CN100386002C - 具有输出电压箝位电路的气体放电灯镇流器 - Google Patents
具有输出电压箝位电路的气体放电灯镇流器 Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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Abstract
一种气体放电灯的镇流器电路包括具有耦合到谐振负载电路的电路的直交流转换电路。转换电路包括串联在直流电压时的总线导线和基准导线之间的一对开关。提供所述第一和第二开关的反馈控制的门驱动装置。该装置包括用以提供反馈信号的反馈电路;用以将反馈信号耦合到控制节点上的包含电感器的耦合电路和连接在公共节点与控制节点之间的第一双向电压箝位电路。第二双向电压箝位电路耦接在所述电感器两端,以限定电感器上正负电压漂移。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及镇流器或电源电路,该镇流器或电源电路用于这种类型的气体放电灯,即采用门驱动电路(gate drive circuitry),以反馈控制一对串联连接的直流-交流转换器的互补导电型开关。本发明特别涉及使用箝位电路限制输出电压。
背景技术
均受让给现受让人且已颁发给本发明人的美国专利US 5796214和Louis R.Nerone and David J.Kachmarik在98年8月25日提交的申请号为No.09/139311的同时待审的专利申请都披露了各种镇流器电路,该镇流器电路用于使用门驱动电路类型,以反馈控制一对串联连接的直流-交流转换器的互补导电型开关的气体放电灯。上述专利和专利申请的门驱动电路在某些方面彼此不同,但都包括具有电感器的耦合电路,该电感器用于把反馈信号耦合到开关的控制节点上。
人们期望提供用于箝位上述类型镇流器电路的输出电压的电路。这样可防止一般输出电路部件的过热,消除例如在灯损坏时镇流器外壳变黑或冒烟。还应该降低灯启动期间的峰值电压。此外,为了实现低成本,在不牺牲可靠性的情况下,应该降低各种部件的额定性能。
人们期望提供可以以低成本制造的箝位输出电压的电路。
发明内容
本发明示例性的实施例提供了一种用于气体放电灯的镇流器电路,该镇流器电路包括直流-交流转换电路,该电路耦合到谐振负载电路的电路,用以感应负载中的交流电流。该直流-交流转换电路包括串联连接在直流电压时的总线导线和基准导线之间的一对开关,各开关的基准节点和控制节点之间的电压决定有关开关的导通状态。所述开关的各基准节点在流过所述交流电流的公共节点上连接在一起,所述开关的各控制节点连接在一起。提供反馈控制所述第一和第二开关的门驱动装置。该装置包括:反馈电路,用以提供代表所述负载电路中电流的反馈信号;包括电感器的耦合电路,用以将所述反馈信号耦合到所述控制节点上;和连接在所述公共节点与所述控制节点之间的第一双向电压箝位电路。第二双向电压箝位电路耦接在所述电感器两端,以便限定所述电感器上正负电压的漂移。
上述镇流器电路包括限定输出电压的第二双向电压箝位电路。有利的是,便宜的齐纳二极管可以用于这种箝位电路。
附图说明
图1是本发明镇流器电路的一个实施例的示意图。
图2是灯电压与操作频率的曲线图。
图3是本发明的镇流器电路的另一个实施例的示意图。
具体实施方式
图1表示本发明的镇流器电路10。由电源14提供并存在于总线导线16和基准导线18之间的直流总线电压,在被转换成交流电压后,施加在例如荧光灯之类的气体放电灯12上。串联连接在导线16和18之间的开关20和22被用于该转换处理。当这些开关分别包括n沟道和p沟道增强型MOSFET时,开关的源极最好在公共节点或导线24上直接连接在一起。这些开关可包括具备互补导电模式的其它器件,例如PNP和NPN双极型结型晶体管。
示例性的谐振负载电路26包括灯12。谐振电容器28和谐振电感器30决定负载电路的谐振频率。电路26还包括反馈电容器33和隔直流电容器34。普通的缓冲电容器36使开关20和22轻缓地开关。
开关20和22相互配合,将来自公共节点24的交流电流提供给负载电路26。开关的栅极或控制电极20a和20b最好在控制节点或导线32上直接连接在一起。一般用标号38表示的门驱动电路连接在节点24和32之间,用以反馈控制这些开关。由所示图中右半边的反馈电容器33产生的反馈信号最好通过电感器40耦合到控制节点32上。除了提供反馈信号外,如下所述,在电路启动期间也可以使用电容器33。
连接在节点24和32之间的双向电压箝位电路42,例如图示的背对背的齐纳二极管促使负载电路26上(例如,从公共节点24至基准节点18)电压的基频成分和谐振电感器30中的交流电流之间的相位角在灯点火期间达到零。
最好在节点24和32之间设置电容器44,以预先限定这些节点之间控制电压的变化率。这有助于保证例如在开关20和22的开关期间的空载时间间隔,其中,两个开关在各开关导通时间之间被关闭。
串联连接的电阻46和48与电阻50配合,用以启动门驱动电路38的反馈操作。在启动过程中,电容器33因电源14的激励通过电阻46、48和50进行充电。电容器33两端上的电压最初为零,在启动过程期间,电感器40提供低阻抗充电路径。由于电阻46、48和50的阻值相等,例如,在最初的总线激励时,节点24上的电压大约为总线电压14的1/3,在电阻46和48之间的节点32上的电压为总线电压14的1/3。以这种方式,如图示从右向左增加电容器33的充电,直至达到上边开关20的栅-源电压的阈值电压(例如,2-3伏)。在该点上,上边的开关开始导通,然后通过该开关供给的电流达到负载电路26。接着,在负载电路中产生的电流产生开关20和22的反馈控制。
一般来说,在镇流器电路10的稳定状态操作期间,用隔直流电容器34阻止直流电流流过电容器33。这可防止电容器33建立可使其中一个开关过早导通的偏置电压的直流成分。
不使用电阻50,而是将供选择的另一电阻(未示出)并联设置在开关20而不开关22上。产生的电路的操作与上述情况相同。但是,最初假设公共节点24的电位高于节点32,以致电容器33从图示的左边向右边充电。导致节点32和节点24之间越来越大的负电压,该电压首先使开关22导通。
在图1所示的电路中最好使用两个电阻46和48;但是,该电路实际上有除去电阻48和使用电阻50时的功能。启动可能较慢并且在较高的线路电压下。该电路实际上还有除去电阻46和使用上述使开关20旁路的供选择的另一电阻(未示出)时的功能。
按照要求保护的本发明的方案,双向电压箝位电路52以这样的方式耦接在电感器40的两端,以限定电感器上正负电压的漂移。该双向电压箝位电路最好使电感器旁路。其电压额定值应该充分大于用于在节点32和24之间进行转换的控制电压,以便在镇流器正常操作期间该双向电压箝位电路不导通。在各实施例中发现将其电压额定值设定为控制电压的两倍就足够了。
电压箝位电路52在启动期间和灯操作期间限定灯的电压。如果灯例如因其玻璃外壳破裂而失效,那么箝位电路52限定灯电压,使通常为陶瓷的谐振电容器28不过热和黑化镇流器外壳或引起使外壳被加热至冒烟的条件。有利的是,镇流器的输入部分很可能更快地击穿,例如由于开关20和22变得过热和被短路。因此,镇流器不再将电源提供给灯,灯和镇流器的组件失效,但例如在谐振电容器中不会出现有害的过热。
镇流器的设计公差可以放宽,以降低部件成本。例如,由于在谐振电容器上几乎没有应力,所以可以使用其额定值更低的电容器。由于镇流器的峰值电流被降低,所以可以降低开关的电流额定值。同样,谐振电感器也可以按较低的峰值电流设计。
有利的是,由于包括实现箝位电路42的齐纳二极管引起的镇流器电路成本的增加一般可忽略不计。正如本领域的普通技术人员所熟悉的那样,箝位电路42也可以用其它方式来实现。
图2表示灯电压作为操作频率的函数如何变化的图。在没有箝位电路52的情况下,输出电压可以位于频率点56。在有箝位电路52的情况下,由于使电感器40旁路,箝位电路42使电容器44更迅速地充电和放电,所以增加了操作频率。这使输出电压被限制在频率点58的电压上。
在荧光灯12的额定功率为11瓦,电阻约为250欧姆,直流总线电压为300伏的情况下,图1所示电路的示例性元件值如下:
谐振电感器30....................................2.7毫亨
谐振电容器28....................................2.2纳法
电容器33..........................................33纳法
隔直流电容器34........................100纳法
电感器40....................................820微亨
电容器44....................................3.3纳法
电容器36....................................470皮法
各齐纳二极管42....................................10伏
各齐纳二极管52....................................24伏
各电阻46、48和50..............................560千欧
此外,开关20可以是由EI Segundo,California的国际整流器公司(International Rectifier Company)销售的IRFR310 n沟道增强型MOSFET;而开关22也是由国际整流器公司销售的IRFR9310 p沟道增强型MOSFET。
图3表示与图1相同的镇流器电路10a,但采用不同的门驱动电路38a。图1和图3之间相同的标号部分表示相同的部件,并将基本上省略对图3中这些部分的说明。
在图3中,反馈电感器62与谐振电感器30相互耦合,具有如负载电路26a中检测电流的有关点所示的极性。通过电感器40和电容器64,电感器62中的反馈信号耦合在节点32上。串联连接的电阻46和48与电阻50配合,用以启动门驱动电路38a的反馈操作。在该启动过程中,因电源14的激励通过电阻46、48和50对电容器64充电。电容器64上的电压最初为零,在启动过程期间,电感器40和62提供低阻抗充电路径。由于电阻46、48和50的阻值相等,例如,在最初的总线激励时,节点24上的电压大约为总线电压14的1/3,而节点32上的电压为总线电压14的1/3。以这种方式,电容器64如图示从左向右增加充电,直至达到上边开关20的栅-源电压的阈值电压(例如,2-3伏)。在该点上,上边的开关开始导通,然后通过该开关供给的电流到达负载电路26a。接着,在负载电路中产生的电流产生开关20和22的反馈控制。
将图1所示的上述有关镇流器10的电阻46、48和50的变更也用于图3所示的镇流器10a。
在荧光灯12的额定功率为28瓦,电阻约为580欧姆,直流总线电压为150伏的情况下,图3所示电路的示例性元件值如下:
谐振电感器30....................................600微亨
反馈电感器62....................................1.85微亨
电感器30和62之间的匝数比...........................18
谐振电容器28..............................4.7纳法
隔直流电容器34........................220纳法
电容器36....................................470微微法
电感器40....................................470微亨
电容器44....................................1.5纳法
各齐纳二极管42....................................10伏
各齐纳二极管52....................................24伏
各电阻46、48和50..............................270千欧
电容器64.......................................100纳法
开关20可以是由EI Segundo,California的国际整流公司(International Rectifier Company)销售的IRFR214 n沟道增强型MOSFET;而开关22也是由国际整流公司销售的IRFR9214 p沟道增强型MOSFET。
尽管已参照附图用特定的实施例描述了本发明,但对于本领域的技术人员来说,会有许多改进和变化。因此,应该指出,所附权利要求欲覆盖落入本发明精神和范围内的所有这些改进和变化。
Claims (10)
1.一种用于气体放电灯的镇流器电路,包括:
(a)直流-交流转换电路,耦合到谐振负载电路,用于感应负载电路中的交流电流,所述直流-交流转换电路包括:
(i)一对串联连接在直流电压时的总线导线和基准导线之间的开关,各开关的基准节点和控制节点之间的电压决定有关开关的导通状态;
(ii)所述开关的各基准节点在流过所述交流电流的公共节点上连接在一起,所述开关的各控制节点连接在一起;
(b)反馈控制所述一对开关的门驱动装置,所述装置包括:
(i)反馈电路,用以提供代表所述负载电路中电流的反馈信号;
(ii)包括电感器的耦合电路,用以将所述反馈信号耦合到所述控制节点上;和
(iii)连接在所述公共节点与所述控制节点之间的第一双向电压箝位电路;和
(c)耦接在所述电感器两端的第二双向电压箝位电路,以限定所述电感器上正负电压的漂移。
2.如权利要求1的镇流器电路,其中,所述第二双向电压箝位电路并联在所述电感器两端。
3.如权利要求1的镇流器电路,其中,所述反馈电路包括电容器,该电容器的一端以导通负载电流的方式耦接到所述公共节点上,另一端耦接到所述电感器上。
4.如权利要求1的镇流器电路,其中:
(a)所述谐振负载电路包括谐振电感器;和
(b)所述反馈电路包括反馈电感器,该反馈电感器与所述谐振电感器相互耦合,以便感应正比于所述交流负载电流的电压;所述反馈电感器耦接在所述公共节点与所述控制节点之间。
5.如权利要求1的镇流器电路,其中,所述电感器与所述第一双向电压箝位电路相配合和所述负载电路上电压的基频分量与所述交流负载电流之间的相位角在灯点火期间达到零。
6.如权利要求1的镇流器电路,其中,第二双向电压箝位电路包括按背对背方式连接在一起的一对齐纳二极管。
7.如权利要求6的镇流器电路,其中,所述第二双向电压箝位电路并联在所述电感器两端。
8.如权利要求6的镇流器电路,其中,所述反馈电路包括电容器,该电容器的一端按导通负载电流的方式耦接到所述公共节点上,另一端耦接到所述电感器上。
9.如权利要求6的镇流器电路,其中:
(a)所述谐振负载电路包括谐振电感器;和
(b)所述反馈电路包括与所述谐振电感器相互耦合的反馈电感器,以便感应正比于所述交流负载的电流的电压;所述反馈电感器耦接在所述公共节点和所述控制节点之间。
10.如权利要求6的镇流器电路,其中,所述电感器与所述第一双向电压箝位电路相配合和所述负载电路上电压的基频分量和所述交流负载电流之间的相位角在灯点火期间达到零。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/192,785 | 1998-11-16 | ||
US09/192,785 US6078143A (en) | 1998-11-16 | 1998-11-16 | Gas discharge lamp ballast with output voltage clamping circuit |
US09/192785 | 1998-11-16 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN1261762A CN1261762A (zh) | 2000-08-02 |
CN100386002C true CN100386002C (zh) | 2008-04-30 |
Family
ID=22711039
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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CNB991244591A Expired - Fee Related CN100386002C (zh) | 1998-11-16 | 1999-11-16 | 具有输出电压箝位电路的气体放电灯镇流器 |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6078143A (zh) |
EP (1) | EP1001662A3 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2000150183A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN100386002C (zh) |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JP2000150183A (ja) | 2000-05-30 |
CN1261762A (zh) | 2000-08-02 |
US6078143A (en) | 2000-06-20 |
EP1001662A3 (en) | 2001-12-19 |
EP1001662A2 (en) | 2000-05-17 |
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