CN100337815C - 超薄表面修饰*** - Google Patents
超薄表面修饰*** Download PDFInfo
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- CN100337815C CN100337815C CNB2003801060423A CN200380106042A CN100337815C CN 100337815 C CN100337815 C CN 100337815C CN B2003801060423 A CNB2003801060423 A CN B2003801060423A CN 200380106042 A CN200380106042 A CN 200380106042A CN 100337815 C CN100337815 C CN 100337815C
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Abstract
本发明提供一种修饰表面外观的薄型层叠片。该层叠片包括在底膜下表面的指示层。该层叠片可以任选包括将其附着在表面的粘合涂层或者粘合层、至少一个可去除的保护层、有利于层叠片转移到表面上的释放涂层。本发明还提供了使用层叠片修饰表面外观的方法与***。
Description
相关申请的交叉参考
本申请是基于2002年12月18日提交的美国临时专利申请No.60/434,499。
发明领域
本发明提供了修饰表面外观的层叠片、使用此层叠片修饰的表面、以及使用层叠片修饰表面外观的方法。
发明背景
现今的地板护理程序主要应用于保护并增强地板基质的外观。多种材料可以用做地板基质,其中包括乙烯树脂、大理石、水磨石、陶瓷、漆布、木材等。地板护理程序可以包括许多不同类型的产品,但是通常涉及应用于地板基质表面的保护剂与/或涂饰剂。然后,通过使用清洁剂与工具,包括各种抛光机或者磨光机,维持表面的抛光状态。尽管这些程序非常有效,但是人们认为对于消费者而言代价太大。此外,如果随着时间流失表面受损或者令人无法满意,就需要全部去除地板基质,从而获得地板的全新外观。
在零售场地中,通常在顾客或者客户容易看到的地方放置广告和/或导向标记。最近,一些公司已经开始生产地板图示,以满足广告商的需求。这些图示是由某些顶端层叠片覆盖的印刷薄膜构成,这样既可以保护图示,又可以提供防滑表面。不幸的是,现有的一些地板背胶标签造成了滑倒、绊倒、和跌倒的危险。先从图示撕下衬片露出粘合剂,因此,施用于抛光地板的这些图示与背胶标签非常相似。接着,再将这些背胶标签按压在抛光地板上。许多最终用户使用这类背胶标签,但是主要应用于信息数据或者广告对促销起重要作用的工业与零售场地。
现有类型的图示产品存在着许多缺点或者缺陷,使其在地板或者其它表面应用中无法令人满意。这些缺点或者缺陷包括图形扭曲、使用困难、背胶标签的磨损或者撕裂、由于在地板护理过程中使用机械设备撕裂图示边缘从而造成的维护困难、图示的厚度。最常见的这些缺陷造成了破旧的外观、低持久性以及对从图示上经过或者绕过个体产生滑倒、跌倒、拌倒的危险。此外,这类图示会积累灰尘,特别是图形已经受损并仍残留粘着剂的地方。而且,现存的图示去除困难,有时在去除过程中去除掉了表面的一些涂层,因此需要剥离整个表面,再施加涂饰剂。现有的产品都不能应对需要改变整个表面或者大部分表面外观的情况。
总之,本领域中涉及室内和室外表面的外观修饰和增强***存在相当数量的缺陷,室内和室外表面的实例有地板表面、墙表面、天花板、窗户、运载工具表面、公路、便道、庭院等。尽管现有的背胶标签提供了广告的手段,并且在背胶标签上可以印有图形,但是,拙劣的印刷质量、应用困难、维护困难、厚度、粘着力差和/或磨损和丝裂、持久性差和去除与重新涂布过程中劳动强度大并且代价昂贵都使其成为不能令人满意、代价昂贵与费时的选择。此外,由背胶标签受损或者卷边造成的威胁产生了安全隐患。而且,这类背胶标签的外观不够专业,有时无光泽或者图形轮廓不够鲜明。此外,当需要修饰整个或者大部分表面的外观时,除了代价昂贵的去除与替换基质的方法外别无选择。因此,人们继续研究能够部分或者全部改变表面的外观修饰***,该***还能够快速并容易地应用、并容易地去除、还可以耐受维护设备造成的刮伤、磨损、凿伤与其它损害,以及常规的磨损与撕裂。特别是,人们需要克服现有背胶标签缺点的改进外观修饰***。
发明概述
本发明涉及一种表面修饰层叠片,其中包括:(a)具有上、下表面的底膜,该膜至少部分覆盖在待修饰的表面上;(b)在至少部分底膜下表面的指示层;(c)在至少部分底膜上表面的固化顶端涂层。
本发明涉及一种表面修饰层叠片,其中包括:(a)具有上、下表面的穿孔底膜,该膜至少部分覆盖在待修饰的表面上;(b)在至少部分底膜下表面的指示层。
本发明涉及一种表面修饰的方法,该方法包括:(a)将表面修饰层叠片施用到待修饰的表面上,该表面修饰层叠片包括具有上、下表面的底膜和在至少部分底膜下表面的指示层;(b)将可固化的组合物施用到至少部分底膜的上表面;(c)固化上述的组合物,获得固化的聚合顶端涂层。
本发明一个方面提供了表面修饰层叠片结构,其中包括在底膜上的薄型指示层。底膜的作用是,在不需要任何剥离剂或者其它化学药品的条件下,有助于通过剥离从表面去除层叠片。层叠片中其它任选的涂层包括将底膜和指示层附着在表面的粘合涂层、保护底膜的至少一个可去除保护层、指示层、和/或在将层叠片施用于表面以前的任何粘合剂层、和在指示层或者底膜与可去除保护层之间的释放涂层。选择粘合涂层,使其以可去除或者可复原方式附着指示层。
本发明另一个方面提供了表面修饰***,其中包括在底膜上、并且覆盖所施用***表面的指示层。任选的是,***还包括施用于至少一部分层叠片、并且覆盖至少一部分与层叠片相邻表面的至少一个顶端涂层。该***还包括在将层叠片施用表面以前、施用表面的至少一个中间涂层。在此***中底膜与指示层的组合应当足够薄,从而使表面厚度与施加层叠片的表面厚度差别最小。在一些具体实施方式中,层叠片施用于至少一部分表面上,由此表面的剩余部分未使用层叠片。在另一些具体实施方式中,层叠片施用于整个表面。
本发明***还任选包括清洁已经施用指示层表面的表面清洁剂。这类清洁剂包括中性清洁剂、碱性清洁剂、酸性清洁剂、清洁剂/护养剂和护养剂,其中包括聚合类清洁剂。在表面清洗过程中,指示层保持完整,没有分解,并未受到清洗材料或者清洗过程的损伤。
实际上,将表面修饰层叠片施用于表面包括下列步骤:建议采用但并非必须的步骤是,在施用层叠片以前适当清洗表面,清除会给层叠片覆盖表面整体外观造成副作用的污垢和碎片。下一步骤涉及,以底膜向下方式将层叠片放置或者施用到至少一部分表面上。在放置好层叠片后,将顶端涂层施加到至少一部分层叠片和表面上。在一些具体实施方式中,在清洗步骤以后、将层叠片放置到表面以前,向表面施加中间涂层。
在某些结构中,表面修饰层叠片足够坚硬,只需简单地将底膜从表面剥落,就可以很容易地从表面去除层叠片。从至少一部分层叠片涂布顶端涂层的增强表面去除层叠片过程中,去除层叠片以前,采用常规方法去除顶端涂层。
附图详述
图1是图解说明本发明示范性表面修饰层叠片的切面视图。
图2是已经施用本发明表面修饰层叠片表面的切面视图。尽管在图2中层叠片结构描绘的是单层结构,可以理解的是,层叠片实际上包括如图1所示的多层结构。
优选具体实施方式的详细描述
本发明涉及修饰或者增强表面的表面修饰层叠片,还涉及包括此层叠片的表面修饰***。这种层叠片和***可以修饰或者增强至少一部分带有视觉图象和/或文字的表面。此外,还可以修饰表面的整个外观或者颜色。
本发明对于施用视觉图象、文字、颜色、图示、和/或设计改变视觉外观的任何表面具有潜在用途。这类表面可以存在于室内或者室外,如建筑结构、运载工具和消费产品。如文中所用,名词“建筑结构”包括房屋结构,例如地板、墙壁、天花板、窗户、屋顶、庭院、搁板和楼梯,和地被结构,例如道路、公路、人行道。可以施用表面修饰层叠片的交通工具实例包括汽车、飞机、船舶、卡车、摩托车和自行车。玩具与工具只是可以施用表面修饰层叠片、众多种类中的两种消费产品。待修饰表面可以由多种材料构成,其中不限于此地包括乙烯树脂、大理石、水磨石、陶瓷、漆布、木材、金属、塑料、橡胶、石膏板、熟石膏、混凝土、石材、乙烯树脂组合物贴砖和玻璃。
图1和2展示了本发明示范性的具体实施方式。如图1所示,层叠片结构18包括底膜20和在底膜20下表面的指示层22。在图2示范的结构中,待修饰的表面24至少部分被底膜20覆盖,并且指示层22已经在底膜20上。图1的表面修饰层叠片和图2的表面修饰***还包括在底膜20下表面的粘合涂层26、和施加在层叠片结构上面的顶端涂层34。中间涂层28也显示在图2中,夹在待修饰表面24和粘合涂层26之间。此外,本发明可以包括可去除的保护层30和32。可去除的上保护层30设计为保护底膜20的上表面,并且可去除的下保护层32设计为保护指示层22和/或施用于底膜的任何粘合涂层26,如果有的话,未经指示层或者粘合涂层覆盖的任何底膜下表面部分。尽管图中没有显示,在可去除上保护层与底膜之间、和/或者在可去除的下保护层与底膜暴露的下表面或者施用于底膜下表面的任何粘合涂层之间,层叠片还可以包括释放涂层。
底膜有助于将指示层转移到待修饰的表面上,并且有助于从表面去除层叠片。发明者意想不到地发现,选择并设计底膜,通过以单片或者更小部分的方式剥离层叠片,可以使底膜和指示层很容易地从表面去除。这种情况消除了对常规剥色剂的需求,使剥离过程代价低廉、节省能量、节省时间。这种情况还消除了对给用户与环境造成危害的剥色化学品的需求。
底膜应当足够薄,从而使表面与层叠片之间的缝隙厚度最小化。在一些具体实施方式中,底膜具有8密尔或者更小的厚度。这种情况包括底膜厚度为6密尔或者更小的具体实施方式,以及底膜厚度为4密尔或者更小的具体实施方式,底膜厚度为2密尔或者更小的具体实施方式,底膜厚度为0.5密尔或者更小的具体实施方式,其中“密尔”定义为千分之一英寸。薄膜厚度的选择至少部分取决于层叠片的目标应用和定位。此外,薄膜类型会影响薄膜的强度。因此,为了保证薄膜具有足够的强度,在保持完整或者较小撕裂程度的条件下从表面剥离,采用更薄尺寸时使用特殊材料薄膜是可行的。表面向层叠片应用的转化是难以察觉的,也是不可避免的,因此,就越来越需要更薄的薄膜。此外,更厚些的薄膜可以用于消除下面不平整、粗糙或者受损的表面。
底膜可以由能够施用或者印刷指示层的任何材料制成。对于底膜的适合材料实例不限于此地包括纺织品、金属薄片、聚合薄片和纸。适合聚合薄片材料的特定实例不限于此地包括聚丙烯薄膜、聚缩醛薄膜、聚酰胺薄膜、聚酸酐薄膜、聚酯薄膜、聚烯烃薄膜、聚苯乙烯薄膜、聚氯乙烯薄膜、聚氯亚乙烯薄膜、聚氨酯薄膜、聚脲薄膜等。在一些具体实施方式中,底膜是透明的,因此通过底膜可以看到指示层。
指示层可以包括设计、图象、图解、文字、或者类似内容,并且可以以连续或者断开的方式存在于底膜上。在一些具体实施方式中,指示层可以是完全覆盖整个底膜的连续层。指示层是由油墨、颜料或者染料配方构成的,其中包括能够使用的任何合适的油墨、染料或者颜料,例如通过干燥转移到底膜的下表面上。在一些具体实施方式中,由指示层提供的图解提供了印刷图解、甚至是照片的外观。在一些具体实施方式中,油墨、颜料或者染料很容易溶解在水或者普通有机溶剂中,并且容易去除,但是不能迁移或者扩散到相邻的底膜、***的中间涂层或者顶端涂层。适合的油墨包括紫外线固化的油墨、水基油墨、或者溶剂基油墨。指示层可以是多色涂层,并且构成指示层的油墨、染料和/或颜料可以存在于单层或者多层结构中。在一些具体实施方式中,油墨配方是100%活性配方。
如上文所述,本发明可以任意包括如图1所示指示层下表面上的粘合涂层、以及缺少指示层的底膜下表面任何部分,其中下表面是指,一旦应用时对应表面的层叠片平面。该粘合涂层是由将指示层与底膜粘合到表面上的粘合剂构成。基于层叠片的目的用途,该粘合剂的粘着性可以广泛变化。如文中所用,名词“粘着性”指的是两个表面之间粘着键形成的程度。本领域技术人员可以理解,特定粘合剂的粘着性可以受到粘合层厚度的影响。在需要提供表面修饰***的具体实施方式中,并且需要很容易地将层叠片从表面去除,那么优选的是,应当选择粘合剂与底膜结合,而不是与待修饰表面结合。在特定具体实施方式中,粘合剂的粘着性范围在50-2000克/平方厘米。这种情况包括粘合剂的粘着性范围在100-1500克/平方厘米的具体实施方式,还包括粘合剂的粘着性范围在150-1000克/平方厘米的具体实施方式。
粘合涂层应当很薄,从而使粘合层、指示层和底膜的总厚度最小化。在各种具体实施方式中,三种成分的总厚度是8密尔或者更小,6密尔或者更小,5密尔或者更小,4密尔或者更小,甚至2密尔或者更小。用于粘合涂层或者粘合层的适合粘合剂包括压敏粘合剂。在一些具体实施方式中,压敏粘合剂是非固化的粘合剂,或者是在施用后不需要固化的粘合剂,因为此类粘合剂可以从一些表面很容易地去除。例如,在一些具体实施方式中,避免使用可固化的环氧树脂类粘合剂。其它适合的粘合剂包括温度敏感粘合剂、可复原粘合剂,或者本领域技术人员公知的其它适合粘合剂。适合的压敏粘合剂实例不限于此地包括美国专利4,845,149、4,879,333和4,923,919公开的实例,其全部内容通过在此引述合并于本文。在一些具体实施方式中,粘合涂层可以包括载体粘合剂。
粘合剂可以直接施用于指示层下表面、底膜下表面任何暴露部分,或者先施用于可去除保护层的表面,其类型下文将详细描述,然后,再施用于临接的指示层下表面或者底膜下表面暴露部分,这样将粘合涂层夹在指示层与可去除的保护层之间。在此具体实施方式中,优选的是,如果粘合剂优选与指示层和/或者底膜下表面暴露部分结合,那么粘合剂就会随着指示层和底膜转移到待修饰的表面上。可以采用任何常规方法,将粘合涂层施用到指示层表面、底膜下表面的暴露部分、或者保护层上。例如,粘合剂可以喷洒涂布、滚压或者印刷到指示层、底膜或者保护层上。在一些具体实施方式中,粘合剂很容易溶解于温和的清洁剂。此外,粘合剂可以直接施用于待修饰的表面或者其部分,然后,将指示层、底膜与粘合剂相粘合。
在一些具体实施方式中,可以省去粘合涂层。例如,在将顶端涂层施用到至少一部分的层叠片过程中,可以使用外部资源,保持指示层、底膜在待修饰表面上的位置,从而确保顶端涂层将层叠片固定在表面上。
如上所述,指示层可以任意含有在指示层下表面和/或底膜下表面的可去除保护层。可去除的下保护层,也就是指示层下表面的保护层,保护指示层免受处理过程中的损害。在可去除的下保护层与指示层之间可以含有释放涂层,从而有助于将指示层转移到待修饰的表面上。在一些具体实施方式中,指示层包括在底膜上表面的可去除上保护层。在此具体实施方式中,上述的粘合涂层可以存在于可去除的保护层与指示层之间。在此结构中可去除的保护层用于防止在粘合剂上汇集碎片,并且防止粘合剂永久地附着在表面上。
可去除的上、下保护层可以由相同或者不同的材料制成。适合的材料不限于此地包括塑料,例如聚酯、聚丙烯、或者聚乙烯。可去除的单或者多保护层可以任选采用透明材料。在一些具体实施方式中,可去除的保护层是由纸构成,可以任选采用经涂布的纸。这种情况具有明显降低表面修饰层叠片生产成本的优点。此外,由于纸可以很容易地循环使用,所以这种具体实施方式节约了能源并减少了浪费。
用于释放涂层的适合材料众所周知,但是不限于此地包括设计为有助于从底膜、指示层或者粘合涂层释放可去除单或者多保护层的聚氯乙烯和丙烯酸树脂类材料。释放涂层可以设计为,在将指示层剩余部分传递给待修饰的表面后,仍旧充分附着在可去除的保护层上。此外,释放涂层可以设计成为,在传递后仍旧充分附着在指示层、粘合涂层或者底膜上。在后一种设计中,释放涂层被称为分离涂层。应当选择并设计分离涂层,使其不能显著影响施加的层叠片厚度,并且可以吸收指示层,而不对指示层的外观产生负面影响。在另一具体实施方式中,基于去除可去除保护层,指示层或者底膜与可去除保护层之间的释放涂层开裂。在各种具体实施方式中,底膜、指示层、任何粘合涂层和任何释放涂层的总厚度是8密尔或者更小,6密尔或者更小,5密尔或者更小,4密尔或者更小,甚至2密尔或者更小。
在施加表面修饰层叠片到待修饰的表面后,可以将至少一个顶端涂层施加到至少一部分层叠片上,并且覆盖至少一部分与层叠片相临的表面。顶端涂层可以是任何常规的密封剂或者涂饰剂,可以施用固体或者液体的顶端涂层。这类顶端涂层众所周知并且商业可得,通常可以用于使表面赋予光泽、阻止污垢、防水、和/或耐划伤与磨损。顶端涂层可以帮助层叠片附着在待修饰的表面上,并且还可以清除层叠片已经存在的极窄边折。顶端涂层提供的另一个优点是,它可以提供具有单一摩擦系数的表面,从而有助于避免绊倒、滑倒和跌倒。然而,顶端涂层并不是必须的。
在一些应用中,例如地板应用,需要使用地板涂饰剂,获得防滑表面或者具有单摩擦系数的表面,从而有助于防止绊倒、滑倒和跌倒。在一些实例中,柔韧性薄膜可以提供充分防滑的表面,然而,当需要增强薄膜的防滑性时,可以在至少一部分薄膜上施加大于薄膜摩擦系数的顶端涂层。在一些具体实施方式中,顶端涂层可以提供防滑表面。如文中所用,“防滑”表面是指,按照ASTM D2047测定,摩擦系数至少为0.5的表面;ASTM D2047是使用James机械测定抛光涂布地板表面静态摩擦系数的标准实验方法。这种情况包括顶端涂层提供摩擦系数至少0.55表面的具体实施方式,还包括顶端涂层提供摩擦系数至少0.6表面的具体实施方式,还包括顶端涂层提供摩擦系数至少0.65表面的具体实施方式,还包括顶端涂层提供摩擦系数至少0.7表面的具体实施方式,还包括顶端涂层提供摩擦系数至少0.75表面的具体实施方式。
适合顶端涂层的实例不限于此地包括聚合体顶端涂层,例如丙烯酸涂饰剂。这类顶端涂层的特定实例包括苯乙烯丙烯酸树脂、尿烷丙烯酸树脂、聚氨酯橡胶,其中包括聚氨酯类材料、乙烯树脂、环氧树脂等。这类顶端涂层可以是,也可以不是可溶于碱的顶端涂层。这类顶端涂层可以经固化处理或者未经固化处理,可以是永久性或者非永久性的顶端涂层。如文中所用,“固化”涂层包括未经交联处理、通过蒸干溶剂再连接固态薄膜生成的涂层(即“蒸发固化”涂层)和交联反应生成的涂层。文中用做顶端涂层、商业可得的地板涂饰剂包括SIGNATURE地板涂饰剂、VECTRA地板涂饰剂、PREMIA地板涂饰剂、JON-WOOD水性地板涂饰剂,所有产品来源于JohnsonDiversey公司。在各种具体实施方式中,层叠片与任何顶端涂层的总厚度是8密尔或者更小,6密尔或者更小,5密尔或者更小,4密尔或者更小,或者2密尔或者更小。然而,也并非强制要求顶端涂层特别薄。
文中所述适用于地板抛光***的商业可得的固化地板涂饰剂包括Signature,一种在室温下固化的金属连接苯乙烯-丙烯酸涂饰剂,来源于JohnsonDiversey公司(Racine WI)。适合的商业可得的蒸发固化地板涂饰剂包括ZF-175、Linobase、JX-400,来源于JohnsonDiversey公司(Racine,WI)。还可以使用混有交联硬化剂的常规地板涂饰剂。例如,Signature可以与大约1%聚氮丙啶混合,获得更持久的交联涂饰剂。
如上文所述,在待修饰表面与层叠片底膜之间,还施加了至少一个中间涂层。适合的中间涂层是众所周知的并且商业可得。中间涂层可以采用与上述顶端涂层相似或者相同的组合物,或者不同的组合物。
在本发明的其他具体实施方式中,先将第一表面修饰层叠片施加到表面上,然后,将顶端涂层施加到至少一部分的第一表面修饰层叠片,接着,将第二表面修饰层叠片施加到顶端涂层上表面,然后,任选施加其它顶端涂层。此外,可以使用层叠片和顶端涂层的替换层,达到所需的效果。在此具体实施方式中,如前述具体实施方式的过程中,在施加第一表面修饰层叠片以前,将中间涂层施加到表面上。在此多层结构中,最上端的层叠片是由一系列的单个层叠片部分或者组片构成。这种具体实施方式是实用的,因为用户观察最上端层叠片的磨损程度,就可以确定表面需要向下端层叠片重新施加顶端涂层的时间。提供多层层叠片的形式也是有优势的,因为这样可以修补下端的层叠片,从而固定孔洞或者消除表面的损伤。此外,还可以提供容易修饰表面外观的层叠片任选涂层,例如,匹配季节性室内装潢或者陈设。
在施加表面修饰层叠片的表面预处理过程中,建议但非必须采用的步骤是,先清洗或者剥离表面,去除污垢、碎片或者相似的废物,以及施用在表面上的任何下方涂层。常规清洁剂包括中性清洁剂、碱性清洁剂、酸性清洁剂、清洁剂/护养剂,或者为了达到目的也可以使用含有聚合体清洁剂的护养剂。这类清洁剂可以是由JohnsonDiversey公司提供的JWP UHS清洁剂。还可以采用除尘擦或者相似的轻度洗涤,去除大部分的污垢与尘土。在清洗与剥离后,将层叠片放置在表面上。施加薄膜先从一个边开始,利用在薄膜下表面的任何粘合剂或者胶带条,将薄膜的一个边粘合在表面上,然后,由此边向外辗压(例如,滚压)薄膜,随着辗压将薄膜压实在表面上。使用带平边的工具,均匀地将薄膜施加到表面上,并且去除任何泡沫、折皱等。这类工具包括研磨棒、固定的刮片、平刮片刮刀,丁字铁,其中包括加负荷的丁字铁与滚轴,其中包括加热和/或加负荷的辊轴。使用钉子或者相似物品刺穿气泡,释放受限制的气体或者液体,可以去除施加薄膜后存留在薄膜内的任何气泡。如果层叠片是由一个或者多个可去除的保护层包裹,那么,去除这些保护层后,暴露出底膜或者粘合涂层,一旦如此,就要将层叠片施加到表面上,通常施加轻度的压力。可以使用研磨棒、刮刀、或者辊轴,均匀地将层叠片施加到表面上,并去除任何气泡、折皱等。将层叠片适当定位并放置在待修饰表面上后,撕掉任何可去除的保护层。然后,向至少一部分层叠片施加顶端涂层。可以施加多个顶端涂层。
此外,可以使用水释放或者水滑动技术,在表面上定位层叠片,由此,将层叠片定位在表面上并施加水份,使底膜滑动,脱离可去除的保护层,并附着在表面上。
发明者令人意想不到地发现,在将指示层和薄膜施加到表面以前,通过将薄层或者雾状小于等于水表面张力的液态润湿剂施加到待抛光的表面上或者指示层的下表面,可以减少或者消除薄膜内的气泡。适合的液态润湿剂包括水,常规清洁溶液,其中包括含乙醇的清洁剂、酸性清洁剂、碱性清洁剂、护养剂、和与文中所用作为顶端涂层相似的地板涂饰剂。
还可以使用可透过气体或者液体的薄膜,或者使用带有一个或者多个穿孔的薄膜,在表面上平整薄膜时,使薄膜下受限制的液体或者气体逸出,从而减少气泡。穿孔可以包括各种形状的孔,然而,优选的是窄裂缝或者针孔,因为在不明显破坏薄膜的平整度同时,窄裂缝与针孔可以使气体与液体逸出。这种情况是需要的,因为随着粗糙区域汇集污垢并且边缘磨损,粗糙表面会很快破损。因此,需要足够多的打孔数量,在不需要使薄膜表面粗糙或者削弱薄膜的条件下,可以减少气泡的数量。在一些具体实施方式中,薄膜平均具有至少1个穿孔/平方英尺。这种情况包括薄膜平均具有至少10个穿孔/平方英尺的具体实施方式。在一些具体实施方式中,薄膜平均具有不超过大约500个穿孔/平方英尺。这种情况包括薄膜平均具有不超过200个穿孔/平方英尺的具体实施方式,还包括薄膜平均具有不超过100个穿孔/平方英尺的具体实施方式,还包括薄膜平均具有不超过大约50个穿孔/平方英尺的具体实施方式。
可以成打或者成卷提供柔韧性薄膜,可以采用单张或者多个更小薄膜部分使用。薄膜部分可以选取各种形状,但是需要包括一个或者多个直线边。适合的形状包括长方形和正方形。当放置多个薄膜部分时,需要各部分以直线边彼此相连,但不能重叠。使用激光指导标线,辅助建立直线边与整齐的对接,可以有利于此过程。
使用常规的清洁剂,可以完成本发明层叠片修饰表面的护养,其中包括中性清洁剂、碱性清洁剂、酸性清洁剂、聚合体清洁剂和聚合体护理剂。可以使用常规的产品,例如由Johnson Diversey公司提供的JWP Stride清洁剂。将清洁剂施用于表面后,可以施加足够的搅拌力,在不损伤层叠片的条件下从层叠片去除污垢。也可以使用常规机械工具完成上述过程,例如自动擦洗器和缓冲机。
可以理解,图示中展示的涂层厚度只起到了说明作用,并不反映每个涂层的实际厚度,或者相对于其它涂层的相对厚度。
这些具体实施方式代表了本发明外观增强和修饰***的一些可能性。尽管结合特定具体实施方式已经描述了本发明的原理,应当清楚地理解,这些描述仅以实例方式进行的,不能用于限定本发明的保护范围。
Claims (20)
1.一种表面修饰层叠片,其中包括:
(a)具有上、下表面的底膜,该膜至少部分覆盖在待修饰的表面上;
(b)在至少部分底膜下表面的指示层;
(c)在至少部分底膜上表面的固化顶端涂层。
2.权利要求1的表面修饰层叠片,其中底膜是透明薄膜,因此可以透过底膜看到指示层。
3.权利要求1的表面修饰层叠片,其中指示层是完全覆盖整个底膜的连续层。
4.权利要求1的表面修饰层叠片,其中指示层印刷在底膜的下表面上。
5.权利要求1的表面修饰层叠片,其中底膜经穿孔处理。
6.权利要求1的表面修饰层叠片,其中底膜包括选自聚丙烯薄膜、聚缩醛薄膜、聚酰胺薄膜、聚酸酐薄膜、聚酯薄膜、聚烯烃薄膜、聚苯乙烯薄膜、聚氯乙烯薄膜、聚氯亚乙烯薄膜、聚氨酯薄膜、聚脲薄膜的薄膜。
7.权利要求1的表面修饰层叠片,其中顶端涂层不是可溶于碱的顶端涂层。
8.权利要求1的表面修饰层叠片,其中顶端涂层是交联的顶端涂层。
9.权利要求1的表面修饰层叠片,其中顶端涂层是永久的顶端涂层。
10.权利要求1的表面修饰层叠片,其中顶端涂层选自丙烯酸涂层、聚氨酯涂层、乙烯树脂涂层和环氧涂层。
11.权利要求1的表面修饰层叠片,还包括夹在待修饰表面与指示层之间的粘合层。
12.一种表面修饰层叠片,其中包括:
(a)具有上、下表面的穿孔底膜,该膜至少部分覆盖在待修饰的表面上;
(b)在至少部分底膜下表面的指示层。
13.权利要求12的表面修饰层叠片,其中底膜是透明薄膜,因此可以透过底膜看到指示层。
14.权利要求12的表面修饰层叠片,其中指示层是完全覆盖整个底膜的连续层。
15.权利要求12的表面修饰层叠片,其中指示层印刷在底膜的下表面上。
16.权利要求12的表面修饰层叠片,其中所述的底膜平均具有至少1个穿孔/平方英尺。
17.权利要求12的表面修饰层叠片,其中所述的底膜平均具有不超过200个穿孔/平方英尺。
18.权利要求12的表面修饰层叠片,其中底膜包括选自聚丙烯薄膜、聚缩醛薄膜、聚酰胺薄膜、聚酸酐薄膜、聚酯薄膜、聚烯烃薄膜、聚苯乙烯薄膜、聚氯乙烯薄膜、聚氯亚乙烯薄膜、聚氨酯薄膜、聚脲薄膜的薄膜。
19.一种表面修饰的方法,该方法包括:
(a)将表面修饰层叠片施用到待修饰的表面上,该表面修饰层叠片包括具有上、下表面的底膜和在至少部分底膜下表面的指示层;
(b)将可固化的组合物施用到至少部分底膜的上表面;
(c)固化上述的组合物,获得固化的聚合顶端涂层。
20.权利要求19的表面修饰方法,还包括在施用层叠片到表面以前,先将表面张力小于等于水的液态湿润剂施加待抛光的表面上、施用到底膜的下表面上、施用到指示层上,这样当层叠片施加到待修饰的表面以后,液态湿润剂涂布在指示层与待抛光表面之间。
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