Summary of the invention
The present invention aims to provide the preparation method of a kind of raw material cheapness, technology is simple, yield is high (S)-3-hydroxyl-gamma-butyrolactone (4).
Reaction equation of the present invention is as follows:
Concrete steps of the present invention are as follows:
1), (2R, 3R)-preparation of 2-sulfonyloxy-3-hydroxyl-gamma-butyrolactone (2)
With (2R, 3R)-2,3-dihydroxyl-gamma-butyrolactone (1) is dissolved in the methylene dichloride, make the solution of 0.1~0.5 mol, after being cooled to 0 ℃ with ice-water bath, be added dropwise to and be equivalent to (2R, 3R)-2, a kind of organic base acid-capture agent of (1) 0.9~1.8 times of molar weight of 3-dihydroxyl-gamma-butyrolactone adds and is equivalent to (2R, 3R)-2, the sulfonylation agent of (1) 0.9~1.4 times of molar weight of 3-dihydroxyl-gamma-butyrolactone is complete to feedstock conversion, and solids removed by filtration obtains (2R after steaming desolventizes, 3R)-and 2-sulfonyloxy-3-hydroxyl-gamma-butyrolactone (2) crude product, be directly used in next step reaction;
2), (2S, 3R)-preparation of 2 halogen-3-hydroxyl-gamma-butyrolactone (3)
With above-mentioned (2R, 3R)-2-sulfonyloxy-3-hydroxyl-gamma-butyrolactone (2) is dissolved in the organic solvent, make the solution of 0.8~2.0 mol, add again and be equivalent to (2R, 3R)-alkali metal halide of 2-sulfonyloxy-(2) 0.9~1.5 times of molar weights of 3-hydroxyl-gamma-butyrolactone, reaction mixture under refluxad finishes to feedstock conversion, after boiling off solvent, the adding quality is (2R, 3R)-ethyl acetate extraction of (2) 30~50 times of 2-sulfonyloxies-3-hydroxyl-gamma-butyrolactone 2~3 times, remove under reduced pressure gained behind the solvent (2S, 3R)-2-halo-3-hydroxyl-gamma-butyrolactone (3) crude product is directly used in next step reaction;
3), the preparation of (S) 3-hydroxyl-gamma-butyrolactone (4)
With above-mentioned product (2S, 3R)-2-halo-3-hydroxyl-gamma-butyrolactone (3) is dissolved in the organic solvent, make the solution of 0.5~1.2 mol, add then and be equivalent to (2S, 3R)-dehalogenate activator of 2-halo-3-hydroxyl-gamma-butyrolactone (3) 0.5%~10% molar weights, reaction mixture is at the hydrogen pressure of 100~500kPa, complete in 20~80 ℃ to raw material reaction, behind the elimination solid, the pressure reducing and steaming solvent, through column chromatography or underpressure distillation purifying, get (S)-3-hydroxyl-gamma-butyrolactone (4) again.
In step 1), with (2R, 3R)-2,3-dihydroxyl-gamma-butyrolactone (1) is dissolved in the methylene dichloride, makes the solution of 0.2~0.3 mol.After being cooled to 0 ℃ with ice-water bath, be added dropwise to and be equivalent to (2R, 3R)-2, a kind of organic base acid-capture agent of (1) 1.1~1.5 times of molar weight of 3-dihydroxyl-gamma-butyrolactone, said organic base acid-capture agent is selected from tertiary amine or the pyridine that alkyl carbon chain is C1~C3, tertiary amine or the pyridine of preferred C2~C3; Add again and be equivalent to (2R; 3R)-2; the sulfonylation agent of (1) 1.0~1.2 times of molar weight of 3-dihydroxyl-gamma-butyrolactone; said sulfonylation agent is selected from alkyl sulfonyl chloride, aryl sulfonyl chloride, perfluorinated sulfonic acid acid anhydride or the sulfur oxychloride of C1~C3, alkyl sulfonyl chloride or the aryl sulfonyl chloride of preferred C1~C2.
In step 2) in, with above-mentioned (2R, 3R)-2-sulfonyloxy-3-hydroxyl-gamma-butyrolactone (2) is dissolved in the organic solvent, make the solution of 1.0~1.5 mol, said organic solvent is selected from the organic acid of polar C1~C2, alcohol, dimethyl formamide or methyl-sulphoxide etc., organic acid or the alcohol of preferred C1~C2, add again and be equivalent to (2R, 3R)-alkali metal halide of 2-sulfonyloxy-(2) 1.0~1.3 times of molar weights of 3-hydroxyl-gamma-butyrolactone, said alkali metal halide is selected from lithium, the chlorine of sodium and potassium, the bromine or iodine thing, the bromine or iodine thing of preferred lithium and potassium.
In step 3), with above-mentioned product (2S, 3R)-2 halogen-3-hydroxyl-gamma-butyrolactone (3) is dissolved in the organic solvent, makes the solution of 0.8~1.0 mol.Said organic solvent is selected from the organic acid of polar C1~C3 or alcohol etc., organic acid or the alcohol of preferred C1~C2, add then and be equivalent to (2S, 3R)-dehalogenate activator of 2 halogen-3-hydroxyl-gamma-butyrolactone (3) 0.8%~5% molar weights, said dehalogenate activator is selected from the dispersion thing of nickel, palladium, platinum or lawrencium metal and oxide compound thereof, the dispersion thing of preferred nickel or metallic palladium and oxide compound thereof, reaction mixture is at the hydrogen pressure of 200~400kPa, and is complete to raw material reaction in 30~60 ℃.
(the 2R that the present invention obtains with the isoascorbic acid from cheapness; 3R)-3-dihydroxyl-gamma-butyrolactone (1) is a raw material; form (2R by the selectivity sulfonylation; 3R)-2-sulphur acyloxy-3-hydroxyl-gamma-butyrolactone (2); it further replaces with metal halide, obtain product (2S, 3R)-2-halo-3-hydroxyl-gamma-butyrolactone (3); carry out three reactions steps of catalytic hydrogenolysis dehalogenation at last, obtain (S)-3-hydroxyl-gamma-butyrolactone.This synthetic method mild condition, yield height, intermediate need not to separate, easy handling, and the optical purity height of product is a kind of convenience, economy, the method for synthetic (S)-3-hydroxyl-gamma-butyrolactone efficiently.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
Prepare (2R earlier, 3R)-2-sulfonyloxy-3-hydroxyl-gamma-butyrolactone (2), with (2R, 3R)-2,3-dihydroxyl-gamma-butyrolactone (1) is dissolved in the methylene dichloride, make the solution of 0.1 mol, be cooled to 0 ℃ with ice-water bath after, stir and to be added dropwise to the triethylamine that is equivalent to (1) 1.3 times of molar weight down; Add the sulfur oxychloride that is equivalent to (1) 1.1 times of molar weight again, it is complete that mixture is stirred to feedstock conversion, solids removed by filtration, after desolventizing, steaming obtains (2R, 3R)-2,3-dihydroxyl-gamma-butyrolactone Asia (2R, 3R)-2-sulfonyloxy-3-hydroxyl-gamma-butyrolactone (2) crude product, be directly used in next step reaction.
With above-mentioned (2R, 3R)-2-sulfonyloxy-3-hydroxyl-gamma-butyrolactone (2) is dissolved in the methyl alcohol, make the solution of 1.4 mol, add again and be equivalent to (2R, 3R)-lithium chloride of 2-sulfonyloxy-(2) 1.1 times of molar weights of 3-hydroxyl-gamma-butyrolactone, reaction mixture under refluxad is stirred to feedstock conversion and finishes, after boiling off solvent, the adding quality is (2R, 3R)-ethyl acetate extraction of (2) 50 times of 2-sulfonyloxies-3-hydroxyl-gamma-butyrolactone 2 times, (2S 3R)-(X=Cl) crude product of 2-chloro-3-hydroxyl-gamma-butyrolactone (3), is directly used in next step reaction to remove gained behind the solvent under reduced pressure.
Above-mentioned product (3) is dissolved in the methyl alcohol, make the solution of 0.6 mol, the dispersion thing that adds the nickel that is equivalent to (3) 5% molar weights then, reaction mixture is under the hydrogen pressure of 200kPa, and it is complete to be stirred to raw material reaction in 25 ℃, behind the elimination solid, the pressure reducing and steaming solvent, through column chromatography or underpressure distillation purifying, get (S)-3-hydroxyl-gamma-butyrolactone (4), productive rate 30%~85% again.[α]
D 20:-83.4 (c1.0, ethanol);
1HNMR (500MHZ, CDCl
3): δ (ppm): 2.499 (J 18.0 for d, 1H), 2.733 (dd, 1H, J18.0 and 6.0Hz), 3.517 (s, 1H), 4.289 (d, 1H, J10.0Hz), 4.401 (dd, 1H, J10.0 and 4.0Hz), 4.654 (m, 1H):
13CNMR (125MHZ, CDCl
3): δ (ppm): 177.6,76.7,67.6,37.9.
Embodiment 2
Similar to Example 1, its difference is first preparation (2S, 3R)-2-sulfonyloxy-3-hydroxyl-gamma-butyrolactone (2), with (2R, 3R)-2,3-dihydroxyl-gamma-butyrolactone (1) is dissolved in the methylene dichloride, makes the solution of 0.25 mol, after being cooled to 0 ℃ with ice-water bath, stirring and be added dropwise to the diisopropyl ethyl amine that is equivalent to (1) 1.2 times of molar weight down; Add the methylsulfonyl chloride that is equivalent to (1) 1.2 times of molar weight again, it is complete that mixture is stirred to feedstock conversion, solids removed by filtration, obtain after steaming desolventizes (2S, 3R)-2-mesyloxy-3-hydroxyl-gamma-butyrolactone (2) crude product, be directly used in next step reaction.
With above-mentioned (2R, 3R)-2-sulfonyloxy-3-hydroxyl-gamma-butyrolactone (2) is dissolved in the formic acid, make the solution of 1.5 mol, add again and be equivalent to (2R, 3R)-lithiumbromide of 2-sulfonyloxy-(2) 1.0 times of molar weights of 3-hydroxyl-gamma-butyrolactone, reaction mixture under refluxad is stirred to feedstock conversion and finishes, after boiling off solvent, the adding quality is (2R, 3R)-ethyl acetate extraction of 45 times of 2-sulfonyloxies-3-hydroxyl-gamma-butyrolactone 2 times, (2S 3R)-(X=Br) crude product of 2-bromo-3-hydroxyl-gamma-butyrolactone (3), is directly used in next step reaction to remove gained behind the solvent under reduced pressure.
Above-mentioned product (3) is dissolved in the ethanol, make the solution of 0.8 mol, the dispersion thing that adds the palladium that is equivalent to (3) 3% molar weights then, reaction mixture is under the hydrogen pressure of 250kPa, it is complete to be stirred to raw material reaction in 30 ℃, behind the elimination solid, and the pressure reducing and steaming solvent, through column chromatography or underpressure distillation purifying, get (S)-3-hydroxyl-gamma-butyrolactone (4) again.
Embodiment 3
Similar to Example 1, its difference is first preparation (2R, 3R)-2-sulfonyloxy-3-hydroxyl-gamma-butyrolactone (2), with (2R, 3R)-2,3-dihydroxyl-gamma-butyrolactone (1) is dissolved in the methylene dichloride, makes the solution of 0.3 mol, after being cooled to 0 ℃ with ice-water bath, stirring and be added dropwise to the pyridine that is equivalent to (1) 1.4 times of molar weight down; Add three fluorosulfonic anhydride that are equivalent to (1) 1.4 times of molar weight again, it is complete that mixture is stirred to feedstock conversion, and solids removed by filtration obtains (2S after steaming desolventizes, 3R)-and 2-trifluoro-methanesulfonyl oxy-3-hydroxyl-gamma-butyrolactone (2) crude product, be directly used in next step reaction.
With above-mentioned (2R, 3R)-2-sulfonyloxy-3-hydroxyl-gamma-butyrolactone (2) is dissolved in the acetate, make the solution of 1.3 mol, add again and be equivalent to (2R, 3R)-lithium iodide of 2-sulfonyloxy-(2) 1.3 times of molar weights of 3-hydroxyl-gamma-butyrolactone, reaction mixture under refluxad is stirred to feedstock conversion and finishes, after boiling off solvent, the adding quality is (2R, 3R)-ethyl acetate extraction of 40 times of 2-sulfonyloxies-3-hydroxyl-gamma-butyrolactone 2 times, (2S 3R)-(X=I) crude product of 2-iodo-3-hydroxyl-gamma-butyrolactone (3), is directly used in next step reaction to remove gained behind the solvent under reduced pressure.
Above-mentioned product (3) is dissolved in the formic acid, make the solution of 0.9 mol, the dispersion thing that adds the nickel that is equivalent to (3) 8% molar weights then, reaction mixture is under the hydrogen pressure of 400kPa, it is complete to be stirred to raw material reaction in 50 ℃, behind the elimination solid, and the pressure reducing and steaming solvent, through column chromatography or underpressure distillation purifying, get (S)-3-hydroxyl-gamma-butyrolactone (4) again.
Embodiment 4
Similar to Example 1, its difference is first preparation (2R, 3R)-2-sulfonyloxy-3-hydroxyl-gamma-butyrolactone (2), with (2R, 3R)-2,3-dihydroxyl-gamma-butyrolactone (1) is dissolved in the methylene dichloride, makes the solution of 0.35 mol, after being cooled to 0 ℃ with ice-water bath, stirring and be added dropwise to the diisopropyl ethyl amine that is equivalent to (1) 1.0 times of molar weight down; Add the methylsulfonyl chloride that is equivalent to (1) 1.4 times of molar weight again, it is complete that mixture is stirred to feedstock conversion, solids removed by filtration, obtain after steaming desolventizes (2S, 3R)-2-mesyloxy-3-hydroxyl-gamma-butyrolactone (2) crude product, be directly used in next step reaction.
With above-mentioned (2R, 3R)-2-sulfonyloxy-3-hydroxyl-gamma-butyrolactone (2) is dissolved in the Virahol, make the solution of 0.8 mol, add again and be equivalent to (2R, 3R)-Potassium Bromide of 2-sulfonyloxy-(2) 1.2 times of molar weights of 3-hydroxyl-gamma-butyrolactone, reaction mixture under refluxad is stirred to feedstock conversion and finishes, after boiling off solvent, the adding quality is (2R, 3R)-ethyl acetate extraction of 35 times of 2-sulfonyloxies-3-hydroxyl-gamma-butyrolactone 2 times, (2S 3R)-(X=Br) crude product of 2-bromo-3-hydroxyl-gamma-butyrolactone (3), is directly used in next step reaction to remove gained behind the solvent under reduced pressure.
Above-mentioned product (3) is dissolved in the acetate, make the solution of 1.0 mol, the dispersion thing that adds the platinum oxide that is equivalent to (3) 0.5% molar weights then, reaction mixture is under the hydrogen pressure of 500kPa, it is complete to be stirred to raw material reaction in 40 ℃, behind the elimination solid, and the pressure reducing and steaming solvent, through column chromatography or underpressure distillation purifying, get (S)-3-hydroxyl-gamma-butyrolactone (4) again.
Embodiment 5
Similar to Example 1, its difference is first preparation (2R, 3R)-2-sulfonyloxy-3-hydroxyl-gamma-butyrolactone (2), with (2R, 3R)-2,3-dihydroxyl-gamma-butyrolactone (1) is dissolved in the methylene dichloride, makes the solution of 0.4 mol, after being cooled to 0 ℃ with ice-water bath, stirring and be added dropwise to the triethylamine that is equivalent to (1) 1.6 times of molar weight down; Add the Tosyl chloride that is equivalent to (1) 0.9 times of molar weight again, it is complete that mixture is stirred to feedstock conversion, and solids removed by filtration obtains (2S after steaming desolventizes, 3R)-and 2-tolysulfonyl oxygen base-3-hydroxyl-gamma-butyrolactone (2) crude product, be directly used in next step reaction.
With above-mentioned (2R, 3R)-2-sulfonyloxy-3-hydroxyl-gamma-butyrolactone (2) is dissolved in the dimethyl formamide, make the solution of 1.6 mol, add again and be equivalent to (2R, 3R)-potassiumiodide of 2-sulfonyloxy-(2) 0.9 times of molar weights of 3-hydroxyl-gamma-butyrolactone, reaction mixture under refluxad is stirred to feedstock conversion and finishes, after boiling off solvent, the adding quality is (2R, 3R)-ethyl acetate extraction of 30 times of 2-sulfonyloxies-3-hydroxyl-gamma-butyrolactone 2 times, (2S 3R)-(X=I) crude product of 2-iodo-3-hydroxyl-gamma-butyrolactone (3), is directly used in next step reaction to remove gained behind the solvent under reduced pressure.
Above-mentioned product (3) is dissolved in the methyl alcohol, make the solution of 1.2 mol, the dispersion thing that adds the lawrencium that is equivalent to (3) 10% molar weights then, reaction mixture is under the hydrogen pressure of 450kPa, it is complete to be stirred to raw material reaction in 60 ℃, behind the elimination solid, and the pressure reducing and steaming solvent, through column chromatography or underpressure distillation purifying, get (S)-3-hydroxyl-gamma-butyrolactone (4) again.