CN100391671C - Completely cutting tool for shaving and honing gear and its usage - Google Patents

Completely cutting tool for shaving and honing gear and its usage Download PDF

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CN100391671C
CN100391671C CNB2004100645440A CN200410064544A CN100391671C CN 100391671 C CN100391671 C CN 100391671C CN B2004100645440 A CNB2004100645440 A CN B2004100645440A CN 200410064544 A CN200410064544 A CN 200410064544A CN 100391671 C CN100391671 C CN 100391671C
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tooth
involute
helical teeth
gear
completely cutting
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CN1608777A (en
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吕明
***
徐灵岩
徐增伦
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Taiyuan University of Technology
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Abstract

The present invention relates to completely cutting type cutters for shaving and honing gears and a use method thereof, which more specifically relates to a completely cutting type gear-shaped gear shaving cutter, a completely cutting type gear-shaped honing wheel and a use method thereof, wherein the completely cutting type gear-shaped gear shaving cutter is provided with an end section involute tooth-shaped edge and is used for finish machining a soft tooth surface before a gear is quenched; the completely cutting type gear-shaped honing wheel is used for finish machining a hard tooth surface after the gear is quenched. The present invention which is composed of a skewed-tooth gear shaving cutter and a skewed-tooth honing wheel is characterized in that the present invention is completely cutting type cutters for shaving and honing gears that each edge is capable of continuously and gradually cutting from a dedendum to an addendum, and tooth-shaped curves on tooth surfaces of the skewed-tooth gear shaving cutter and the skewed-tooth honing wheel are fitted to an end surface curve which approaches to an involute. The present invention is realized by means of a special design program PICM which has few errors and is capable of fitting a cutter-tooth end-surface projection curve closely related to the contact line of cutter tooth surfaces of the skewed-tooth gear shaving cutter and the skewed-tooth honing wheel into an end section tooth shape having a completely cutting function and approaching to an involute.

Description

Full cutting oblique teeth shaving cutter,oblique teeth honing-tool and design method
One, technical field
Full cutting oblique teeth shaving cutter,oblique teeth honing-tool and design method of the present invention belongs to gear manufacturing technology field, is specifically related to have the hard flank of tooth accurately machined completely cutting gear-like honing wheel and method for designing thereof after being used for the accurately machined completely cutting gear-like of the soft flank of tooth gear shaver before the gear quenching and being used for gear quenching of end section involute profile sword.
Two, background technology
The gear-like gear shaver was used so far by U.S.'s invention from 1932, its feature is to cut the chip pocket of wide about 1mm, an about deeply 0.8mm surplus in the of ten in the flank of tooth upper edge tooth depth direction of " gear-like high-speed steel gear shaver ", and groove and involute helical tooth flank intersect end face involute profile sword (as shown in Figure 1).Gear-like superhard material (as CBN) honing wheel comes out from the seventies in 20th century and uses so far, see data YAK621,923.5,621.833 and JP63-221977-1988, US Pat, people such as Thomas Bausch is at " werkstatt und Betrieb " 1986 in addition, in the paper that NO.8 delivers and " application machine engineering " 1989.30 (5) papers that publish report is arranged also, its feature is to be coated with to be coated with certain thickness superhard material on the flank of tooth of gear-like steel matrix honing wheel, as CBN or diamond (as shown in Figure 3).The design of these two kinds of cutters and operation principle are all comply with in the theory of engagement of space alternating axis helical gear.Be characterized in the Gear Processing process having only on cutter tooth face and the contact wire (track that claims path of contact, meshing point or contact point again) that is meshed of the wheel flank of tooth, blade just has shear action (seeing Fig. 1, Fig. 2).As shown in Figure 1: a blade surplus on the every lateral tooth flank of standard gear shaver, having 10 approximately, but each blade only is in and a bit participates in machining on the contact wire, remainder is then inoperative, be that each blade contact length that is no more than 1mm of at most only having an appointment plays shear action, and in whole reciprocating feed working angles, each blade only this cutting point is repeating to participate in cutting, therefore, these place's wearing and tearing are very fast, seriously influence the durability of cutter naturally.
Three, summary of the invention
A kind of full cutting oblique teeth shaving cutter,oblique teeth honing-tool and design method of the present invention, purpose is to provide a kind of every blade to participate in cutting continuously to tooth top gradually from tooth root, life-span is improved 10 times at least, and (modulus is big more, life-span is long more), and the contrate tooth profile curve on the helical teeth gear shaver and the helical teeth honing wheel flank of tooth can be fitted to the completely cutting tool for shaving and honing gear of the cross section curve of approximate involute.
A kind of completely cutting helical teeth of the present invention gear shaver, it is characterized in that a kind of every blade all can participate in continuously cutting to tooth top gradually from tooth root, the contrate tooth profile curve on the helical teeth gear shaver flank of tooth is fitted to the completely cutting helical teeth gear shaver of the cross section curve of approximate involute.
Simultaneously with the identical a kind of completely cutting helical teeth honing wheel of completely cutting helical teeth gear shaver design, it is characterized in that it being that each bar contrate tooth profile sword all can participate in continuously cutting to tooth top gradually from tooth root on the cutter tooth face, the contrate tooth profile curve of helical teeth honing wheel is fitted to the completely cutting helical teeth honing wheel of the cross section curve of approximate involute.
The above-mentioned full cut type helical teeth gear shaver and the method for designing of helical teeth honing wheel, it is characterized in that it being by fitting to an end section profile of tooth with the closely-related cutter tooth end on projection of the cutter tooth face contact wire curve of helical teeth gear shaver and helical teeth honing wheel with approximate involute of completely cutting function, it is blade-shaped curve, and the PICM that designs program of the special use that error is minimum realizes, this program PICM is the involute The Fitting Calculation program of tool for shaving and honing gear blade-shaped curve, in calculating gear shaver and honing wheel tooth shape process, its number of teeth (Z 1), modulus (m n), helical angle (β 0) all be definite value, tooth shape is an involute, only needs to determine pressure angle α 1, determine pressure angle α 1Involute equation be:
x 10＝-r b1cos(u 1-σ 01)-r b1u 1sin(u 1-σ 01)；
y 10＝r b1sin(u 1-σ 01)-r b1u 1cos(u 1-σ 01)；
r b1＝(m nZ 1/cosβ 0)cosα 1；
Wherein:
r B1-gear shaver or honing wheel base radius;
σ 01-this involute initial point position angle;
u 1-involute the angle of spread;
By following formula, the point (x on the involute 10, y 10) and blade-shaped curve on point (x 1, y 1) one to one relational expression be:
x 10(i)＝x 1(i)；
y 10(i)＝y 1(i)，(i＝1，2，3，Λ，N)；
x 1(i), y 1(i) known, ask x 10(i), y 10(i)
If: x 10(i)=x 1(i)
That is :-(m nZ 1/ cos β 0) cos α 1[cos (u 1(i)-σ 01)+u 1(i) sin (u 1(i)-σ 01)]=x 1(i)
In like manner:
y 10(i)=(m nZ 1/ cos β 0) cos α 1[sin (u 1(i)-σ 01)-u 1(i) cos (u 1(i)-σ 01)] its error is:
ee(i)＝y 10(i)-y 1(i)，(i＝1，2，3，Λ，N)
Ask the object function of minimal error to be:
EE ( α 1 , σ 01 ) = Σ i = 1 N [ y 10 ( i ) - y 1 ( i ) ] 2
So the problem of finding the solution is: at min EE (α 1, σ 01)≤ε, and satisfy ee (i)=ε i(wherein: ε, ε iBe given computational accuracy value) the pressure angle of involute of trying to achieve under the condition: α 1
The above-mentioned completely cutting helical teeth gear shaver and the method for designing of helical teeth honing wheel, the mesh equation when it is characterized in that described helical teeth gear shaver and helical teeth honing wheel and processed gears engaged by under establish an equation definite:
Figure C20041006454400072
Helical teeth gear shaver and helical teeth honing wheel and gear teeth face contact wire equation by under establish an equation definite:
Figure C20041006454400073
x 2＝r b·cos(u+σ 02)+r b·u·sin(u+σ 02)；
y 2＝r b·sin(u+σ 02)-r b·u·cos(u+σ 02)；
z 2＝z 2；
Contact wire equation in helical teeth gear shaver and the helical teeth honing wheel cutter tooth end section by under establish an equation definite:
Figure C20041006454400074
Figure C20041006454400075
Figure C20041006454400076
Figure C20041006454400077
z 1＝d；
In the formula:
Figure C200410064544000711
Figure C20041006454400081
The kinematic parameter at-meshing point place;
U-flank of tooth involute parameter;
∑-crossed axis angle;
A-centre-to-centre spacing;
i 21-gearratio;
r b-rolling circle radius;
σ 02-involute initial angle;
D-becomes constant, is the distance on plane ∏ and x-O-y plane.
The method for designing of above-mentioned full cut type helical teeth honing wheel is characterized in that, to described helical teeth honing wheel coating superhard material cubic boron nitride and carry out thermal diffusion process.
By processing experiment checking and user's applicating evaluating, completely cutting helical teeth gear shaver of the present invention and helical teeth honing wheel mainly contain following advantage:
1, according to calculating as can be known, these two kinds of forms of gear tooth that cutter processed are compared with theoretical involute profile, not only error is in allowed band, and tooth top and tooth root all will be excised some more, thereby played the effect of automatic tip relief, improved crudy, helped reducing processed tooth-formation of gear concave amount and reduce the transmission noise.
2, because designed cutter can make the total length of each profile of tooth sword all participate in machining, can improve cutter life more than ten times, and module is big more, effect is good more.For CBN top gem of a girdle-pendant wheel, make that the abrasive particle on all knives flank of tooth can both participate in gear honing, given full play to the potential of all abrasive particles.
3, PICM program convenience of calculation not only, simultaneously to become simple of the helical teeth gear shaver of complexity and helical teeth honing wheel tool sharpening technology and reliable basis is provided, on the Y7125 gear grinding machines, only change the guide rail established angle, and do not need the correction of the flank shape emery wheel just can reach the purpose of this type of cutter of sharpening.
4, further improved the hard accurately machined efficient of the flank of tooth of the preceding soft flank of tooth fine finishining of a large amount of in batch gear quenchings and the back of quenching.
Four, description of drawings
Completely cutting helical teeth gear shaver of the present invention and helical teeth honing wheel description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is a completely cutting helical teeth shaving cutter tooth profile stereogram.
Number in the figure: 1, cutter tooth face; 2, profile of tooth blade; 3, chip pocket; 4, the contact wire on the cutter tooth face.
Fig. 2 is a completely cutting helical teeth gear shaver end section tooth shape.
Number in the figure: 5, end section match involute tooth shape; 6, contact wire end on projection curve.
Fig. 3 is a completely cutting helical teeth honing wheel profile of tooth stereogram.
Number in the figure: 7, the cutter tooth face of coating superhard material; 4, contact wire; 8, imaginary involute end section.
Fig. 4 is a completely cutting helical teeth honing wheel end section tooth shape.
Number in the figure: 5, the end of match involute surface cuts shape; 6, contact wire end on projection curve.
Fig. 5 is the cutter tooth and the gear teeth coordinate system of completely cutting helical teeth gear shaver and helical teeth honing wheel.
Symbol marking explanation among the figure:
Coordinate system S (O-x, y, z) and S p(O p-x p, y p, z p) be two coordinate systems in fixed in space, the Z axle overlaps Z with the axis of rotation of helical teeth gear shaver or helical teeth top gem of a girdle-pendant wheel pAxle overlaps with the axis of rotation of gear 2, and the angle between the two axial lines is ∑ (crossed axis angle).X axle and x pAxle overlaps, and their direction is exactly the beeline direction of two axial lines, OO pBe beeline, promptly equal minimum centers-distance a.
Coordinate system S 1(O 1-x 1, y 1, z 1) be connected coordinate system S with cutter 2(O 2-x 2, y 2, z 2) be connected I with gear 2Be the displacement of certain hour,
Figure C20041006454400091
The angle that turns over around the Z axle for cutter,
Figure C20041006454400092
For gear around Z pThe angle that axle turns over, plane Л is the plane at cutter blade-shaped curve place, its method is vowed and is k (k 1).D is the distance on plane Л and x-O-y plane for becoming constant.
Five, the specific embodiment
Cutter to modulus 3.75mm carries out designing and calculating and experimental analysis, can make every blade participate in cutting continuously to tooth top gradually from tooth root, and only this improvement cutter life improves 10 times at least, and modulus is big more, and the life-span is long more.
We have developed a kind of computer-aided design system (PICM), it can will fit to an end section profile of tooth with approximate involute of completely cutting function with the closely-related cutter tooth end on projection of cutter tooth face contact wire curve, be blade-shaped curve (as Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, shown in Figure 4), and error is minimum.Should approximate involute profile have corresponding base circle diameter (BCD) and pressure angle correction value, arbitrary according to this parameter can grind the end section profile of tooth (being tooth shape) of completely cutting, i.e. completely cutting helical teeth gear shaver and helical teeth honing wheel on gear grinding machines.
By coordinate system S shown in Figure 5 1And S 2In, by coordinate transform and mathematical derivation, the equation of meshing when completely cutting helical teeth gear shaver of the present invention and helical teeth honing wheel and processed gears engaged:
Figure C20041006454400094
In the formula:
Figure C20041006454400101
Figure C20041006454400102
Figure C20041006454400103
The kinematic parameter at-meshing point place;
U-flank of tooth involute parameter;
∑-crossed axis angle;
A-centre-to-centre spacing;
i 21-gearratio;
r b-rolling circle radius;
σ 02-involute initial angle;
D-becomes constant, is the distance on plane ∏ and x-O-y plane.
In following formula, given one
Figure C20041006454400104
Value then can be obtained a u value that satisfies meshing condition.Therefore, by gear teeth face contact wire equation:
x 2＝r b·cos(u+σ 02)+r b·u·sin(u+σ 02)；
y 2＝r b·sin(u+σ 02)-r b·u·cos(u+σ 02)；
z 2＝z 2；
Just can try to achieve a conjugate point on the gear teeth face, change gradually A series of conjugate points on the flank of tooth have just been obtained by following formula in the angle.The set of these conjugate points is exactly the contact wire on the flank of tooth.
In like manner, because u, After determining, the cutter corner
Figure C20041006454400108
Also determine, just can write out contact wire equation in the cutter tooth end section according to coordinate transform like this:
Figure C20041006454400109
Figure C200410064544001010
Figure C200410064544001011
Figure C200410064544001013
z 1＝d；
Figure C200410064544001014
Can obtain the conjugate point of a series of correspondences on the cutter tooth end section by following formula, the set of these points is exactly the theoretical blade-shaped curve in the end face of completely cutting helical teeth gear shaver, helical teeth honing wheel.This blade-shaped curve is not an involute.For the convenience of sharpening,, obtain the practical tooth shape that approaches involute in its cutter tooth end face according to any meshing parameter by the PICM program of establishment.
The sharpening of helical teeth gear shaver and helical teeth honing wheel generally carries out on the Y7125 gear grinding machines, and the sharpening principle is the theory of engagement of rack and pinion.A side of the axial profile of emery wheel working face is exactly a straight flange flank of tooth of imaginary tooth bar, and for master gear, the profile angle of this straight flange flank of tooth is 20 °, and promptly the pressure angle of gear is 20 °.The actual tooth shape of obtaining by calculating can be meshed with the tooth bar that profile angle is not equal to 20 ° the approximate straight flange flank of tooth, promptly as long as grinding wheel spindle is rebuild whole involute cutter tooth faces that the straight flange that becomes to have the certain pressure angle just can sharpening goes out to be similar to the involute tooth shape to profile.Adjust the lathe established angle according to revised pressure angle during sharpening, can grind satisfactoryly shave, top gem of a girdle-pendant cutter.Table 1 is a most preferred embodiment under disalignment angle of cut situation, has listed the cyclotomy correction pressure angle according to concrete calculation of parameter in the table.
Table 1
Figure C20041006454400111
In order to guarantee and improve the adhesion and the cutter life of helical teeth honing wheel coated layer and top gem of a girdle-pendant wheel matrix, we have taked thermal diffusion process, obtain remarkable result, and this is the key point of such cutter on manufacturing process.In addition, the gear teeth profile of tooth that processes with this honing wheel also has slight tip relief amount, helps noise reduction.

Claims (3)

1. completely cutting helical teeth gear shaver, it is characterized in that a kind of every blade all can participate in continuously cutting to tooth top gradually from tooth root, contrate tooth profile curve on the helical teeth gear shaver flank of tooth is fitted to the completely cutting helical teeth gear shaver of the cross section curve of approximate involute, its manufacture method is by fitting to an end section profile of tooth with approximate involute of completely cutting function with the closely-related cutter tooth end on projection of the cutter tooth face contact wire curve of helical teeth gear shaver, it is blade-shaped curve, and the designing program of the special use that error is minimum realized, this program is the involute The Fitting Calculation program of helical teeth gear shaver blade-shaped curve, in calculating helical teeth gear shaver blade-shaped curve process, its tooth number Z 1, modulus m n, helixangle 0All be definite value, tooth shape is an involute, only needs to determine pressure angle α 1, determine pressure angle α 1Involute equation be:
x 10＝-r b1cos(u 1-σ 01)-r b1u 1sin(u 1-σ 01)；
y 10＝r b1sin(u 1-σ 01)-r b1u 1cos(u 1-σ 01)；
r b1＝(m nZ 1/cosβ 0)cosα 1；
Wherein:
r B1-gear shaver base radius;
σ 01-this involute initial point position angle;
u 1-involute the angle of spread;
By following formula, the point (x on the involute 10, y 10) and blade-shaped curve on point (x 1, y 1) one to one relational expression be:
x 10(i)＝x 1(i)；
y 10(i)＝y 1(i)，(i＝1，2，3，…，N)；
x 1(i), y 1(i) known, ask x 10(i), y 10(i)
If: x 10(i)=x 1(i)
That is :-(m nZ 1/ cos β 0) cos α 1[cos (u 1(i)-σ 01)+u 1(i) sin (u 1(i)-σ 01)]=x 1(i)
In like manner:
y 10(i)＝(m nZ 1/cosβ 0)cosα 1[sin(u 1(i)-σ0 1)-u 1(i)cos(u 1(i)-σ 01)]
Its error is:
ee(i)＝y 10(i)-y 1(i)，(i＝1，2，3，…，N)
Ask the object function of minimal error to be:
EE ( α 1 , σ 01 ) = Σ i = 1 N [ y 10 ( i ) - y 1 ( i ) ] 2
So the problem of finding the solution is: at min EE (α 1, σ 01)≤ε, and satisfy ee (i)=ε iThe pressure angle of involute α that tries to achieve under the condition 1, wherein: ε, ε iIt is given computational accuracy value.
2. completely cutting helical teeth honing wheel, it is characterized in that a kind of every blade all can participate in continuously cutting to tooth top gradually from tooth root, the contrate tooth profile curve of helical teeth honing wheel is fitted to the completely cutting helical teeth honing wheel of the cross section curve of approximate involute, its manufacture method is by the closely-related cutter tooth end on projection of the cutter tooth face contact wire curve of helical teeth honing wheel being fitted to an end section profile of tooth with approximate involute of completely cutting function, it is blade-shaped curve, and the designing program of the special use that error is minimum realized, this program is the involute The Fitting Calculation program of helical teeth honing wheel blade-shaped curve, in calculating helical teeth honing wheel blade-shaped curve process, its tooth number Z 1, modulus m n, helixangle 0All be definite value, tooth shape is an involute, only needs to determine pressure angle α 1, determine pressure angle α 1Involute equation be:
x 10＝-r b1cos(u 1-σ 01)-r b1u 1sin(u 1-σ 01)；
y 10＝r b1sin(u 1-σ 01)-r b1u 1cos(u 1-σ 01)；
r b1＝(m nZ 1/cosβ 0)cosα 1；
Wherein:
r B1-honing wheel base radius;
σ 01-this involute initial point position angle;
u 1-involute the angle of spread;
By following formula, the point (x on the involute 10, y 10) and blade-shaped curve on point (x 1, y 1) one to one relational expression be:
x 10(i)＝x 1(i)；
y 10(i)＝y 1(i)，(i＝1，2，3，…，N)；
x 1(i), y 1(i) known, ask x 10(i), y 10(i)
If: x 10(i)=x 1(i)
That is :-(m nZ 1/ cos β 0) cos α 1[cos (u 1(i)-σ 01)+u 1(i) sin (u 1(i)-σ 01)]=x 1(i)
In like manner:
y 10(i)＝(m nZ 1/cosβ 0)cosα 1[sin(u 1(i)-σ 01)-u 1(i)cos(u 1(i)-σ 01)]
Its error is:
ee(i)＝y 10(i)-y 1(i)，(i＝1，2，3，…，N)
Ask the object function of minimal error to be:
EE ( α 1 , σ 01 ) = Σ i = 1 N [ y 10 ( i ) - y 1 ( i ) ] 2
So the problem of finding the solution is: at minEE (α 1, σ 01)≤ε, and satisfy ee (i)=ε iThe pressure angle of involute α that tries to achieve under the condition 1, wherein: ε, ε iIt is given computational accuracy value.
3. completely cutting helical teeth honing wheel according to claim 2 is characterized in that, to described completely cutting helical teeth honing wheel coating superhard material cubic boron nitride and carry out thermal diffusion process.
CNB2004100645440A 2004-11-12 2004-11-12 Completely cutting tool for shaving and honing gear and its usage Expired - Fee Related CN100391671C (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103381509A (en) * 2012-05-03 2013-11-06 李仕清 Combined slotting cutter, combined gear shaving cutter or combined planning tool
CN103100764B (en) * 2013-02-09 2014-10-29 吉林大学 Design method of 0-degree tooth profile angle helical tooth finish turning gear shaving cutter
CN105522227B (en) * 2015-12-13 2018-05-25 北京工业大学 A kind of profile correction method for cycloid bevel gears processing cutter tooth main cutting edge
DE102016009468A1 (en) * 2016-08-03 2018-02-08 Audi Ag Honing process with cross grinding for gears
CN107755718B (en) * 2016-08-16 2019-09-10 天津锐溥精密模具有限公司 The design method of involute blade
CN106735612B (en) * 2016-12-14 2019-01-29 北京工业大学 A method of improving gear honing processing

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
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CN87200739U (en) * 1987-01-21 1988-01-27 太原工业大学 Shaving-lapping wheel with slots on tooth faces
CN2219173Y (en) * 1994-09-23 1996-02-07 张昌文 Tool wheel for electrolyzing, shaving and honing circular gear
JPH1086017A (en) * 1996-09-10 1998-04-07 Mazda Motor Corp Working method for gear and deburring machine for gear work

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Title
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新型齿向开槽剃齿刀的切削角度对齿形精度的影响. 郝胜文，吕明.机械工艺师，第2期. 2000 *
被剃齿面中凹误差的分析计算. 吕明，轧刚，张华，徐璞.太原工业大学学报，第26卷第3期. 1995
被剃齿面中凹误差的分析计算. 吕明，轧刚，张华，徐璞.太原工业大学学报，第26卷第3期. 1995 *

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Assignee: Foshan City Shunde District Golive Machinery Co., Ltd.

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Denomination of invention: Completely cutting tool for shaving and honing gear and its usage

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