A kind of high capacity sealed lead-acid accumulator on-line maintenance instrument
Technical field
The present invention relates to the electronic instrument of the inner lead sulfate crystallization of the online removing polar plate of lead acid storage battery of a kind of method, recovery battery capacity with electronic impulse, especially for electric power system, telecommunication department, a kind of high capacity sealed lead-acid accumulator on-line maintenance instrument of communication system UPS (uninterrupted power supply).
Background technology
Lead acid accumulator is owing to being subjected to climatic environment, frequently having a power failure and the influence of undercharge and the factor of storage battery own, generate a kind of thick hard lead sulfate crystalline solid gradually at the accumulator pole intralamellar part, stopped up the spongy Pb micropore of negative plate, hinder the mutual conversion of electric energy, chemical energy, cause that battery capacity descends gradually even scraps.At present, the instrument that adopts the electronic impulse mode to remove the lead sulfate crystallization of polar plate of lead acid storage battery inside has two kinds: a kind of is little current pulse, shortcoming be take effect slow, efficient is low; A kind of is the heavy current pulse type, its instant effect, efficient height.But the instrument of many heavy current pulse types is online when working simultaneously, because the ripple voltage mutual superposition that every instrument produces gets up to disturb the normal operation of UPS and communication system, so be not suitable for doing online reparation.Generally fail battery need be disassembled reparation from ups system, after waiting to finish, again this battery be installed back in the ups system; Not only waste time and energy, also can reduce the reliability of ups system safe operation.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention provides a kind of high capacity sealed lead-acid accumulator on-line maintenance instrument, under the big high efficiency charge maintenance of electric current, need not to dismantle battery, can the online rebuild maintenance that carries out battery, carrying out many batteries simultaneously during charge maintenance, the ripple voltage that can not superpose disturbs, and in the normal operation that guarantees UPS and communication system, finishes the automatic rebuild maintenance work of online battery.
The objective of the invention is to realize by following technical scheme.High capacity sealed lead-acid accumulator on-line maintenance instrument of the present invention comprises DC power supply circuit, it is characterized in that: also comprise enabling signal circuit, single chip circuit, plastic drive circuit, electronic switch; By DC power supply circuit required direct current is supplied with electronic switch, be transformed into pulse current through electronic switch and supply with the battery that is repaired; After single chip circuit receives the instruction of enabling signal circuit, after computing, export the variable pulse width waveform that is subjected to cell voltage and ambient temperature control according to the voltage detecting that is repaired battery, temperature detection data, control the break-make and the control of electronic switch through plastic drive circuit and repair the pulse current size, to be controlled at automatically in the repair process, can be not excessive, overtension damages battery because of pulse current.
Described on-line maintenance instrument is the multistage use that connects together successively, in maintenance instruments at different levels, all has the enabling signal circuit, and the signal input part of the enabling signal circuit in the signal output part of the enabling signal circuit of chopped-off head maintenance instrument and the secondary maintenance instrument links to each other; The signal input part of the enabling signal circuit in the signal output part of the enabling signal circuit of secondary maintenance instrument and the three grades of on-line maintenance instrument links to each other, and the like; The signal output part of the enabling signal circuit in the final stage maintenance instrument links to each other with the signal input part of chopped-off head enabling signal circuit.By the control of enabling signal circuit, many online maintenance instruments are worked independently in turn, avoided the generation of overlapping ripple voltage.
Also have polar protective circuit, link to each other, the storage battery that is repaired with protection with electronic switch.
Described single chip circuit comprises:
Single-chip microcomputer U1,
By the clock circuit that capacitor C 5, C6, quartz crystal oscillator Y1 form, U1 links to each other with single-chip microcomputer, and the clock signal that provides single-chip microcomputer to handle is provided;
By the voltage reference circuit that resistance R 1, R2, R3, RP1, pressurizer U2 form, U1 links to each other with single-chip microcomputer, and the accurate reference voltage that provides single-chip microcomputer to handle is provided;
The ambient temperature detection circuit of forming by resistance R 4, RT1, capacitor C 4, U1 links to each other with single-chip microcomputer, convert ambient temperature to voltage, single-chip microcomputer 2 judges that according to temperature voltage and the terminal voltage that is repaired battery plastic drive circuit is delivered in the may command pulse of output variable duty ratio;
By the condition indication circuit that resistance R 12, R13, R14, light-emitting diode D4, D5, D6 form, U1 links to each other with single-chip microcomputer, display working condition.
Described enabling signal circuit includes and starts button START, resistance R 5, R15, photoelectrical coupler U6, is responsible for the enabling signal transmission, makes instrument startup work.1 pin of photoelectrical coupler U6 links to each other with single-chip microcomputer U1,2 pin ground connection, and 3 pin are the ground connection of next stage, 4 pin link to each other with the single-chip microcomputer U1 of next stage.
Described plastic drive circuit comprises the inverting amplifier circuit of being made up of resistance R 6, R7, triode V1, and U1 links to each other with single-chip microcomputer, so that the may command pulse paraphase of single-chip microcomputer output is amplified; By acceleration and shaping circuit that resistance R 8, capacitor C 7, integrated circuit U3 form, an end links to each other with V1, and the other end links to each other with electronic switch, drives so that controlled electronic switch is supplied with in pulse again after the paraphase shaping.
Described electronic switch comprises switching tube V3, and its input links to each other with plastic drive circuit, and in addition two ends (drain electrode and source electrode) link to each other with DC power supply and the storage battery that is repaired respectively, so that in check pulse reparation electric current to be provided to the storage battery that is repaired.
Described polar protective circuit comprises diode D1, D2, D3; resistance R 9, R10, R11, triode V2 and relay, diode D1 links to each other with single-chip microcomputer U1 voltage detecting end; the normally opened contact of relay K 1 links to each other with electronic switch with DC power supply, with this DC power supply of break-make.When correct connection battery polar, relay K 1 adhesive; When reversal connection, not conducting of diode D1, triode V2 ends, and relay K 1 is failure to actuate, and no electricity is added to switching tube V3, protects its safety, and diode D3 sends caution because of instead lighting partially simultaneously.
Among the present invention, be repaired the voltage of battery, the pulse that temperature data output pulse width after computing is adjustable by single chip circuit according to detected, control the break-make and the control of described electronic switch through described plastic drive circuit automatically and repair the pulse current size; By taking turns to operate of enabling signal circuit control single chip computer.The fixed-frequency of single-chip microcomputer output, the pulse of variable-width, utilize electronic switch in continuous conducting and between the off period, harmonic oscillation frequency that rising edge of a pulse decomposes and lead sulfate molecule produce resonance, under the effect of pulse current, thick lead sulfate crystallization is diminished gradually, disappear, recover battery capacity.Under the control of enabling signal circuit and single chip circuit, each instrument for repairing is taken turns to operate, the pulse current of output can be according to terminal voltage, the temperature of storage battery, automatically adjust by plastic drive circuit, electronic switch, make the storage battery that is repaired in the system that does not have the interference of stack ripple voltage, under acceptable maximum surge current, repair; Significantly improve efficient, guaranteed quality.In addition, can be in repair process according to battery terminal voltage, the may command pulse current is realized the undamaged reparation of pole plate.
In sum, the present invention can do not dismantle battery and situation under, onlinely carry out battery maintenance, and many when working simultaneously, the ripple voltage that can not superpose disturbs, and guarantees to carry out the automatic maintenance of online battery in the normal operation of work system; Its remediation efficiency height, to the pole plate not damaged.The present invention is applicable to electric power system, telecommunication department, the online reparation of communication system UPS (uninterrupted power supply).
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the block diagram of on-line maintenance working method of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a circuit block diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is circuit theory diagrams of the present invention.
Code name explanation among the figure:
1 enabling signal circuit, 2 single chip circuits, 3 plastic drive circuits, 4 electronic switches
5 polar protective circuits, 6 DC power supply circuit 6A constant voltage and current limiting formula Switching Power Supplies, 7 batteries
B1 AC transformer BR1 rectifier bridge C0-C8 electric capacity D1-D6 diode
F1-F2 fuse K1 direct current relay R1-R15 resistance R T1 thermistor
RP1 adjustable resistance SW1 Illuminated Switch U1 single-chip microcomputer U2 pressurizer
U3, U4, U5 integrated circuit
The U6 photoelectrical coupler
V1, V2 triode V3 switching tube (field effect transistor) Y1 quartz crystal oscillator
Embodiment:
As Fig. 2 is circuit block diagram of the present invention, and high capacity sealed lead-acid accumulator on-line maintenance instrument of the present invention comprises DC power supply circuit 6, enabling signal circuit 1, single chip circuit 2, plastic drive circuit 3, electronic switch 4; By constant voltage and current limiting formula Switching Power Supply 6A required direct current is supplied with electronic switch 4, be transformed into pulse current through electronic switch 4 and supply with the battery 7 that is repaired; After single chip circuit 2 receives the instruction of enabling signal circuit 1, after computing, export the pwm pulse waveform that is subjected to cell voltage and ambient temperature control according to the voltage detecting that is repaired battery 7, temperature detection data, control the break-make and the control of electronic switch 4 through plastic drive circuit 3 and repair the pulse current size, can be not excessive in the repair process to be controlled at automatically because of pulse current, battery terminal voltage too high and the damage battery 7.Also have polar protective circuit 5 (referring to Fig. 3), link to each other, be used to protect the safety of electronic switch 4 with electronic switch 4.
As Fig. 1 is the block diagram of on-line maintenance working method of the present invention.Described on-line maintenance instrument is the multistage online use that connects together successively, in the on-line maintenance instrument at different levels, all has the enabling signal circuit, present embodiment is three grades, and the signal input part of the enabling signal circuit among the signal output part of the enabling signal circuit of chopped-off head on-line maintenance instrument A and the secondary on-line maintenance instrument B links to each other; The signal input part of the enabling signal circuit among the signal output part of the enabling signal circuit of secondary on-line maintenance instrument B and the three grades of on-line maintenance instrument C links to each other; The signal output part of the enabling signal circuit among three grades of maintenance instrument C links to each other with the signal input part of the enabling signal circuit of chopped-off head on-line maintenance instrument A; Connect this enabling signal circuit by start button START.Press this button START and (manually press the START button of any one-level, when prime all can start, start back single-chip microcomputer U1 and enabling signal can be transferred to next stage automatically, need not again with manually starting), maintenance instrument A starts, and detects current cell voltage, the reparation pulse of output one-period, convert pulse current to by internal circuit and pass to maintained battery A, stop then; Export an enabling signal again, pass to next maintenance instrument B, start maintenance instrument B work, after maintenance instrument B stops, exporting an enabling signal again, after maintenance instrument C has worked, start maintenance instrument A again, finish a circulation to maintenance instrument C.Like this, under the control of enabling signal, guarantee that each online maintenance instrument can not work simultaneously in the unit interval, the interference of the ripple voltage of avoiding superposeing.
As Fig. 3 is circuit theory diagrams of the present invention, is shown with enabling signal circuit 1, single chip circuit 2, plastic drive circuit 3, electronic switch 4 among the figure; Polar protective circuit 5, DC power supply circuit 6 and battery 7.
Described single chip circuit 2 comprises:
Single-chip microcomputer U1 (PIC16F73),
Clock circuit by capacitor C 5, C6, quartz crystal oscillator Y1 form links to each other with Osc1, the Osc2 pin of single-chip microcomputer U1, and the clock signal that provides single-chip microcomputer to handle is provided;
Voltage reference circuit by resistance R 1, R2, R3, RP1, pressurizer U2 form links to each other with the Vref pin of single-chip microcomputer U1, and the accurate reference voltage that provides single-chip microcomputer to handle is provided;
The ambient temperature detection circuit of forming by resistance R 4, RT1, capacitor C 4, link to each other with the Tsense pin of single-chip microcomputer U1, convert ambient temperature to voltage, single-chip microcomputer U1 judges according to temperature voltage and the terminal voltage (A/D2) that is repaired battery, the PWM may command pulse of output variable duty ratio is delivered to the base stage of V1 in the plastic drive circuit 3 through the Pwm1 pin;
Condition indication circuit by resistance R 12, R13, R14, light-emitting diode D4, D5, D6 form links to each other display working condition with the LED1-LED3 pin of single-chip microcomputer U1.
Described enabling signal circuit 1 includes button START, resistance R 5, R15, photoelectrical coupler U6 (PC817), is responsible for the transmission of enabling signal, makes instrument startup work.The effect of photoelectrical coupler U6 is with the ground wire isolation of two-stage up and down, and the transmission start signal, and its 1 pin links to each other with the START OUT pin of single-chip microcomputer U1,2 pin ground connection, and 3 pin are the ground connection of next stage, 4 pin link to each other with the START IN pin of the single-chip microcomputer U1 of next stage.
Plastic drive circuit 3 comprises the inverting amplifier circuit of being made up of resistance R 6, R7, triode V1, links to each other with the Pwm1 pin of single-chip microcomputer U1, amplifying from the PWM may command pulse paraphase of single-chip microcomputer output; By resistance R 8, capacitor C 7, integrated circuit U3 (CD40106, by U3A, U3B, U3C parallel connection) acceleration and the shaping circuit formed, one end links to each other with the collector electrode of triode V1, the other end links to each other with the switching tube V3 of electronic switch 4, drives so that controlled electronic switch 4 is supplied with in pulse again after the paraphase shaping.
Electronic switch 4 comprises field effect transistor V3, and its input links to each other with 3, and in addition two ends (drain electrode and source electrode) link to each other with DC power supply and the storage battery 7 that is repaired respectively, so that in check pulse reparation electric current to be provided to the storage battery 7 that is repaired.
Polar protective circuit 5 comprises diode D1, D2, D3, resistance R 9, R10, R11, triode V2 and relay K 1.Diode D1 links to each other with single-chip microcomputer U1 voltage detecting end, and the normally opened contact of relay K 1 links to each other with electronic switch with DC power supply, with this DC power supply of break-make.When correct connection battery polar, the conducting of diode D1 positively biased, cell voltage makes triode V2 conducting through R9, R10 dividing potential drop, relay K 1 adhesive; When reversal connection, not conducting of diode D1, V2 ends, and relay K 1 is failure to actuate, and no electricity is added to switching tube V3, protects its safety, and diode D3 sends caution because of instead lighting partially simultaneously.
Supply with direct current by DC power-supply circuit 6, when mains switch SW1 was closed, civil power one tunnel was transformed into the constant voltage electric current that is fit to the various capacity battery needs of maintenance through constant voltage and current limiting Switching Power Supply 6A.Another road is through fuse F1 and power transformer B1 output AC15V voltage, through bridge rectifier BR1 rectification, obtain DC18V left and right sides voltage after the C0 filtering, obtain 12V voltage through integrated circuit U4 (L7812CV) voltage stabilizing and supply with relay coil and PWM waveform shaping drive circuit 3; After integrated circuit U5 (L7805CV) voltage stabilizing, obtain 5V voltage again and supply with single chip circuit 2.
When maintenance instrument is worked, binding post CON1 is (for improving certainty of measurement, this device adopts four-wire system, during wiring, 1,2 pin of binding post CON1 link to each other in the positive terminal short circuit of battery 7,3,4 pin of CON1 link to each other in the post short circuit of battery 7 negative poles) correctly be connected to and be repaired the battery two ends, diode D1 positively biased conducting in the polar protective circuit 5, cell voltage makes the V2 conducting through R9, R10 dividing potential drop, relay K 1 coil gets, the closing of contact, it is electric that electronic switch 4 is got, and voltage is added to controlled electronic switch V3 drain electrode; Simultaneously, the A/D2 port of single-chip microcomputer U1 detects cell voltage, by single-chip microcomputer U1 through Pwm1 pin output control pulse, after the paraphase amplification and acceleration and shaping of plastic drive circuit 3, supplying with electronic switch 4 drives, the continuous conducting of control switch pipe V3 with end, make the direct current of constant voltage and current limiting Switching Power Supply 6A become in check pulse current and be added to the two ends that are repaired storage battery 7.But sending of this in check pulse is subjected to single-chip microcomputer U1 and 1 control of enabling signal circuit, takes turns, intermittently sends.When the user presses the button START of start-up circuit 1 or receives the enabling signal of the maintenance instrument in front, the START IN pin of single-chip microcomputer U1 becomes low level by high level, begin startup work, export high level simultaneously and light light-emitting diode D6, indication work at present state.
If battery 7 virtual voltages are lower than the float charge voltage of setting, it is 120 microseconds that single-chip microcomputer U1 exports a string cycle through the Pwm1 pin, and duty ratio is that 95% control impuls offers the triode V1 in the plastic drive circuit 3; Export high level simultaneously, make diode D4 light indicating operating status.If battery 7 virtual voltages are higher than the float charge voltage of setting, then export high level diode D5 is lighted, constant but pulse that width reduces of single-chip microcomputer U1 output cycle simultaneously, the every rising 0.02V of cell voltage does a stepping.Minimum duty cycle reduces to 5%, if this moment, battery terminal voltage also continued to rise when surpassing ceiling voltage 2.45V/ list lattice, the Pwm1 pin of single-chip microcomputer U1 stops output, and electronic switch 4 turn-offs, the battery two ends that do not have pulse current to be added to be repaired, battery terminal voltage falls after rise.The single-chip microcomputer U1 of every maintenance instrument is behind timing one-period (for example 500MS), pulse output is turn-offed in the capital, START OUT pin output high level is lighted the LED (not shown) in the photoelectrical coupler U6 simultaneously, make the START IN pin of next maintenance instrument single-chip microcomputer U1 become low level, trigger instrument automatically and go round and begin again and take turns to operate by high level.
The present invention is through using, and effect is as follows:
1, compares with existing small-pulse effect electric current prosthetic device, because this installs the single chip circuit U2 of with good grounds cell voltage and environment temperature auto-adjustment control reparation pulse current, so it is very big that its inceptive impulse electric current can be chosen, and reaches 0.1%~0.5%C10(C
10Nominal capacity for battery 10 hour rate currents discharges) even bigger, can add Speed maintenance process. 200Ah~1000Ah only needs just can remove in 48 hours to 168 hours the sulphur of clean inside battery The lead plumbate crystallization. And existing little current impulse prosthetic device overcharges to the impact of battery owing to will take the later stage into account, Its pulse current is generally chosen very little, with the small-pulse effect electric current battery is repaired from start to finish, and remediation efficiency is bright The aobvious reduction, the lead-acid accumulator of same capability often needs just can embody effect more than three months.
Although 2, the present invention has increased pulse maintenance electric current, under the control of enabling signal circuit 1, whole UPS How many platform maintenance instruments no matter system installed, and only has a maintenance instrument in work in the unit interval, and this subtracts greatly The pulse ripple interference problem of having brought when having lacked the instrument synchronous working. Make ups system high-capacity sealed in installation Behind the lead-acid accumulator on-line maintenance instrument, work that can be safe and reliable.