CN100373084C - 用于管件的螺纹接头 - Google Patents

用于管件的螺纹接头 Download PDF

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CN100373084C
CN100373084C CNB2004800040253A CN200480004025A CN100373084C CN 100373084 C CN100373084 C CN 100373084C CN B2004800040253 A CNB2004800040253 A CN B2004800040253A CN 200480004025 A CN200480004025 A CN 200480004025A CN 100373084 C CN100373084 C CN 100373084C
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thread
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CN1748106A (zh
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M·莫罗蒂
D·德尔埃尔巴
G·德拉皮纳
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16LPIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L15/00Screw-threaded joints; Forms of screw-threads for such joints
    • F16L15/001Screw-threaded joints; Forms of screw-threads for such joints with conical threads
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16LPIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L15/00Screw-threaded joints; Forms of screw-threads for such joints
    • F16L15/001Screw-threaded joints; Forms of screw-threads for such joints with conical threads
    • F16L15/002Screw-threaded joints; Forms of screw-threads for such joints with conical threads with more then one threaded section
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16LPIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L15/00Screw-threaded joints; Forms of screw-threads for such joints
    • F16L15/001Screw-threaded joints; Forms of screw-threads for such joints with conical threads
    • F16L15/003Screw-threaded joints; Forms of screw-threads for such joints with conical threads with sealing rings

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Non-Disconnectible Joints And Screw-Threaded Joints (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)
  • Sealing Material Composition (AREA)
  • Quick-Acting Or Multi-Walled Pipe Joints (AREA)
  • Mutual Connection Of Rods And Tubes (AREA)
  • Gasket Seals (AREA)
  • Flanged Joints, Insulating Joints, And Other Joints (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种螺纹接头,其中螺纹上涂覆有厚度在5μm和30μm之间的干性润滑剂层,并且外螺纹管的螺纹和内螺纹管的螺纹之间的空隙(5、7)的标称空隙容积NVV的大小满足公式(I):NVV[cm3]≤4×OD[inch];见右下式,gT≤0.4mm2/螺距;其中,OD是标称外径,Wt是管件的壁厚。

Description

用于管件的螺纹接头
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于连接管件的螺纹接头,所述管件尤其用在天然气和原油开采工业中,该螺纹接头包括均在至少一端具有相应螺纹部的公螺纹件和母螺纹件。所述管件既可用作抽取天然气或原油的管道,又可作为钻井本身的套管。
背景技术
在油田中,通常将一定长度的金属管道连接形成一管线,例如以便达到所发现的天然气或原油的贮藏深度从而开采所述天然气或原油。
开采技术要求在钻井过程中使用金属管一即所谓的“套管”来逐渐在内部包覆油井。已经达到期望的深度以后,就将直径较小的金属管管线即所谓的“油管”***到该“套管”中,以用于将液态或气态烃抽到地面上。套管柱和油管柱均由通过公型和母型螺纹接头一即所谓的公螺纹件和母螺纹件装配在一起的管段构成。
为能进行装配工作,普遍使用润滑剂来促进接头的连接。通常使用的润滑剂内含有重金属一例如铅或铜的小颗粒。这些重金属对健康和环境有害。
除了存在污染的危险外,另一个必须解决的问题是对润滑剂的量的确定,因为接头的性能对所述量的变化非常敏感。
通常,由于比必须用量少的润滑剂不能保证正确的润滑并且不能支承由外螺纹和内螺纹之间的干涉产生的高接触压力,所以会产生磨损。
与上述问题相反的另一问题出现在对润滑剂(dope)的使用上,即所谓的“过涂”或者润滑剂过量,这使得在旋拧接头的过程中难以处理管段上螺纹端部过量的润滑剂。因此,残留的润滑剂在接头处产生高的压力。在特定的情况下,这种压力能使螺纹连接部的管段产生塑性变形,从而可能导致公螺纹件被毁坏。一旦出现所述现象,接头就丧失其有效性,从而必须更换管段和/或套管。
当没有足够的空间使润滑剂透过螺纹的空隙时,或者如果没有足够的空间使润滑剂流到连接部的外侧,就会出现残留。
上述问题在接头带有多个密封件的情况下更加严重。在这种情况下,润滑剂残留在两个密封件之间而不能流走,从而不能降低由此产生的高压。
上述问题的一种可能的解决方案是在两个密封件之间形成空隙以作为润滑剂的储存槽。
设置润滑剂储存槽的缺点在于:在密封件之间形成相当大的空隙会损失连续性,从而降低接头的性能。
即使涂敷合适量的润滑剂,也可能出现上述问题,这主要是由于润滑剂在接头的整个区域上分布不均匀。
在这点上,必须考虑到涂敷润滑剂的操作是当将管线向井内放时在钻井平台上进行的,从而时间和资源成本特别高。频繁出现的不利的环境条件使得投配精确量的润滑剂以及将润滑剂涂敷到螺纹部都成问题。
为达到被发现的烃沉积所在的更大深度,正如由用于原油开采的(管件的)壁厚的增长所示出的,市场上需要的性能等级不断提高。
为解决以上问题,已经就润滑剂的用量和容纳润滑剂的空间的尺寸提出了解决方案。
US专利No.US4830411已经提出了一种解决上述润滑剂残留问题的方案,该方案将外螺纹和内螺纹之间的空隙的尺寸固定在最小值。所述值固定为0.6mm2/螺距。润滑剂可以在所述空隙内膨胀,从而避免残留问题。
如专利文献WO0066928所公开的,当管道在压缩状态下工作时,提高接头性能的另一种方法是减小外螺纹和内螺纹的锐角侧之间的间隙,该文献为所述螺纹间隙推荐的值是0.002英寸(对应于0.05mm)。因此,例如对于TPI(每英寸的螺纹数)为6且每个螺纹高1mm的螺纹接头,根据US专利No.US-A-4830411的教导,外螺纹以及内螺纹上的空隙必须为至少0.26mm以便避免润滑剂的压力问题。因此,螺纹上总的空隙为外螺纹管的外侧和内螺纹管的内侧之间的0.52mm的直径差。
接头的关键/临界截面(critical section)的面积是一环形区域的面积,所述面积对于公螺纹件和母螺纹件是不同的。对于公螺纹件,所述环形区域的面积由管件的内径(ID)以及由最后的螺纹所接合的凹槽的直径限定;而对于母螺纹件,所述环形区域的面积由管件外径(OD)以及由最后的螺纹所接合凹槽的直径限定。
因此,如果将管件的OD和ID值看作恒定值,则公螺纹件外侧和母螺纹件内侧之间的所述0.52mm的差值会降低接头的性能。
此外,由于螺纹刺入侧(stabbing side)的大的间隙,当施加压缩载荷时,该螺纹部不工作。
因此,很明显,防止润滑剂的压力问题以及实现接头的高性能是截然相反的两项必要条件。
发明内容
本发明的主要目的是消除以上缺点。
本发明的一个目的是提供一种使用干性润滑剂的管接头。
当管件制造结束时在与接头相配合的部分使用干性润滑剂的好处是避免了在操作过程中对润滑操作的需要。
由于不需要空间来容纳过量的润滑剂,因此可以优化接头的几何形状、螺纹的尺寸和公差,从而减小空隙并因此提高接头的性能。
本发明的另一目的是优化接头的所有尺寸,以便减小接头中空隙的总体积。
对螺纹和接头的最优几何形状和尺寸特征的恰当的大小设定总体上由公式NVV[cm3]≤4×OD[inch]限定,其中,NVV是公螺纹件和母螺纹件之间的空隙的标称空隙容积,OD是管件的标称外径。
根据本发明的接头的解决方案,该接头关键区域面积的增加可大于3%。
附图说明
图1示出普遍用在原油开采工业中的接头;
图2、3、4和6为接头部分的放大的视图;
图5示出总体尺寸略大于管件体部的几乎齐平的接头的优选实施例;
图7示出带螺纹的拼装接头,其在螺纹区域的端部设有第一金属对金属的垫圈和密封圈;以及
图8示出完全齐平的接头,即其整体尺寸等于管件体部的尺寸。
具体实施方式
图1所示为一接头,该接头包括带有外螺纹3的公构件或公螺纹件1和带有内螺纹4的母构件或母螺纹件2。
通过对确定接头的最佳尺寸进行准确的研究,已经证明可定义管件的各种不同参数间的数学关系。
应当考虑的干性润滑剂的涂层厚度在5μm至30μm之间。
在位于轴向平面的接头截面中相互接合的螺纹间的自由空隙的面积gT小于0.4 mm2/螺距。
gT≤0.4mm2/螺距
所述自由空隙在图2中由标号5示出。该自由空隙的面积可例如借助CAD计算,或者认为是图3所示的理想空隙6的面积。
如果考虑TPI为4且齿高为1.5mm的螺纹,则由厚度为30μm的涂层所填充的面积大约是0.3mm2。因此,为防止螺纹侧部之间任何不希望的接触,所述面积最大固定为0.4mm2
第二关系在标称空隙容积NVV和以英寸表示的管件标称外径OD之间限定,该关系由下面的公式表示:
NVV[cm3]≤4×OD[inch]
标称空隙容积是接头内空隙大小的量度。
应当通过计算两个距离最远的密封件之间的空隙来计算参数NVV的值。
计算所述空隙的大小应当考虑:
√当两个螺纹相互接合成标称构型时在螺纹侧部上螺纹牙顶和根部之间的有效空隙。用下列公式进行计算:
GT=gT×(PTL+ITL×k)×TPI
其中,GT是螺纹中总的空隙面积[mm2]
PTL是完全螺纹的长度[in]
ITL是不完全螺纹的长度[in]
TPI是每英寸的螺纹数[in-1]
k是当螺纹牙顶被切除时使不完全螺纹中的空隙大于完全螺纹中的空隙的常数。在上述的公式中,k的值为5,并且是通过模拟不完全螺纹部分的螺纹接合而计算得到的。
√图4所示接头的标号为7的其它空隙GC应当在公构件和母构件配合成标称构型时计算。在这种情况下,标称空隙容积NVV为:
NVV = π ( G T [ m m 2 ] + G C [ m m 2 ] ) × OD[in]×25.4[ mm in ]
第三关系在标称空隙容积NVV、直径OD和管件体部的标称厚度Wt之间限定。如前面的计算所得的所述标称空隙容积(NVV)应当满足下式:
NVV [ c m 3 ] OD [ inch ] × Wt [ mm ] ≤ 1
由于必须考虑到NVV表示固定容积(主要是在密封区域和不完全螺纹区域)以及随完全螺纹的长度增加的线性值的总和,因此Wt出现在根号下面。
因此,由基于不同壁厚的不同螺纹长度导致的空隙容积的增加可以通过平方根得到较好地近似,这主要是因为如果与接头内总的空隙容积相比,每个单独的螺距的空隙容积很小。
所述参数的值如表1所示。
图5中示出接头的另一优选实施例。
该图示出具有中间台肩和两段锥形螺纹的接头,该接头特别用于与干性润滑剂一起使用。
在所述接头中,所述两段在直径上呈现8.5%的锥度值,并具有如图6所示的螺纹外形,其中角度α为4°、角度β为20°。
根据所述有利的实施例,上述参数采用下列值:
Figure C20048000402500082
图7示出根据本发明的接头的另一优选实施例。所述结构涉及一种具有单段锥形螺纹的拼装螺纹接头。该接头包括设置在与外螺纹管的突出部相对应的位置的用来靠接的台肩、位于螺纹区域的金属对金属的密封件和环封垫圈。在TPI为5的情况下螺纹的锥度为6.25%,在TPI为4的情况下螺纹的锥度为8.5%。螺纹的外形是API型锯齿螺纹外形的变型,其中负荷侧的角度为3°而导入侧的角度为25°。

Claims (6)

1.一种用于管件的螺纹接头,包括均在至少一端具有相应螺纹部的公螺纹件(1、1’、1”)和母螺纹件(2、2’、2”),其中,在所述的相应螺纹部上涂覆有厚度在5μm和30μm之间的干性润滑剂层,并且公螺纹件和母螺纹件之间的空隙(5、7)的标称空隙容积(NVV)的大小满足下列公式:
NVV[cm3]≤4×OD[inch]
其中,OD是所述管件的标称外径。
2.一种根据权利要求1所述的螺纹接头,其特征在于,所述空隙(5、7)的标称空隙容积NVV的大小满足下列公式:
NVV [ cm 3 ] OD [ inch ] × Wt [ mm ] ≤ 1
其中,Wt是所述管件的壁厚。
3.一种根据权利要求2所述的螺纹接头,其特征在于,在位于轴向平面的接头截面中相互接合的螺纹间的自由空隙(5)的面积gT小于0.4mm2/螺距。
4.一种根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的螺纹接头,其特征在于,所述公螺纹件和母螺纹件均设有至少一个密封元件。
5.一种根据权利要求4所述的螺纹接头,其特征在于,所述公螺纹件具有两段截头圆锥形的外螺纹部(12、13),所述外螺纹部沿轴向排列并被一台肩(9’)分隔开;所述母螺纹件具有两段截头圆锥形的内螺纹部(10、11),所述内螺纹部沿轴向排列并被一在旋拧过程中作为止动器的台肩(9”)分隔开。
6.一种根据权利要求4所述的螺纹接头,其特征在于,所述公螺纹件具有截头圆锥形的外螺纹部,所述母螺纹件具有截头圆锥形的内螺纹部,并且所述公螺纹件和母螺纹件均具有布置在所述螺纹部的至少一个相应端部的台肩,该台肩在拼装过程中用于进行靠接。
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EP2006589B1 (en) * 2007-06-22 2011-08-31 Tenaris Connections Aktiengesellschaft Threaded joint with energizable seal
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JP5950910B2 (ja) 2010-07-20 2016-07-13 テナリス・コネクシヨンズ・リミテツドTenaris Connections Limited 改善された密閉性、潤滑特性および耐腐食性を有する継手
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MXPA05008576A (es) 2006-02-28
CN1748106A (zh) 2006-03-15
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DE602004010076D1 (de) 2007-12-27
PE20040744A1 (es) 2004-12-13
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NO20054187D0 (no) 2005-09-09
EA007133B1 (ru) 2006-06-30
AU2004211486A1 (en) 2004-08-26
BRPI0407502B1 (pt) 2018-02-14
OA13025A (en) 2006-11-10
JO2350B1 (en) 2006-06-28
EG23724A (en) 2007-06-27
ECSP055966A (es) 2006-03-01
CA2515176A1 (en) 2004-08-26
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ITRM20030065A1 (it) 2004-08-14
BRPI0407502A (pt) 2006-02-14
AR044536A1 (es) 2005-09-21
AU2004211486B2 (en) 2008-07-31
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JP2006515394A (ja) 2006-05-25
WO2004072533A1 (en) 2004-08-26
US20040183297A1 (en) 2004-09-23
US6921110B2 (en) 2005-07-26
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NO20054187L (no) 2005-11-08
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EP1599689B1 (en) 2007-11-14
ATE378541T1 (de) 2007-11-15

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