CN100378477C - Photonic crystal fiber with electrical conductivity and its preparation method - Google Patents
Photonic crystal fiber with electrical conductivity and its preparation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN100378477C CN100378477C CNB2005100195161A CN200510019516A CN100378477C CN 100378477 C CN100378477 C CN 100378477C CN B2005100195161 A CNB2005100195161 A CN B2005100195161A CN 200510019516 A CN200510019516 A CN 200510019516A CN 100378477 C CN100378477 C CN 100378477C
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
- C03B37/01—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments
- C03B37/012—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments
- C03B37/01205—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments starting from tubes, rods, fibres or filaments
- C03B37/01211—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments starting from tubes, rods, fibres or filaments by inserting one or more rods or tubes into a tube
- C03B37/0122—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments starting from tubes, rods, fibres or filaments by inserting one or more rods or tubes into a tube for making preforms of photonic crystal, microstructured or holey optical fibres
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
- C03B37/01—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments
- C03B37/02—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments by drawing or extruding, e.g. direct drawing of molten glass from nozzles; Cooling fins therefor
- C03B37/025—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments by drawing or extruding, e.g. direct drawing of molten glass from nozzles; Cooling fins therefor from reheated softened tubes, rods, fibres or filaments, e.g. drawing fibres from preforms
- C03B37/026—Drawing fibres reinforced with a metal wire or with other non-glass material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
- C03B37/01—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments
- C03B37/02—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments by drawing or extruding, e.g. direct drawing of molten glass from nozzles; Cooling fins therefor
- C03B37/025—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments by drawing or extruding, e.g. direct drawing of molten glass from nozzles; Cooling fins therefor from reheated softened tubes, rods, fibres or filaments, e.g. drawing fibres from preforms
- C03B37/027—Fibres composed of different sorts of glass, e.g. glass optical fibres
- C03B37/02781—Hollow fibres, e.g. holey fibres
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B2203/00—Fibre product details, e.g. structure, shape
- C03B2203/10—Internal structure or shape details
- C03B2203/14—Non-solid, i.e. hollow products, e.g. hollow clad or with core-clad interface
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B2203/00—Fibre product details, e.g. structure, shape
- C03B2203/42—Photonic crystal fibres, e.g. fibres using the photonic bandgap PBG effect, microstructured or holey optical fibres
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Optical Fibers, Optical Fiber Cores, And Optical Fiber Bundles (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a photon crystal optical fiber and a preparation method thereof. The photon crystal optical fiber has conductive performance, and is successively provided with an optical fiber core layer (3), capillaries (4) which are provided with at least three layers, and a quartz cladding (1), wherein the outer circumference of each capillary (4) at the most outer layer is distributed with two conductive poles (2) according to point symmetry. The preparation method of the optical fiber uses conductive materials to replace the two conductive poles (2) which are formed by the method of the point symmetry at the most outer layer of a prefabricated member of the photon crystal optical fiber. Then, the conductive materials are wiredrawn. The present invention has the advantages of easy manufacture and good transmission performance, and is favourable for aligning and reducing fusion joint loose consumption when the photon crystal optical fiber is tested or the engineering application field requires photon crystal optical fiber succession.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the optical communication material, particularly novel optical transmission medium and be applied to a kind of photonic crystal fiber of laser field and preparation method thereof with electric conductivity.
Background technology
Photonic crystal fiber is invention important over past ten years, and expection will replace the conventional single-mode fiber in the optical fiber communication.According to definition, photonic crystal is a kind of optical material with periodically-varied refractive index, and its cycle is suitable with light wavelength.According to the definition of photonic crystal, can be divided into total internal reflection principle photonic crystal fiber (TIR-PCF) and photonic band gap effects principle photonic crystal fiber (PBG-PCF) two classes, the characteristic of this novel optical fiber comprises:
1. its leaded light mechanism and conventional fiber are had any different:
Conventional fiber leaded light mechanism is according to the total internal reflection principle on the physics; The leaded light mechanism of photonic crystal fiber then has two kinds.A kind of total internal reflection principle of still following, light incides in the photonic crystal fiber, because fibre core is the solid glass of high index of refraction, surrounds the airport that is symmetrically distributed according to rule on every side, the refractive index ratio glass of these airports low.Therefore, by the refractive index of the refractive index of glass and air by volume the effective refractive index of the covering of average generation also the effective refractive index than glass core is low.Like this, just form the core/cladding structure that is equivalent to ordinary optic fibre, can utilize the total internal reflection effect of equivalent core/cladding structure to make the light conduction.Another is according to photonic band gap effects principle leaded light, and photon band gap is exactly that photonic crystal forbids that the light of some frequency or wavelength is in the plural direction transmission of optical fiber.Therefore, by specific three-dimensional structure design, can allow light pass light, i.e. photonic band gap effects principle leaded light along the length direction of optical fiber.
2. has ultralow expection decay.
The decay of conventional fiber mainly absorbs and waveguide imperfection loss, Rayleigh scattering loss etc. from intrinsic absorption, the foreign ion of material.The intrinsic of airport design can the minimizing material of photonic crystal fiber absorbs, simultaneously because therefore the Rayleigh scattering that does not have doping to cause can expect that photonic crystal fiber may be also lower than the Reduction Level of conventional fiber.
3. have undying unimodular property:
The transmission window that this means this novel optical fiber can be all optical wavelength in theory.
4. have special dispersion characteristics:
Can realize the chromatic dispersion born by design, therefore, this novel optical fiber is the most appropriate transmission medium of optical soliton communication.
Because photonic crystal fiber has above-mentioned many premium properties, therefore attracted numerous researchers' research enthusiasm, their achievement in research has promoted the development of photonic crystal fiber research.
For example: CN1333470 " optical device of photonic crystal manufacture method and use photonic crystal " has described by optical fiber processing and just can realize the method that photonic crystal fiber is made.CN 1331808 " photonic crystal fiber " has described the method for making doping emulsion photonic crystal fiber.CN 1341219 " improve and relate to photonic crystal fiber " has described a kind of manufacturing with the photonic crystal fiber in a plurality of vertical holes.CN 1353824 " photonic crystal fiber and manufacture method thereof " has described a kind of method of making the photon band gap photonic crystal fiber, and has introduced its application.CN 1375712 " double-cladding-layer photon optical fiber " has introduced the photonic crystal fiber manufacture method that is applied to the optical fiber amplification sector.CN 1382265 " ring photoni crystal fibers " has introduced a kind of by the refractive index design of going in ring, middle refractive index height, the photonic crystal fiber that the belt waveguiding structure that the outside refractive index is low forms.CN 1564035 " mixing the rare earth photonic crystal fiber " has introduced a kind of manufacture method of rare earth doped photonic crystal fiber.Britain bath university has reported the method for attachment that a kind of photonic crystal fiber and conventional single-mode fiber exempt to continue, in this method photonic crystal fiber made 125 microns photonic crystal fiber with one " enlarged head ", single-mode fiber inserts in its center pit, like this can be in order to avoid continue.
The research document of above-mentioned photonic crystal fiber has been described the structure of photonic crystal fiber, aspects such as transmission performance and manufacture method basically.But, need carry out photonic crystal fiber when continuing in test light photonic crystal fiber or engineering application, also there are some difficult problems.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters to be solved by this invention is: a kind of photonic crystal fiber with electric conductivity and preparation method thereof is provided, and this optical fiber has good transmission performance and the performance that continues, and uses photonic crystal fiber for engineering a kind of new approaches are provided.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is as follows:
Photonic crystal fiber with electric conductivity provided by the invention, its structure is: from inside to outside, be provided with fiber core layer successively, be arranged in three layers kapillary, quartzy covering at least.On the outermost excircle of capillary array, by center two conductive electrode that have been symmetrically distributed.
The present invention makes the photonic crystal fiber with electric conductivity as follows, and its step comprises:
A. design the basic structure of photonic crystal according to grating constant Λ=12 μ m and micro-pore diameter d=9 μ m:
Adopt a quartz glass solid bar, around the kapillary of at least three layers quartz glass, constitute the basic structure of photonic crystral optical fiber preform around it,
B. adopt electro-conductive glass, the method based on two unit of symmetry, center in the alternative photonic crystral optical fiber preform in the outermost excircle of arrangement capillaceous of quartz glass forms conductive electrode,
C. above-mentioned quartz glass solid bar, kapillary are fixed,
D. overlap quartz glass tube again and form prefabricated rods,
E. adopt the pack fiber elongation method at last, obtain having the photonic crystal fiber of electric conductivity.
If macromolecular materials such as employing polymethylmethacrylate are made photonic crystal fiber, its manufacturing step comprises:
A. design the basic structure of photonic crystal according to grating constant Λ=12 μ m and micro-pore diameter d=9 μ m:
Adopt a polymethylmethacrylate solid bar, carry out perforation processing, constitute the basic structure of photonic crystral optical fiber preform by the photon crystal structure that designs.
B. adopt conductive material, substitute the method formation conductive electrode in the outermost layer in the photon crystal optical fiber preformed rod based on two unit of point symmetry.
C. last wire drawing obtains having the photonic crystal fiber of electric conductivity.
Photonic crystal fiber with electric conductivity provided by the invention, it is good to have easy manufacturing and transmission performance, need carry out photonic crystal fiber when continuing in test light photonic crystal fiber or engineering application, is beneficial to the advantage of aiming at and reducing splice loss, splice attenuation.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing is the photonic crystals optical fiber structure synoptic diagram that has conductive electrode.
Embodiment
The present invention is a kind of photonic crystal fiber with electric conductivity, adopt pack fiber elongation method (stack-and-drawing), many capillaries are arranged in certain lattice structure in advance, on diametric(al), adopt the semiconducting glass rod of two identical physical dimensions to replace two capillaries, or a big polymethylmethacrylate punched by certain dot matrix pore structure, adopt two holes in conducting polymer and the conductive liquid filling polymethylmethacrylate dot matrix pore structure, it is solidified into the microstructured optical fibers prefabricated component, then on wire-drawing equipment with the disposable microstructured optical fibers that directly is drawn into of microstructured optical fibers prefabricated component, perhaps be drawn into the microstructure intermediate of certain size, and then the adjustment of process sleeve pipe is drawn into the microstructured optical fibers of various different sizes.
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing.
One. have the photonic crystal fiber of electric conductivity
Its structure is as shown in the figure: from inside to outside, be provided with fiber core layer 3 successively, be arranged in three layers kapillary 4, quartz glass covering 1 at least.Identical structure can adopt macromolecular materials such as polymethylmethacrylate to make, and at this moment can adopt large-sized macromolecule rod, and punching by identical dot matrix pore structure forms.On the excircle of outermost layer kapillary 4, be distributed with two conductive electrode 2 by point symmetry.
Above-mentioned two conductive electrode 2 can be made by electro-conductive glass, perhaps adopt the conducting polymer rod to make, and perhaps adopt conducting liquids such as polythiophene class to make.Electro-conductive glass is an oxide semiconductor glass, or the chalcogenide compound semiconducting glass.Conducting polymer composite is a polyacetylene class conducting polymer composite.
Two. preparation has the photonic crystal fiber of electric conductivity
1. its step comprises:
A. the basic structure that designs photonic crystal fiber according to the grating constant and the micropore size of photonic crystal fiber:
Adopt a solid bar, around it,, constitute photonic crystal fiber around at least three layers kapillary 4.Grating constant Λ=12 μ m, micro-pore diameter d=9 μ m; Perhaps, they also can be decided according to actual needs.
B. adopt conducting glass material, the method based on two unit of point symmetry in the instead of optical photonic crystal fiber in the outermost layer forms conductive electrode 2.
C. above-mentioned parts are fixed.
D. sleeve pipe forms prefabricated rods again.
E. adopt the pack fiber elongation method at last, obtain having the photonic crystal fiber of electric conductivity.
The above-mentioned conducting glass material that is used for two conductive electrode 2 adopts oxide semiconductor glass, or the chalcogenide compound semiconducting glass.Two conductive electrode 2 also can be by adopting vacuum method filled conductive liquid such as polythiophene class Polymer Solution to form on the hole of two kapillaries 4 on the point-symmetric excircle.
When adopting polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) or other macromolecular material manufacturing to have the photonic crystal fiber of electric conductivity, can adopt the method for punching, on large-sized macromolecule rod, form the fibre-optical preform of certain dot matrix pore structure, like this, two conducting polymer rods that 2 of conductive electrode can adopt to be made by the polyacetylene class.
2. manufacturing capillaceous:
Glass tube by certain wall thickness/internal diameter ratio hangs the chieftain at a certain temperature earlier, draws glass fiber then by wire drawing tube, regulates wire-drawing temperature then and controls diameter capillaceous with receipts silk speed.What obtain like this is the kapillary of certain wall thickness/internal diameter ratio.
3. the design of photonic crystal fiber:
The design of TIR-PCF has two parameters, is respectively: grating constant (Λ) and micro-pore diameter (d); Can determine air filling mark by these two parameters; Adopt the theoretical calculation method pre-authentication then.Calculate differently with the electron energy band, do not interact between the photon, separating the photonic band gap that the Maxwell equation obtains almost is entirely accurate.Adopt two two capillaries on the electro-conductive glass rod replacement diametric(al), adopt plane wave expansion method to calculate the band structure of photonic crystal fiber, determine the optical fiber parameter of photonic crystal fiber, as single mode condition, chromatic dispersion, mode field diameter, effective refractive index or the like.Therefore, when making this photonic crystal fiber, at first design the grating constant (Λ) and the micro-pore diameter (d) of photonic crystal fiber, determine band structure.It is outermost based on centrosymmetric two unit to adopt two conductive electrode to replace photonic crystal fiber then.After the replacement, adopt computing method to carry out verification.This electro-conductive glass requires should be near the kapillary glass refraction on refractive index, softening point can be bigger 30 ~ 80 ℃ than kapillary glass softening point, in drawing process, will the phenomenon that kapillary subsides can not occur like this, guarantee the geometry and the bandgap structure of photonic crystal fiber.In addition, the conductivity requirement to electro-conductive glass is can adopt the 24V dc power signal to detect in certain length (for example 10 first power/quadratic power kilometer) span.
3. the manufacturing that has the photonic crystal fiber of electric conductivity:
Manufacture method one.
To calculate good parameter input computing machine, Automatic Program is calculated radical capillaceous and wall thickness/internal diameter requirement, then an end is burnt in fact, and this capillary mat is put into sleeve pipe, connects gas pressure regulator.Adopt the method identical to make photonic crystal fiber, but need control kapillary pressure inside, in order to avoid inner kapillary subsides under surface tension effects with the plucking tubule.Before receiving silk, carry out twice coating, the diameter of coating is reached about 250 microns, formed photonic crystal fiber like this with electric conductivity.
Manufacture method two.
After the photonic crystal fiber manufacturing is intact, on two pores on the point-symmetric excircle, adopt vacuum method filled conductive liquid to form conductive electrode, at last two stomidiums are conducted electricity encapsulation, formed photonic crystal fiber like this with electric conductivity.
Manufacture method three.
Make in the process of high-molecular optical photonic crystal fiber, polyester bar punchings such as employing PMMA become prefabricated rods with the conducting polymer clavate, obtain having the photonic crystal fiber of electric conductivity again through drawing process.
4. the welding that has the photonic crystal fiber of electric conductivity:
Photonic crystal fiber is peeled off through coat, remaining 125 micron fiber parts.The terminal of two dish photonic crystal fibers is placed on respectively on two anchor clamps of heat sealing machine; The parameter of heat sealing machine is set to manual mode.Two the inners of two dish photonic crystal fibers are connected on the loop of band row direct supply by electrode.See earlier whether fiber end face is straight, x and y direction collimation are adjusted in the back; Draw close then, at this moment the end face of two optical fiber contacts on the z direction.Judge whether conducting by the reometer that is serially connected on the loop, and then the micropore of judging optical fiber complete matching whether.At last, the welding of photonic crystal fiber is finished in manual discharge.Manually discharge can repeatedly to reduce splice loss, splice attenuation, still, the attention parameters setting, can not cause subsiding of micropore in fusion process, can increase splice loss, splice attenuation on the contrary like this.
Three. instantiation
Example one.
Adopt the kapillary of 34 Φ 370mm*35mm specifications, the solid bar of a Φ 150mm of center folder, the electro-conductive glass rod of two Φ 370mm is put in the location on outermost circle diameter direction.After the stationkeeping, adopt the low-melting glass silk to fix, sleeve pipe forms photon crystal structure then.
Prefabricated rods after finishing is carried out wire drawing on the power of 4KW, the control diameter is 125 microns, applies in the glass outside then, and the fibre diameter after the coating reaches 245～250 microns.
Carry out the welding experiment with this optical fiber, peel off the coat of optical fiber one end earlier, then optical fiber is installed on the clip of heat sealing machine; An other end of optical fiber is connected DC electrode.Heat sealing machine is set to manually aim at earlier, and is close then, observe the position of two photonic crystal fibers under camera lens, guarantee X, the error of Y both direction is less than 0.3 micron, the end plane angle error checks with amp gauge whether photonic crystal fiber is aimed at then less than 10 degree.If do not aim at, the reading of amp gauge will be 0, so rotate the optical fiber of a side, again carry out alignment function, reach maximal value up to the reometer reading, X, the error of Y both direction is less than 0.3 micron, and the end plane angle error is less than 10 degree, discharge, welding then.
Example two.
Adopt the modified PMMA rod of 1 Φ 450mm specification, process according to the micropore of design on this root prefabricated rods, two polyacetylene conducting polymer rods that cooperate micro-pore diameter are put in the micropore inside on outermost circle diameter direction.After the stationkeeping, adopt the thermal weld mode to make photonic crystal crystal prefabricated rods, and then wire drawing, photon crystal structure formed.The control diameter reaches requirement.
Carry out the welding experiment with this optical fiber, earlier optical fiber is installed on the clip of heat sealing machine; An other end of optical fiber is connected DC electrode.Heat sealing machine is set to manually aim at earlier, and is close then, observe the position of two photonic crystal fibers under camera lens, guarantee X, the error of Y both direction is less than 0.3 micron, the end plane angle error checks with amp gauge whether photonic crystal fiber is aimed at then less than 10 degree.If do not aim at, the reading of amp gauge will be 0, so rotate the optical fiber of a side, again carry out alignment function, reach maximal value up to the reometer reading, X, the error of Y both direction is less than 0.3 micron, and the end plane angle error is less than 10 degree, discharge, welding then.
Claims (9)
1. photonic crystal fiber, from inside to outside, be provided with fiber core layer (3) successively, be arranged in three layers kapillary (4), quartzy covering (1) at least, it is characterized in that: arrange on the outermost excircle at kapillary (4), by center two conductive electrode (2) that have been symmetrically distributed, thereby constitute photonic crystal fiber with electric conductivity.
2. photonic crystal fiber according to claim 1 is characterized in that: two conductive electrode (2) are made through encapsulation by electro-conductive glass, conducting polymer composite or conducting liquid.
3. photonic crystal fiber according to claim 2 is characterized in that the electro-conductive glass that adopts is an oxide semiconductor glass, or the chalcogenide compound semiconducting glass.
4. photonic crystal fiber according to claim 2 is characterized in that the conducting polymer composite that adopts is a polyacetylene class material.
5. photonic crystal fiber according to claim 2 is characterized in that conducting liquid adopts the polythiophene class Polymer Solution.
6. a method for preparing claim 1 or 2 or 3 described photonic crystal fibers is characterized in that making as follows the photonic crystal fiber with electric conductivity, and its step comprises:
A. design the basic structure of photonic crystal according to character constant Λ=12 μ m and micro-pore diameter d=9 μ m:
Adopt a quartz glass solid bar, around the kapillary (4) of at least three layers quartz glass, constitute the basic structure of photonic crystral optical fiber preform around it,
B. adopt electro-conductive glass, the method based on two unit of symmetry, center in the alternative photonic crystral optical fiber preform in the outermost excircle of arrangement of the kapillary (4) of quartz glass forms conductive electrode (2),
C. above-mentioned quartz glass solid bar, kapillary (4) are fixed,
D. overlap quartz glass tube again and form prefabricated rods,
E. adopt the pack fiber elongation method at last, obtain having the photonic crystal fiber of electric conductivity.
7. the method for preparing photonic crystal fiber according to claim 6 is characterized in that: two conductive electrode (2) are by forming by encapsulating based on employing vacuum method filled conductive liquid in two holes on the centrosymmetric excircle again.
8. a method for preparing claim 1 or 2 or 4 described photonic crystal fibers is characterized in that making as follows the photonic crystal fiber with electric conductivity, and its step comprises:
A. design the basic structure of photonic crystal according to grating constant Λ=12 μ m and micro-pore diameter d=9 μ m:
Adopt a polymethylmethacrylate solid bar, carry out perforation processing, constitute the basic structure of photonic crystral optical fiber preform by the photon crystal structure that designs,
B. adopt conducting polymer composite, the method based on two unit of symmetry, center in the alternative photonic crystral optical fiber preform in the outermost excircle of arrangement of kapillary (4) forms conductive electrode (2),
C. last wire drawing obtains having the photonic crystal fiber of electric conductivity.
9. the method for preparing photonic crystal fiber according to claim 8 is characterized in that: do not need to adopt step b, two conductive electrode (2) are directly by forming based on adopting vacuum method filled conductive liquid to encapsulate in two holes on the centrosymmetric excircle again.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TWI461768B (en) * | 2012-11-01 | 2014-11-21 | Univ Nat Sun Yat Sen | A method for manufacturing an optical fiber and the optical fiber thereof |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102411167B (en) * | 2010-09-26 | 2013-05-08 | 清华大学 | Photonic crystal fiber (PCF) |
| CN109298481B (en) * | 2018-10-09 | 2019-09-10 | 东北大学 | The metallic silver filling photonic crystal fiber and its preparation method of spontaneous generation SPR effect |
| CN109596206B (en) * | 2019-01-25 | 2021-01-15 | 武汉理工大学 | Vibration sensor based on liquid filled photonic crystal fiber |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1331808A (en) * | 1998-12-21 | 2002-01-16 | 康宁股份有限公司 | Photonic crystal fiber |
| CN1382265A (en) * | 1999-10-26 | 2002-11-27 | 康宁股份有限公司 | Ring photoni crystal fibers |
| WO2004038166A1 (en) * | 2002-10-21 | 2004-05-06 | Fmc Technologies, Inc. | Keel guide system |
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2005
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1331808A (en) * | 1998-12-21 | 2002-01-16 | 康宁股份有限公司 | Photonic crystal fiber |
| CN1382265A (en) * | 1999-10-26 | 2002-11-27 | 康宁股份有限公司 | Ring photoni crystal fibers |
| WO2004038166A1 (en) * | 2002-10-21 | 2004-05-06 | Fmc Technologies, Inc. | Keel guide system |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
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| 导电高分子聚噻吩衍生物的研究进展. 亢孟强，刘俊峰，郭志新.化工新型材料，第32卷第6期. 2004 * |
| 硫氧化物玻璃锂离子导体的制备及其性质. 房长明，高海春，火焱，蔡增良.硅酸盐学报，第20卷第1期. 1992 * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TWI461768B (en) * | 2012-11-01 | 2014-11-21 | Univ Nat Sun Yat Sen | A method for manufacturing an optical fiber and the optical fiber thereof |
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