam silicon carbide ceramics is the mark meter by weight, and its composition is made up of 90%～98% silicon carbide and 10%～2% silicon.
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| CNB2005100477878A CN100402806C (en) | 2005-11-23 | 2005-11-23 | Wall-flow type filtering-regeneration device for particulates in exhaust gas from diesel vehicle |
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| CNB2005100477878A Expired - Fee Related CN100402806C (en) | 2005-11-23 | 2005-11-23 | Wall-flow type filtering-regeneration device for particulates in exhaust gas from diesel vehicle |
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Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JP5135629B2 (en) * | 2007-09-21 | 2013-02-06 | 株式会社小松製作所 | Engine fuel supply system |
| CN103124837B (en) * | 2010-07-02 | 2016-06-22 | 马克卡车公司 | Process the method for diesel engine exhaust, Diesel engine and exhaust after treatment system and vehicle |
| CN107587926B (en) * | 2017-09-21 | 2023-08-22 | 东莞职业技术学院 | Efficient purification method and purifier for tail gas of diesel vehicle |
| GB201911702D0 (en) * | 2019-08-15 | 2019-10-02 | Johnson Matthey Plc | Particulate filters |
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| CN1600742A (en) * | 2003-09-22 | 2005-03-30 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Compact foamy thyrite in high intensity and preparation method |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0321313A (en) * | 1989-06-16 | 1991-01-30 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Exhaust gas filter |
| US5082478A (en) * | 1989-10-06 | 1992-01-21 | Kyocera Corporation | Particulate trap filter regenerative system |
| JP3021313B2 (en) * | 1995-03-22 | 2000-03-15 | 川崎製鉄株式会社 | Metal strip casting equipment |
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| WO2004067927A1 (en) * | 2003-01-27 | 2004-08-12 | Iljin Electronic Co., Ltd | Fumes reducing device for diesel engines and method of manufacturing the same |
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