CN100398856C - Rolling bearing filled with balls and ball cam follower for engine - Google Patents
Rolling bearing filled with balls and ball cam follower for engine Download PDFInfo
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- CN100398856C CN100398856C CNB2003101015839A CN200310101583A CN100398856C CN 100398856 C CN100398856 C CN 100398856C CN B2003101015839 A CNB2003101015839 A CN B2003101015839A CN 200310101583 A CN200310101583 A CN 200310101583A CN 100398856 C CN100398856 C CN 100398856C
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- cam follower
- outer shroud
- bearing
- carbonitriding
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- Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)
- Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
Abstract
A full type rolling bearing that can be used under the conditions of high-speed, heavy-load and lowered viscosity of lubricating oil is provided. The full-type rolling bearing is formed of an outer ring (4), an inner ring (2) and rollers (3) made of steel, at least one of the outer ring, inner ring and rollers has a carbonitrided layer in its surface layer, and the austenite crystal grain size number of the surface layer is larger than 10.
Description
Technical field
The roller cam follower that the present invention relates to fill the rolling bearing of roller and be used for the no retainer of motor is such as the bearing that is used for rocking arm, cam follower and roller follower bearing.
Background technique
In the rolling bearing that uses at present, such as the bearing of filling roller of the no retainer of the bearing that is used for rocking arm, it is applied to quantity in the high speed jumbo in continuous growth.In the bearing of filling roller of no retainer, roller takes place inevitably interfere with each other.Therefore, can not suitably be controlled, so that may take place crooked in the position of high speed lower roller.Because of the resultant heat that slides and increase the part of surface pressure can cause damaged surfaces (decortication, broken, decortication that the surface is initial), and the decortication of internal start, and the roller bearing of filling roller should have a high bearing capacity after calculating.
Specifically, fill in the roller bearing of roller at this such as roller follower, cam follower and rocking arm, interference and bearing between the roller lack oiling, can cause by roller and the initial decortication of raceway face.In addition, the influence of assembly error and deflection load can cause roller crooked, and the result causes the surperficial initial decortication that causes because of slip and the decortication of increasing the internal start that causes because of the surface pressure part.The roller bearing of filling roller described here is meant the bearing of aforesaid no retainer, and therefore, can contract sometimes is called full roller bearing.
For the roller cam follower that is used for motor that circumference with an outer shroud and cam roll and contact, the improvement of the maximum of roller cam follower is the improvement for the outer shroud circumference.For example, residual compressive stress that causes by shot blast and the increase that causes hardness by the carbonitriding (effect that process causes) of high concentration, these two kinds of methods have been used to prolong the life-span of bearing, mainly are the circumferential surfacies that improves the outer shroud that contacts with the cam rolling.
Although for prolongation has been done improvement as the rolling life-span of the Roller Shaft of interior ring, but the improvement of roller and whole bearing is relative less, some that done improved and still related to the material aspect, so that the stability of heat resistance and microstructure to be provided, and the increase of the hardness that obtains by carbonitriding, thus, prolong the life-span of bearing.Be used for life-span of the roller cam follower of motor about prolongation, known have a following various technology:
(d1) for the cam follower of engine valve mechanism, under rated engine speed (rpm), the bearing life of calculating reaches 1000 hours or longer (the open No.2000-38907 of Japan Patent).
(d2) reach following characteristic for the bearing shaft that makes cam follower: carbon ratio example=10-25%; The decomposed austenite composition is to the austenite components in proportions=1/10-3/10 of original maintenance; End hardness=HV830-960; And the mean wavelength of surface roughness=25 μ m or be carbonitriding and hardness shot blast (the open No.10-47334 of Japan Patent) less than, Bearing Steel.
(d3) for example, a solid lubricant film of high polymer is formed on the cam follower axle, with the wearability (the open No.10-103339 of Japan Patent) that improves axle.
(d4) for example, a cam follower axle is made by tool steel, and being lower than under the temperature of tempering temperature, carries out nitrogen ionization or ion plating, so that it has high hardness (the open No.10-110720 of Japan Patent).
(d5) be used for a cam follower bearing of engine valve mechanism, its have 150Mpa or less than flexural stress (the open No.2000-38906 of Japan Patent).
(d6) be used for a cam follower of engine valve mechanism, it has a splendid oil-retaining and is arranged on phosphate film (the open No.2002-31212 of Japan Patent) on the rolling surface of bearing part.
(d7) be used for a cam follower of engine valve mechanism, its zone at the axle that roller rolls has a crown (the open No.63-185917 of Japanese Utility Model).
(d8) a carburizing axle has a rolling surface layer, and it carries out the carburizing or carbonitriding of high concentration with the concentration of carbon of 1.2%-1.7%, and has the inside hardness (the open No.2002-194438 of Japan Patent) of a HV300.
Relate to rocking arm and also have other problem as described below.The packing of the two ends of Roller Shaft be fixed in the situation on the roller bearings, although the rolling surface of Roller Shaft should have high hardness, should there be enough softnesses at its two ends so that packing is fixed.In addition, the packing of the two ends of axle fix after, loosening during the intensity of Ying Yougao (hardness) prevents to use.Following document discloses the packing at the Roller Shaft two ends of a roller rocker arms and fixes.
(d9) outer surface of Roller Shaft carries out the high-frequency induction cure process equably, carries out tempering then, after this, only high frequency annealing is carried out in the end of axle and handles, and realizes softening (the open No.5-179350 of Japan Patent) thus.
Can suppose, be similar to the roller bearing of filling roller of rocking arm, roller follower and cam follower, the same with common retainer formula bearing, in use will improve speed and load, and will reduce its oil body.In order to prolong the rolling life-span that the roller bearing of filling roller uses under this condition, (a1) as common way, should take any measure to the rolling fatigue life that depends on load, and (a2) reason is slided and lose the surface breakdown life-span that Metal Contact that oil film causes causes, should further take any measure.Yet,, also do not have a kind of technology can prolong this two kinds of life-spans significantly at the rolling fatigue life that depends on load with by the damaged surfaces life-span that Metal Contact causes.In addition, except the measure of above-mentioned two kinds of life-savings, (a3) to interfering with each other because of roller and, should taking any measure to the problem of the crooked lost of life that causes of the distinctive roller of roller bearing of filling roller.
Above-mentioned known technology is by increase hardness and compressive residual stress, or the improvement bearing part improves the life-span of rolling with the rolling surface that the corresponding component rolling contacts.When these technology of actual evaluation, it is very effective to life-saving to find that they apply in the situation of outer shroud in the crooked application, and is the life-span that prolongs the roller of interior ring and whole roller bearing, and by itself, such improvement is not necessarily effective.
Summary of the invention
Consider the increase of using medium velocity and load, and the reduction of lubricating oil viscosity, an object of the present invention is to provide a rolling bearing of filling roller, in particular for the roller cam follower of motor, it demonstrates the long life-span under lubricated, the slip and load-up condition of sternness.
Form by ring and roller in the outer shroud, according to of the present invention one rolling bearing of filling roller, they are formed from steel, at least one has the non-diffusible hydrogen composition of 0.5ppm at the most and has carbonitrided case in outer shroud, interior ring and the roller on its surface layer, and the size number of the austenite crystal of surface layer is greater than 10.Described outer shroud, in interior ring and all rollers at least one contains: the carbon of 0.95%-1.10%, the silicon of 0.15%-0.35%, 0.5% manganese at the most, 0.025% phosphorus at the most, 0.025% sulphur at the most, the chromium of 1.30%-1.60%, be less than 0.08% molybdenum, all the other components are iron and other impurity, at described outer shroud, in interior ring and all rollers at least one carried out carbonitriding under being equal to or greater than the carbonitriding temperature of A1 transition temperature after, described outer shroud, in interior ring and all rollers at least one is cooled to below a temperature of A1 transition temperature, then, be heated to a quenching temperature of 790 ℃-815 ℃, thus, quench.
For the rolling bearing of filling roller of the present invention, can use to have trickle crystal grain and heat-resisting material, prolong damaged surfaces (as surperficial initial the peeling off of decortication and the destruction) life-span, and the decortication life-span of internal start.Specifically, improve the processing or the heat treatment type of this material such as Bearing Steel,, guarantee that austenite grain size number by JIS (JIS) regulation is greater than 10 to form a kind of structure of carbonitriding.The structure that is preferably formed as can improve the ability that anti-crackle takes place and expands significantly.Therefore, can stop because of slip and cause the generation of surperficial heat and the surface crack that caused by tangential force takes place.In addition, the crackle that stops the decortication by internal start to cause, life-saving significantly.
Above-mentioned microstructure is further processed and heat treatment, and gives compressive residual stress at surface layer, to increase hardness, like this, further life-saving.Described processing and heat treatment can be any in following all technology, or its combination: (b1) shot blast, (b2) tumbling, (b3) rolling, (b4) japanning, (b5) carburizing and carbonitriding, (b6) carbonitriding and cryogenic treatment, and (b7) carbonitriding and secondary quenching and cryogenic treatment.
Here, the austenite grain size number means that greater than 10 enough trickle the causing of austenite crystal has greater than 10 or 11 or above size number, and its method according to the test austenite grain size of JIS G 0551 regulation is determined.When a structure was quenched by the temperature in the austenitic temperature scope, the austenite crystal border kept the structure of quenching, therefore, measured the composition of remaining austenite crystal grain, and it is referred to as preceding austenite crystal border sometimes.
In a single day such microstructure is cooled to below the temperature of carbonitriding temperature, then, quenches from synthetic quenching temperature, like this, can obtain quite trickle austenite crystal.By being heated to this process that the temperature that is lower than the carbonitriding temperature is quenched,, be referred to as secondary quenching or final the quenching sometimes according to the order of course of working.
Quenching temperature can be in a temperature range, and wherein, carbide and/or nitride and an Ovshinsky figure co-exist in the surface layer of carbonitriding of steel.
Quenching temperature is lower than the carbonitriding temperature, therefore, compares with the amount in the carbonitriding process, and undissolved carbide in surface layer and/or the amount of nitride (it is subjected to the influence of carbonitriding process) increase.Then, when quenching temperature was in the temperature range of these component coexistences, the ratio of not dissolving carbide increased, and compares with the ratio in the carbonitriding process, and the austenite ratio under quenching temperature descends.In addition, as seen, in the scope of carbide (cementite) and austenite coexistence, the concentration that is dissolved in the carbon in the austenite descends with the decline of quenching temperature from two phasors of Fe-C.Owing to be used for other alloying element such as silicon and manganese that the steel of bearing has low composition, so the layer of temperature range and generation can be given the discussion of abundant precision with reference to two phasors of Fe-C.In addition, be similar to carbon, nitrogen is the interstitial element that is dissolved in the iron, and produces the nitride of the iron that is similar to the cementite in the predetermined temperature zone, and nitrogen can be regarded as identical with carbon approx.
When temperature was increased to quenching temperature, austenite crystal attenuated, because still exist a large amount of undissolved carbide and/or nitride to stop the growth of austenite crystal.In addition, when applying above-mentioned heat treatment, have lower slightly concentration of carbon from austenitic transformation to martensitic structure by quenching, like this, this structure is compared with the structure of quenching from the carbonitriding temperature, has high slightly toughness.In other words, the structure of quenching has (c1) and compares by the structure that conventional procedure produces, relatively large undissolved carbide, and (c2) be lower than traditional concentration of carbon.
In addition, at least one in outer shroud, interior ring and the roller can be before carbonitriding, carry out cold worked.
Use cold working can improve austenite crystal in heat treatment nucleus formation density, thus, form an aplitic texture.
Austenite can have and is at least 11 crystallite dimension number.Under the austenite grain size of definition, help to reach stable long rolling fatigue life and damaged surfaces life-span with not imaginable thin austenite crystal especially.In addition, the problem of lubricating oil viscosity decline can be resolved satisfactorily.
In in outer shroud, interior ring and roller at least one, can produce the compressive residual stress that is at least 500Mpa.
As mentioned above, microstructure also can be processed and heat treatment, and a compressive residual stress can be formed on surface layer, with further life-saving.
The roller cam follower that is used for motor according to the present invention comprises an outer shroud that contacts with the camshaft rolling of motor, one is positioned at outer shroud inside and is fixed on Roller Shaft on the cam follower body, and is placed on the bearing element between outer shroud and the Roller Shaft.Outer shroud, in Roller Shaft and the bearing element at least one has the non-diffusible hydrogen composition of 0.5ppm at the most and has a carbonitrided case, and that the austenite crystal at least one surface layer makes is trickle, to have the described outer shroud of crystallite dimension number greater than 10, in Roller Shaft and the bearing element at least one contains: the carbon of 0.95%-1.10%, the silicon of 0.15%-0.35%, 0.5% manganese at the most, 0.025% phosphorus at the most, 0.025% sulphur at the most, the chromium of 1.30%-1.60%, be less than 0.08% molybdenum, all the other components are iron and other impurity, at described outer shroud, in Roller Shaft and the bearing element at least one carried out carbonitriding under being equal to or greater than the carbonitriding temperature of A1 transition temperature after, described outer shroud, in Roller Shaft and the bearing element at least one is cooled to below a temperature of A1 transition temperature, then, be heated to a quenching temperature of 790 ℃-815 ℃, thus, quench.
Austenite crystal in component makes enough trickle, to have the crystallite dimension number greater than 10, therefore, can considerably improve rolling fatigue life.Have 10 or situation less than 10 crystallite dimension number under, any rolling fatigue life that significantly improves all is impossible, therefore, the crystallite dimension number is preferably 11 or bigger greater than 10.Although require to have thinner austenite crystal, common inaccessible 13 the crystallite dimension number that surpasses.Here it is to be noted that the above-mentioned bearing element between outer shroud and Roller Shaft is meant the bearing that comprises roller and rolling element, yet on the meaning of narrow sense, bearing element can be roller or rolling element.
The austenite grain size number can be by being determined by the usual way of JIS definition, or determine according to the intercepting method, for example, and use and the corresponding average grain size of above-mentioned crystallite dimension number.Less austenite grain size is desirable, and also require austenitic crystallite dimension number be 11 or more than.Perhaps, average grain size can be 6 μ m, or littler.The austenite grain size number can be realized in carbonitrided case.Yet in general, the situation of austenite fineness is met at the steel body that is positioned at carbonitrided case.
Here, austenite crystal is meant the austenitic crystalline particle of phase transition in heat treatment process, after austenite is martensite by cooling transformation, still keeps the trace of particle.
For another roller cam follower that is used for motor according to the present invention, in outer shroud, Roller Shaft and the bearing element at least one has the non-diffusible hydrogen composition of 0.5ppm at the most and has a carbonitrided case, and has a rupture stress that is at least 2650Mpa.Described outer shroud, in Roller Shaft and the bearing element at least one contains: the carbon of 0.95%-1.10%, the silicon of 0.15%-0.35%, 0.5% manganese at the most, 0.025% phosphorus at the most, 0.025% sulphur at the most, the chromium of 1.30%-1.60%, be less than 0.08% molybdenum, all the other components are iron and other impurity, at described outer shroud, in Roller Shaft and the bearing element at least one carried out carbonitriding under being equal to or greater than the carbonitriding temperature of A1 transition temperature after, described outer shroud, in Roller Shaft and the bearing element at least one is cooled to below a temperature of A1 transition temperature, then, be heated to a quenching temperature of 790 ℃-815 ℃, thus, quench.
Inventor of the present invention has found that, heat treatment method described here (low temperature secondary quenching method), can be used to later on the rupture stress with steel of carbonitrided case bring up to 2650Mpa or more than, this did not also reach as yet by any conventional method.Like this, can obtain high-intensity rolling bearing, be issued to good serviceability with load-up condition at the roller cam follower.
For another roller cam follower that also has that is used for motor according to the present invention, at least one in outer shroud, Roller Shaft and the bearing element has a carbonitrided case, and has the composition of the non-diffusible hydrogen that is at most 0.5ppm.Described outer shroud, in Roller Shaft and the bearing element at least one contains: the carbon of 0.95%-1.10%, the silicon of 0.15%-0.35%, 0.5% manganese at the most, 0.025% phosphorus at the most, 0.025% sulphur at the most, the chromium of 1.30%-1.60%, be less than 0.08% molybdenum, all the other components are iron and other impurity, at described outer shroud, in Roller Shaft and the bearing element at least one carried out carbonitriding under being equal to or greater than the carbonitriding temperature of A1 transition temperature after, described outer shroud, in Roller Shaft and the bearing element at least one is cooled to below a temperature of A1 transition temperature, then, be heated to a quenching temperature of 790 ℃-815 ℃, thus, quench
Above-mentioned heat treatment (low temperature secondary quenching method) can be used for reducing the composition of the hydrogen in any parts before being assembled on the cam follower.Then, can shorten hydrogen enters in the steel to increase and to reach needed time of transition point when crackle takes place.For this reason, together with undefined any other reason still, can improve serviceability.
Requirement has the composition of a low hydrogen.Yet the composition that the hydrogen composition is reduced to less than 0.3ppm has required long heat treatment, causes the increase of the size of austenite particle, and therefore damages toughness.Then, the hydrogen composition requires in 0.3 to 0.5ppm scope, is preferably in 0.35 to 0.45ppm the scope.
In measuring above-mentioned hydrogen composition, measure the hydrogen of diffusion, and only measure in predetermined temperature or be higher than the hydrogen that from steel, discharges non-diffusion under this temperature.Even the hydrogen of the diffusion in samples on a small scale at room temperature also can discharge from sample and spread, therefore, diffusible hydrogen will not be measured.The hydrogen of non-diffusion is limited in any defective of steel, and only in predetermined heating-up temperature or be higher than under this temperature and from sample, discharge.Even only measure the hydrogen of non-diffusion, according to the method for measuring, the hydrogen composition also has suitable variation.The scope of above-mentioned hydrogen composition is to be determined by the pyroconductivity analytic method.In addition, as introducing in detail hereinafter, can measure by means of a LEC0 DH-103 instrument for analyzing hydrogen or similar measuring equipment.
(c1) the cam follower body is connected pivotly on the end and the rotatingshaft between the other end of itself, one opening/closing valve of motor can be in abutting connection with at one end going up, the other end can have the roller bearing part of a bifurcated, and Roller Shaft can be fixed on the roller bearing part of bifurcated.
(c2) the cam follower body can be installed between the end and the other end of itself, has a Roller Shaft that is fixed in the roller holes of extending between two sidewalls, one end of one opening/closing valve of motor can be in abutting connection with at one end going up, and a pivot can abut against on the other end.
(c3) the cam follower body is connected pivotly on the end and the rotatingshaft between the other end of itself, one end of one opening/closing valve of motor can be in abutting connection with at one end going up, the other end can abut against from an end of the interlocking lever of camshaft transmission stress, the cam follower body is installed in the other end of interlocking lever, one end of interlocking lever and the other end lay respectively on rocking arm and the cam, and Roller Shaft can be connected to the cam follower body, and abuts against on the cam.
(c1), (c2) and cam follower body something in common (c3) be, to engine valve, and they are structurally different from cam transmission driving force for they, to adapt to different engine types.
About the roller cam follower of above-mentioned motor, bearing element can be a needle bearing of filling roller.The hardness of the end of Roller Shaft can be lower than the hardness of its core.Therefore, the core of Roller Shaft has as the necessary hardness of rolling contact surfaces, and the end is then made softer.Therefore, guarantee to be similar to the serviceability of rolling fatigue life, for example, can accomplish the fixing of packing.All above-mentioned rolling bearings can have an end of the Roller Shaft of packing.
In addition, the cam follower body can take pressure to form, to enhance productivity.
If in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, from following detailed description of the present invention, above-mentioned purpose, feature, aspect and advantage with other of the present invention will become clearer.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 illustrates the bearing of a rocking arm, and it is the roller bearing of filling roller according to one embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is the sectional view along the line II-II intercepting of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 illustrates the roller cam follower according to a motor of the remodeling of the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 4 illustrates the roller cam follower of a motor according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the view of amplification that comprises the part of the roller bearing of filling roller, and wherein, the roller bearing of filling roller contacts with a cam of an engine roller cam follower shown in Figure 4.
Fig. 6 illustrates a heat treatment method according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 7 illustrates the heat treatment method according to embodiment's remodeling.
Fig. 8 A and 8B illustrate the microstructure of a bearing part, particularly original austenite grain, and Fig. 8 A illustrates a bearing part of the present invention, and Fig. 8 B illustrates a traditional bearing part.
Fig. 9 A and 9B diagram illustrate the border of the austenite crystal that corresponds respectively to Fig. 8 A and 8B.
Figure 10 schematically illustrates the testing apparatus of the rolling fatigue life that is used for a rolling outer shroud.
Figure 11 illustrates a testpieces that is used for tested static crackle intensity.
Figure 12 illustrates the hardness profile when the two ends of a roller axle are softened by radio frequency heating.
Figure 13 illustrates a testpieces that is used for testing static pressure crackle intensity (measurement crack stress).
Figure 14 A is the front view of a rolling fatigue life testing apparatus, and Figure 14 B is its side view.
Figure 15 illustrates a testpieces that is used for tested static crackle toughness.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing embodiments of the invention are described.Fig. 1 is the front view of a signal, and the structure according to the roller cam follower of the motor of one embodiment of the invention is shown.Fig. 2 is the sectional view along the line II-II intercepting of Fig. 1.With reference to Fig. 1 and 2, be bearing in pivotly on the pitman arm shaft 5 by a bearing metal at core as the rocking arm 1 of a pivot member.
One adjusts the end 1b that screw 7 is screwed into this rocking arm 1.Adjust screw 7 and be fixed by a locking nut 8, the lower end of adjusting screw abuts against the upper end of the suction valve or the outlet valve of an internal-combustion engine.Valve 9 is by the elastic force bias voltage of spring 10.
The other end 1a of rocking arm 1 is equipped with a body (cam follower body) of cam follower 50, and cam follower body 50 has the roller bearing part 14 of a bifurcated, and itself and body form.In the roller bearing part 14 of bifurcated, be press-fitted or fix by means of a spring arch clasp corresponding to the two ends of the Roller Shaft 2 of ring in.At the core of the outer surface of Roller Shaft 2, an outer shroud 4 is supported rotationally by roller 3.Roller 3 is placed between Roller Shaft 2 and the outer shroud 4, to be used as bearing element.In other words, the bearing element between Roller Shaft 2 and outer shroud 4 is a roller.The axial direction of roller 3 is parallel with the axial direction of Roller Shaft.The outer surface of outer shroud 4 contacts with the surface of cam 6 by the biasing force of spring 10.Should be noted that the meaning of the term of Cai Yonging " " and " another " and no standard here only is used as the order of reference in this description.
When contacting cam 6 simultaneously when the rocker bearing rotation, the pressure of cam 6 and impact force act on the outer shroud 4, because repeated bending stress may cause impression and crackle.Particularly, along with the increase of motor output, the rotating speed of motor (rpm) therefore increases, and like this, these power become the risk that causes greatly crackle and impression take place and become big, therefore, shorten roll life-span and damaged surfaces life-span.
Owing to being used in the impression that causes on the bearing, big masterpiece may be formed on the interior ring, because the surface pressure between interior ring and the rolling element (roller) is usually greater than the surface pressure between outer shroud and the rolling element (roller).Yet for cam follower, flexural stress acts on the outer shroud, and high surface pressure load also acts on the outer shroud, and therefore, impression may be formed between outer shroud and the rolling element.Inventor of the present invention has found that, by forming a carbonitrided case on the surface layer at least one parts in above-mentioned all parts, the austenite grain size number that makes surface layer is greater than 10, or as above-mentioned situation at least 11, can prolong the damaged surfaces life-span and roll the life-span.In addition, the inventor also finds can increase the degree of lengthening the life by increasing the residual compressive stress of surface layer.
Fig. 3 illustrates the roller cam follower of a motor according to another embodiment of the present invention.The cam follower body 50 of this cam follower has a Roller Shaft 2 that is fixed in the roller holes (not shown), described roller holes is between an end 1b and the other end 1a of rocking arm 1, and between two sidewalls, extend, and an end abuts against on the end of motor open-close valve 9, and the other end abuts against (not shown) on the pivot.Cam follower body 50 with pivot hole 15 is setovered around pivot along predetermined direction by spring 10, and admits from the driving force of cam 6 transmission by an outer shroud 4, thus, and the biasing force of antagonistic spring and movement of valve 9.
Fig. 4 illustrates the roller cam follower of a motor according to still another embodiment of the invention.Fig. 5 is the view of amplification that comprises the part of a rocking arm rolling bearing as shown in Figure 4.With reference to Fig. 4, a rotatingshaft 5 is placed on the core of a rocking arm 1, and rocking arm 1 pivots around axle.One end 1b of rocking arm 1 abuts against on the end of engine valve 9, and the other end 1a of arm abuts against on the end of interlocking lever 16.One adjusts screw 8 has the function that the other end 1a that adjusts rocking arm abuts against the position on the interlocking lever 16.
The bearing that one cam follower body 50 is set in place the hollow on the lower end of interlocking lever 16 connects 16a, and a bearing of filling roller that is used for rocking arm connects by link 17.One cam 6 that abuts against on the outer shroud 4 transmits driving forces to interlocking lever.
At all parts of the bearing of filling roller of the roller cam follower that is used for motor, at least one in roller 3, Roller Shaft 2 and the outer shroud 2 is by the Qa heat treatment of low temperature, so that austenite crystal becomes trickle.
The carbonitrided case that one austenite crystal attenuates preferably forms by following method, yet any method in addition can be used.Fig. 6 schematically illustrates the heat treatment method with carbonitrided case of trickle austenite crystal formed according to the present invention, and Fig. 7 illustrates the remodeling of this method.Specifically, Fig. 6 illustrates one and implements primary quenching and Qa heat treated mode, and Fig. 7 illustrates a heat treated mode, according to this mode, one material cooled is to the temperature that is lower than the transition temperature A1 in quenching process, and after this, heating is so that final the quenching once more.With reference to these accompanying drawings, at process T1, carbon and nitrogen are by the matrix diffusion of steel, and carbon is dissolved in wherein fully, after this, is cooled to be lower than the temperature of transition temperature A1.Then,, be heated to the temperature that is lower than in process T1 once more, then, carry out oil quenching at process T2 as shown in the figure.At process T1, surface layer can be heated to the temperature in the temperature range of austenite, carbide and/or nitride coexistence.Under a certain temperature in the coexisting region that has austenite, carbide and/or nitride, austenite crystal is trickle, and the concentration of carbon (nitrogen) in austenite is quite low.Therefore, quench, can form the quenching structure of enough toughness even carry out.
Compare with general or normal the quenching, wherein, carry out carbonitriding, and then carry out primary quenching, above-mentioned heat treatment can improve crackle intensity and prolong damaged surfaces life-span and rolling fatigue life, and the surface layer of carbonitriding simultaneously.In addition, can solve the problem that lubricating oil viscosity reduces.This heat treatment also can form the microstructure with austenite crystal, the size of its crystal grain than traditional half as large or more than.Stand a this heat treated bearing part and have long rolling fatigue life and long damaged surfaces life-span, and can solve the problem that viscosity descends.Bearing part also can have a crackle intensity and one that the improves speed that reduces of dimensional changes slowly.
Fig. 8 A and 8B illustrate the microstructure of a bearing part, particularly austenite crystal.Fig. 8 A illustrates bearing part of the present invention, and Fig. 8 B illustrates the bearing part of traditional bearing part.That is, Fig. 8 A illustrates the austenite grain size of a heat treated Bearing Steel as shown in Figure 6.In order to compare, Fig. 8 B illustrates an austenitic crystallite dimension that stands the Bearing Steel of prior heat treatment.Fig. 9 A and 9B illustrate the austenite grain size that is shown among Fig. 8 A and the 8B with graph mode.In having the structure of austenite grain size, traditional austenitic particle diameter is 10, and this is the particle size number by JIS regulation, and is 12 by this heat treated particle size number of the present invention, this shows that particle is trickle.In addition, the average particulate diameter in Fig. 8 A is 5.6 μ m, and it is recorded by the intercepting method.Under 830 ℃ quenching temperature, average particulate diameter is approximately 8 μ m.
Example
Example 1
Prepare all bearings that its respective material is shown in Table 1.These bearings are bearings of filling needle roller, and it is included in the roller cam follower of a motor.The size of ring (Roller Shaft) is 14.64mm (outer diameter) * 17.3mm (width) in one, and the size of an outer shroud is 18.64mm (inner diameter) * 24mm (outer diameter) * 6.9mm (width).Adopt 26 rollers, respectively have the 2mm of being of a size of (outer diameter) * 6.8mm (length).All bearings are the bearings of filling roller of no retainer.Bearing has a basic load rating 8.6KN and a basic static rated load 12.9KN.Here, taking it by and large, each bearing is the combination of same material, and some be each by different combinations of materials, and some is to be formed by extra manufacturing process.Table 1 illustrates an inventory of all bearings of preparation.
Table 1
The test specimen Schedule
*1 example of the present invention
The all samples that are shown in Table 1 are as follows:
No.1: a Bearing Steel stands degree of depth cold working in advance, and heat treatment attenuates crystal grain, carries out carbonitriding then.
No.2: a Bearing Steel carries out carbonitriding, then, carries out secondary quenching under the temperature that is lower than the carbonitriding temperature.
No.3: a steel for carburizing carries out carburizing, carbonitriding, carries out secondary quenching then at a lower temperature.In other words, after carburizing process, carry out the quenching of low temperature.
The austenite grain size of the sample of No.1-3 is No.11 at least.These materials are as basic sample.The preparation of following sample is that basic sample is carried out extra processing, to form the compressive stress of remnants in surface layer.
No.4: the interior and outer shroud of sample No.1 is through shot blast, and all rollers are through tumbling.
No.5: the interior and outer shroud of sample No.2 is through shot blast, and all rollers are through tumbling.
No.6: the interior and outer shroud of sample No.3 is through shot blast, and all rollers are through tumbling.
No.7: the interior and outer shroud of sample No.1 is extraly through cryogenic treatment (196 ℃).
No.8: the interior and outer shroud of sample No.1 through cryogenic treatment (196 ℃), carries out shot blast extraly then, and all rollers are through tumbling.
For following sample, with outer shroud and each roller, the life-span of especially rolling was to its interior ring and roller that seems important especially in above-mentioned all methods were applied to.
No.9: interior ring and roller then, carry out secondary quenching under the temperature that is lower than the carbonitriding temperature, and outer shroud stand normal heat treatment through carbonitriding.
No.10: for interior and outer shroud, steel for carburizing carries out carburizing, carbonitriding, cooling, carries out secondary quenching then at low temperatures, and for roller, Bearing Steel carries out carbonitriding.
Example is prepared five sample No.11-15, shown in the bottom of table 1 as a comparison.
No.11: interior and outer shroud and roller are by making (normal specimens) through normal heat treated Bearing Steel.
No.12: interior and outer shroud and roller are made by the Bearing Steel through carbonitriding.
No.13: interior and outer shroud is made by the steel for carburizing through carburizing, and roller is by making through normal heat treated Bearing Steel.
No.14: this sample is made by Qa steel for carburizing.
No.15: the interior and outer shroud of sample No.11 is through shot blast, and all rollers are through tumbling.
For these samples, the hardness after measurement crystallite dimension, hardness and the 500 ℃ of quenchings (thermal resistance index), final survey data is shown in Table 1.
Describe the test that is used to estimate rolling life-span and damaged surfaces intensity below in detail.
The evaluation in rolling life-span:
Assemble an outer shroud (18.64mm (inner diameter) * 24mm (outer diameter) * 6.9mm (width)), 26 rollers (2mm (outer diameter) * 6.8mm (length)) and a Roller Shaft (14.64mm (outer diameter) * 17.3mm (length)), then, under the load of 2.58KN, stand the rolling contact fatigue test.One testing machine is shown among Figure 10, and test condition is shown in Table 2.This test is carried out the rotation of outer shroud.With reference to Figure 10, a plurality of aciculiform rollers 53 (3) are placed between the Roller Shaft 52 (2) and outer shroud 54 (4) that is included in the testing machine rotationally.Outer shroud 54 rotates under the radial load that is applied by parts 55 and 56 on it with predetermined speed, thereby carries out a life test.Here, test is carried out under 30% the load of basic road surface load rating 8.6KN.Test result is shown in Table 3.
Table 2
Bearing element life test condition
| Testing machine | Be used for the testing machine that outer shroud rotates |
| Testpieces | The rocker bearing assembly |
| Load (N) | 2580N(0.3C) |
| Outer shroud rpm | 7000rpm |
| Oiling agent | Engine oil 10W-30 |
| The oil temperature | 100℃ |
| Life-span | The decortication life-span |
Table 3
Test result
*1 example of the present invention
For the sample with test result shown in the table 3, decortication mainly occurs on the roller or on the interior ring, part occurs on the outer shroud of sample No.9 and peel also.As seen, than comparative sample, sample of the present invention shows the long life-span from table 3, and life-span of showing of any sample of the present invention approximately be 3 times of life-span of the sample of normal process, approximately be 1.5 times of life-span of carbonitriding sample.
Peeling test:
Table 4 illustrates the inventory of the sample of all tests that stand to comprise a peeling test, and the result of test, and table 5 illustrates the condition of peeling test.Prepare in sample No.1-3 of the present invention and these samples sample of the present invention through shot blast or cryogenic treatment.Sample of the present invention is 8 (No.1-8) altogether, prepares 5 samples (No.11-15) example as a comparison.Therefore, the sum that stands the sample of peeling test is 13.
Table 4
Outer shroud strength test result
*1 example of the present invention
Table 5
The peeling test condition
| Testing machine | Ring is to ring-like testing machine |
| Testpieces | φ 40 is straight, surface roughness (Rt) 0.2 μ m |
| Corresponding testpieces | φ 40 * R60, surface roughness (Rt) 3.0 μ m (SUJ2 makes) |
| Pressure of contact surface | Pmax 2.3GPa |
| Lubricant oil | Turbine oil VG46 |
| Corresponding testpieces rotating speed | 2000rpm (testpieces is following the rotation of corresponding testpieces and rolling) |
| Total number of times that loads | 4.8×10 5Inferior |
The testpieces with 40mm diameter (bright finishing) of 13 test specimens separately, under constant condition, corresponding testpieces rolling contact with rough surface, through after the certain hour, measure the ratio of the area (compiling trickle decortication) of observed decortication generation on (bright finishing) sampling test part for the gross area.The inverse of the area ratio of determining is defined as decortication intensity here, and the decortication intensity of the comparison example No.1 of normal specimens is indicated by label 1.
Test result is shown in Table 4.The decortication intensity that any testpieces of the present invention has is at least 1.5 times of intensity of comparison example.Have found that to have the crystallite dimension number and improve toughness, thus, improve that the opposing crackle takes place and the ability of crack growth thereafter greater than 10 trickle austenite crystal.In addition, the sample that has residual compressive stress (No.4-8) by cryogenic treatment and any processing setting is improved on intensity.This is the generation and the growth of the crackle because high hardness and residual compressive stress help preventing peeling effectively.
The wipe method test:
Adopt the testpieces (see Table 4) identical to check wiping intensity with the testpieces that is used for peeling test.Test conditions is shown in Table 6.Underproof testpieces and corresponding testpieces are respectively made by the combination of same material.
Table 6
The wipe method test conditions
| Testing machine | Ring is to ring-like testing machine |
| Testpieces | φ 40 * R60, surface roughness (Rt) 3.0 μ m |
| Corresponding testpieces | φ 40 * R60, surface roughness (Rt) 3.0 μ m |
| Pressure of contact surface | Pmax 2.1GPa |
| Lubricant oil | Turbine oil VG46 |
| Corresponding testpieces rotating speed | 200rpm, acceleration: per 30 seconds 100rpm |
| The testpieces rotating speed | 200rpm |
The results are shown in the table 4.Here, when wiping took place, wiping intensity was estimated according to the rotational velocity of corresponding testpieces, and its result is shown as with respect to the ratio with the result of normal specimens for referencial use (comparison example No.11).About wiping, also find the wiping intensity (wiping take place before rotational velocity) of example of the present invention, be at least 1.5 times of intensity of the normal specimens of comparison example, and a little more than the wiping intensity of other comparison example.The balance of setting up between the trickle carbide with the fineness of the crystal grain of the crystallite dimension number of No.11 at least, suitable amount that austenite keeps and existence stops the plastic flow of surface layer, therefore, improves the characteristic of anti-jam.Do not compare with having sample, demonstrate on the intensity through the sample of extra process and slightly improve through extra process.
Static crackle strength test:
For the test specimen shown in the table 4,, measure crackle intensity then by outer shroud (18.64mm (inner diameter) * 24mm (outer diameter) * 6.9mm (the width)) imposed load of Amsler testing machine to shape shown in Figure 11.The results are shown in the table 4.The starting point of crackle is on the internal surface (rolling contact surfaces) of ring.Table 4 shows: from comparison example No.12 as seen, and the static crackle intensity of carbonitriding ordinary loss.On the contrary, the static strength of example No.1-3 of the present invention equals or is slightly larger than the static strength that stands normal heat treated normal specimens, and example of the present invention does not demonstrate the infringement to static crackle intensity.No.1-3 compares with example, and through the example No.4-6 of the present invention of extra process, its crackle intensity all is improved.Stand the example No.7 of the present invention of degree of depth cooling, low slightly on static crackle intensity than not through the example No.1 of degree of depth cooling processing, and than example No.7, static crackle intensity is a little more than the example No.8 through extra process.
Can consider that the impaired reason of the intensity of comparison example No.12 is, the increase of austenite grain size, and because the long heating in the diffusion process of carbonitriding, cause the increase of the Ovshinsky scale of construction that keeps, like this, form structure partly with low tensile strength.Comparison example No.13 also damages intensity by the same token.
The crackle Stromeyer test:
Under the conditions shown in Table 7, to applying a load on the outer shroud of test specimen shown in Figure 4 repeatedly, can determine crackle fatigue strength thus.Specifically, be applied to repeatedly on the outer shroud to the load in 3000-5000N (upper limit) scope at 98N (lower limit), the number of repetition before crackle occurs is used to valence.Here, under the situation that loading environment changes, draw the S-N curve, act on 10 before presenting according to crackle
5A load, come valence.
Table 7
Ring crack line fatigue test condition
| Testing machine | Hydraulic servo type vibrating table |
| Testpieces | φ18.64×φ24×L6.9 |
| Load (N) | In the 3000-5000 scope, change |
| Load frequency (Hz) | 20-50 (according to load change) |
| Estimate | On the S/ |
The results are shown in the table 4.The result of crackle Stromeyer test is with intensity recently representing for the intensity of the normal heat treated sample of comparison example.This shows, compare that all examples of the present invention all increase significantly on crackle intensity with comparison example.About crackle fatigue strength, example No.3 of the present invention has steel for carburizing as the basic element of character, and example No.6 of the present invention has steel for carburizing as the basic element of character, these parts is added go up residual compressive stress, and they show splendid intensity.
The two ends of softening Roller Shaft:
Two end surfaces of Roller Shaft carry out high frequency annealing, only with the close opening of an end (it is suitable treatments) of Roller Shaft material to place, a high frequency coil end, or an end remained on the state that is inserted into slightly in the opening, heat this by high frequency induction current and support the continuous quite short time, then, in air, cool off.Perhaps, after the cooling of radio frequency heating and above-mentioned short time, to the surface or with material, put in the water, can cool off apace by pouring water into.Final hardness profile is shown among Figure 12 and the table 8.
Table 8
Hardness S after the Roller Shaft high frequency annealing
Shown in Figure 12 and table 8, the core of the regional A representative of passing through by rolling element and have suitably high hardness by its two ends of area B representative.On the other hand, be important zone C and D at the outer surface two ends for the packing process, guarantee suitable low hardness (softness) to packing necessity.
Therefore, can confirm that for the rocking arm that may have short life-span because of the crooked of disadvantageous sliding condition, roller and interference that roller is mutual, the serviceability that is used for the rolling bearing of this rocking arm is improved from above result.The improvement of serviceability is to obtain by rapidoprint, makes it have trickle crystal grain and thermal resistance, thus, side by side improves the decortication life-span of damaged surfaces (such as surperficial initial the coming off of decortication and wiping) life-span and internal start.Specifically, adopt specific material processed or heat treatment type, have the structure of the austenitic carbonitriding of certain crystallite dimension at least, the ability that it provides the opposing crackle of remarkable increase to take place and grow to form one.Like this, can prevent the generation of surface crack, it is caused by the heat and the tangential stress that causes of sliding that surface layer produces, and can further obtain the quite long life-span, to stop the decortication by internal start.Based on this point, process in addition and heat treatment, surface layer being provided residual compressive stress and to increase hardness, thus further life-saving.For example, these heat treatments and processing comprise shot blast, tumbling, rolling, japanning, carburizing and carbonitriding, carbonitriding and cryogenic treatment, carbonitriding, secondary quenching and cryogenic treatment.
In the situation of carrying out packing, for the Roller Shaft that is used as the interior ring of bearing element, the outer surface on the end of Roller Shaft and the exterior domain of end surfaces require enough soft, so that in the packing process, carry out plastic deformation.On the other hand, the end of Roller Shaft requires to have certain rigidity or higher hardness, because the Roller Shaft that packing ground is fixed on the roller bearing part can be become flexible in the long using process of cam follower, finally causes coming off from axis hole.For Roller Shaft, only to the two ends of Roller Shaft, adjust the condition of the heating and cooling in the high frequency annealing, so that adjust the hardness of end surfaces with the characteristic of adding by above-mentioned heat treatment and processing.Then, acquisition can be by packing and the splendid Roller Shaft of serviceability.In other words, different with traditional carbonitriding, above-mentioned heat treatment and processing do not damage crackle intensity, therefore, can form high strength and long-life rolling bearing of filling roller.In addition, high frequency annealing carries out on the two ends as the Roller Shaft of bearing one element, to adjust hardness, thus, makes the two ends can be by packing.
Therefore, for the bearing of a rocking arm of the opening/closing of suction valve that is used for a motor car engine or outlet valve, for example, the small-sized rolling bearing of filling roller of width in 5mm to 12mm scope, the serviceability of bearing can be improved, and can accomplish the packing of bearing simultaneously.
Example 2
JIS-SUJ2 (carbon weight percentage 1.0-silicon weight percentage 0.25-manganese weight percentage 0.4-weight of chromium percentage 1.5) is used as example 2 of the present invention.The sample that is shown in Table 9 respectively forms by following program.
Table 9
| Sample | A | B | C | D | E | F | Tradition carbonitriding sample | The normal quenching sample |
| The secondary quenching temperature (℃) | 780 1) | 800 | 815 | 830 | 850 | 870 | - | - |
| Hydrogen amount (ppm) | - | 0.37 | 0.40 | 0.38 | 0.42 | 0.40 | 0.72 | 0.38 |
| Crystallite dimension (JIS) | - | 12 | 11.5 | 11 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 |
| Charpy's impact value (pendulum impact test) (J/cm 2) | - | 6.65 | 6.40 | 6.30 | 6.20 | 6.30 | 5.33 | 6.70 |
| Rupture stress (MPa) | - | 2840 | 2780 | 2650 | 2650 | 2700 | 2330 | 2770 |
| Relative rolling fatigue life (L 10) | - | 5.4 | 4.2 | 3.5 | 2.9 | 2.8 | 3.1 | 1 |
1) since insufficient quenching not with evaluation
Sample A-D: example of the present invention
Under 850 ℃, carry out carbonitriding, in the atmosphere of RX gas and ammonia mixture, kept 150 minutes.Abide by heat treated type shown in Figure 6, carry out primary quenching from 850 ℃ carbonitriding temperature, thereafter, a temperature that is heated in 780 ℃ to 830 ℃ the temperature range that is lower than the carbonitriding temperature is carried out secondary quenching.Sample A with secondary quenching temperature of 780 ℃ does not test, because the quenching of sample A is insufficient.
Sample E and F: comparison example
These samples carry out carbonitriding by the program identical with sample A-D of the present invention, then, be equal to or higher than 850 ℃ the carbonitriding temperature under a temperature of 850 ℃ to 870 ℃, carry out secondary quenching.
Traditional carbonitriding sample: comparison example
Under 850 ℃, carry out carbonitriding, in the atmosphere of RX gas and ammonia mixture, kept 150 minutes.Quench continuously from the carbonitriding temperature, do not carry out secondary quenching.
Normal quenching example: comparison example
Do not carry out carbonitriding,, quench, do not carry out secondary quenching by improving temperature to 850 ℃.
For above-mentioned sample, test so that (1) measures amounts of hydrogen, (2) measure crystallite dimension, (3) Charpy's impact value, (4) measure rupture stress, and (5) adopt the rolling contact fatigue test of following method.
I. to the test method of example 2
(1) measurement of amounts of hydrogen
Determine amounts of hydrogen by means of the DH-103 instrument for analyzing hydrogen of making by LECO company, to analyze the amounts of hydrogen of the non-diffusion in steel.The amounts of hydrogen of diffusion will not be measured.The technical specification book of the DH-103 instrument for analyzing hydrogen of LECO is as follows:
Analyst coverage: 0.01-50.00ppm
Analysis precision: ± 0.1ppm or ± 3%H (high end value)
Sensitivity for analysis: 0.01ppm
Detecting method: pyroconductivity analytic method
Example weight specification: 10mg-35g (maximum: 12mm (diameter) * 100mm (length))
Furnace temperature scope: 50 ℃-1100 ℃
Reactant: anhydrous Mg (ClO
4)
2, ascarite and NaOH
Vector gas: nitrogen
Metering gas: hydrogen
(purity of two kinds of gases is at least 99.99%, and pressure is 40PSI
(2.8kgf/cm
2)。)
The program of analyzing roughly is described in this.Use special-purpose sample collector to take a sample, sample is put into instrument for analyzing hydrogen together with sample collector.Wherein diffusible hydrogen is directed in the tester of pyroconductivity analytic method by nitrogen carriers gas.In this example, diffusible please the measurement.Then, sample takes out from sample collector and heats in resistance heater, and the hydrogen of non-diffusion is directed in the tester of pyroconductivity analytic method by nitrogen carriers gas.Adopt the tester of pyroconductivity analytic method to measure thermoelectric conductance, to determine the amount of non-diffusible hydrogen.
(2) measurement of crystallite dimension
According to austenite grain size determining method in the steel of JIS G 0551 regulation, measure crystallite dimension.
(3) Xia Shi (Charpy) shock test
According to the charpy impact test method of the metallic material of JIS Z 2202 regulation, carry out charpy impact test.Here a used testpieces is the U-groove bevel testpieces (JIS No.3 testpieces) by JIS Z 2202 regulations.
(4) measurement of rupture stress
Figure 13 illustrates a testpieces (being used to measure rupture stress) that is used for the static pressure fracture strength test.One load when testpieces ruptures, is measured this load along the direction P effect among Figure 13.Then, the Stress calculation formula by following bent beam converts the fracturing load that records to stress.Should be noted that the testpieces that is adopted is not limited to the sort of pattern shown in Figure 13, and can be to have difform any testpieces.
Suppose that the lip-deep fiber stress at the protrusion of as shown in figure 13 testpieces is σ
1, and recessed lip-deep fiber stress is σ
2, then, (JSME mechanical engineer handbook, the A-4 mechanics of materials A4-40) are calculated σ according to following formula
1And σ
2Here, N represents to comprise the axial force on the cross section of axis of ring test part, and A represents the area of cross section, e
1The expression outer radius, e
2The expression inside radius, and k is the section modulus of bent beam
σ
1＝(N/A)+{M/(Aρ
o)}〔1+e
1/{k(ρ
o+e
1)}〕
σ
2＝(N/A)+{M/(Aρ
o)}〔1-e
2/{k(ρ
o-e
2)}〕
k＝-(1/A)∫A{η/(ρ
o+η)}dA
(5) rolling contact fatigue test
The condition of rolling fatigue life test is shown in Table 10.Figure 14 A and 14B schematically illustrate a rolling fatigue life testing machine, and Figure 14 A is a sectional view, and Figure 14 B is its side view.With reference to Figure 14 A and 14B, a testpieces 31 that stands the rolling fatigue life test is subjected to the driving of drive roller 21 and rotates, and simultaneously, contacts with all balls 23.All balls are (3/4) " ball, it is by SDeflector guiding and roll.23 pairs of testpieces of all balls 31 act on a high surface pressure, and testpieces 31 also acts on a high surface pressure to all balls 23.
II. the result of example 2 test
(1) amounts of hydrogen
There is not the sample of traditional carbonitriding of additional processing to have sizable amounts of hydrogen of 0.72ppm.One of them reason is, in the carbonitriding process, is included in the ammonia (NH in the atmosphere
3) decompose, then, hydrogen enters in the steel.On the other hand, the hydrogen amount of sample B-D reduces to 0.37-0.40ppm, therefore, almost is half of hydrogen amount of traditional sample.This hydrogen amount is substantially equal to the hydrogen amount of normal quenching sample.
The minimizing of above-mentioned hydrogen amount can alleviate the degree of the steel brittlenessization that causes because of hydrogen in solid solution.In other words, by reducing the amount of hydrogen, the Charpy's impact value of sample B-D of the present invention improves significantly.
(2) crystallite dimension
About crystallite dimension, in the carbonitriding process (primary quenching), carry out Qa sample under the temperature of quenching temperature being lower than, that is, sample B-D has significantly trickle austenite crystal, that is and, the crystallite dimension number is 11-12.It is 10 austenite crystal that sample E and F and traditional carbonitriding sample and normal quenching sample have the crystallite dimension number, this means the crystallite dimension of the crystallite dimension of sample E and F greater than sample B-D of the present invention.
(3) charpy impact test
The Charpy's impact value that table 9 illustrates traditional carbonitriding sample is 5.33J/cm
2, and the Charpy's impact value of sample B-D of the present invention is higher, 6.30 to 6.65J/cm
2Thus also as seen, low secondary quenching temperature causes higher Charpy's impact value.The normal quenching sample has 6.70J/cm
2High Charpy's impact value.
(4) measurement of rupture stress
Rupture stress is corresponding to the intensity of anti-crackle.As seen, the rupture stress of traditional carbonitriding sample is 2330MPa from table 9.On the other hand, the rupture stress of sample B-D is enhanced 2650-2840MPa.The normal quenching sample has the rupture stress of 2770MPa, and it is in the scope of the rupture stress of sample B-F.Should consider that the minimizing of hydrogen amount helps to improve the intensity of the anti-crackle of sample B-D widely, and the reducing of austenite grain size.
(5) rolling contact fatigue test
According to table 9, the normal quenching sample is owing to not existing carbonitrided case to have the shortest rolling fatigue life (L10) at surface layer.On the contrary, the rolling fatigue life of conventional carbon nitrogen sample is 3.1 times of rolling fatigue life of normal quenching sample.Compare with the sample of traditional carbonitriding, the rolling fatigue life of sample B-D improves significantly.The rolling fatigue life of the traditional no better than carbonitriding sample of rolling fatigue life that sample E of the present invention and F have.
Generally speaking, sample B-D of the present invention has low hydrogen amount, and have the crystallite dimension number and be at least 11 trickleer austenite crystal, and the Charpy's impact value that improves, anti-crackle intensity and rolling fatigue life.
Example 3
Example 3 of the present invention is now described.In following sample A, B and C, carry out a series of test.It is common that what be used for sample A-C is JIS-SUJ2 (carbon weight percentage 1.0-silicon weight percentage 0.25-manganese weight percentage 0.4-weight of chromium percentage 1.5) by heat treated material.Sample A-C respectively processes by follow procedure.
Sample A-comparison example: normal quenching (no carbonitriding) only
Sample B-comparison example: directly quench afterwards in carbonitriding (conventional carbon nitrogen blends quenching altogether)
Carrying out carbonitriding kept 150 minutes down at 845 ℃.The atmosphere of carbonitriding process is the mixture of RX gas and ammonia gas.
Sample C-example of the present invention: carry out the processing of a bearing material according to heat treatment pattern shown in Figure 6.Carrying out carbonitriding kept 150 minutes down at 845 ℃.The atmosphere of carbonitriding process is the mixture of RX gas and ammonia gas.Final quenching temperature is 800 ℃.
(1) rolling fatigue life
Be used for the test conditions of rolling fatigue life test and testing apparatus shown in table 10 and Figure 14 A and 14B.The results are shown in the table 11 of rolling fatigue life test.
Table 10
| Testpieces | φ 12 * L22 cylindrical test part |
| The test number of |
10 |
| |
3/4”(19.05mm) |
| Pressure of contact surface | 5.88GPa |
| Loading velocity | 46240cpm |
| Lubricant oil | Turbine VG68-self-contained lubrication |
Table 11
According to table 11, (L10: damage in ten testpieces) be also is comparison example and the rolling fatigue life that only stands the sample A that bearing quenches 3.1 times to the rolling fatigue life that the sample B of comparison example has, therefore as seen, obtain the effect of life-saving by the carbonitriding process.On the contrary, sample C of the present invention has the long life-span, and it is 1.74 times of life-span of sample B, is 5.4 times of life-span of sample A.Should consider that this improvement mainly is to obtain from trickle microstructure.
(2) charpy impact test
Adopt the U-groove bevel testpieces of above-mentioned JIS Z 2242 regulations to carry out a charpy impact test.Test result is shown in Table 12.
Table 12
| Sample | Charpy's impact value (J/cm 2) | Relative impact value |
| A | 6.7 | 1.0 |
| B | 5.3 | 0.8 |
| C | 6.7 | 1.0 |
Stand the Charpy's impact value that Charpy's impact value that the sample B (comparison example) of carbonitriding has is not more than the sample A (comparison example) that stands normal quenching, and the Charpy's impact value of sample C equals the Charpy's impact value of sample A.
(3) static fracture toughness test
Figure 15 illustrates a testpieces that is used for static fracture toughness test.In the groove of this testpieces, after this pre-crackle that making one is approximately 1mm, by three-point bending, adds a static load, then, determines fracturing load P.Utilize following formula (I), calculate a fracture toughness value (KIc value).Test result is shown in Table 13.
KIc＝(PL√a/BW
2){5.8-9.2(a/W)+43.6(a/W)
2-75.3(a/W)
3+77.5(a/W)
4}...(I)
Table 13
| Sample | Test number (TN) | K 1C(MPa√m) | Relative K 1C |
| A | 3 | 16.3 | 1.0 |
| |
3 | 16.1 | 1.0 |
| |
3 | 18.9 | 1.2 |
Because the degree of depth of pre-crackle is greater than the degree of depth of carbonitrided case, therefore, sample A obtains identical result with B (comparison example), and the result of sample C (example of the present invention) approximately is 1.2 times of comparison example.
(4) static pressure fracture strength test (rupture stress measurement)
Adopt an above-mentioned static pressure fracture strength test spare shown in Figure 13.Apply a load along direction P among Figure 13, carry out the static pressure fracture strength test.Test result is shown in Table 14.
Table 14
| Sample | Test number (TN) | Static rupture strength (kgf) | Static relatively rupture |
| A | |||
| 3 | 4200 | 1.00 | |
| |
3 | 3500 | 0.84 |
| |
3 | 4300 | 1.03 |
The intensity that has through the sample B of carbonitriding is slightly less than the intensity of the sample A that stands normal quenching, and sample C of the present invention compares with sample B, has the static pressure rupture strength of raising, and therefore equals the static pressure intensity of sample A.
(5) slow size changing rate
Table 15 is illustrated under the condition of 130 ℃ (maintenance temperature) and 500 hours (retention time), the slow size changing rate that records, and the amount of the austenite of surface hardness and maintenance (the 0.1mm degree of depth).
Table 15
| Sample | Test number (TN) | Surface hardness (HRC) | Keep γ (%) | Size changing rate (* 10 -5) | Relative size variance ratio * ) |
| A | 3 | 62.5 | 9.0 | 18 | 1.0 |
| |
3 | 63.6 | 28.0 | 35 | 1.9 |
| |
3 | 60.0 | 11.3 | 22 | 1.2 |
*: less is best
Compare with the size changing rate of the austenitic sample B with a large amount of maintenances and since the present invention have only half or less than the austenitic amount of lower maintenance, so sample C of the present invention has the size changing rate that reduces.
(6) life test under pollution lubricating deep-fried twisted dough sticks spare
Ball bearing 6206 is used for estimating the rolling fatigue life under pollution lubricating deep-fried twisted dough sticks spare, and the common pollutant that lubricant oil has prearranging quatity is blended in wherein.Test conditions is shown in Table 16, and test result is shown in Table 17.
Table 16
| Load | Fr＝6.86kN |
| Pressure of contact surface | Pmax＝3.2Gpa |
| Rotating speed | 2000rpm |
| Oiling agent | Turbine 56-Sump lubrication |
| Amount of pollutant | 0.4g/1000cc |
| Pollutant | Particle size: 100-180 μ m, hardness: Hv800 |
Table 17
| Sample | L 10The life-span-(h) | Relative L 10 |
| A | 20.0 | 1.0 |
| B | 50.2 | 2.5 |
| C | 45.8 | 2.3 |
Stand life-span that the sample B of traditional carbonitriding has and approximately be 2.5 times of life-span of sample A, the life-span that sample C of the present invention has approximately is 2.3 times of life-span of sample A.Although sample C of the present invention has the austenitic amount of the comparison maintenance littler than the sample B of example, because the influence of the nitrogen that enters and trickle microstructure, sample C has long life-span in life-span of being substantially equal to sample B.
Therefore, can see sample C of the present invention from above-mentioned result, that is, the bearing part by heat treatment method of the present invention forms can reach three targets simultaneously: prolong by the inaccessible rolling fatigue life of traditional carbonitriding, improve crackle intensity, and slow size changing rate.
Although the present invention has made detailed description and diagram, but should be expressly understood, above-mentioned description and diagram are illustrative and example, can not think conditional meaning, and the spirit and scope of the present invention can only be limited by all claims in the appended claims.
Claims (14)
1. a rolling bearing (50) of filling roller, it is made up of ring (2) and all rollers (3) in the outer shroud (4),, and they are formed from steel, wherein,
At least one has the non-diffusible hydrogen composition of 0.5ppm at the most and has carbonitrided case in outer shroud, interior ring and all rollers on its surface layer, and the size number of the austenite crystal of surface layer is greater than 10,
In described outer shroud, interior ring and all rollers at least one contains: the carbon of 0.95%-1.10%, the silicon of 0.15%-0.35%, at the most 0.5% manganese, at the most 0.025% phosphorus, at the most 0.025% sulphur, 1.30%-1.60% chromium, be less than 0.08% molybdenum, all the other components are iron and other impurity
After in described outer shroud, interior ring and all rollers at least one is being equal to or greater than and carrying out carbonitriding under the carbonitriding temperature of A1 transition temperature, in described outer shroud, interior ring and all rollers at least one is cooled to below a temperature of A1 transition temperature, then, be heated to a quenching temperature of 790 ℃-815 ℃, thus, quench.
2. the rolling bearing of filling roller as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that,
Described quenching temperature is in a temperature range, and wherein, carbide and/or nitride and an Ovshinsky figure co-exist in the surface layer of carbonitriding of steel.
3. the rolling bearing of filling roller as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that,
In described outer shroud, interior ring and the roller at least one be before carbonitriding, carry out cold worked.
4. the rolling bearing of filling roller as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that,
In in described outer shroud, interior ring and roller at least one, produce the compressive residual stress that is at least 500Mpa.
5. a roller cam follower that is used for motor comprises:
One outer shroud that contacts with the camshaft rolling of motor;
One is positioned at described outer shroud inside and is fixed on Roller Shaft on the cam follower body; And
Be placed on the bearing element between described outer shroud and the described Roller Shaft, wherein,
In described outer shroud, Roller Shaft and the bearing element at least one has a carbonitrided case, and has the non-diffusible hydrogen composition that is at most 0.5ppm,
In described outer shroud, Roller Shaft and the bearing element at least one contains: the carbon of 0.95%-1.10%, the silicon of 0.15%-0.35%, at the most 0.5% manganese, at the most 0.025% phosphorus, at the most 0.025% sulphur, 1.30%-1.60% chromium, be less than 0.08% molybdenum, all the other components are iron and other impurity
In described outer shroud, Roller Shaft and bearing element at least one is being equal to or greater than under the carbonitriding temperature of A1 transition temperature carries out after the carbonitriding, in described outer shroud, Roller Shaft and the bearing element at least one is cooled to below a temperature of A1 transition temperature, then, be heated to a quenching temperature of 790 ℃-815 ℃, thus, quench.
6. the roller cam follower of motor as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that,
Described at least one austenite crystal at least one surface layer in described outer shroud, Roller Shaft and the bearing element makes trickle, to have the crystallite dimension number greater than 10.
7. the roller cam follower of motor as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that,
In described outer shroud, Roller Shaft and the bearing element described at least one have the rupture stress that is at least 2650MPa.
8. as the roller cam follower of any one described motor among the claim 5-7, it is characterized in that, described cam follower body (50) is installed on the end (1a) of a rocking arm (1), described rocking arm is connected on the rotatingshaft (5) that is positioned between a described end and the other end (1b) pivotly, one end of one opening/closing valve (9) of described motor abuts against on the described the other end, described cam follower body on a described end has the roller bearing part (14) of a bifurcated, and described Roller Shaft is fixed on the roller bearing part of described bifurcated.
9. as the roller cam follower of any one described motor among the claim 5-7, it is characterized in that, described cam follower body (50) is installed between the end (1b) and the other end (1a) of a rocking arm (1), described Roller Shaft (2) is fixed in the roller holes of extending between the two side of rocking arm, one end of one opening/closing valve (9) of described motor abuts against on the described end (1b) of described rocking arm, and a pivot (15) abuts against on the described the other end (1a).
10. as the roller cam follower of any one described motor among the claim 5-7, it is characterized in that, one rocking arm (1) is connected rotatingshaft (5) between the end (1b) that is positioned at described rocking arm and the other end (1a) pivotly, one end of one opening/closing valve (9) of described motor abuts against on the described end (1b), the described the other end (1a) abuts against from an end of an interlocking lever (16) of described cam (6) transmission stress, described cam follower body (50) is installed on the other end of described interlocking lever, a described end of described interlocking lever and the described the other end lay respectively on described rocking arm and the described cam (6), and described Roller Shaft is connected described cam follower body and abuts against on the described cam.
11. the roller cam follower as any one described motor among the claim 5-7 is characterized in that, described bearing element is a bearing of filling needle roller.
12. the roller cam follower as any one described motor among the claim 5-7 is characterized in that the hardness that the end of described Roller Shaft has is lower than the hardness of its core.
13. the roller cam follower as any one described motor among the claim 5-7 is characterized in that the end of described Roller Shaft is packing.
14. the roller cam follower as any one described motor among the claim 5-7 is characterized in that, described cam follower is that whole pressure processing form.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002303036 | 2002-10-17 | ||
| JP2002303036A JP3990254B2 (en) | 2002-10-17 | 2002-10-17 | Full-roller type rolling bearing |
| JP2003053505 | 2003-02-28 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1497194A CN1497194A (en) | 2004-05-19 |
| CN100398856C true CN100398856C (en) | 2008-07-02 |
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ID=32450938
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2003101015839A Expired - Lifetime CN100398856C (en) | 2002-10-17 | 2003-10-17 | Rolling bearing filled with balls and ball cam follower for engine |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP3990254B2 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN100398856C (en) |
Families Citing this family (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2006001124A1 (en) * | 2004-06-25 | 2006-01-05 | Ntn Corporation | Rolling bearing |
| EP2345822B1 (en) | 2004-08-02 | 2019-01-09 | NTN Corporation | Rolling bearing for rocker arm and rocker arm |
| KR20080031317A (en) * | 2005-07-27 | 2008-04-08 | 티에치케이 가부시끼가이샤 | Process for producing motion guide apparatus and motion guide apparatus produced by the process |
| JP2007177288A (en) * | 2005-12-28 | 2007-07-12 | Nsk Ltd | Rolling supporting device, and its rolling member manufacturing method |
| JP4730168B2 (en) * | 2006-03-29 | 2011-07-20 | 日本精工株式会社 | Test method for radial rolling bearings |
| JP2008020003A (en) * | 2006-07-13 | 2008-01-31 | Ntn Corp | Process for producing track member and valve gear, and track member |
| DE102006055027A1 (en) * | 2006-11-22 | 2008-05-29 | Schaeffler Kg | Radial rolling bearings, in particular for the storage of shafts in wind power transmissions |
| US8109247B2 (en) | 2008-05-19 | 2012-02-07 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Wear resistant camshaft and follower material |
| JP4886007B2 (en) * | 2009-05-13 | 2012-02-29 | Ｎｔｎ株式会社 | Roller bearing for rocker arm |
| DE102013226090A1 (en) * | 2013-12-16 | 2015-06-18 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Process for gas nitrocarburizing |
| DK2899398T3 (en) | 2014-01-28 | 2016-05-02 | Siemens Ag | Coated component of a wind turbine |
| KR20180091021A (en) * | 2015-12-09 | 2018-08-14 | 에누티에누 가부시기가이샤 | Shafts and bearings for bearings |
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| US5338377A (en) * | 1991-09-19 | 1994-08-16 | Nsk Ltd. | Ball-and-roller bearing |
| US5456136A (en) * | 1991-04-24 | 1995-10-10 | Ntn Corporation | Cam follower with roller for use with engine |
| US5611250A (en) * | 1992-07-23 | 1997-03-18 | Nsk, Ltd. | Rolling/sliding part |
| EP0811789A1 (en) * | 1995-11-21 | 1997-12-10 | Koyo Seiko Co., Ltd. | Mechanical part |
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| EP0950723A1 (en) * | 1996-12-17 | 1999-10-20 | Komatsu Ltd. | High bearing-strength steel parts and processes for the production thereof |
| US6224688B1 (en) * | 1997-08-18 | 2001-05-01 | Nsk Ltd. | Rolling bearing |
| CN1421541A (en) * | 2001-11-29 | 2003-06-04 | Ntn株式会社 | Bearing parts, Heat treatment method of bearing parts and rolling bearing |
-
2002
- 2002-10-17 JP JP2002303036A patent/JP3990254B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2003
- 2003-10-17 CN CNB2003101015839A patent/CN100398856C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5456136A (en) * | 1991-04-24 | 1995-10-10 | Ntn Corporation | Cam follower with roller for use with engine |
| US5338377A (en) * | 1991-09-19 | 1994-08-16 | Nsk Ltd. | Ball-and-roller bearing |
| US5611250A (en) * | 1992-07-23 | 1997-03-18 | Nsk, Ltd. | Rolling/sliding part |
| EP0811789A1 (en) * | 1995-11-21 | 1997-12-10 | Koyo Seiko Co., Ltd. | Mechanical part |
| JPH108136A (en) * | 1996-06-26 | 1998-01-13 | Koyo Seiko Co Ltd | Machine part and production thereof |
| EP0950723A1 (en) * | 1996-12-17 | 1999-10-20 | Komatsu Ltd. | High bearing-strength steel parts and processes for the production thereof |
| US6224688B1 (en) * | 1997-08-18 | 2001-05-01 | Nsk Ltd. | Rolling bearing |
| CN1421541A (en) * | 2001-11-29 | 2003-06-04 | Ntn株式会社 | Bearing parts, Heat treatment method of bearing parts and rolling bearing |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1497194A (en) | 2004-05-19 |
| JP2004137553A (en) | 2004-05-13 |
| JP3990254B2 (en) | 2007-10-10 |
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