Background technology
Along with developing of automobile industry, whole world automobile pollution increases sharply.Being increased in of automobile pollution also aggravated social concerns such as petroleum resources shortage, the deterioration of the ecological environment when facilitating economic and social development, energy-conservation and environmental protection has become the two principal themes of automotive engineering development.Replacing the hybrid-electric car of traditional combustion engine car transition vehicle as electric automobile is the trend of present automobile industry development, because Vehicular battery is the core technology of development hybrid-electric car technology, therefore be accompanied by the arriving of hybrid-electric car research and development upsurge, the development of Vehicular battery more and more receives the concern of domestic and international battery producer.
As Vehicular battery, to compare with traditional lead-acid battery, Ni-MH battery, lithium ion battery has been subjected to the great attention that United States advanced battery association, Europe and Japan go together with series of advantages such as its high-energy, high power, long-lives in recent years.People the performance of hybrid-electric car near and the hope that surpasses internal-combustion engines vehicle place on one's body the lithium ion battery.
Lithium ion battery uses the composite oxides of lithium and transition metal as positive active material, and carbon-based material is as negative electrode active material.During charging, lithium ion is deviate from by electrolyte, barrier film to be embedded into negative pole by positive pole, and during discharge, lithium ion is deviate from by electrolyte, barrier film to be embedded into positive pole by negative pole.
The tradition lithium ion battery comprises reels and two kinds of structures of lamination.Laminated construction is that positive and negative of battery is added the barrier film alignment, arranges by stacked, and the pole piece that will arrange (comprising lug), barrier film two ends are fixed with metallic plate then, and the battery that fixes is put into battery case.Adopt stacked structure, battery can be designed to arbitrary shape, and profile is more flexible, however this mode internal structure complexity, and all corresponding lug of each anodal negative film is unfavorable for industrialization.
Traditional winding-structure, battery plus-negative plate all have only a pole piece, together around changeing the core rotation, withdraw from the commentaries on classics core utmost point behind the coiling and can obtain battery roll core after both positive and negative polarity is separated by with barrier film.The method is useful in the small-capacity cells manufacturing, and during for preparation high capacity cell pole piece, pole piece is quite long, causes the pole piece manufacturing and the difficulty of reeling.
Hybrid-electric car requires to possess high power output to satisfy the requirement of operating modes such as automobile starting, acceleration with lithium ion battery, therefore the design principle of at first following when designing hybrid-electric car with lithium ion battery reduces the internal resistance of cell exactly, improves the fan-out capability of the big electric current of battery.
Hybrid-electric car requires battery to have good security performance with lithium ion battery, and the security performance of lithium ion battery is that to limit the principal element that it is widely used in automotive field, the especially lithium ion battery safety problem under abuse condition particularly outstanding.
As mentioned above, for the hybrid-electric car lithium ion battery, at first to satisfy the high-power and high-octane requirement of automobile, the increase that high power and high-energy correspondence battery size, the increase of battery weight and volume has reduced the effective rate of utilization of battery, the battery cost that has simultaneously also increased, the increase of battery cost has caused the increase of auto cost.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, lithium ion battery of the present invention is constituted by battery roll core 8, non-aqueous organic electrolyte and battery case 1.
Described battery roll core 8 serves as an axle core coiling and molding with positive terminal 10 after by the positive plate 801 of several layers, barrier film 802, negative plate 803 superimposition successively, and positive and negative plate 801,803 is separated by barrier film 802 avoids direct contact.Described anode pole piece and positive terminal one constitute anodal, and negative lug and negative plate one constitute negative pole.
Fig. 1 is the present invention's one specific embodiment: as shown in FIG., lithium ion battery of the present invention adopts cylindrical battery shell 1, and the battery cover 6 at battery case 1 two ends on battery case 1, has barrier film 802 to separate between positive plate 801 and the negative plate 803 by laser welding.Positive terminal 10 and negative terminal 4 lay respectively at the two ends of battery case 1.Positive plate 801 is fixed on the positive terminal 10 by trip bolt 14, and is fixing by clamp nut 11 between positive terminal 10 and the battery case 1, has insulation spacer 12 to separate between positive terminal 10 and the battery cover 6.Negative electrode lug 13 and negative plate 803 integrated designs, negative electrode lug 13 and negative terminal 4 are connected by nut, fixing between negative terminal 4 and the battery case 1 by clamp nut 3, there is insulation spacer 5 to separate between negative terminal 4 and the battery cover 6, separate by barrier film 802 between battery roll core 8 and the battery case 1, avoided battery case 1 charged, safety valve 2 has been set simultaneously at battery case 1 two ends respectively to improve battery safety.
The structure of battery roll core as shown in Figure 2, battery roll core has adopted a kind of novel lamination winding-structure, both having rolled up core is made up of multilayer positive plate 801, negative plate 803, barrier film 802, the superimposition of aliging in certain sequence of positive plate 801, negative plate 803, barrier film 802, barrier film 802 separates positive plate 801 with negative plate 803 avoids positive/negative plate directly to contact, then coiling and molding heat-sealing on the rich machine of special-purpose high power lithium ion cell volume.This winding-structure has solved the operating difficulties that traditional winding method causes because of pole piece is long, makes the coiling of the pole piece easy operating that becomes.Adopt thermal conductivity good metal aluminium as positive terminal 10 simultaneously, help the internal heat dissipating of battery, solved the bad problem of cylindrical battery heat radiation.Positive plate 801 and positive terminal 10, negative electrode lug 13 and negative plate 803 integrated designs have reduced the internal resistance that contacts between each parts, improve the big electric current fan-out capability of battery from the structural design angle.
Be coated on the aluminium foil after lithium ion cell positive of the present invention adopts positive active material, conductive agent, binding agent to mix and make, the percentage by weight of described each composition is: positive active material 70~95, conductive agent 7~15, binding agent 3~10.Described positive active material is the composite oxides of lithium and transition metal, and the composite oxides of this lithium and transition metal are cobalt acid lithium, modification cobalt acid lithium, LiMn2O4, modification LiMn2O4, lithium nickelate, modification lithium nickelate, LiFePO4 or modified phosphate iron lithium.
Be coated on the aluminium foil after lithium ion battery negative of the present invention adopts negative electrode active material, conductive agent, binding agent to mix and make, the percentage by weight of described each composition is---negative electrode active material 80~96, conductive agent 1~10, binding agent 2~10.Described negative electrode active material is a carbon-based material, and this carbon-based material is at least a in carbon fiber, carbonaceous mesophase spherules, coke, the synthetic graphite class.
Above-mentioned lithium ion cell positive and the conductive agent in the negative material all adopt acetylene black or graphite powder; The high-purity aluminum foil that adopts resists the electrochemical corrosion of inside battery.
In the positive and negative pole material design, at first align negative active core-shell material and carry out preferably, the prescription of its suboptimization positive and negative pole material reduces the internal resistance of cell from the material design point of view, improves the big electric current fan-out capability of battery.
Lithium ion battery separator provided by the invention is a kind of in polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP)/polyethylene (PE)/three layers of composite membrane of polypropylene (PP).
Lithium ion battery provided by the invention adopts non-aqueous organic electrolyte, and it is the mixed solution that contains lithium salts, phenyl material, organic solvent.The described lithium salts that contains is a kind of in lithium phosphate, the lithium borate; Described phenyl material is at least a in diphenyl carbonate, biphenol two aromatic oxides, biphenyl, naphthalene ethene, the ring ethylo benzene; Described organic solvent is the mixed solution of at least three kinds of solvents in ethylene carbonate (EC), methyl ethyl carbonate (EMC), propene carbonate (PC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), the dimethyl carbonate (DMC).
In sum, the present invention follows the design principle of advantages of simple in lithium ion battery structure and material design, the battery manufacturing technology is simple and reliable, and has low internal resistance for hybrid-electric car provides, the lithium ion battery of high power, high-energy, good safety energy.
The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiment:
Embodiment 1:
As shown in Figure 1, lithium ion battery of the present invention is made of battery case 1, positive plate 801, negative plate 803, barrier film 802, non-aqueous organic electrolyte; Manufacturing process is as follows:
1, the preparation of pole piece and barrier film
The preparation of positive plate: stir with adding N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) behind cobalt acid lithium 75 parts (percentage by weight), graphite powder 15 parts (percentage by weight), 10 parts of (percentage by weight) premixs of binding agent (PVDF), adjusting solid-to-liquid ratio makes viscosity be fit to apply, on coating machine, slurry evenly is coated in the two sides of aluminium foil, coated pole piece is carried out pressure rolling, cuts, oven dry.Pole piece is of a size of 750 * 230mm at last, totally 8.8 positive plates are fixed on the positive terminal.
The preparation of negative plate: stir with adding N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) behind carbonaceous mesophase spherules (MCMB) 80 parts (percentage by weight), graphite powder 10 parts (percentage by weight), 10 parts of (percentage by weight) premixs of binding agent (PVDF), adjusting solid-to-liquid ratio makes viscosity be fit to apply, on coating machine, slurry evenly is coated in the two sides of Copper Foil, coated pole piece is carried out pressure rolling, cuts, oven dry.Pole piece is of a size of 752 * 231mm at last, totally 8.Every negative plate is determined negative electrode lug in fixed position, pole piece side.
The preparation of barrier film: adopt polypropylene (PP)/polyethylene (PE)/three layers of composite diaphragm of polypropylene (PP).
2, the assembling of battery:
The barrier film of above-mentioned each 8 positive and negative plate and corresponding number is overlayed coiling and molding on the up-coiler successively by positive plate, barrier film, negative plate, barrier film, the volume core of coiling and molding is fixed in the battery case, and guarantee to roll up all not short circuits between the both positive and negative polarity of core and the housing three, with Laser Welding battery two lids are welded on the housing, and utilize effective leak hunting method to guarantee that the air-tightness of battery is good.
Battery after the Laser Welding was placed in the vacuum drying chamber about 80 ℃ of left and right sides vacuumizes about 8 hours, takes out after cooling to 40 ℃, filling contains the 1MLiPF of 5% (weight) naphthalene ethene in battery in vacuum fluid injection machine
6EC/EMC/DMC (1: 1: 1) electrolyte, after the taking-up with the sealing of the liquid injection hole of battery.
The battery weight 1.54kg that so obtains, cell 1C are charged to and leave standstill a period of time after constant voltage charge to electric current drops to 0.01C behind the 4.1V, and 1C is discharged to 3V thereafter.Battery specific energy 114Whkg
-1, internal resistance of single cell 2.8m Ω exports specific power 650Wkg continuously
-1, maximum impulse output specific power (60%SOC) 900Wkg
-1The cell constant current charge is not blasted on fire to 5V, the 1C discharge capacity of cell in the time of-20 ℃ is 95% of normal temperature 1C discharge capacity.
Embodiment 2
Battery structure among the embodiment 2 is same as the battery structure among the embodiment 1.
1, the preparation of pole piece and barrier film:
The preparation of positive plate: stir with adding N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) behind cobalt acid lithium 80 parts (percentage by weight), acetylene black 10 parts (percentage by weight), 10 parts of (percentage by weight) premixs of binding agent (PVDF), adjusting solid-to-liquid ratio makes viscosity be fit to apply, on coating machine, slurry evenly is coated in the two sides of aluminium foil, coated pole piece is carried out pressure rolling, cuts, oven dry.Pole piece is of a size of 748 * 228mm at last, totally 8.8 positive plates are fixed on the positive terminal.
The preparation of negative plate: stir with adding N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) behind carbonaceous mesophase spherules (MCMB) 90 parts (percentage by weight), graphite powder 3 parts (percentage by weight), composite graphite (KS-6) 2 parts (percentage by weight), 5 parts of (percentage by weight) premixs of binding agent (PVDF), adjusting solid-to-liquid ratio makes viscosity be fit to apply, on coating machine, slurry evenly is coated in the two sides of Copper Foil, coated pole piece is carried out pressure rolling, cuts, oven dry.Pole piece is of a size of 752 * 230mm at last, totally 8.Every negative plate is determined negative electrode lug in fixed position, pole piece side.
The preparation of barrier film: adopt polypropylene (PP)/polyethylene (PE)/three layers of composite diaphragm of polypropylene (PP).
2, the assembling of battery: be same as embodiment 1.
Battery after the Laser Welding was placed in the vacuum drying chamber about 80 ℃ of left and right sides vacuumizes about 8 hours, takes out after cooling to 40 ℃, filling contains the lithium hexafluoro phosphate (1MLiPF of 10% (weight) biphenyl in battery in vacuum fluid injection machine
6) EC/EMC/DMC (1: 1: 1) electrolyte, after the taking-up with the sealing of the liquid injection hole of battery.
The battery weight 1.50kg that so obtains, cell 1C are charged to and leave standstill a period of time after constant voltage charge to electric current drops to 0.01C behind the 4.1V, and 1C is discharged to 3V thereafter.Battery specific energy 100Whkg
-1, internal resistance of single cell 2.6m Ω exports specific power 700Wkg continuously
-1, maximum impulse output specific power (60%SOC) 876Wkg
-1The cell constant current charge is not blasted on fire to 5V, the 1C discharge capacity of cell in the time of-20 ℃ is 95% of normal temperature 1C discharge capacity.
Embodiment 3
Battery structure among the embodiment 3 also is same as the battery among the embodiment 1.
1, the preparation of pole piece and barrier film:
The preparation of positive plate: stir with adding N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) behind compound LiMn2O4 85 parts (percentage by weight), acetylene black 10 parts (percentage by weight), 5 parts of (percentage by weight) premixs of binding agent (PVDF), adjusting solid-to-liquid ratio makes viscosity be fit to apply, on coating machine, slurry evenly is coated in the two sides of aluminium foil, coated pole piece is carried out pressure rolling, cuts, oven dry.Pole piece is of a size of 750 * 230mm at last, totally 8.8 positive plates are fixed on the positive terminal.
The preparation of negative plate: stir with adding N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) behind carbonaceous mesophase spherules (MCMB) 95 parts (percentage by weight), graphite powder 2 parts (percentage by weight), composite graphite (KS-6) 1 part (percentage by weight), 2 parts of (percentage by weight) premixs of binding agent (PVDF), adjusting solid-to-liquid ratio makes viscosity be fit to apply, on coating machine, slurry evenly is coated in the two sides of Copper Foil, coated pole piece is carried out pressure rolling, cuts, oven dry.Pole piece is of a size of 751 * 231mm at last, totally 8.Every negative plate is determined negative electrode lug in fixed position, pole piece side.
The preparation of barrier film: adopt polypropylene (PP) barrier film.
2, the assembling of battery: be same as embodiment 1.
Battery after the Laser Welding was placed in the vacuum drying chamber about 80 ℃ of left and right sides vacuumizes about 8 hours, takes out after cooling to 40 ℃, filling contains the 1MLiPF of 4% (weight) biphenyl in battery in vacuum fluid injection machine
6PC/EC/EMC (1: 33: 66) electrolyte, after the taking-up with the sealing of the liquid injection hole of battery.
The battery weight 1.49kg that so obtains, cell 1C are charged to and leave standstill a period of time after constant voltage charge to electric current drops to 0.01C behind the 4.2V, and 1C is discharged to 3V thereafter.Battery specific energy 94Whkg
-1, internal resistance of single cell 2.7m Ω exports specific power 620Wkg continuously
-1, maximum impulse output specific power (60%SOC) 809Wkg
-1The cell constant current charge is not blasted on fire to 5V, the 1C discharge capacity of cell in the time of-20 ℃ is 93% of normal temperature 1C discharge capacity.
Resulting battery all has low internal resistance, high power, high-energy, good security performance in the various embodiments described above.