CN100373661C - 锂离子二次电池 - Google Patents
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- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract description 7
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract description 7
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract 7
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract 7
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 41
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 41
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- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 abstract 1
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- OJIJEKBXJYRIBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium nickel Chemical compound [Ni].[Cd] OJIJEKBXJYRIBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种锂离子二次电池。该电池包括具有盖板的盖组件,所述盖板具有预定的厚度和盖板的长轴长度对短轴长度的预定比例。该结构在密封电解质注入孔时防止盖板变形。锂离子二次电池包括果冻卷型电极组件,所述电极组件具有第一和第二电极板和设置于第一和第二电极板之间的分隔体。所述电池还包括:电池壳体,用于容纳电池组件;和盖组件,包括铝和镁的合金,所述合金包含2%或更少的镁。所述盖组件包括耦合到电池壳体的端子板来密封壳体,且将盖组件电连接到电极组件。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种二次电池,更具体而言涉及一种锂离子二次电池,其具有盖组件(cap assembly),适于在密封电解质注入孔时防止盖板变形。盖组件包括盖板,其具有预定的厚度和盖板的长轴长度对短轴长度的预定比例。
背景技术
近来已经积极地开发和生产了轻型而紧凑的电器和电子设备,包括蜂窝电话、笔记本计算机和便携式摄像机。这样的便携式电器和电子设备当没有分立的电源时依赖电池组工作。为了经济的原因,电池组一般包括可以充电和放电的二次电池。示范性二次电池包括镍镉(Ni-Cd)电池、镍氢(Ni-MH)电池、锂(Li)电池和锂离子电池。
锂二次电池在3.6V的电压下运行,该电压比被广泛使用为便携式电子设备的电源的镍氢电池和镍镉电池的电压大三倍。锂二次电池也具有高的单位重量的能量密度。因为这些原因,锂二次电池的使用已经扩大。
锂二次电池主要使用锂基氧化物作为正电极活性材料和碳基材料作为负电极活性材料。依据所使用的电解质的类型,将锂二次电池分类,即,锂离子电池使用液体电解质,且锂聚合物电池使用聚合物电解质。锂二次电池可以采取各种形状,包括圆柱形、矩形和袋状(pouch)。
典型的锂离子二次电池包括电极组件,所述电极组件具有涂布有正电极活性材料的正电极组件、涂布有负电极活性材料的负电极组件和设置于正和负电极组件之间的分隔体。分隔体防止短路且仅允许锂离子通过。锂二次电池还包括:电池壳体,用于容纳电极组件;和电解质,用于使锂离子迁移,该电介质是被注入电池壳体的。
将正电极片(electrode tab)连接到涂布有正电极活性材料的正电极组件。将负电极片连接到涂布有负电极活性材料的负电极组件。通过层压正电极板(electrode plate)与所贴附的正电极片、负电极板与所贴附的负电极片以及分隔体从而制造电极组件。在层压之后,缠绕正和负电极板以及分隔体来形成电极组件。
其后,将电极组件容纳于电池壳体中,且壳体的开口用盖组件密封来防止电极组件脱离。将电解质通过设置于盖组件的盖板上的电解质注入孔注入电池壳体。然后将具有出色延展性的铝球***电解质注入孔来密封该孔。可以将铝球焊接到注入孔,或可以使用树脂来增强密封。
但是,近来已经发现通过将球***孔来密封电解质注入孔导致了盖板的严重变形。盖板的这种变形主要由机械强度的减小造成,这在盖板的厚度减小时发生。减小盖板的厚度减小了电池尺寸而增加了充电容量。
当盖板严重变形时,壳体和盖板之间的密封可能失效。另外,变形的盖板可以对容纳在电池壳体内的电极组件的上表面施加压力,由此在正和负电极之间产生短路。另外,电池壳体的内部压力可能改变,且即使在正常的充电和放电循环期间安全气孔(safety vent)也可能断裂。
发明内容
在一实施例中,本发明提供了一种锂离子二次电池,包括具有盖板的盖组件,所述盖板具有预定的厚度和盖板的长轴长度对短轴长度的预定比例。该结构在密封电解质注入孔时防止盖板变形。
依据一个实施例的锂离子二次电池包括果冻卷(jelly roll)型电极组件,所述电极组件具有第一和第二电极板和设置于第一和第二电极板之间的分隔体。所述电池还包括:电池壳体,用于容纳电池组件;和盖组件,具有耦合到壳体的盖板来密封壳体。盖板包括包含2%或更少镁的铝和镁的合金。
依据本发明的另一实施例,锂离子二次电池包括缠绕(果冻卷型)电极组件,所述电极组件具有第一和第二电极板和设置于第一和第二电极板之间的分隔体。所述电池还包括:电池壳体,用于容纳电池组件;和盖组件,具有耦合到壳体的盖板来密封壳体。盖板包括一种具有至少约15.00kgf/mm2的屈服强度的材料。
在一实施例中,盖板具有从约0.7到约1.1mm范围内的厚度。盖板的长轴的长度对盖板的短轴的长度的比例的范围可以是从约1.3到约4.0。在另一实施例中,该比例为约3.0或更小。
盖板可以包括一种材料,该材料选自由拉伸强度至少为15.50kgf/mm2的材料、剪切强度至少为10.00kgf/mm2的材料和布氏硬度(Brinell hardness)至少为40的材料构成的组。
附图说明
当结合附图,通过参考以下的详细描述,本发明的以上和其它特征和优点将变得更加明显,在附图中:
图1是依据本发明的一个实施例的锂二次电池的示意性透视图;以及
图2是依据本发明的一个实施例的锂离子二次电池的盖板的透视图。
具体实施方式
现将参考附图描述本发明的示范性实施例。在以下的描述和附图中,相似的附图标记用于指示相似的组件以避免相同或相似组件的重复描述。
图1是依据本发明的一个实施例的锂二次电池的示意性透视图。如图1所示,锂二次电池100包括电池壳体110、容纳于电池壳体110中的果冻卷型电极组件200,和耦合到电池壳体110的顶部的盖组件300。
电池壳体110包括金属材料且具有大致正方的形状。壳体110自身可以作为端子。
电极组件200包括:第一电极板210,具有贴附于其的第一电极片215(或正电极片);第二电极板220,具有贴附于其的第二电极片225;和设置于第一和第二电极板210和220之间的分隔体230。将正和负电极板以及分隔体层压在一起且缠绕来形成电极组件200。将电极组件200容纳于电池壳体110中。分别从电极组件200延伸的第一和第二电极片215和225的部分可以通过绝缘带(insulation tape)240与电极组件200绝缘来分别避免第一和第二电极板210和220之间的短路。
盖组件300包括平盖板310,其尺寸和形状相应于电池壳体110的开口。盖板310具有在其中心的端子过孔311和在一侧上用于注入电解质的电解质注入孔312。通过在孔312中***栓塞315来密封电解质注入孔312。
如此设置端子过孔311使得可以将电极端子320(例如,负电极端子)通过过孔311***。管状垫圈330围绕电极端子320,电绝缘端子和盖板310。绝缘板340设置于盖板310下面,且端子板350设置于绝缘板340和电池壳体110的开口之间。
通过端子过孔311将电极端子***。管状垫圈330围绕端子320的外周边表面。电极端子320通过绝缘板340延伸,且在其下端电连接到端子板350。
从第一电极板210延伸的第一电极片215焊接到盖板310的下表面,且从第二电极板220延伸的第二电极片225焊接到电极端子320的下端。
绝缘壳体360设置于电池壳体110的开口的上方,且覆盖电极组件200。绝缘壳体360电绝缘电极组件200和盖组件300。绝缘壳体360具有电解质注入孔362,该孔在位置上相应于盖板310的电解质注入孔312的位置,使得能够容易地注入电解质。绝缘壳体360可以包括具有绝缘性能的聚合物树脂,例如聚丙稀。
图2是依据本发明的一个实施例的锂离子二次电池的盖板的透视图。如图2所示,盖板310具有端子过孔311和电解质注入孔312。
盖板包括一种具有至少约15.00kgf/mm2的屈服强度的材料。在一个实施例中,盖板包括包含2%或更少镁的铝和镁的合金。因为盖板310具有从约0.7到约1.1mm的范围的厚度,所以材料的屈服强度特别重要。盖板310也可以具有从约0.7到约0.8mm的范围的厚度,在该范围内盖板易变形,使得屈服强度更加关键。
依据本发明的一个实施例,盖板310的长轴A的长度对短轴B的长度的比例可以为约4.0或更小。在另一实施例中,该比例为约3.3或更小,而在又一实施例中,该比例为3.0。如果该比例大于4.0,当密封电解质孔312时盖板310容易在长轴A的方向上变形。如果该比例为3.0或更小,变形不容易发生,当比例为3.0时,发生非常小的变形。
在一个实施例中,电解质孔312设置于盖板310上,使得孔312和板310的第一端410之间的距离(d1)短于孔312分别和盖板310的第一和第二边430和440的任一之间的距离(d2)。
在一个实施例中,盖板310的长轴A的长度对短轴B的长度的比例为至少1.3。在另一实施例中,比例为至少1.5。如果该比例小于1.3,盖板对扭矩的抵抗力减小。
盖板310可以包括或者一种具有至少15.50kgf/mm2的拉伸强度的材料、或者一种具有至少10.00kgf/mm2的剪切强度的材料,或者一种具有至少40的布氏硬度的材料。
用于密封电解质注入孔的栓塞可以包括铝,例如,JIS1070铝,其具有出色的延展性。栓塞具有约26到约27的维式硬度(Vikers hardness)。优选地,栓塞从盖板310的表面凸出约0.15mm或更小,使得能够在密封时容易地激光焊接。
在将盖板310耦合到电池壳体110的顶部期间,在注入电解质期间和在用栓塞315密封电解质孔312期间,本发明的盖板抵抗变形。
总之,依据本发明的锂离子二次电池可以在将栓塞315***电解质孔312时防止盖板310变形。为了防止这样的变形,本发明的盖板具有预定的厚度和盖板的长轴长度和短轴长度的预定比例。
本发明的示范性实施例仅出于说明的目的描述。本领域的技术人员可以理解在不脱离由权利要求所界定的本发明的精神和范围内,可以做出各种修改、添加和替换。
本发明要求于2004年9月8日在韩国知识产权局提交的韩国专利申请No.2004-0071774的优先权和权益,其全部内容引入于此作为参考。
Claims (19)
1.一种锂离子二次电池,包括:
电极组件,所述电极组件具有第一和第二电极板和设置于所述第一和第二电极板之间的分隔体;
电池壳体,用于容纳所述电极组件;和
盖组件,具有包括铝和镁的合金的盖板,所述合金包含2%或更少的镁,其中,所述盖组件耦合到所述电池壳体来密封所述电池壳体,所述盖组件电连接到所述电极组件。
2.如权利要求1所述的锂离子二次电池,其中,所述盖板具有从0.7到1.1mm的范围的厚度。
3.如权利要求1所述的锂离子二次电池,其中,所述盖板的长轴的长度对盖板的短轴的长度的比例的范围是从1.3到4.0。
4.如权利要求1所述的锂离子二次电池,其中,所述盖板包括一种具有至少15.50kgf/mm2的拉伸强度的材料。
5.如权利要求1所述的锂离子二次电池,其中,所述盖板包括一种具有至少10.00kgf/mm2的剪切强度的材料。
6.如权利要求1所述的锂离子二次电池,其中,所述盖板包括一种具有至少40的布氏硬度的材料。
7.如权利要求1所述的锂离子二次电池,其中,所述盖板包括一种具有至少15.00kgf/mm2的屈服强度的材料。
8.如权利要求7所述的锂离子二次电池,其中,所述盖板包括一种具有至少15.50kgf/mm2的拉伸强度的材料。
9.如权利要求7所述的锂离子二次电池,其中,所述盖板包括一种具有至少10.00kgf/mm2的剪切强度的材料。
10.如权利要求7所述的锂离子二次电池,其中,所述盖板包括一种具有至少40的布氏硬度的材料。
11.如权利要求7所述的锂离子二次电池,其中,所述盖板具有从0.7到1.1mm的范围的厚度。
12.如权利要求7所述的锂离子二次电池,其中,所述盖板的长轴的长度对盖板的短轴的长度的比例的范围是从1.3到4.0。
13.如权利要求12所述的锂离子二次电池,其中,所述盖板的长轴的长度对盖板的短轴的长度的比例的范围是从1.5到3.3。
14.如权利要求13所述的锂离子二次电池,其中,所述盖板的长轴的长度对盖板的短轴的长度的比例是3.0。
15.如权利要求7所述的锂离子二次电池,其中,所述盖板包括电解质孔,所述电解质孔如此设置,使得所述电解质孔和所述盖板的第一端之间的第一距离短于所述电解质孔与所述盖板的第一和第二边之间的第二距离。
16.如权利要求7所述的锂离子二次电池,其中,所述盖板包括铝和镁的合金,其中所述合金包含2%或更少的镁。
17.一种锂离子二次电池,包括:
电极组件,所述电极组件具有第一和第二电极板和设置于所述第一和第二电极板之间的分隔体;
电池壳体,用于容纳所述电极组件;和
盖组件,具有盖板,所述盖板包括一种选自由下述材料构成的组的材料:
一种具有至少15.00kgf/mm2的屈服强度的材料,
一种铝和镁的合金,其中所述合金包含2%或更少的镁,
一种具有至少40的布氏硬度的材料,
一种具有至少10.00kgf/mm2的剪切强度的材料,
一种具有至少15.50kgf/mm2的拉伸强度的材料,和
其混合物,
其中,所述盖组件耦合到所述电池壳体来密封所述电池壳体,所述盖组件电连接到所述电极组件。
18.如权利要求17所述的锂离子二次电池,其中,所述盖板具有从0.7到1.1mm的范围的厚度。
19.如权利要求17所述的锂离子二次电池,其中,所述盖板的长轴的长度对盖板的短轴的长度的比例的范围是从1.3到4.0。
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CN101064364B (zh) * | 2006-04-29 | 2012-11-28 | 深圳市比克电池有限公司 | 一种锂离子电池盖板、电池壳及电池 |
FR2909577B1 (fr) * | 2006-12-08 | 2009-03-06 | Accumulateurs Fixes | Procede de soudure par laser a optique annulaire |
JP2009224094A (ja) * | 2008-03-14 | 2009-10-01 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | 角形密閉電池 |
KR101162859B1 (ko) * | 2010-07-12 | 2012-07-04 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 이차전지 |
KR101433666B1 (ko) * | 2012-02-07 | 2014-08-25 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 전지케이스 상의 미코팅 구간을 포함하는 전지셀의 제조방법 |
CN106025345B (zh) * | 2016-07-01 | 2019-03-05 | 浙江天能能源科技股份有限公司 | 一种锂离子电池 |
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