CN100374685C - Cutting tools with two-slope profile - Google Patents
Cutting tools with two-slope profile Download PDFInfo
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- CN100374685C CN100374685C CNB038163136A CN03816313A CN100374685C CN 100374685 C CN100374685 C CN 100374685C CN B038163136 A CNB038163136 A CN B038163136A CN 03816313 A CN03816313 A CN 03816313A CN 100374685 C CN100374685 C CN 100374685C
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- ring surface
- tessera
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- periphery
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- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 claims description 56
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 55
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052984 zinc sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 230000003292 diminished effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 63
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 27
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000006061 abrasive grain Substances 0.000 description 9
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 4
- UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten carbide Chemical compound [W+]#[C-] UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 3
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010438 granite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000446313 Lamella Species 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003082 abrasive agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- ORILYTVJVMAKLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N adamantane Chemical compound C1C(C2)CC3CC1CC2C3 ORILYTVJVMAKLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001573 adamantine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007767 bonding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000238 buergerite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012809 cooling fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032798 delamination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007792 gaseous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009863 impact test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003116 impacting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- VSZWPYCFIRKVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N selanylidenegallium;selenium Chemical compound [Se].[Se]=[Ga].[Se]=[Ga] VSZWPYCFIRKVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 tungsten carbides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
- E21B10/46—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts
- E21B10/56—Button-type inserts
- E21B10/567—Button-type inserts with preformed cutting elements mounted on a distinct support, e.g. polycrystalline inserts
- E21B10/573—Button-type inserts with preformed cutting elements mounted on a distinct support, e.g. polycrystalline inserts characterised by support details, e.g. the substrate construction or the interface between the substrate and the cutting element
- E21B10/5735—Interface between the substrate and the cutting element
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
Abstract
An abrasive tool insert with diminished residual stresses. In one embodiment, the tool insert is formed from a substrate (312) having an inner face (316) that has a center (318), and annular face which annular face (320) has a periphery (322), with the inner face slopes outwardly and downwardly from the center. In another embodiment, the tool insert is form from a substrate (10) with a support face with an inner support face/table (12), and outer shoulder with a width (14), and a downwardly sloping interface (16) from the support table to the shoulder, which interface has a slope angle. A continuous abrasive layer (8), having a center having a height, a diameter, a periphery having a height, which abrasive layer being in contact with the inner face of the substrate and which periphery forms a cutting edge.
Description
Related application: the application requires the U.S. Provisional Application sequence number No.60/395 that submitted on July 10th, 2002, the U.S. Provisional Application sequence number No.60/395 that on July 10th, 181 and 2002 submitted, 182 priority.
Technical field
The present invention relates to milling tool tessera (tool inserts) field.
Background technology
Grind composite sheet (abrasive compacts) be widely used in cutting, mill, grind, bore and other grinding operations in.Abrasive grains composite sheet (abrasive particle compacts) is the polycrystal of abrasive grains, described particle such as diamond and/or cubic boron nitride (CBN), and combining togather forms polycrystal a kind of integral body, rigidity, high-intensity.These components can be by means of being arranged on joint (bonding) medium between the particle or by means of their combination (combinations), the relation that self combines with particle and particle combines togather.The abrasive grains content height of described grinding composite sheet, and exist a large amount of particles to combine with the direct of particle.Under the condition of increasing temperature and pressure or HTHP (HT/HP), can make the grinding composite sheet, with this understanding, described particle, diamond or CBN, the particle crystallization-stable.For example referring to U.S. Patent No. 3,136,615, No.3,141,746, and No.3,233,988.
The abrasive grains composite sheet that supports is called compound (composite) composite sheet (compact) here, is a kind of abrasive grains composite sheet, it and base material, and the tungsten carbide as sintering combines.
The grinding composite sheet is frangible, and in use, they are usually by being supported on the carbide substrate that is combined in sintering.The grinding composite sheet of this support is known as compound grinding composite sheet in the prior art.For example, in U.S. Patent No. 3,743, in 489, No.3,745,623 and No.3,767,371, the composite sheet of this pattern is described.Can when forming described abrasive grains composite sheet, perhaps after forming the abrasive grains composite sheet, carry out with combining of supporter.Compound grinding composite sheet can be used as the machined surface in the milling tool for example.
Compound composite sheet (composite compact) has been found the specialized application as the cutting element in the drill bit.At rock drilling, the machine of anti-abrasive material, and other requirements have the drill bit that uses in the operation of very high anti-abrasiveness or mar proof, generally are made of a plurality of glomerocryst grinding cutting elements that are fixed on the clamper (holder).U.S. Patent No. 4,109,737 have described a kind of drill bit with tungsten carbide screw rod (stud) (substrate), and described substrate has composite polycrystal-diamond on the external surface of cutting element.Then, usually a plurality of this cutting elements are installed in the dimple at drill bit top, such as rotary drilling-head by interference fit.These drill bits generally have when drilling operation to boring the device that interface between top and the drilled material provides cooling water or cooling fluid.Generally say, cutting element comprises an elongated metal carbides bar (pin) (screw rod), described bar can be to have the abrasive grains composite sheet (for example, polycrystalline diamond) clinkering or sintered-carbide (as tungsten carbide) are to form compound composite sheet at the one end.
The making of compound composite sheet is finished by the container of cemented carbide substrate being put into press typically.The mixture of diamond particles or diamond particles and catalysis bonding agent is placed on the top of substrate, and suppresses in the HT/HP condition.The compound composite sheet of Xing Chenging can run into many weak points in the above described manner.For example, sintered-carbide and adamantine coefficient of thermal expansion and elastic constants are close, but incomplete same.Therefore, when composite polycrystal-diamond (PDC) heating or cooling, can produce thermic stress at the interface between diamond layer and cemented carbide substrate, for example, the size of this stress depends on the difference of coefficient of thermal expansion and elastic constants.
Another the potential weak point that must consider is the internal stress about producing in the diamond layer, and this internal stress can cause diamond layer to break.This stress also is that the existence owing to cemented carbide substrate produces, and according to the size of cemented carbide substrate and polycrystalline diamond layer, geometry, and physical property distributes.In some applications, described cutter is destroyed by slabbing can, and this is to be caused by the axial residual stresses of the thermic on the external diameter of super grinding layer.These stress have reduced the validity of instrument, and have limited their spendable applications.
Proposed various PDC structures, wherein the interface of diamond/carbon thing comprises many on-plane surface features, for example, and ridge, groove or other depressions, or the like, its purpose is to increase mechanical bond and reduces machinery and/or thermal stress.U.S. Patent No. 4,784,023 discloses a kind of PDC with interface of many variation grooves and ridge, and the top and bottom of described groove and ridge is parallel with the composite sheet surface basically, and the side of described groove and ridge is basically perpendicular to the composite sheet surface.U.S. Patent No. 5,351,772 have proposed to contain the various INTERFACE DESIGN of radial projection band in substrate.U.S. Patent No. 4,972,637 have proposed a kind of PDC, its interface contains the Discrete intervals groove that oriented sintered-carbide layer extends, described groove contains grinding-material (for example diamond), and is arranged in a series of row, and each groove and adjacent its nearest groove of row neutralization stagger.U.S. Patent No. 5,007,207 have proposed a kind of interchangeable PDC structure, and described PDC structure has many grooves in carbide lamella, and each groove is filled diamond, and these grooves form the pattern of a kind of helical form or concentric circles.
U.S. Patent No. 5,605,199 have proposed a kind of profile that contains the surrounding zone, by the inner surface that tilts around an inner region.U.S. Patent No. 6,315,652 have proposed a kind of milling tool tessera (abrasive tool insert), have by mind-set periphery therefrom to extend to form the interface that the saw tooth pattern of concentric ring forms.U.S. Patent No. 5,484,330 have proposed a kind of saw-tooth shaped cross section profile, and U.S. Patent No. 5,494,777 has proposed a kind of outward-dipping profile in INTERFACE DESIGN.U.S. Patent No. 5,743,346 have proposed a kind of interface with the outer inclined-plane at 5 °～85 ° of angles of inner surface and relative vertical line formation, and wherein inner surface is not described outer inclined-plane.U.S. Patent No. 5,486,137 have also proposed a kind of instrument tessera with outside downward-sloping interface surface.U.S. Patent No. 5,494,477 have proposed a kind of instrument tessera with outside downward-sloping interface.U.S. Patent No. 5,971,087 has also proposed the profile of various pair of tilted interface and three tilted interfaces.
Still exist in the art fracture in the diamond layer of cutting element and the broken minimized demand of sensitiveness, described fracture and broken segment are caused by residual internal stress.Therefore, the utmost point need provide a kind of higher anti-diamond broken fracture energy of having, and reduced axially, radially with the composite polycrystal-diamond of circumference stress.The present invention who submits is at this cutting tool.
Summary of the invention
On the one hand, the present invention relates to the milling tool tessera that formed by the substrate with inner face and ring surface, described inner face has the center, and described ring surface has periphery.Described inner face is to become the angle of scope between about 5 ° and 30 ° outside, downward-sloping from described center with level.Ring surface centers on inner face, and stops at the periphery place.Ring surface from described inner face to become the angle of scope between about 20 ° and 75 ° downward, outward-dipping with level.The continuously grinding layer has the center and forms the periphery of cutting edge, and is integrally formed in the substrate, is defined as interface (interface) between the two.
The invention still further relates to make and have the method for the milling tool tessera that has reduced residual stresses.Especially, the present invention relates to a kind of method that forms the milling tool tessera, this method originates in provides a kind of substrate with inner face and ring surface, and described inner face has the center, and described ring surface has periphery.Inner face from described center to become the angle of scope between about 5 ° and 30 ° outside, downward-sloping with level.Ring surface is round inner face, and stops at the periphery place.Ring surface from inner face to become the angle of scope between about 20 ° and 75 ° downward, outward-dipping with level.The continuously grinding layer has the center and forms the periphery of cutting edge, and is integrally formed in the substrate, is defined as the interface between the two.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is with the axial stress of the PCD instrument tessera of graphical method drafting and the functional relation of angle of slope and aspect ratio;
Fig. 2 is with the radial stresses of the PCD instrument tessera of graphical method drafting and the functional relation of angle of slope and aspect ratio;
Fig. 3 is with the stress of the PCD instrument tessera of graphical method drafting and the functional relation of the wide rate of shoulder (shoulder width fraction);
Fig. 4 is the front section view for the instrument tessera, the figure shows each ingredient of instrument tessera: substrate, described substrate have interior brace table, outer shoulder and the downward-sloping interface of between; And continuously grinding layer with center, diameter and periphery;
Fig. 5 is the top plan view of supporter of the instrument tessera of Fig. 4;
Fig. 6 is the phantom drawing of the supporter of Fig. 5;
Fig. 7 is the front section view of the instrument tessera similar with Fig. 4, except described supporter inclines the slope by the curveization slightly;
Fig. 8 is the top plan view of the supporter of Fig. 7;
Fig. 9 is the phantom drawing of the supporter of Fig. 8;
Figure 10 is the front section view of the instrument tessera similar with Fig. 4, except brace table in described is concentric groove;
Figure 11 is the top plan view of the supporter of Figure 10;
Figure 12 is the phantom drawing of the supporter of Figure 11;
Figure 13 is the front section view of the instrument tessera similar with Fig. 4, except interior brace table has the radial passage of outside formation;
Figure 14 is the top plan view of the supporter of Figure 13;
Figure 15 is the phantom drawing of the supporter of Figure 14;
Figure 16 is the front section view of the instrument tessera similar with Fig. 4, except brace table in described has the parallel series passage;
Figure 17 is the top plan view of the supporter of Figure 16;
Figure 18 is the phantom drawing of the supporter of Figure 17;
Figure 19 is the front section view of the instrument tessera similar with Fig. 4, except brace table in described has the passage of wafer pattern;
Figure 20 is the top plan view of the supporter of Figure 19;
Figure 21 is the phantom drawing of the supporter of Figure 20;
Figure 22 is the front section view of the instrument tessera similar with Fig. 4, except brace table in described is concave shape and has the radial passage of outside formation;
Figure 23 is the top plan view of the supporter of Figure 22;
Figure 24 is the phantom drawing of the supporter of Figure 21;
Figure 25 is the front section view of the instrument tessera similar with Fig. 4, except brace table in described has the radial rectangular ridge of downward formation;
Figure 26 is the top plan view of the supporter of Figure 25;
Figure 27 is the phantom drawing of the supporter of Figure 26;
Figure 28 is the front section view of the instrument tessera similar with Fig. 4, except described shoulder has the radial projection rectangular ridge of a series of formation;
Figure 29 is the top plan view of the supporter of Figure 28;
Figure 30 is the phantom drawing of the supporter of Figure 29;
Figure 31 be diclinic of the present invention interface structure the phantom drawing of an embodiment;
Figure 32 is the front section view of the substrate of Figure 31;
Figure 33 is at the cutting tool element that has as the profile of describing among Figure 32, demonstrates the relation of stress (MPa) with respect to the inner face angle with diagram.
The specific embodiment
The present invention is based on several relations about residual stresses in the cutting element tessera, and these relations perplex this area always.In one embodiment, the applicant has found the geometry of a kind of uniqueness of cutting tool, and wherein, the inside of cutting tool combines the profile of inclination.In another embodiment of the invention, the profile of described inclination combines a steeper inclined plane on the outer rim of described cutting tool, further reduced remained on surface stress.In another embodiment, find that the angle of slope, interface of diamond/substrate can exert an influence to total (overall) residual stresses in the cutting element tessera, this feature is not known in the prior art yet.In the 4th embodiment of the present invention, find that the thickness and the aspect ratio between the peripheral thickness of center diamond table can change total stress when interacting with the angle of slope.In a further embodiment, the thickness of discovery diamond table has influence to total residual stresses.
In one embodiment, by cemented carbide substrate being made common cylindric cutting element tessera or the cutting element made.The composition of cemented metal carbide substrate is conventional, can comprise any metal in IVB, VB or the group vib metal, under the condition of the adhesive that has cobalt, nickel or iron or its alloy, suppresses and sintering.Embodiment comprises the carbide of tungsten (W), niobium (Nb), zirconium (Zr), vanadium (V), tantalum (Ta), titanium (Ti), tungsten (Ti) and hafnium (Hf).In one embodiment, metal carbides are tungsten carbides.End face on the carbide substrate can utilize methods such as any suitable cutting, grinding, punching press or erosion to form.
Then, the super grinding-material of capacity is placed in the substrate to form grinding layer.In one embodiment, the upper strata is polycrystalline diamond (PCD).In another embodiment, last grinding layer contains at least a in the following material, that is, and and synthetic or natural diamond, cubic boron nitride (CBN), buergerite boron nitride, its combination and similar material.
In one embodiment, glomerocryst material layer (or diamond table layer) and matrix stand sufficient pressure and temperature, make to produce the intercrystalline combination in the glomerocryst material, and form solid glomerocryst material layer.In another embodiment, also can utilize chemical vapour deposition (CVD) in substrate, to deposit the glomerocryst material.This can finish by following process, that is, by utilizing the chemical gaseous phase technology of fluidized-bed process, use as tungsten, tantalum, niobium or molybdenum and the independent diamond crystal particle of similar item coating.Chemical vapour deposition technique is also widely known in this area, and this technology utilizes plasma to assist or heat the method for filament (filament).
The applicant has carried out three-dimensional finite element stress analysis (" FEA "), finds for normal diamond cutting tool, on the diamond table surface and near there being some high tensile stress districts at the interface.Especially, the axial tensile stress on the interface is the remarkable factor that produces slabbing (delamination), and the lip-deep high radial stresses of diamond table can cause the center split type to destroy.Therefore, for reducing and the effective time of impacting relevant destruction and improving the PCD cutting element, residual stresses is minimized.
In one embodiment of the invention, the cutting tool of being invented has long Acceptable life, and has reduced the radial and axial residual stresses of the thermic in the grinding layer.In another embodiment, the working life that the cutting tool invented proof has an impact property that has increased and prolonged.These and other advantages of the present invention will be clearly to those of skill in the art.
In one embodiment of the invention, by introducing outside inclination and the suitable aspect ratio between center diamond table thickness and peripheral thickness, axially, radially the maximum tensional stress with hoop can be greatly diminished.For a given angle of slope S
a, between PCD center thickness and PCD cutting edge (periphery) thickness, have an aspect ratio scope D who obtains the optimization of minimum diamond table surface stress
c: D
pIn Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, be described.
Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 show according to a FEA result of study, and promptly Zui Da surperficial axial stress and radial stresses depend on the situation of angle of slope and aspect ratio.Here do not provide circumference stress, because it is far smaller than axially and stress radially.As Fig. 1 and seen in Figure 2, the optimization range of minimum axial direction stress and radial stresses is very approaching.An aspect ratio greater than about 0.25 embodiment in, bigger angle of slope causes less stress usually.In another embodiment, optimum incline angle is between about 40 ° and about 50 °, because angle is bigger, causes processing difficulties.For a given angle of slope, there is one corresponding to making the minimized aspect ratio scope of residual tensile stress.
In another embodiment of the invention, a factor that influences the residual stresses in the cutting element is described diamond table diameter (D
d) described in the wide (S of shoulder
w) rate (fraction).As illustrated in fig. 3, residual stresses increases along with the increase of the wide rate of shoulder.Yet described shoulder is that the finishing of finishing behind the sintering (finishing) can provide better crystallized ability and flexible.In one embodiment, the wide rate scope of described shoulder is between about 0.02 and 0.05.
The optimization embodiment of the flat interface between substrate and polycrystalline diamond platform, described interface can change in many ways, to guarantee best bond strength and workability.This has made demonstration in above listed technology.For example, the interface, center can be slight concavity or convex, and some non-flat forms patterns can be combined with outward-dipping design.For cutting element,, residual stresses is minimized as long as optimize outward-dipping interface based on rule of the present invention.
In one embodiment of the invention, the cutting element tessera is the cylindric supporter between about 6mm and the 30mm based on diameter range.This also is the nominal diameter D that grinds the upper surface of composite sheet
dIn another embodiment, abrasive grains is at its peripheral height D
pIn the thickness scope serves as between about 3mm and the about 6mm.Utilize actual S
w: D
dThan about 0.1 to about 0.5, be transformed into the width S of shoulder
w, the width range that has is between about 0.003mm and the about 0.083mm.
In one embodiment, angle of slope S
aScope be about 40 ° to 50 °.When this angle of slope, D
c: D
pScope be between about 0.1 and 0.8.In second embodiment, D
c: D
pThe scope of ratio is between about 0.2 and 0.7.In the 3rd embodiment, D
c: D
pThe scope of ratio is between about 0.3 and 0.6.In the 4th embodiment, D
c: D
pThe scope of ratio is between about 0.4 and 0.5.
In the embodiment of the cutting element tessera of illustrated flat interface pattern, wherein the diameter of diamond table 8 is D in as Fig. 4-6
dThe peripheral thickness of diamond table is D
pThe center thickness of diamond table is D
cThe angle of slope is S
aAnd shoulder wide be S
wIllustrated cutting element tessera has substrate 10, this substrate 10 has supporting surface, and described supporting surface comprises 12, one outer shoulders 14 of an interior brace table, and the interface 16 of downward-sloping (from supporting bable tops 12), and between described brace table 12 and described shoulder 14, form angle of slope S
aIn this embodiment, brace table 12 and shoulder 14 all are (planar) of flat condition, and interface 16 is straight between brace table 12 and shoulder 14.Should be appreciated that also the interface between diamond table 8 and the supporter 10 is a mirror image.Work in-process, the interface of diamond table 8 is consistent with the interface of supporter 10.
In another embodiment illustrated as Fig. 7-9, the cutting element tessera has the tilted interface 18 of slight bending.As shown in FIG., the interface all is the slight bending shape at the joint with interior brace table 20 and shoulder 22.
In another embodiment as the illustrated cutting element of the present invention of Figure 10-12, the interior brace table 24 of cutting tool forms the locked groove shape from the center of brace table 24 to tilted interface 26.In this embodiment, locked groove is to provide better support and better combination for diamond table 28.As shown in, the cross section of these grooves also can comprise the structure that other are not shown.
In the 4th kind of embodiment at the interface of the cutting tool of the present invention shown in Figure 13-15, interior brace table 30 have a series of from its center to tilted interface 32 radial passage.The number of this passage can be less than or greater than the number that illustrates.In addition, the degree of depth of each passage with highly can change according to different passages.In another embodiment that does not illustrate, the cross section of these passages also needs not be rectangle, also can be made of other geometry.In this embodiment, the passage on the supporter 34 mainly is to be used for providing better combination to the diamond table 36 of its support and institute combination.Tilted interface and shoulder can be illustrated herein Any shape.
In five embodiment illustrated as Figure 16-18, described cutting element tessera is the same with above-mentioned each embodiment, with tessera shown in Figure 4 be similarly, except the interior brace table 38 of substrate 40 and diamond table 42 is containing on its whole a series of substantially parallel passages.The number of this passage can less than or greater than the number that illustrates.The degree of depth of each passage with highly can change according to different passages.The cross section of these passages also needs not be rectangle, also can be made of other geometry.Tilted interface and shoulder can be illustrated herein Any shape.
In the 6th embodiment of explanation, the interior brace table 44 of substrate 46 and diamond table 48 contains the channel array (as the pattern of wafer) of substantially parallel intersection on its whole in as Figure 19-21.The number of this passage can less than or greater than the number that illustrates, the degree of depth of each passage with can change according to different passages highly too.It should be noted that the cross section of these passages and need not be rectangle, also can constitute by other geometries.Tilted interface and shoulder can be the Any shape that illustrates herein.
In the 7th embodiment of explanation, the interior brace table 50 of substrate 52 and diamond table 54 is dome-shaped in as Figure 22-24, and contains and a series ofly 56 form radial passage from its center to tilted interface.The number of this passage can less than or greater than the number that illustrates, the degree of depth of each passage with can change according to different passages highly too.In a kind of version, the cross section of these passages is not circular, can be made of other geometries.And the shape of arch also can change.Tilted interface and shoulder can be the Any shape that illustrates herein.
In the 8th embodiment of the cutting tool of the present invention shown in Figure 25-27, scheme among this scheme and Fig. 4 is similar, a series ofly 64 forms the radial projection rectangular ridge from its center to tilted interface except the interior brace table 58 of substrate 60 and diamond table 62 contains.The number of this ridge can less than or greater than the number that illustrates, the width of each ridge with can change according to different ridges highly too.The cross section of these ridges also needs not be rectangle, also can be made of other geometry.Tilted interface and shoulder can be the Any shape that illustrates herein.
In the 9th embodiment of the cutting element tessera shown in Figure 28-30, tilted interface 72 in described between brace table 68 and the diamond table 70 is straight (with the same among Fig. 4), a series ofly 74 extends to form the radial ridge from supporting bable tops 66 to shoulder except it has.The number of this ridge can less than or greater than the number that illustrates, the width of each ridge with can change according to different ridges highly too.In fact, the cross section of these ridges also needs not be rectangle, also can be made of other geometry.
Shown in Figure 31 and 32, for a kind of embodiment of the present invention, the carbide supported body contains unique supporting surface of 2 grinding-materials, and each face all is provided with an angle (with respect to level), to form radial stresses and the axial stress of optimizing (minimizing).For this reason, form cutting tool 310 (referring to Figure 32) by lower support body 312 and top grinding layer 14.Supporter 312 has the inner face 316 (brace table) of central authorities, this central inner face 316 from the summit or center 318 outwards, extend downwards.Outer annular surface 320 is around face 316, and described outer annular surface is outside, the downward extension from the neighboring of face 316.Ring surface stops at outer rim scene-affinity (ledge) 322 places of ring surface 320.Being superimposed upon on the inner face 316 can be saw-tooth ring and groove, as U.S. Patent No. 6,315, described in 652.
The embodiment that the present invention reaches optimization (minimizing) radial stresses is to make outer annular surface 320 downward-sloping from level with the angle between about 20 ° and 75 °.In another embodiment, outer annular surface has a down dip with about 45 ° angle.In another embodiment, the method that reaches optimization (minimizing) axial stress is to make inner face 316 downward-sloping from level with the angle between about 5 ° and 30 °.In another embodiment, inner face 316 has a down dip with 7.5 ° angle.
The external surface shape of diamond (top grinding) layer 314 is not conclusive.In one embodiment, the surface topography of diamond layer can be to form hemispherical, planar shaped, cone-shaped, reduce or the shape of increased radius, chiseled or non-axisymmetric shape.Say that generally the various forms of tungsten carbide tesseras that use in the drilling industry all can be improved by adding diamond layer, and in according to one embodiment of the invention, can further improve by adding the ridge pattern.
In one embodiment of the invention, be positioned at the typical case and take place broken and the slabbing position has reduced residual stresses (axially, radially with hoop tensile stress) in grinding layer, cutting tool of the present invention proves has increased application life.In another embodiment, the instrument tessera of arbitrary dimension all can be realized reducing of residual stresses in fact.
In an embodiment of the diamond-substrate interface with optimization, residual tensile stress significantly reduces in the cutting element tessera, and axially tensile stress has reduced approximately 90%, and radially tensile stress has reduced approximately 60%, and circumference stress is compressed fully.
In another embodiment of instrument tessera, the supporter of described instrument tessera has the mediad more high dipping profile of profile and outside that has a down dip, compare with interface smooth, the plane, the axial residual stresses on described surface has reduced 83%, compare with the substrate with single angled perimeter, axially residual stresses has reduced 23%.The surface axially residual stresses reduce the working life that increased impact property and prolonged cutting element.
Embodiment
In an embodiment, the applicant comprises finite element analysis (FEA) by various tests and analysis, and the polycrystalline diamond cutting tool of cutting tool of the present invention and prior art is contrasted.
Embodiment 1
Use following prior art cutting tool, the cutting element with flat interface has the cutting element of single tilted interface and diameter 19mm, overall height 16mm and diamond table thickness 3mm.For cutting tool of the present invention, the cutting element of use has the outer annular surface with level angle at 45, and the inner face angle from and level change between into about 0 ° and 30 °.
Described cutting tool can utilize conventional high temp/high pressure commonly known in the art (HT/HP) technology to make.Open together in the technology that this technology is quoted in the above with other guide.
FEA can make radial stresses and axial stress minimize when analyzing and to be presented at about 7.5 ° simultaneously, the stress range expection of optimizing (minimizing) appear at level into about 5 ° to 30 °.Utilize the results are shown in Fig. 3 and the following table 1 of FEA modeling of ABACUS.
Table 1
| Stress (MPa) | (1) flat interface | (2) single tilted interface, 45 ° | (3) two tilted interfaces, 10 ° and 45 ° |
| Maximum surface is tensile stress axially | 595 | 132 | 102 |
| Maximum radial surface |
300 | 160 | 151 |
| Maximum surperficial hoop tensile stress | 88 | 0 | 0 |
In the Parkson milling machine impact resistance test (Parkson Mill Impact Resistance test) of the interruption cutting impact test that assessment is carried out on granite block with the fly cutter structural form, single the Shear tool tessera of cutting tool of the present invention and prior art compares.In described Parkson milling machine impact resistance test, measure the performance of cutting tool at chamfered portion, wherein the carbide inclined-plane (chamfer) that has of each part has diametrically greater than about 0.2mm, less than 1.0mm, or is 45 ° with respect to locating base.Cutting tool (0.010 " chamfered edge (chamfered edge)) sample is installed on the steel clamper, is radially 7 degree, axial 12 degree with respect to the anterior angle (rake angle) of workpiece.Described cutting tool rotates in the mode of being interrupted and cuts, with the cutting speed of 320rpm and 3 " feed velocity of (7.62mm/ minute) was cut the granite workpiece, and cutting depth is 0.150 " of per minute, and cross cutting distance 0.010 ".When diamond table lost efficacy, termination test and statistics were gone out number of times (entering rock).
Cutting tool of the present invention presents beyond thought impact resistance and improves, and going out number of times is 12600 times, and on the contrary, the cutting tool of prior art is 11500 times.
Embodiment 2
Among this embodiment, the cutting element of prior art has smooth interface, and diameter is 19mm, and overall height is 16mm, and diamond table thickness is 3mm.Bite of the present invention has the interface of optimization, and its angle of slope is 45 °, and aspect ratio is 0.6, and shoulder is wide than (shoulder width radio)=0.025.FEA the results are shown in table 2.
Table 2
| Stress (MPa) | The flat interface cutting tool | Cutting tool of the present invention |
| Maximum surface is tensile stress axially | 595 | 58 |
| Maximum radial surface |
300 | 110 |
| Maximum surperficial hoop tensile stress | 88 | 0 |
The above results may extend into other platform diameter, the diamond table height, and the angle of slope, and shoulder is wide.As being indicated by the FEA model, table 3 has demonstrated shoulder angle (Sa) and diamond table aspect ratio D
c: D
pCorrelation.The ratio that shows is similar to.
Table 3
| Shoulder angle (S a) | D
c∶D
pThe |
| 20 ° and 30 ° | 0.25 and 0.85 |
| 20 ° and 30 ° | 0.35 and 0.75 |
| 20 ° and 30 ° | 0.45 and 0.65 |
| 20 ° and 30 ° | 0.5 and 0.55 |
| 25 ° and 35 ° | 0.25 and 0.8 |
| 25 ° and 35 ° | 0.3 and 0.7 |
| 25 ° and 35 ° | 0.4 and 0.6 |
| 25 ° and 35 ° | 0.45 and 0.55 |
| 30 ° and 40 ° | 0.25 and 0.8 |
| 30 ° and 40 ° | 0.25 and 0.7 |
| 30 ° and 40 ° | 0.35 and 0.6 |
| 30 ° and 40 ° | 0.45 and 0.5 |
| 35 ° and 45 ° | 0.15 and 0.75 |
| 35 ° and 45 ° | 0.25 and 0.65 |
| 35 ° and 45 ° | 0.35 and 0.55 |
| 35 ° and 45 ° | 0.4 and 0.5 |
| 40 ° and 50 ° | 0.1 and 0.8 |
| 40 ° and 50 ° | 0.2 and 0.70 |
| 40 ° and 50 ° | 0.3 and 0.6 |
| 40 ° and 50 ° | 0.4 and 0.5 |
| 45 ° and 55 ° | 0.1 and 0.75 |
| 45 ° and 55 ° | 0.2 and 0.7 |
| 45 ° and 55 ° | 0.3 and 0.6 |
| 45 ° and 55 ° | 0.4 and 0.5 |
| 50 ° and 60 ° | 0.05 and 0.75 |
| 50 ° and 60 ° | 0.15 and 0.65 |
| 50 ° and 60 ° | 0.25 and 0.55 |
| 50 ° and 60 ° | 0.35 and 0.45 |
| 55 ° and 65 ° | 0.05 and 0.7 |
| 55 ° and 65 ° | 0.1 and 0.6 |
| 55 ° and 65 ° | 0.2 and 0.5 |
| 55 ° and 65 ° | 0.3 and 0.4 |
Shoulder angle (S
a) and shoulder wide than (S
w: D
d) correlation be shown in following table 4, wherein ratio is similar to.
Table 4
| Shoulder angle (S a) | D c∶D pThe diamond table ratio | S
w∶D
dThe |
| 20 ° and 65 ° | 0.1 and 0.8 | 0 to about 0.5 |
| 20 ° and 65 ° | 0.1 and 0.8 | 0 to about 0.4 |
| 20 ° and 65 ° | 0.1 and 0.8 | 0 to about 0.3 |
| 20 ° and 65 ° | 0.1 and 0.8 | 0 to about 0.2 |
| 20 ° and 65 ° | 0.1 and 0.8 | 0 to about 0.1 |
Described the present invention with reference to embodiment preferred, it will be understood to those of skill in the art that and to make various variations and equivalence replaces and can not exceed scope of the present invention to each element.In addition, for instruction of the present invention, can make many improvement and can not walk out base region of the present invention to adapt to special place or material.Cutting element according to one or more open embodiments can be used in combination with the cutting element of identical or other open embodiments, or be used in combination with traditional cutting element, with pairing or other combining forms, include but not limited to arranged side by side and leading/subordinate combination of various schemes.
All that mentioned are proved document and are all clearly introduced and as a reference at this paper herein.
Claims (10)
1. milling tool tessera comprises:
(a) substrate (312), described substrate (312) have inner face (316) and ring surface (320), and described inner face (316) has center (318), and described ring surface (320) has periphery,
Described inner face (316) to be becoming the angle of scope between 5 ° and 30 ° outside, downward-sloping from described center (318) with level,
Described ring surface (320) is round described inner face (316), described ring surface (320) with become with level an angle between 20 ° and 75 ° face down in described, outward-dipping, and stop at described periphery place; And
(b) continuously grinding layer (314), described continuously grinding layer have center (318) and form the periphery of cutting edge, and described continuously grinding layer is integrally formed in the described substrate, and between is defined as the interface.
2. according to the milling tool tessera of claim 1, wherein said ring surface (320) is located to stop in scene-affinity (322), and this scene-affinity is round the described periphery of said ring surface (320).
3. according to the milling tool tessera of claim 1, wherein said substrate comprises cemented metal carbide.
4. according to the milling tool tessera of claim 3, wherein said cemented metal carbide is one or more in the carbide of IVB family, VB family and group vib metal.
5. according to the milling tool tessera of claim 1, wherein said grinding layer is one or more in diamond, cubic boron nitride, wurtzite BN and the combination thereof.
6. method that forms the milling tool tessera, described method comprises the steps:
(a) form the substrate (312) with inner face (316) and ring surface (320), described inner face (316) has center (318), and described ring surface (320) has periphery,
Described inner face (316) to be becoming the angle of scope between 5 ° and 30 ° outside, downward-sloping from described center (318) with level,
Described ring surface (320) stops at described periphery place, and described ring surface (320) is to become an angle between 20 ° and 75 ° outside, downward-sloping from described inner face (316) with level; And
(b) the whole continuously grinding layer that forms in described substrate, described grinding layer has the center and forms the periphery of cutting edge.
7. according to the method for claim 6, wherein said substrate comprises cemented metal carbide.
8. according to the method for claim 7, wherein said cemented metal carbide is one or more in the carbide of IVB family, VB family and group vib metal.
9. according to the method for claim 6, wherein said grinding layer is one or more in diamond, cubic boron nitride, wurtzite BN and the combination thereof.
10. according to the method for claim 6, wherein said ring surface angle is at 45 with level, and described ring surface stops at the scene-affinity place of the described periphery that centers on described ring surface.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US39518102P | 2002-07-10 | 2002-07-10 | |
| US39518202P | 2002-07-10 | 2002-07-10 | |
| US60/395,182 | 2002-07-10 | ||
| US60/395,181 | 2002-07-10 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1668827A CN1668827A (en) | 2005-09-14 |
| CN100374685C true CN100374685C (en) | 2008-03-12 |
Family
ID=30118481
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB038163136A Expired - Fee Related CN100374685C (en) | 2002-07-10 | 2003-06-12 | Cutting tools with two-slope profile |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1527251B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN100374685C (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2003248688A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2004007901A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2004076800A1 (en) * | 2003-02-26 | 2004-09-10 | Element Six (Proprietary) Limited | Secondary cutting element for drill bit |
| US8858662B2 (en) * | 2011-03-04 | 2014-10-14 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Methods of forming polycrystalline tables and polycrystalline elements |
| US10107042B2 (en) * | 2012-09-07 | 2018-10-23 | Smith International, Inc. | Ultra-hard constructions with erosion resistance |
| US9138872B2 (en) | 2013-03-13 | 2015-09-22 | Diamond Innovations, Inc. | Polycrystalline diamond drill blanks with improved carbide interface geometries |
| US9080385B2 (en) * | 2013-05-22 | 2015-07-14 | Us Synthetic Corporation | Bearing assemblies including thick superhard tables and/or selected exposures, bearing apparatuses, and methods of use |
| GB201309798D0 (en) * | 2013-05-31 | 2013-07-17 | Element Six Abrasives Sa | Superhard constructions & methods of making same |
| US10465447B2 (en) * | 2015-03-12 | 2019-11-05 | Baker Hughes, A Ge Company, Llc | Cutting elements configured to mitigate diamond table failure, earth-boring tools including such cutting elements, and related methods |
| CN105127430B (en) * | 2015-08-24 | 2017-11-24 | 珠海市钜鑫科技开发有限公司 | A kind of superhard material with cubic boron nitride, wurtzite BN and diamond and preparation method thereof |
| GB201523149D0 (en) * | 2015-12-31 | 2016-02-17 | Element Six Uk Ltd | Super hard constructions & methods of making same |
| US10400517B2 (en) | 2017-05-02 | 2019-09-03 | Baker Hughes, A Ge Company, Llc | Cutting elements configured to reduce impact damage and related tools and methods |
| US10577870B2 (en) | 2018-07-27 | 2020-03-03 | Baker Hughes, A Ge Company, Llc | Cutting elements configured to reduce impact damage related tools and methods—alternate configurations |
| US10570668B2 (en) | 2018-07-27 | 2020-02-25 | Baker Hughes, A Ge Company, Llc | Cutting elements configured to reduce impact damage and mitigate polycrystalline, superabrasive material failure earth-boring tools including such cutting elements, and related methods |
| CN113286930A (en) * | 2018-11-12 | 2021-08-20 | 斯伦贝谢技术有限公司 | Non-planar cutting elements having non-planar interface designs and knives incorporating such elements |
| US11920409B2 (en) | 2022-07-05 | 2024-03-05 | Baker Hughes Oilfield Operations Llc | Cutting elements, earth-boring tools including the cutting elements, and methods of forming the earth-boring tools |
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-
2003
- 2003-06-12 CN CNB038163136A patent/CN100374685C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-06-12 AU AU2003248688A patent/AU2003248688A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-06-12 EP EP03764305A patent/EP1527251B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-06-12 WO PCT/US2003/018692 patent/WO2004007901A1/en active IP Right Grant
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| US5494477A (en) * | 1993-08-11 | 1996-02-27 | General Electric Company | Abrasive tool insert |
| US5605199A (en) * | 1994-06-24 | 1997-02-25 | Camco Drilling Group Limited | Elements faced with super hard material |
| CN2293415Y (en) * | 1996-11-08 | 1998-10-07 | 郑州新亚复合超硬材料有限公司 | Diamond composite sheet |
| US5971087A (en) * | 1998-05-20 | 1999-10-26 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Reduced residual tensile stress superabrasive cutters for earth boring and drill bits so equipped |
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| CN2392909Y (en) * | 1999-07-14 | 2000-08-23 | 郑州新亚复合超硬材料有限公司 | Diamond/hard alloy compounded sheet |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1527251B1 (en) | 2008-01-23 |
| WO2004007901A1 (en) | 2004-01-22 |
| CN1668827A (en) | 2005-09-14 |
| EP1527251A1 (en) | 2005-05-04 |
| AU2003248688A1 (en) | 2004-02-02 |
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