CN100373406C - 发送存储在射频识别标签中的数据的方法 - Google Patents

发送存储在射频识别标签中的数据的方法 Download PDF

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CN100373406C
CN100373406C CNB038248417A CN03824841A CN100373406C CN 100373406 C CN100373406 C CN 100373406C CN B038248417 A CNB038248417 A CN B038248417A CN 03824841 A CN03824841 A CN 03824841A CN 100373406 C CN100373406 C CN 100373406C
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CN1695161A (zh
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R·C·贝克
D·W·迈尔斯
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Honeywell International Inc
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06KGRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/067Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
    • G06K19/07Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
    • G06K19/0716Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips at least one of the integrated circuit chips comprising a sensor or an interface to a sensor
    • G06K19/0717Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips at least one of the integrated circuit chips comprising a sensor or an interface to a sensor the sensor being capable of sensing environmental conditions such as temperature history or pressure
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06KGRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/067Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
    • G06K19/07Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
    • G06K19/0723Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips the record carrier comprising an arrangement for non-contact communication, e.g. wireless communication circuits on transponder cards, non-contact smart cards or RFIDs
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06KGRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/067Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
    • G06K19/07Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
    • G06K19/077Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier
    • G06K19/07749Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier the record carrier being capable of non-contact communication, e.g. constructional details of the antenna of a non-contact smart card
    • G06K19/07766Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier the record carrier being capable of non-contact communication, e.g. constructional details of the antenna of a non-contact smart card comprising at least a second communication arrangement in addition to a first non-contact communication arrangement
    • G06K19/07769Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier the record carrier being capable of non-contact communication, e.g. constructional details of the antenna of a non-contact smart card comprising at least a second communication arrangement in addition to a first non-contact communication arrangement the further communication means being a galvanic interface, e.g. hybrid or mixed smart cards having a contact and a non-contact interface

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Abstract

RFID标签具有存储器、支持与长距离阅读器的长距离RF通信的RF收发器、以及支持在安全链路上与短距离阅读器的短距离通信的接口。RF收发器能用于将存储在标签存储器中的ID发送到长距离阅读器,并且接口能用于在安全链路将敏感历史信息发送到短距离阅读器。ID唯一地标识附有标签的商品,并且历史信息提供有关商品的环境数据、和/或维护数据、和/或运送数据、和/或库存数据、和/或生产数据等。

Description

发送存储在射频识别标签中的数据的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及适合附在商品上的标签,并且该标签能存储有关附有标签商品的信息。
背景技术
已经将各种标签附在商品上,以便能区分各商品。例如,将条形码标签附在食杂店的商品上,并在收银台扫描它,以便自动识别商品并在出售它们时登记商品的价格。
条形码标签也已经用在库存控制和监控中。因此,可以扫描这些条形码,以便当商品移进、通过和移出存储区时跟踪它们。读取附在商品上的条形码以便访问有关商品的各种计算机记录,也是已知的。
然而,条形码标签有几个缺点。例如,当读取条形码时,被访问的计算机存储的记录不随相应商品移动。因此,如果附有条形码的商品远离计算机时,则如果有必要不能立即访问有关商品的记录。
而且,不能远程读取条形码标签。因而,如果想获得当前存储区中商品的库存,员工必须物理地扫描每个商品上的每个标签,一次一个,以便确定哪些商品目前在存储区中。这种扫描要求在商品所在地的员工实际在场,并且极其费时。另外,因为条形码标签不能远程读取,所以如果其上附有标签的商品被从安全区域不正确地移走时,它们不能用作能被检测的安全装置。
给其上存储商品的托盘(pallets)提供存储器存储装置是已知的。存储器存储装置然后可用于保持有关组成商品的组成部分的库存信息。存储器存储装置也能保持在商品上执行的生产步骤的结果,例如测试。可为托盘提供读和写终端,以便能读取包含在存储器存储装置内的信息,并且能写信息以存储在存储器存储装置中。
同样,在装有半导体晶片的盒子上提供具有存储器存储装置的RFID标签也是已知的。RFID标签的存储器存储装置然后可用于存储包含工厂ID号、盒子ID码、批量ID、工厂序号、当前操作和下一操作、当前量(即晶片计数)、在使用期限内的总盒子环、自退火后的盒子环、以及在进行中的标记(例如进行中或等待)的信息页。
因而,记录可以更加紧密地与商品相关联。然而,记录仍然不存储在商品自身上,以便如果商品被从托盘或盒子中移走时,有关这些商品的记录不容易被访问。
将射频标识(RFID)标签附在商品本身上也是已知的。RFID标签能像条形码标签一样被读取。然而,与条形码标签不同的是,读取RFID标签不需要员工的实际在场,因为能改为远程读取标签。因而,能更加快速地获得库存,因为员工不需要在存储区或其它区域走来走去以便读取标签。而且,因为能远程读取RFID标签,所以它们能用作安全装置。因而,如果某人企图从安全区域偷偷摸摸地移走附有RFID标签的商品,则远程阅读器能检测到标签并提供适当的报警。
结合附有RFID标签的计算机使用RFID标签,也是已知的。这种RFID标签存储计算机的唯一标识(例如,生产部门代码和序号)、计算机描述(例如型号、序号和生产日期)以及有关计算机的安全数据(例如,移动授权和预定通信顺序)。然而,这些RFID标签依赖于传送和存储数据的主计算机。
此外,诸如RFID标签的收发器已经附在了商品自身上,并已经包含了用于检测可能影响相应商品的环境条件的传感器。收发器存储器存储由传感器检测的环境条件。然而,这些标签很少存储其它信息。
因而,过去使用的RFID标签还不能存储有关附有RFID标签的货物的历史的精确信息。例如,已知的RFID标签没有存储关于库存历史、运送货物清单、以及有关相应商品维护的信息。而且,既没有提供非安全链路也没有提供安全链路以读取已知标签。例如,虽然使用长距离RF阅读器(即非安全链路)读取存储在RFID标签中的ID通常是有用的,并且从而验证RFID标签的存在以及附有标签物品的大概存在,但是使用长距离阅读器读取存储在标签中的其它信息不可能合乎要求,因为长距离发送更容易被截取。
本发明克服了一个或多个现有技术标签的这些或其它缺陷。
发明内容
根据本发明的一方面,RFID标签包括存储数据的存储器、支持与长距离阅读器的长距离RF通信的RF收发器、以及支持在安全链路上与短距离阅读器的短距离通信的接口。
根据本发明的另一方面,发送存储在RFID标签中的数据的方法包括如下步骤:在第一通信链路上发送来自存储器的ID,其中ID标识附有RFID标签的商品,其中第一通信链路包括长距离RF链路,并且其中RFID标签包含存储器;以及,在第二通信链路上发送来自存储器的历史信息,其中历史信息包括有关商品历史的信息,并且其中第二通信链路包括安全短距离链路。
根据本发明的又一方面,发送存储在标签中的数据的方法包括如下步骤:发送来自存储器的ID,其中ID标识附有标签的商品,并且其中标签包含存储器;以及,发送来自存储器的历史信息,其中历史信息包括有关商品维护历史的维护信息。
附图说明
根据结合附图时的本发明的详细考虑,这些和其它特征和优点会更加明显,附图中:
图1示出根据本发明一个实施例的标签***;
图2示出能与图1的标签***一起使用的标签的附加细节;以及,
图3是显示图1和2所示标签的操作的流程图。
具体实施方式
如图1中所示,标签***10包含长距离阅读器12、短距离阅读器14和RFID标签16。长距离阅读器12包含天线18,并且RFID标签16同样包含天线20。天线18和20建立在长距离阅读器12和RFID标签16之间的长距离RF链路,以便长距离阅读器12可远程读取存储在RFID标签16的存储器中的标识。长距离阅读器12的范围能达几百英尺高。例如,长距离阅读器12的预期最大范围大约能有500英尺。
在短距离阅读器14和RFID标签16之间的安全链路22,容许短距离阅读器14以更加安全的方式从RFID标签16读取信息。也就是,长距离阅读器12读取存储在RFID标签16中的某些信息是不期望的,因为长距离RF通信能被偷偷放在关键位置的类似于长距离阅读器12的阅读器截取。因此,安全链路22增加了非法获取可存储在RFID标签16上的更多敏感信息的困难。
图1中所示的安全链路22如在短距离阅读器14和RFID标签16之间的硬连线链路。因此,存储在RFID标签16上的更敏感信息可通过建立短距离阅读器14和RFID标签16之间的物理互连来读取。或者,安全链路22可以是有限范围磁链路,例如那些由无接触智能卡提供的。作为又一个备选,安全链路22可以是非常有限范围RF链路。本领域的技术人员会想到其它备选。在安全链路22上短距离阅读器14的预期最大范围例如可小于2英尺,并可在6英寸和18英寸之间。
图2中的附加细节显示了RFID标签16的一个实施例。RFID标签16包含连接在天线20和微处理器32之间的RF收发器30。因此,RFID标签16可向和从长距离阅读器12发送和接收通信。
RFID标签16还包含在微处理器32和短距离阅读器14之间的接口34。因此,RFID标签16可向和从短距离阅读器14发送和接收通信。在安全链路22是硬连线链路的情况下,接口34可以只是一个可连接到短距离阅读器14的相应插头的插头。在安全链路22是RF链路的情况下,接口34可以是类似于RF收发器30的RF收发器,但是最好具有一个更短范围。在安全链路22是磁链路的情况下,接口34可以只是能够与短距离阅读器14磁性接口连接的磁发射器/传感器。
RFID标签16也包括连接到微处理器32的存储器36。存储器36存储能由长距离阅读器12通过天线18和20、RF收发器30和微处理器32读取的RFID标签16的ID。存储器36也存储由短距离阅读器14通过安全链路22、接口34和微处理器32提供给它的信息。
这个信息可包含例如附有RFID标签16的商品的库存历史。因此,商品入库日期、商品出库日期、商品在库中的持续时间、库存的任何移入和移出、以及类似信息可存储在存储器36中。
存储在存储器36中的信息也可包含指示商品何时运送以及运送给谁的运送货物清单。而且,在具有不同目的地的各商品在同一集装箱中运送的情况下,附在集装箱上的RFID标签(后面称为集装箱标签)可附在集装箱上。这个集装箱标签可配置用于存储集装箱中每个商品的身份和目的地。当商品被从集装箱中移走时,可更新存储在集装箱标签中的信息,以指示哪些商品已经移走、商品移走的位置、以及移走商品的员工的身份。
存储在存储器36中的信息还可包含显示相应商品的维护和/或维修的服务记录的维护、维修和日期。
有关商品的其它信息同样可存储在存储器36中。例如,可通过保持修改存储信息和作修改的员工的身份的记录,来保证存储在存储器36中信息的完整性。作为另一个示例,有关商品生产的记录可存储在标签的存储器中。
因此,任何有关商品的信息都可与商品一起存储,而不是存储在远程计算机***中或纸上。
因为记录由附在相应商品上的RFID标签16携带,所以RFID标签16消除了保持商品生活史的纸或计算机记录的需要,RFID标签16消除了丢失或错放记录的问题,并通过取消在商品上访问和/或操作之前检索记录的需要,RFID标签16提高了操作效率。
如图2所示,RFID标签16包含被连接的电池38,以便给RF收发器30、微处理器32、接口34(如果有必要)和存储器36供电。
多个传感器连接到微处理器32。这些传感器包含例如温度传感器40、湿度传感器42以及其它传感器44,例如压力传感器、近程传感器、电磁传感器、光学传感器、机械传感器、化学传感器,例如烟雾剂化学传感器和/或类似传感器。微处理器32将来自这些传感器的信息存储在存储器36中,并且可通过短距离阅读器14从存储器36中读取这个信息。
微处理器32也被连接以检测电池38的电压电平。因此,微处理器32将电池38的电压电平存储在存储器36中,并且可由短距离阅读器14从存储器36中读取这个信息。因而,如果电池38的电压电平(如由短距离阅读器14读取的)指示电池38需要充电或更换,则可以采取适当的补救措施。
如图3所示,如果是RFID标签16将其ID发送到长距离阅读器12的时间,如块50所确定的,则块52将ID提供给利用天线20发送ID的RF收发器。在块50,微处理器32例如可响应中断或由RF收发器30提供的指示轮询消息已经由RF收发器30从长距离阅读器12接收到的其它信号。可选择地或另外,微处理器32可以只响应中断或由定时器提供的、指示是发送标签的ID的时间的其它信号。
如果是RFID标签16通过短距离阅读器14发送存储在存储器36中的信息的时间,如块54所确定的,则块56将信息提供给将信息发送到安全线22的接口34。在块54,微处理器32例如可响应中断或由短距离阅读器14在安全链路22上提供的指示短距离阅读器14准备读取所有信息或选择的部分信息的其它信号。可选择地或另外,微处理器32可只响应中断或由定时器提供的、指示是发送所有信息或选择的部分信息的时间的其它信号。
如果是RFID标签16在存储器36中存储由短距离阅读器14提供的信息的时间,如块58所确定的,则块60在存储器36中存储由接口34接收的信息。在块58,微处理器32例如可响应中断或由接口34基于在安全链路22上接收的消息而提供的、指示短距离阅读器14有要存储在存储器36中的信息的其它信号,。
如果是RFID标签16在存储器36中存储由传感器40-44提供的传感器数据的时间,如块62所确定的,则块64在存储器36中适当地存储从传感器40-44接收的传感器数据。在块62,微处理器32例如可响应定时器中断或触发微处理器32周期性地读取传感器数据输入终端上的数据并将这个数据存储在存储器36中的其它信号。微处理器也可以在存储器36中存储读取传感器数据的时间。
上面已经公开了本发明的某些修改。本发明领域的技术人员会想到其它修改。例如,如上所述,长距离阅读器12的功能已经限制于从RFID标签16读取信息。然而,长距离阅读器12也可配置用于将信息写到RFID标签16。
此外,尽管RFID标签16在图2中显示为基于微处理器的标签,但是RFID标签16可以改为包括一个或多个数字电路元件、和/或可编程逻辑阵列、和/或专用集成电路等。
此外,如上所述,长距离阅读器12读取RFID标签16的ID,而短距离阅读器14读取存储在RFID标签16的存储器36中的所有其它信息和数据。可选择地或另外,短距离阅读器14可配置用于读取RFID标签16的ID,并且长距离阅读器12可配置用于读取一些或所有存储在存储器36中的信息和数据,而安全链路22可用于从存储器36中读取更敏感信息和数据。
同样,如上所述,长距离阅读器12具有几百英尺的范围,并且可具有大约500英尺的预期范围。然而,这个范围可能更长或更短,取决于应用和/或其它因素。同样,上面给定的短距离阅读器14的范围可以不同于如上所述。
因此,本发明的描述将理解为只是说明性的,并且目的在于向本领域的技术人员教导实现本发明的最好方式。在不脱离本发明思想的情况下,可以基本改变细节,并保留所附权利要求书范围内的所有修改的排他使用。

Claims (13)

1.一种发送存储在RFID标签中的数据的方法,包括:
在第一通信链路上发送来自存储器的ID,其中所述ID标识附有所述RFID标签的商品,其中第一通信链路包括长距离RF链路,并且其中所述RFID标签包含所述存储器;以及
在第二通信链路上发送来自所述存储器的历史信息,其中所述历史信息包括有关所述商品的历史的信息,并且其中第二通信链路包括安全短距离链路。
2.权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述历史信息包括由传感器检测的条件。
3.权利要求2所述的方法,其中所述条件包括温度。
4.权利要求2所述的方法,其中所述条件包括湿度。
5.权利要求2所述的方法,其中所述条件包括近程。
6.权利要求2所述的方法,其中所述条件包括给所述RFID标签供电的电池的电压电平。
7.权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述安全短距离链路包括安全硬连线链路。
8.权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述安全短距离链路包括安全磁链路。
9.权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述安全短距离链路包括安全短距离RF链路。
10.权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述历史信息包括有关所述商品的运送信息。
11.权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述历史信息包括有关所述商品的库存信息。
12.权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述历史信息包括有关所述商品的生产信息。
13.权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述历史信息包括有关所述商品的服务信息的维护、维修和日期。
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