CN100372277C - Space time separation soft inputting and outputting detecting method based on spatial domain prewhitening mergence - Google Patents
Space time separation soft inputting and outputting detecting method based on spatial domain prewhitening mergence Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a soft-input soft-output detection method for the separation of space and time based on the prewhitening mergence of the spatial domain, particularly to a soft-input soft-output detection method for the separation of space and time based on the prewhitening mergence of the spatial domain in a multi-aerial wireless communication system, which belongs to the technical field of high speed wireless transmission and reception. The detection method executes detection by using fading blocks as units and comprises the following two steps: 1, space and time are matched and merged based on the prewhitening of the spatial domain; 2, the soft-input soft-output separation of space and time is detected, wherein step 2 detects the separation of space and time according to signals xk on all aerials at the time of k after mergence obtained in step 1, an equivalent channel matrix G0, an interference coefficient matrix G-bar and an equivalent noise variance matrix sigma, namely that interference signals at different time are eliminated in a soft interference method, and signals at the same time of day on different aerials are processed by other methods. Compared with a detector based on the matched and merged separation of space and time, the detection method for the separation of time and space based on the prewhitening mergence in the spatial domain can obtain better performance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention discloses a space-time separation soft input and soft output detection method based on space domain prewhitening combination in a multi-antenna wireless communication system, and belongs to the technical field of high-speed wireless transmission and reception.
Background
Using multiple antenna transmission and multiple antenna reception in a wireless communication system, the transmission capability of the communication system can theoretically be multiplied. However, at the receiving end of a multi-antenna wireless communication system, there is signal interference in the spatial domain, i.e., between antennas. In the case of multicarrier transmission using a single carrier of a wide band or a wide subband, a radio channel of each carrier becomes a frequency selective channel, that is, intersymbol interference at different times exists. Therefore, in the environment of frequency selective channel, the receiving end of the multi-antenna system has both signal interference between different antennas and signal interference at different times, and also has additive white gaussian noise. Therefore, at the receiving end, it is necessary to suppress interference signals and additive noise in two dimensions of the spatial domain and the time domain to obtain an estimate of the transmitted signal, and soft information is obtained by soft demodulation in an error control coding system of soft decision decoding and sent to a decoder.
The detection method in the environment with both symbol interference between antennas and symbol interference at different time is mainly based on the maximum a posteriori probability (MAP) criterion algorithm and the detector based on the linear filtering and interference elimination method such as Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) criterion. MAP detection performs optimally, but is the most complex, with complexity that is not achievable in the case of a large number of antennas or multipaths. In the rayleigh fading channel environment with small spatial correlation, the detector of the MMSE criterion can also obtain the performance close to the MAP detection, but in the environment with large spatial correlation of the channel, the performance difference between MMSE and MAP detection is large. By utilizing the characteristics of different correlation characteristics of a frequency selective MIMO channel space domain and a time domain, a space-time separation detector can be adopted to perform different processing on interference signals at different moments and signals of different antennas at the same moment, soft interference elimination is performed on the interference signals at different moments, and higher-performance detection based on MAP or MMSE and the like is performed on the signals on different antennas at the same moment.
Generally, before performing space-time separation detection, a receiving end first performs space-time matching on a received signal. And part of information amount is often lost in the space-time matching and combining process, and especially, ideal performance cannot be obtained under the condition that the spatial correlation factor of the MIMO channel is large. The design of the detection method which can approach a soft-input soft-output detector based on the MAP criterion in various channel environments, especially in the channel environment with large spatial correlation factors and/or serious direct path components, and keeps relatively low complexity is a key problem for determining whether the multi-antenna technology can be finally applied to a practical system.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem is as follows: the invention aims to provide a space-time separation soft input and soft output detection method based on space domain prewhitening in a multi-antenna wireless communication system, which has the characteristic of low performance robustness and complexity and meets the requirements of a wireless communication system receiver on high performance and low processing complexity.
The technical scheme is as follows: the invention provides a space-time separation detection method based on spatial domain pre-whitening matching combination, which is a soft input and soft output detection method designed for an iterative receiving method of a coded MIMO transmission system under a frequency selective channel.
The detection method is used for detecting in units of fading blocks and comprises the following two steps:
1. ) Based on spatial domain pre-whitening space-time matching combination, the step is divided into three following sub-steps,
1.1 L-path spatial interference noise square difference matrix is calculated from the received signal and the signal variance constructed from the prior information:
1.2 Computing output x of spatial pre-whitening spatio-temporal matching combining k ：
1.3 Computing an equivalent channel matrix G 0 Matrix of interference coefficients
And an equivalent noise variance matrix sigma;
2) Soft input and soft output space-time separation detection: the step is carried out according to the signals X on all the antennas at the combined k moment obtained in the step 1.) k Equivalent channel matrix G 0 Matrix of interference coefficients
And the equivalent noise variance matrix sigma, the space-time separation detection is carried out, namely, the soft interference elimination is carried out on the interference signals at different moments, and other methods are adopted to process the signals on different antennas at the same moment.
In the soft input and soft output space-time separation detection step, a space-time separation detection method of space-domain filtering is adopted, namely in the soft input and soft output space-time separation detection step, soft interference elimination is carried out on interference signals at different moments, and linear filtering of the minimum mean square error criterion is adopted on signals on different antennas at the same moment.
The soft input soft output space-time separation detection step adopts a space-time separation detection method of the maximum posterior probability of a space domain, namely in the soft input soft output space-time separation detection step, the soft interference elimination is carried out on the interference signals at different moments, and the detection method of the maximum posterior probability criterion is adopted on the signals on different antennas at the same moment.
Has the advantages that: the invention provides a space-time separation detection method based on space domain prewhitening for a multi-antenna wireless communication system under a frequency selective channel. The space-time separation detection method based on the space-domain pre-whitening matching combination space-domain MMSE filtering can approach the performance of the space-time MMSE detection method in various channels, and the complexity is far lower than that of the space-time MMSE detection method. The space-time separation detection method of the space domain MAP based on the space domain pre-whitening matching combination can approach the performance of the space-time MAP detection method in various channels, and the complexity is far lower than that of the space-time MAP detection method.
Description of the drawings:
fig. 1 is a block diagram of an iterative receiver of a coded multi-antenna communication system and a space-time separation detection method based on spatial domain pre-whitening matching combining.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a space-time separation detection method based on spatial domain pre-whitening combining for soft input and soft output.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the invention provides a space-time separation detection method based on spatial domain prewhitening matching combination, which is suitable for an iterative detection/decoding receiver of a multi-antenna system under a frequency selective channel. The method has the characteristics of low complexity, low performance and robustness. The specific implementation mode is as follows:
1) The parameters of the receiver, such as the number of transmit antennas, the number of receive antennas, the maximum number of multipaths of the channel, the error control coding scheme, etc., are specified according to the system requirements. In the embodiment, the number of the selected transmitting antennas is 4, the number of the selected receiving antennas is 4, the number of the multipath of the channel is 6, and the error control coding mode is a Turbo code with a code rate of 1/2.
2) The criterion adopted by the space-time separation detection method is determined according to the requirement of the receiving end on complexity and performance, and a spatial domain MMSE detector is adopted in the embodiment. The number of iterations between the detector and the decoder is fixed, and the detector can also internally perform its own iterations. In the example, the number of iterations of the detector itself when initially detecting the coding iteration is 2. The number of iterations between the detector and decoder is 3.
3) According to the technical scheme, a space-time separation soft input and soft output detector based on space-domain pre-whitening matching combination is designed, the detector works by taking a block as a unit, and the specific steps are as follows.
3.1 The space-time matching and combining step based on spatial domain pre-whitening is completed for the baseband received signal according to the method described in the technical scheme 1.
3.2 For each time k, the space-time separation detection of the space domain MMSE of the signals sent on all antennas at the time k is completed according to the method described in technical scheme 2, and an output result is obtained.
3.3 If the detector iterates on its own, it outputs the expectation and variance of the resulting reconstructed signal, repeating steps 3.1) and 3.2); if the detector and the decoder are iterated, the output result is output to the decoder, and the steps of 3.1) and 3.2) are repeated when the decoder completes decoding or the final result of the receiver is output.
The number of transmitting antennas is set to be N, the number of receiving antennas is set to be M, and the number of channel paths is set to be L. In the frequency selective channel, the transmitted signal on the nth transmitting antenna is S at time k n，k And the received signal on the m-th receiving antenna is r m，k The channel response from the nth transmitting antenna to the mth receiving antenna on the l path is h m，n.l Then the baseband signal wirelessly transmitted through the MIMO channel can be used [ equation 1]To express.
Wherein z is m，k Additive gaussian noise on the mth receive antenna at time k. Expressions written as matrices and vectors
Wherein r is k ＝[r 1，k ，r 2，k ，…，r M，k ] T ，s k ＝[S 1，k ，s 2，k ，…，S N，k ] T ，z k ＝[z 1，k ，z 2，k ，…，z M，k ] T ，
The space-time separation soft-input soft-output detection method based on space-domain pre-whitening for a multi-antenna wireless communication system is characterized in that the detection method uses a fading block as a unit for detection, the block length is set to be K, and the detector comprises a space-time pre-whitening based space-time matching combination step and a soft-input soft-output space-time separation detection step. We describe these two steps in detail below.
1. Space-domain-based pre-whitening space-time matching and combining step
The method comprises the steps of firstly prewhitening a received signal through a space domain according to a variance matrix of an interference signal and additive white noise, then carrying out space-time matching and combining on the prewhitened received signal, and simultaneously calculating an equivalent channel matrix, a coefficient matrix of the interference signal and an equivalent noise variance matrix. The method can be divided into the following three sub-steps:
(1.1) spatial interference noise variance matrix calculation
In this sub-step, the L-path spatial interference noise variance is calculated based on the received signal and a priori soft informationAnd (5) arraying. Let sigma s，n，k 2 Signal s reconstructed for a priori information n，k Variance of (2), order
And
diag {. Cndot. } denotesOperations that arrange the elements in parentheses into a diagonal matrix. Then calculate
(1.2) calculating the output x of the spatial domain pre-whitening space-time merging step k ，k＝1，…，K。
(1.3) calculating an equivalent channel matrix G 0 Matrix of interference coefficients
And the equivalent noise variance matrix sigma.
Order to
2. Soft input soft output space-time separation detection step
Detection of spatio-temporal separation at soft-input and soft-outputAnd a measuring step, firstly, when the transmitting signals on each antenna at the k moment are detected, the interference signals at other moments are subjected to soft interference elimination. The signal expectation Es reconstructed by using prior information is needed in interference elimination n，k ]Sum variance σ s，n，k 2 Results after interference cancellation
And the transmitted signal vector 8 k The relationship between the two is as in [ equation 6 ]]As shown.
[ equation 6)]
And calculating an equivalent noise variance matrix:
After the interference cancellation is completed, according to [ equation 6 ]]The expressed k-time transmitting signal vector and the k-time interference offset result
The relationship between, and [ equation 7 ]]The expressed equivalent noise variance matrix can carry out detection of different criteria on the transmitted signal vector, such as detection of MMSE criterion and detection of MAP criterion.
3. Working principle of detection method
In an iterative detection decoding receiver, a space-time detection method based on spatial domain pre-whitening matching combination can reconstruct expectation and variance of an interference signal from information fed back by a decoder, iterate between the decoder, and reconstruct the expectation and variance of the signal according to an output result obtained by the detector, and iterate in the detector.
Claims (3)
1. A space-time separation soft input and soft output detection method based on spatial domain pre-whitening combination is characterized in that the detection method takes a fading block as a unit for detection and comprises the following two steps:
1. ) Based on spatial domain pre-whitening space-time matching combination, the step is divided into three following sub-steps,
1.1 The L-path space domain interference noise square difference matrix is calculated according to the received signal and the signal variance constructed by the prior information:
1.2 Output x) of the computation of spatial domain pre-whitening spatio-temporal matching combining k ：
1.3 Computing an equivalent channel matrix G 0 Matrix of interference coefficients
And an equivalent noise variance matrix sigma;
2) Soft input and soft output space-time separation detection: the step is carried out according to the signals x on all the antennas at the combined k moment obtained in the step 1.) k Equivalent channel matrix G 0 Matrix of interference coefficients
Performing space-time separation detection with the equivalent noise variance matrix sigma, namely performing soft interference elimination on interference signals at different moments, and processing the signals on different antennas at the same moment by adopting a minimum mean square error criterion or a maximum posterior probability criterion; in the above steps:
2. A space-time separation soft-input soft-output detection method based on spatial domain pre-whitening according to claim 1, characterized in that the soft-input soft-output space-time separation detection step adopts a space-time separation detection method of spatial filtering, i.e. in the soft-input soft-output space-time separation detection step, the soft interference cancellation is performed on the interference signals at different times, and the linear filtering of the minimum mean square error criterion is applied to the signals on different antennas at the same time.
3. A space-time separation soft-input soft-output detection method based on spatial domain pre-whitening according to claim 1, characterized in that the soft-input soft-output space-time separation detection step adopts a space-time separation detection method with a spatial domain maximum a posteriori probability, i.e. in the soft-input soft-output space-time separation detection step, the soft interference cancellation is performed on the interference signals at different times, and the detection method with a maximum a posteriori probability criterion is applied on the signals on different antennas at the same time.
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| US6888809B1 (en) * | 2000-01-13 | 2005-05-03 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Space-time processing for multiple-input, multiple-output, wireless systems |
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| US20050232370A1 (en) * | 2004-04-14 | 2005-10-20 | Trachewsky Jason A | Long training sequence for MIMO WLAN systems |
| CN1691539A (en) * | 2004-04-30 | 2005-11-02 | 皇家飞利浦电子股份有限公司 | Universal MIMO combined detecting method and apparatus for MIMO wireless communication system |
| CN1725667A (en) * | 2004-07-23 | 2006-01-25 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Method of receiving radio transmission by multiple antenna array |
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| US6888809B1 (en) * | 2000-01-13 | 2005-05-03 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Space-time processing for multiple-input, multiple-output, wireless systems |
| CN1618194A (en) * | 2001-12-07 | 2005-05-18 | 高通股份有限公司 | Time-domain transmit and receive processing with channel eigen-mode decomposition for systems |
| US20050232370A1 (en) * | 2004-04-14 | 2005-10-20 | Trachewsky Jason A | Long training sequence for MIMO WLAN systems |
| CN1691539A (en) * | 2004-04-30 | 2005-11-02 | 皇家飞利浦电子股份有限公司 | Universal MIMO combined detecting method and apparatus for MIMO wireless communication system |
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