CN100365382C - Non-destructive testing method of dot weld nugget diameter - Google Patents

Non-destructive testing method of dot weld nugget diameter Download PDF

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CN100365382C
CN100365382C CNB2006100579946A CN200610057994A CN100365382C CN 100365382 C CN100365382 C CN 100365382C CN B2006100579946 A CNB2006100579946 A CN B2006100579946A CN 200610057994 A CN200610057994 A CN 200610057994A CN 100365382 C CN100365382 C CN 100365382C
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nugget
solder joint
welding
nuclear
ultrasonic
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CN1811335A (en
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何存富
冯喜旺
吴斌
王秀彦
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Beijing University of Technology
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Beijing University of Technology
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Abstract

The present invention discloses a non-destructive testing method of spot welding nugget diameters, which is suitable for various metal plates. The method comprises the following steps: utilizing a high-frequency ultrasonic straight probe to carry out ultrasonic detection on multiple welding samples with different nugget diameters for obtaining the ultrasonic signals of various welding spots; calculating the ratio t of the amplitude of a first echo pulse to the amplitude of a first middle echo pulse in the ultrasonic signals; splitting along the abutted surfaces of the samples to measure the nugget diameters d<nugget> of the welding spots; drawing the relation curves of the nugget diameters and t according to relations between the nugget diameters and corresponding t values; storing the d<nugget>-t curves of the welding spots of different plates in a computer. When the quality of the welding spots is detected, the computer firstly obtains the plate data of the welding spots, finds the corresponding d<nugget>-t curves, and then obtains the corresponding nugget diameters on the corresponding d<nugget>-t curves according to t values actually measured. When the nugget diameters are smaller than a setting standard value, the quality of the welding spots is judged to be unqualified. The method realizes the non-destructive detection of spot welding, and has the advantages of high precision and high detection efficiency.

Description

The lossless detection method of dot weld nugget diameter
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of lossless detection method of dot weld nugget diameter, and be a kind of lossless detection method that is applicable to the dot weld nugget diameter of various sheet metals.
Background technology
Resistance spot welding is one of welding technology the most frequently used in the modern manufacturing industry, and the plurality of advantages of its technology itself has promoted the widespread use of resistance spot welding.A typical application example is exactly the connection of automobile body components, according to interrelated data as can be known, and nearly more than 5000 weld nuggets of typical body of a motor car.The quality of these solder joints directly affects the quality of vehicle body and the overall performance of automobile, and in order to guarantee the quality of vehicle body, the strict point quality that detects is very important.Equally, the solder joint in other welded structure also needs effectively to detect, to guarantee welding quality.The quality of solder joint is characterized by the strength of joint of solder joint, and Joint Strength depends primarily on the physical dimension of solder joint; Experiment shows that nugget size and Joint Strength are approximated to direct ratio, and nugget size is the main determining factor of quality of welding spot.The key that quality of welding spot detects is the detection and the measurement of nugget size.
In the present actual production, the destructiveness of point quality detects not only consuming time, and has increased production cost, so the Non-Destructive Testing of spot welding becomes a kind of better detection mode.According to document " Yang Siqian; Tan Yiming; Zhang Chenshu; the ultrasonic water immersion focusing of mild carbon steel dot weld nugget diameter detects; " Non-Destructive Testing "; 1996,18 (6): 151~153 "; " firm iron, Zhang Jin, Shen Chunlong, point quality monitoring and the present situation and the development that detect, " aerospace processing ", 1998,5:51~55 " and " Shi Lifeng, Zheng Xiangming, Shi Yaowu, Ultrasonic C-Scan detects the weldering nuclear diameter of aluminium alloy resistance spot welding, " Non-Destructive Testing ", 2004,26 (1): 34~36 ", can realize that the Dynamic Non-Destruction Measurement of determining the nugget diameter has the ultrasonic water immersion imaging method; ultrasonic water immersion focusing; ultrasonic Detection Method and X ray detection method.Though the ultrasonic water immersion mensuration can be measured the nugget size of solder joint more accurately, but the size and the shape of the parts of equipment that this method is required and device more complicated (as shown in Figure 1), tested spot welding are restricted, detection efficiency is low, so this method can only be achieved in the laboratory, and the point quality that is not suitable in the actual production detects.The ultrasonic water immersion focusing also has above deficiency, and it installs as shown in Figure 2; Since the last century the nineties, special-purpose ultrasonic spot welding quality detection apparatus has abroad appearred, as the swi-100 ultrasonic spot welding detector of Israel SCANMASTER scanning expert system company, its principle just is based on ultrasonic Detection Method, and critical component is special-purpose ultrasonic probe.The center of this ultrasonic probe should be consistent with the center of nugget diameter in theory when detecting solder joint, but detecting is manual operations, because the invisibility of nugget, two centers are decentraction often, this causes testing result to produce very big error, final accuracy of detection is low, so this detection method is difficult for realizing accurately detecting; In addition, this method need have a series of special-purpose ultrasonic probe of different effective diameters, and to adapt to different detection requirements, this has increased the detection cost.The X ray detection method is to understand the size of nugget diameter by the Analysis of X radiographic film, and this method is simple to operate, and solder joint and defect information are directly perceived, but sense cycle is long, and expense height and efficient are low, to the dependence height of testing staff's technology.
Summary of the invention
Can't be applied to demand of practical production, cost height and the low deficiency of accuracy in order to overcome prior art, the invention provides a kind of lossless detection method of dot weld nugget diameter, various dot weld nugget diameters are carried out Non-Destructive Testing accurately.As Fig. 3~7, the technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is:
1) utilize an effective diameter to carry out Ultrasonic Detection greater than 17 pairs of a plurality of welded specimens 6 with different nugget sizes of high frequency ultrasound normal probe of the standard dot weld nugget diameter of maximum, the used sheet material of these special spot-welding samples has identical thickness and material with the sheet material of actual spot welding parts; Obtain the ultrasonic signal of each detected solder joint by data collectors such as ultrasonic action receiving instrument 18, digital oscilloscopes 19;
2) calculate in the ultrasonic signal of each detected solder joint the ratio t of the range value of echo-pulse in the middle of first behind first main echo-pulse and first main echo-pulse;
3) cut welded specimen open along the binding face of spot welding test specimen, measure the nugget size d of each solder joint Nuclear, according to each nugget diameter d NuclearAnd the corresponding relation between the ratio of the range value of middle echo-pulse behind first main echo-pulse and first the main echo-pulse is drawn out nugget size d in its ultrasonic signal NuclearRelation curve with above signal amplitude ratio;
4) with the d of the sheet material solder joint of different-thickness and material Nuclear-t profile memory is in computing machine 2, and when detecting the welding quality of certain solder joint, computer system obtains the data of the sheet material of this solder joint of composition earlier, finds corresponding d thus Nuclear-t curve; The ultrasonic signal amplitude ratio of this solder joint that obtains according to actual detected is at corresponding d NuclearObtain corresponding nugget size on the-t curve,, judge that quality of welding spot is defective, realize the Non-Destructive Testing of spot welding when nugget size during less than the standard value set.This method is applicable to the Non-Destructive Testing of the dot weld nugget diameter of various sheet metals.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows, Non-Destructive Testing goes out the diameter of various metal nuggets more exactly, only just can realize detection to the solder joint of a plurality of process structure requirements with a high frequency normal probe, equipment is simple, easy to operate, the detection efficiency height, and the diameter of nugget can directly reflect the quality of solder joint, thus whether qualified this solder joint of decidable is.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a ultrasonic water immersion imaging system device synoptic diagram;
Fig. 2 is a ultrasonic water immersion focusing system and device synoptic diagram;
Fig. 3 is the pick-up unit system schematic among the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the Ultrasonic Detection principle schematic of the spot welding among the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the spot welding ultrasonic signal figure that obtains among the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the nugget size of 1.5+1.5 mild carbon steel spot welding and the d of ultrasonic signal amplitude ratio Nuclear-t curve map;
Fig. 7 is the mild carbon steel nugget metallograph after cutting open from binding face;
Wherein, 1 is turntable driving, and 2 is computing machine, and 3 is oscillograph, and 4 is ultra-sonic defect detector, and 5 are the focus ultrasonic probe, and 6 is test specimen; 7 is trip bolt, and 8 is the focusing probe clamp device, and 9 is horizontal moving handle, and 10 for vertically moving handle, and 11 is the test specimen bearing support, and 12 is lifting handle, and 13 is elevating lever, and 14 is the elevating mechanism base, and 15 is receiving transducer, and 16 is water tank; 17 is the high frequency ultrasound normal probe, and 18 is the ultrasonic exciting receiving instrument, and 19 is digital oscilloscope; 20 is the nugget of solder joint;
Embodiment
Exemplifying embodiment: nugget size is carried out in the spot welding of 1.5+1.5 mild carbon steel detect.
Utilize the low carbon steel plate of 1.5mm to make a collection of spot welding test specimen 6 (having prepared 34 solder joints in this test), during spot welding, set ascending different welding currents and weld interval, in the hope of obtaining having the solder joint of the big or small nugget size of difference.Use the high frequency ultrasound normal probe 17 of the bigger Φ 13 of effective diameter that each solder joint is carried out Ultrasonic Detection.The whole detection device system as shown in Figure 3.When carrying out Ultrasonic Detection, with high frequency ultrasound normal probe 17 place solder joint directly over, as shown in Figure 4, coat couplant between probe 17 and the spot welding test specimen 6, increase the coupling effect of ultrasonic signal.The 5800 type ultrasound emission receiving instrument 18-emission short pulse voltage that ultrasonic action receiving trap-Panametrics Inc. produces is to encourage this ultrasonic probe 17, the high-frequency ultrasonic that produces spreads into solder joint 20, after ultrasound wave is propagated in solder joint, the ultrasonic echo pulse that the sensor reception obtains as shown in Figure 5, main echo-pulse is that the bottom reflection by solder joint forms, middle echo-pulse is that the individual layer steel plate that contact with ultrasonic probe by the spot welding test specimen reflects and forms, because in below this ultrasonic probe and the spot welding test specimen that its useful area equates, the area of nugget is much larger than the area (as shown in Figure 4) of nugget individual layer steel plate on every side, so the ultrasonic probe ultrasonic waves transmitted mainly concentrates in the nugget 20 and propagates, have only the fraction ultrasound wave in the individual layer steel plate, to propagate, so the amplitude of main echo-pulse is much larger than the range value of middle echo-pulse; This echoed signal is transferred in the computing machine 2 via digital oscilloscope 19, and computing machine calculates the amplitude of the first main echo-pulse and the first middle echo-pulse (as shown in Figure 5) automatically than t, and amplitude is bigger more than the big more explanation nugget of t diameter.
Obtain the ultrasound echo signal of 34 solder joints with said method, and calculate in each ultrasound echo signal that the amplitude of echo-pulse compares t in the middle of the first main echo-pulse and first i
Two spot welding steel plate test specimen postweldings are dissected along binding face, make metallographic specimen, as shown in Figure 7.Measure the nugget size of each solder joint along different directions, with mean value as nugget size d Nuclear, to eliminate the stochastic error of nugget size.Obtained the nugget size d of 34 solder joints like this NuclearAccording to each nugget diameter d NuclearAnd the corresponding relation between the amplitude of the echo-pulse ratio in the middle of first main echo-pulse and first utilizes the least square ratio juris to draw out nugget size d in its ultrasonic signal NuclearWith the d of amplitude than t Nuclear-t relation curve, as shown in Figure 6.
When the solder joint of needs detection is made up of the 1.5+1.5 low carbon steel plate of above same model, use the above d that obtains Nuclear-t curve is according to utilizing identical high frequency normal probe to carry out ultrasonic signal amplitude ratio t that actual detected obtains at corresponding d NuclearObtain the size of corresponding nugget size on the-t curve.When nugget size during less than the standard value set, judge that quality of welding spot is defective, realize the Non-Destructive Testing of this mild carbon steel spot welding.
In addition, with the d of different-thickness and the spot welding of material sheet material Nuclear-t profile memory is in computer system, and when detecting the welding quality of certain solder joint, the thickness of the sheet material of computer system elder generation this solder joint of acquisition composition and the related data of sheet material find corresponding d thus Nuclear-t curve; The ultrasonic signal amplitude that obtains according to actual detected than the t value at corresponding d NuclearObtain corresponding nugget size on the-t curve,, judge that quality of welding spot is defective, realize the Non-Destructive Testing of this solder joint when nugget size during less than the standard value set.

Claims (3)

1. the lossless detection method of a dot weld nugget diameter is characterized in that this method undertaken by following step:
1) utilize a useful area greater than the high frequency ultrasound normal probe (17) of the standard dot weld nugget diameter of maximum a plurality of welded specimens (6) with different nugget sizes to be carried out Ultrasonic Detection, the used sheet material of these special spot-welding samples has identical thickness and material with the sheet material of actual spot welding parts; Obtain the ultrasonic signal of each detected solder joint by data collector;
2) calculate the ratio t of the range value of the middle echo-pulse behind first main echo-pulse and first main echo-pulse in the ultrasonic signal of each detected solder joint;
3) cut welded specimen open along the binding face of spot welding test specimen, measure the nugget size d of each solder joint Nuclear, according to each nugget diameter d NuclearAnd the corresponding relation between the ratio of the range value of middle echo-pulse behind first main echo-pulse and first the main echo-pulse is drawn out nugget size d in its ultrasonic signal NuclearRelation curve with above signal amplitude ratio;
4) with the d of the sheet material solder joint of different-thickness and material Nuclear-t profile memory is in computing machine (2), and when detecting the welding quality of certain solder joint, computer system obtains the data of the sheet material of this solder joint of composition earlier, finds corresponding d thus Nuclear-t curve; The ultrasonic signal amplitude ratio of this solder joint that obtains according to actual detected is at corresponding d NuclearObtain corresponding nugget size on the-t curve,, judge that quality of welding spot is defective, realize the Non-Destructive Testing of spot welding when nugget size during less than the standard value set.
2. the lossless detection method of a kind of dot weld nugget diameter according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the data collector described in the step 1) is ultrasonic exciting receiving instrument (18) and digital oscilloscope (19).
3. the lossless detection method of a kind of dot weld nugget diameter according to claim 1 is characterized in that: step 2) the middle principle of least square method drafting nugget size d that adopts NuclearRelation curve with signal amplitude ratio t.
CNB2006100579946A 2006-03-03 2006-03-03 Non-destructive testing method of dot weld nugget diameter Expired - Fee Related CN100365382C (en)

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Cited By (1)

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CN106124624A (en) * 2016-06-17 2016-11-16 武汉理工大学 A kind of thin plate point quality automatic detection device and method

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MX341497B (en) * 2011-04-12 2016-08-22 Honda Motor Co Ltd Non-destructive testing device.
CN104729434B (en) * 2015-03-06 2017-11-17 武汉理工大学 A kind of quantification Ultrasonic Nondestructive method of dot weld nugget diameter
CN106483195B (en) * 2016-09-13 2018-10-26 重庆科技学院 Adaptive resistance spot welding quality detection, control method and system
CN107745176B (en) * 2017-10-31 2020-04-17 天津七所高科技有限公司 Parameter setting-free resistance spot welding control method and system
CN111288907B (en) * 2020-03-17 2021-05-11 本钢板材股份有限公司 Metallographic detection method for measuring diameter of resistance spot welding nugget
CN111912905B (en) * 2020-06-18 2023-08-01 浙江吉利汽车研究院有限公司 Method, device and system for determining diameter of resistance spot welding nugget and electronic equipment
CN114061498A (en) * 2021-11-15 2022-02-18 广州广电计量检测股份有限公司 Device for calibrating ultrasonic welding point measuring equipment

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