CH692091A5 - Method for assembly of parts made of wood or wood-like materials. - Google Patents

Method for assembly of parts made of wood or wood-like materials. Download PDF

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Publication number
CH692091A5
CH692091A5 CH02102/94A CH210294A CH692091A5 CH 692091 A5 CH692091 A5 CH 692091A5 CH 02102/94 A CH02102/94 A CH 02102/94A CH 210294 A CH210294 A CH 210294A CH 692091 A5 CH692091 A5 CH 692091A5
Authority
CH
Switzerland
Prior art keywords
parts
joined
wood
welding
sonotrode
Prior art date
Application number
CH02102/94A
Other languages
German (de)
Inventor
Heinrich Koester
Laurant Torriani
Peter Perlen
Marcel Aeschlimann
Elmar Mock
Original Assignee
Woodwelding Ag
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Woodwelding Ag filed Critical Woodwelding Ag
Priority to CH02102/94A priority Critical patent/CH692091A5/en
Priority to AU29786/95A priority patent/AU2978695A/en
Priority to PCT/EP1995/002527 priority patent/WO1996001377A1/en
Publication of CH692091A5 publication Critical patent/CH692091A5/en

Links

Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/50Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like
    • B29C65/5057Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like positioned between the surfaces to be joined
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/4805Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the type of adhesives
    • B29C65/481Non-reactive adhesives, e.g. physically hardening adhesives
    • B29C65/4815Hot melt adhesives, e.g. thermoplastic adhesives
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/56Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/56Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
    • B29C65/562Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits using extra joining elements, i.e. which are not integral with the parts to be joined
    • B29C65/564Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits using extra joining elements, i.e. which are not integral with the parts to be joined hidden in the joint, e.g. dowels or Z-pins
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/56Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
    • B29C65/60Riveting or staking
    • B29C65/601Riveting or staking using extra riveting elements, i.e. the rivets being non-integral with the parts to be joined
    • B29C65/603Riveting or staking using extra riveting elements, i.e. the rivets being non-integral with the parts to be joined the rivets being pushed in blind holes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/56Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
    • B29C65/60Riveting or staking
    • B29C65/601Riveting or staking using extra riveting elements, i.e. the rivets being non-integral with the parts to be joined
    • B29C65/603Riveting or staking using extra riveting elements, i.e. the rivets being non-integral with the parts to be joined the rivets being pushed in blind holes
    • B29C65/604Riveting or staking using extra riveting elements, i.e. the rivets being non-integral with the parts to be joined the rivets being pushed in blind holes in both parts
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/114Single butt joints
    • B29C66/1142Single butt to butt joints
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/116Single bevelled joints, i.e. one of the parts to be joined being bevelled in the joint area
    • B29C66/1162Single bevel to bevel joints, e.g. mitre joints
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/12Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/124Tongue and groove joints
    • B29C66/1242Tongue and groove joints comprising interlocking undercuts
    • B29C66/12423Dovetailed interlocking undercuts
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/12Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/124Tongue and groove joints
    • B29C66/1248Interpenetrating groove joints
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/20Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines
    • B29C66/22Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being in the form of recurring patterns
    • B29C66/227Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being in the form of recurring patterns being in the form of repetitive interlocking undercuts, e.g. in the form of puzzle cuts
    • B29C66/2274Dovetailed interlocking undercuts
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/302Particular design of joint configurations the area to be joined comprising melt initiators
    • B29C66/3022Particular design of joint configurations the area to be joined comprising melt initiators said melt initiators being integral with at least one of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/30223Particular design of joint configurations the area to be joined comprising melt initiators said melt initiators being integral with at least one of the parts to be joined said melt initiators being rib-like
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • B29C66/434Joining substantially flat articles for forming corner connections, fork connections or cross connections
    • B29C66/4342Joining substantially flat articles for forming corner connections, e.g. for making V-shaped pieces
    • B29C66/43421Joining substantially flat articles for forming corner connections, e.g. for making V-shaped pieces with a right angle, e.g. for making L-shaped pieces
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/74Joining plastics material to non-plastics material
    • B29C66/748Joining plastics material to non-plastics material to natural products or their composites, not provided for in groups B29C66/742 - B29C66/746
    • B29C66/7487Wood
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/832Reciprocating joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/8322Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/08Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/4805Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the type of adhesives
    • B29C65/481Non-reactive adhesives, e.g. physically hardening adhesives
    • B29C65/482Drying adhesives, e.g. solvent based adhesives
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/4805Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the type of adhesives
    • B29C65/481Non-reactive adhesives, e.g. physically hardening adhesives
    • B29C65/4825Pressure sensitive adhesives
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/4805Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the type of adhesives
    • B29C65/483Reactive adhesives, e.g. chemically curing adhesives
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/731General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7316Surface properties
    • B29C66/73161Roughness or rugosity
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7394General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoset
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2711/00Use of natural products or their composites, not provided for in groups B29K2601/00 - B29K2709/00, for preformed parts, e.g. for inserts
    • B29K2711/14Wood, e.g. woodboard or fibreboard

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Description

       

  



  Die Erfindung liegt auf dem Gebiete der Holzverarbeitungstechnik und betrifft ein Verfahren gemäss dem ersten unabhängigen Patentanspruch zum Zusammenfügen von Teilen aus Holz oder aus holzähnlichen Materialien. 



  Teile aus Holz oder holzähnlichen Materialien (Holzwerkstoffen), wie beispielsweise Sperrholz oder Spanplatten, werden gemäss dem Stande der Technik zusammengefügt, entweder durch mechanische Verbindungsmittel, wie beispielsweise Schrauben oder Nägel, oder sie werden verleimt, wobei üblicherweise auf beide zusammenzufügenden Oberflächen ein Klebstoff aufgebracht wird und die beiden Oberflächen dann während einer von der Art des Klebstoffes abhängigen Trocknungs- oder Erhärtungszeit zusammengepresst werden. 



  Sollen die durch das Zusammenfügen herzustellenden Gegenstände lackiert, das heisst mit einem farblosen Lack oder einer Farbe behandelt werden, ergeben sich je nach Fügetechnik und verwendetem Lack die folgenden Schwierigkeiten: beim Schrauben oder Nageln kann eine Verletzung einer vorher aufgebrachten Farb- oder Lackschicht kaum verhindert werden; Lack schichten auf durch Leimen zusammenzufügenden Oberflächen können die Hafteigenschaften des Klebstoffes negativ beeinflussen; aus Verbindungsstellen ausgepresster Klebstoff kann die Hafteigenschaften von nachträglich aufgetragenen Farben und Lacken negativ beeinflussen oder vor dem Leimen aufgebrachte Lacke oder Farben verfärben. 



  Es ist nun die Aufgabe der Erfindung, ein Verfahren zum Zusammenfügen von Teilen aus Holz oder holzähnlichen Materialien aufzuzeigen, das einfach ist und sich insbesondere eignet für die Herstellung von mit Schutz- und/oder Farblack lackierten Gegenständen aus einzelnen, zusammenzufügenden Teilen. 



  Diese Aufgabe wird gelöst durch das Verfahren, wie es in den Patentansprüchen definiert ist. 



  Das Verfahren besteht im Wesentlichen aus zwei Schritten. In einem ersten Schritt wird mindestens einer von zwei zusammenzufügenden Teilen aus Holz oder holzähnlichem Material mit einem Schutz- und/oder Farblack lackiert, das heisst, er wird mit einem Lack behandelt, dessen an sich bekannte Funktion es ist, die Holzoberfläche beispielsweise gegen Witterungseinflüsse zu schützen und/oder dieser Oberfläche eine bestimmte Farbe zu verleihen. Die Behandlung mit dem Lack besteht dabei aus dem Aufbringen des Lackes, beispielsweise durch Streichen, Spritzen, Tauchen, Rollwalzen oder Giessen, und aus einem darauf folgenden Abwarten, bis der Lack getrocknet oder erhärtet ist, wobei das Auftragen und Trocknenlassen wiederholt werden kann und wobei beispielsweise als Erstes eine Grundierung und dann erst der Lack aufgetragen wird.

   Die Lackierung kann sich auf zusammenzufügende Oberflächenbereiche beschränken, erstreckt sich aber vorteilhafterweise über wei tere, zur Oberfläche des fertigen Gegenstandes gehörende Bereiche oder über ganze zusammenzufügende Teile. 



  In einem zweiten Schritt werden dann die zusammenzufügenden Oberflächen, von denen nur die eine oder beide eine Lackschicht (vorteilhafterweise trocken bzw. erhärtet) tragen, aufeinander gebracht und mittels mechanischer Anregung verschweisst. Die mechanische Anregung geschieht vorzugsweise durch Ultraschallwellen (Ultraschallschweissen), wobei mindestens die eine der zu verbindenden Oberflächen zu Schwingungen mit Ultraschallfrequenz und senkrecht zu dieser Oberfläche angeregt wird. Dazu wird mindestens einer der zusammenzufügenden Teile mindestens im Bereiche der zu erstellenden Verbindung zwischen einer mit Ultraschall anregbaren Fläche (Arbeitsfläche einer Sonotrode) und einem Amboss unter einem Schweissdruck gehalten und mit Ultraschallwellen beaufschlagt.

   Nach einer kurzen Schweisszeit und vorzugsweise einer kurzen Haltezeit sind die Teile durch eine Verschweissung der einen Lackschicht mit der Holzoberfläche oder der beiden Lackschichten der Verbindungsstelle miteinander verbunden. 



  Es ist auch möglich, die Verschweissung vorzunehmen, bevor die zuletzt aufgetragene Lackschicht völlig trocken bzw. erhärtet ist. Es zeigt sich für einen derartigen Fall, dass die Trocknung bzw. Erhärtung durch die Verschweissung sogar beschleunigt wird. 



  An Stelle einer Ultraschallverschweissung kann auch eine Reibschweissung oder Orbitalschweissung zur Anwendung kommen, wobei die zu verbindenden Oberflächen im Wesentlichen parallel zueinander bewegt werden (gradlinig oder zyklisch). 



  Die Bedingungen, die das erfindungsgemässe Verfahren an die zusammenzufügenden Teile und an den Lack stellt, sind die folgenden:
 - Der Lack muss in seinem trockenen bzw. erhärteten Zustand einen thermoplastischen Bestandteil aufweisen, was für viele handelsübliche, synthetische Lacke (farblos oder farbig), sowohl wasserlöslicher oder lösungsmittellöslicher Art der Fall ist.
 - Die aneinander zu fügenden Oberflächen der Teile müssen innerhalb relativ enger Grenzen parallel sein, wobei Holzoberflächen mit einer für zu lackierende Flächen normalen Rauheit ohne Probleme verarbeitet werden können. Ferner müssen die zu verbindenden Oberflächen für die sehr kurze Schweisszeit (Grössenordnung: eine Sekunde) und gegebenenfalls eine ebenfalls kurze Haltezeit (Grössenordnung: einige Sekunden) gegeneinander pressbar und seitlich führbar sein. 



  Die Vorteile des erfindungsgemässen Verfahrens sind die folgenden:
 - Für zwei Funktionen muss nur ein einziger Stoff (Lack) auf die Oberflächen der Teile aufgetragen werden: an Oberflächen des fertigen Gegenstandes übernimmt der Lack eine Schutz- und/oder Färbefunktion, an den zusammenzufügenden Oberflächen der Teile die Funktion eines Verbindungsmittels (vergleichbar mit der Funktion eines Klebstoffes) in Form einer verschweissbaren Beschichtung.
 - Die Herstellung eines aus Teilen zusammengefügten und lackierten Gegenstandes wird beschleunigt, da für das Zusammenfügen das Auftragen eines Klebstoffes und eine Trocknungs- bzw. Erhärtungszeit für den Klebstoff entfällt. Die notwendigen Schweisszeiten (inkl.

   Haltezeit) sind sehr klein (wenige Sekunden). 
 - Die Herstellung mehrfarbiger Gegenstände wird erleichtert durch Färben von Teilen und nachträglichem Zusammenfügen.
 - Es können statt ganzer Gegenstände einzelne Teile lackiert werden, was insbesondere bei grösseren Gegenständen und Tauch- oder Tunnel-Lackierverfahren eine Verkleinerung der notwendigen Apparaturen zur Folge haben kann.
 - An Gegenständen mit mehreren Fügestellen können diese, ohne die für das Zusammenfügen notwendige Zeit gewaltig zu erhöhen, nacheinander verschweisst werden, sodass notwendige Einspannvorrichtungen einfacher und kleiner werden können.
 - Zwischen Lackieren und Verschweissen können beliebig lange Lagerzeiten eingeschaltet werden. 



  Versuche mit Teilen aus Buchen- und Fichtenholz, die mit Lacken auf Acrylbasis durchgeführt wurden, zeigen, dass bei Lackierungen mit üblichen Schichtdicken im Bereiche von 0,1 mm durch Ultraschallschweissen Verbindungen entstehen mit Zugscherfestigkeiten im Bereiche von 5 N/mm<2>, was der Festigkeit von mit üblichen Klebstoffen hergestellten Verbindungen zwischen Holzteilen und der Zugfestigkeit beispielsweise von europäischen Nadelhölzern selbst entspricht. 



  Das erfindungsgemässe Verfahren wird anhand der folgenden Figuren mehr im Detail beschrieben. Dabei zeigen: 
 
   Fig. 1 eine beispielhafte Anordnung zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemässen Verfahrens; 
   Fig. 2 und 3 Versuchsresultate mit Schweissverbindungen zwischen lackierten Teilen aus Fichtenholz (Fig. 2) und Buchenholz (Fig. 3); 
   Fig. 4 bis 6 weitere beispielhafte Anordnungen zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemässen Verfahrens. 
 



  Fig. 1 zeigt eine beispielhafte Anordnung für die Durchführung des erfindungsgemässen Verfahrens. Für die Verschweissung von lackierten Holzteilen A und B wird eine an sich bekannte Ultraschall-Schweissanlage verwendet. Diese weist einerseits eine mit Ultraschall anregbare Fläche 1 (Arbeitsfläche einer Sonotrode 4) und eine stabile Ambossfläche 2 auf, wobei die zu verbindenden Teile A und B, die beispielsweise eine allseitige Lackschicht L tragen (oder wenigstens einer davon, siehe weiter unten), unter einem Schweissdruck P zwischen Sonotroden-Arbeitsfläche 1 und Ambossfläche 2 gehalten werden. Um eine seitliche Verschiebung der zusammenzufügenden Teile A und B zu verhindern, sind üblicherweise auch seitliche Haltemittel (in der Figur durch Pfeile S angedeutet) notwendig. 



  Die Ultraschallschweissanlage besitzt zur Erzeugung und Übertragung der Ultraschallenergie die folgenden (in der Fig. 1 nicht dargestellten) Teile: einen Generator zur Erzeugung elekromagnetischer Wellen mit einer Frequenz üblicherweise im Bereiche von ca. 18 kHz bis 140 kHz (beispielsweise 20 oder 40 kHz), einen Konverter, der die elektromagnetischen Wellen in mechanische Wellen verwandelt und meist eine Verbindung von mehreren piezoelektrischen Elementen ist, und einen Resonanzteil (oft zweiteilig: Booster und Sonotrode 4), durch den die erzeugten, mechanischen Wellen gegebenenfalls amplitudentransformiert über die bereits erwähnte anregbare Fläche 1 (Arbeitsfläche der Sonotrode 4) auf den einen der zu verschweissenden Teile (A) durch mechanische Koppelung übertragen werden. 



  Die vom Konverter erzeugten mechanischen Wellen werden durch sorgfältige Abstimmung der Materialien und Formen von Konverter, Booster und Sonotrode möglichst verlustarm übertragen, dadurch dass diese Teile möglichst in Resonanz schwingen und stehende Wellen (mit stationären Knotenpunkten) entstehen. 



  Die Schweissparameter sind insbesondere die Frequenz der erzeugten Ultraschallwellen, die Amplitude, mit der die Arbeitsfläche 1 der Sonotrode bzw. die zu verschweissende Fläche 3 des von der Sonotrode angeregten Teiles A schwingt, die vom System aufgenommene Leistung, der Schweissdruck P und die Schweisszeit. 



  Frequenz und maximale Leistung des Ultraschalles sind üblicherweise durch die Ultraschallanlage vorgegeben. Die Amplitude der schwingenden Arbeitsfläche 3 der Sonotrode 4 ist abhängig von der Amplitude des Konverters und der Wahl von Booster und Sonotrode. Schweissdruck, Amplitude und aufgenommene Leistung sind im System miteinander verknüpft derart, dass für eine bestimmte Amplitude und eine bestimmte maximale Leistung der Schweissdruck begrenzt ist (je kleiner die Amplitude, desto höher der mögliche Schweissdruck), dass bei konstantem Schweissdruck und höherer Amplitude mehr Leistung aufgenommen wird und dass bei konstanter Amplitude und höherem Schweissdruck mehr Leistung aufgenommen wird. 



  Da es sich bei der erfindungsgemässen Verschweissung von lackierten Holzteilen meist um so genannte Fernfeldverschweissungen (Verschweissung von Flächen, die von der Arbeitsfläche der Sonotrode mehr als ca. 1 cm entfernt sind) handelt, ist das Schweissen mit relativ grossen Amplituden empfehlenswert. 



  Die für eine bestimmte Schweissung notwendige Schweissenergie wird unter anderem bestimmt durch die Art des zu verschweissenden Lackes und die Geometrie der zu verschweissenden Teile (Energieverluste im Teilmaterial). Bei einer Schweissleistung, die vornehmlich durch das System gegeben ist, wird die Schweissenergie über die Schweisszeit kontrolliert. 



  Theoretisch wäre eine optimal Energie-effiziente Verschweissung zu erwarten, wenn der erste zu verschweissende Teil A mit der Sonotrode mechanisch vollständig gekoppelt wäre, mit dieser in Resonanz schwingen würde und derart ausgestaltet wäre (Anordnung von Knotenpunkten in diesem Teil), dass seine zu verschweissende Oberfläche mit einer für die Verschweissung geeigneten Amplitude schwingen würde. Ferner sollten die beiden zu verschweissenden Oberflächen möglichst wenig mechanisch gekoppelt sein, damit die Wellen sich möglichst wenig in den zweiten Teil B und in den Amboss 5 fortpflanzen. Sobald der Lack zwischen den beiden zu verbindenden Oberflächen weich wird, entfällt die mechanische Koppelung zwischen den zu verbindenden Teilen A und B. 



  Ultraschall-Schweissversuche, durchgeführt mit einer Anordnung gemäss Fig. 1, zeigen, dass trotz gleichen Druckverhältnissen an den Berührungsflächen zwischen Sonotrode und lackiertem Holz bzw. zwischen Amboss und lackiertem Holz wie an den zu verbindenden Oberflächen zwischen den zu verbindenden Oberflächen eine gute Schweissverbindung entsteht, während an den anderen Berührungsflächen (mit Sonotrode bzw. Amboss) keine Veränderung der lackierten Oberfläche zu verzeichnen ist, diese nach der Schweissung also auch nicht an der Sonotrode bzw. am Amboss haftet. Das heisst mit anderen Worten, die Koppelung zwischen Sonotrode und erstem zu verschweissendem Teil ist genügend gross, diejenige zwischen den zu verbindenden Oberflächen genügend klein. Dies gilt insbesondere bei der Verwendung von sehr glatten Sonotroden- und Amboss-Flächen.

   Sind diese rau oder uneben, entstehen in Lackschichten, die bei der Verschweissung auf diesen Flächen aufliegen, entsprechende Abdrücke. 



  Für jede spezifische Anwendungen müssen die Schweissparameter experimentell bestimmt werden. 



  Die beiden Fig. 2 und 3 zeigen Versuchsresultate zu Verschweissungen (Anordnung gemäss Fig. 1) von je zwei Fichtenholzteilen (Fig. 2) und je zwei Buchenholzteilen (Fig. 3), die vorgängig mit einem Acryllack beschichtet wurden. Die verwendeten Lacke waren einerseits eine mit Wasser verdünnbare Deckfarbe auf Reinacrylbasis auf einer entsprechenden Grundierung (Sigmalith-Acryl-Satin des Lieferanten Ernit AG, Dietikon) und andererseits ein mit Kunstharzverdünner verdünnbarer Klarlack auf Acrylbasis (Amicryl-Klarlack des Lieferanten Trila Color, Zofingen). Die Schichtdicken waren, wie für Lackierungen mit derartigen Lacken üblich, im Bereiche von ca. 0,1 mm. Zur Durchführung der Versuche wurde eine Ultraschallschweissanlage der Firma Branson (Typ 921) verwendet. Verschweisst wurden ebene, parallel zur Sonotroden-Arbeitsfläche gerichtete Flächen von je ca. 400 mm<2>.

   Die Schweissparameter waren dabei: Frequenz 20 kHz; maximale Leistung 2000 W; Amplitude (an der Arbeitsfläche der Sonotrode): ca. 60  mu m; Schweisszeiten zwischen 0,2 und 2 Sekunden; Haltezeit ca. 5 sec und Schweisskraft (Kraft zum Zusammenpressen der Teile) zwischen 200 und 800 N. 



  Die Figuren zeigen die Abhängigkeit einer für die Zerstörung der erzeugten Verbindungen notwendigen Spannungen (in N/mm<2>) in Abhängigkeit der Schweisszeit und der Schweisskraft. Die Messwerte weisen eine hohe Streuung auf dadurch, dass die hergestellten und untersuchten Verbindungen teils Hirnholz mit Hirnholz, teils Seitenholz mit Seitenholz und teils Hirnholz mit Seitenholz verbanden. 



  Fig. 4 bis 6 zeigen nun noch mögliche Verschweissungen, bei denen die zu verschweissenden Oberflächen nicht parallel zur Sonotroden-Arbeitsfläche 1 und zur Ambossoberfläche 2 verlaufen. Die Lackschichten auf den zu verbindenden Teilen sind nicht dargestellt, erstrecken sich aber gemäss erfindungsgemässem Verfahren mindestens im Bereiche der durch die Ultraschallschweissung zu verbindenden Oberflächen der Teile A und B. Gleiche Teile sind mit gleichen Bezugsnummern bezeichnet wie in der Fig. 1. 



  Fig. 4 stellt eine zu erstellende, schief zur Sonotroden-Arbeitsfläche 1 ausgerichtete Schweissverbindung 6 dar, die mit dem erfindungsgemässen Verfahren ebenfalls hergestellt werden kann, wobei die Sonotroden-Arbeitsfläche 1 vorteilhafterweise, wie dargestellt, etwa die Grösse der Projektion der Schweissverbindung aufweist. Für derartige Anwendungen sind seitliche Haltemittel (Pfeile S) besonders wichtig. 



  Fig. 4 stellt eine Anwendung dar, in der die Funktion von seitlichen Haltemitteln mindestens teilweise von der Form der Schweissverbindung 6 übernommen werden. Es handelt sich um eine zu erstellende, aus verschieden ausgerichteten Schweissflächen zusammengesetzte Schweissverbindung, wie sie in der Holztechnik vielfach angewandt wird. Auch eine derartige Schweissverbindung kann mit dem erfindungsgemässen Verfahren erstellt werden, wobei wiederum die Sonotroden-Arbeitsfläche 1, wie dargestellt, vorteilhafterweise etwa die Grösse der Projektion der Schweissverbindung aufweist. 



  Fig. 6 zeigt schliesslich noch eine zu erstellende Schweissverbindung 6, die senkrecht zur Sonotroden-Arbeitsfläche 1 und zur Ambossoberfläche 2 verläuft. Auch eine derartige Schweissverbindung kann mit dem erfindungsge mässen Verfahren ausgeführt werden. In diesem Falle übernehmen die seitlichen Haltemittel (Pfeile S) einen Teil der Funktion des Schweissdruckes P. Die Sonotroden-Arbeitsfläche 1 ist für diese Anwendung vorteilhafterweise schmal und regt, wie in den anderen beschriebenen Anwendungen, auch hier nur den einen (A) der beiden zu verbindenden Teile an. 



  Es ist auch möglich, Ambossflächen zu benützen, die nicht parallel zur Sonotroden-Arbeitsfläche verlaufen und/oder nicht ebene Sonotroden-Arbeitsflächen oder Ambossoberflächen.



  



  The invention is in the field of wood processing technology and relates to a method according to the first independent claim for joining parts made of wood or of wood-like materials.



  Parts made of wood or wood-like materials (wood-based materials), such as plywood or chipboard, are joined together according to the prior art, either by mechanical connecting means, such as screws or nails, or they are glued, with an adhesive usually being applied to both surfaces to be joined and the two surfaces are then pressed together during a drying or hardening time depending on the type of adhesive.



  Depending on the joining technique and the varnish used, the following difficulties arise if the objects to be produced by the assembly are to be painted, that is to say treated with a colorless varnish or paint: When screwing or nailing, injury to a previously applied layer of paint or varnish can hardly be prevented ; Layers of lacquer on surfaces to be glued together can have a negative effect on the adhesive properties of the adhesive; Adhesive pressed out of connection points can negatively influence the adhesive properties of subsequently applied paints and varnishes or discolor varnishes or paints applied before gluing.



  It is the object of the invention to provide a method for joining parts made of wood or wood-like materials, which is simple and is particularly suitable for the production of objects coated with protective and / or colored lacquer from individual parts to be joined.



  This object is achieved by the method as defined in the patent claims.



  The process essentially consists of two steps. In a first step, at least one of two parts to be joined made of wood or wood-like material is coated with a protective and / or colored lacquer, that is, it is treated with a lacquer, the function of which is known per se, is to protect the wood surface against weather influences, for example protect and / or give this surface a certain color. The treatment with the varnish consists of applying the varnish, for example by brushing, spraying, dipping, rolling or pouring, and then waiting until the varnish has dried or hardened, in which case the application and letting it dry can be repeated and where For example, first a primer and then the paint is applied.

   The painting can be limited to surface areas to be joined, but advantageously extends over other areas belonging to the surface of the finished article or over entire parts to be joined.



  In a second step, the surfaces to be joined, of which only one or both of them have a lacquer layer (advantageously dry or hardened), are brought together and welded by means of mechanical excitation. The mechanical excitation is preferably carried out by ultrasonic waves (ultrasonic welding), at least one of the surfaces to be connected being excited to vibrate at an ultrasonic frequency and perpendicular to this surface. For this purpose, at least one of the parts to be joined is held under welding pressure at least in the area of the connection to be created between a surface that can be excited with ultrasound (working surface of a sonotrode) and an anvil and is subjected to ultrasound waves.

   After a short welding time and preferably a short holding time, the parts are connected to one another by welding the one lacquer layer to the wood surface or the two lacquer layers of the connection point.



  It is also possible to carry out the welding before the lacquer layer applied last is completely dry or hardened. In such a case, it turns out that the drying or hardening is even accelerated by the welding.



  Instead of ultrasound welding, friction welding or orbital welding can also be used, the surfaces to be connected being moved essentially parallel to one another (in a straight line or cyclically).



  The conditions which the process according to the invention places on the parts to be joined and on the paint are as follows:
 - The paint must have a thermoplastic component in its dry or hardened state, which is the case for many commercially available synthetic paints (colorless or colored), both water-soluble or solvent-soluble.
 - The surfaces of the parts to be joined together must be parallel within relatively narrow limits, whereby wooden surfaces with a roughness normal for surfaces to be painted can be processed without problems. Furthermore, the surfaces to be joined must be able to be pressed against one another and guided laterally for the very short welding time (order of magnitude: one second) and possibly also a short holding time (order of magnitude: a few seconds).



  The advantages of the method according to the invention are as follows:
 - For two functions, only a single substance (varnish) has to be applied to the surfaces of the parts: on the surfaces of the finished object, the varnish takes on a protective and / or coloring function, on the surfaces of the parts to be joined together the function of a connecting agent (comparable to the Function of an adhesive) in the form of a weldable coating.
 - The production of an object assembled and painted from parts is accelerated since the application of an adhesive and a drying or hardening time for the adhesive are eliminated for the assembly. The necessary welding times (incl.

   Holding time) are very short (a few seconds).
 - The production of multi-colored objects is facilitated by coloring parts and subsequent assembly.
 - Instead of entire objects, individual parts can be painted, which can result in a reduction in the size of the necessary equipment, especially in the case of larger objects and dip or tunnel painting processes.
 - On objects with several joints, these can be welded one after the other without significantly increasing the time required for the assembly, so that the necessary clamping devices can be simpler and smaller.
 - Storage times of any length can be switched on between painting and welding.



  Tests with parts made of beech and spruce wood, which were carried out with acrylic-based varnishes, show that in coatings with conventional layer thicknesses in the range of 0.1 mm by ultrasonic welding, connections with tensile shear strengths in the range of 5 N / mm <2> are produced, which corresponds to the strength of connections between wooden parts made with conventional adhesives and the tensile strength, for example, of European softwoods themselves.



  The method according to the invention is described in more detail with reference to the following figures. Show:
 
   1 shows an exemplary arrangement for carrying out the method according to the invention;
   Fig. 2 and 3 test results with welded connections between painted parts made of spruce wood (Fig. 2) and beech wood (Fig. 3);
   4 to 6 further exemplary arrangements for carrying out the method according to the invention.
 



  1 shows an exemplary arrangement for carrying out the method according to the invention. A known ultrasonic welding system is used for welding painted wooden parts A and B. On the one hand, this has a surface 1 that can be excited with ultrasound (working surface of a sonotrode 4) and a stable anvil surface 2, parts A and B to be connected, which, for example, carry an all-round lacquer layer L (or at least one of them, see below) below a welding pressure P between sonotrode work surface 1 and anvil surface 2 can be maintained. In order to prevent lateral displacement of the parts A and B to be joined, lateral holding means (indicated by arrows S in the figure) are usually also necessary.



  The ultrasonic welding system has the following parts (not shown in FIG. 1) for generating and transmitting the ultrasonic energy: a generator for producing electromagnetic waves with a frequency usually in the range from approximately 18 kHz to 140 kHz (for example 20 or 40 kHz), a converter that converts the electromagnetic waves into mechanical waves and is usually a combination of several piezoelectric elements, and a resonance section (often in two parts: booster and sonotrode 4), by means of which the mechanical waves generated are, if necessary, amplitude-transformed via the aforementioned excitable surface 1 (Working surface of the sonotrode 4) are transferred to one of the parts to be welded (A) by mechanical coupling.



  The mechanical waves generated by the converter are transmitted with as little loss as possible by carefully coordinating the materials and shapes of the converter, booster and sonotrode, as a result of these parts vibrating as much as possible and standing waves (with stationary nodes) being created.



  The welding parameters are in particular the frequency of the ultrasound waves generated, the amplitude with which the working surface 1 of the sonotrode or the surface 3 to be welded of the part A excited by the sonotrode vibrates, the power absorbed by the system, the welding pressure P and the welding time.



  Frequency and maximum power of the ultrasound are usually specified by the ultrasound system. The amplitude of the vibrating working surface 3 of the sonotrode 4 depends on the amplitude of the converter and the choice of booster and sonotrode. Welding pressure, amplitude and power consumed are linked in the system in such a way that the welding pressure is limited for a certain amplitude and a certain maximum power (the smaller the amplitude, the higher the possible welding pressure), that more power is consumed with a constant welding pressure and higher amplitude and that more power is consumed with constant amplitude and higher welding pressure.



  Since the welding of painted wooden parts according to the invention is mostly so-called far-field welding (welding of surfaces that are more than approx. 1 cm away from the working surface of the sonotrode), welding with relatively large amplitudes is recommended.



  The welding energy required for a specific weld is determined, among other things, by the type of paint to be welded and the geometry of the parts to be welded (energy losses in the part material). In the case of a welding performance that is primarily provided by the system, the welding energy is controlled over the welding time.



  Theoretically, optimally energy-efficient welding would be expected if the first part A to be welded were mechanically completely coupled to the sonotrode, resonate with it and were designed (arrangement of nodes in this part) such that its surface to be welded would vibrate with an amplitude suitable for the welding. Furthermore, the two surfaces to be welded should be mechanically coupled as little as possible so that the waves propagate as little as possible into the second part B and into the anvil 5. As soon as the paint between the two surfaces to be connected becomes soft, there is no mechanical coupling between parts A and B.



  Ultrasonic welding tests, carried out with an arrangement according to FIG. 1, show that despite the same pressure conditions on the contact surfaces between the sonotrode and the lacquered wood or between the anvil and the lacquered wood, as on the surfaces to be joined, a good weld connection is produced between the surfaces to be joined, While there is no change in the painted surface on the other contact surfaces (with sonotrode or anvil), it does not adhere to the sonotrode or anvil after welding. In other words, the coupling between the sonotrode and the first part to be welded is sufficiently large, that between the surfaces to be connected is sufficiently small. This is especially true when using very smooth sonotrode and anvil surfaces.

   If these are rough or uneven, appropriate impressions are created in the lacquer layers that lie on these surfaces during welding.



  The welding parameters must be determined experimentally for each specific application.



  The two FIGS. 2 and 3 show test results for welding (arrangement according to FIG. 1) of two spruce wood parts (FIG. 2) and two beech wood parts (FIG. 3), which were previously coated with an acrylic varnish. The varnishes used were, on the one hand, a water-thinnable top coat based on pure acrylic on a suitable primer (Sigmalith-Acryl-Satin from the supplier Ernit AG, Dietikon) and, on the other hand, a clear lacquer on an acrylic basis that could be thinned with synthetic resin thinner (Amicryl clear lacquer from the supplier Trila Color, Zofingen). The layer thicknesses, as is customary for paints with such paints, were in the range of approximately 0.1 mm. An ultrasonic welding system from Branson (type 921) was used to carry out the tests. Flat surfaces of approx. 400 mm <2>, parallel to the sonotrode work surface, were welded.

   The welding parameters were: frequency 20 kHz; maximum power 2000 W; Amplitude (on the working surface of the sonotrode): approx. 60 μm; Welding times between 0.2 and 2 seconds; Holding time approx. 5 sec and welding force (force for pressing the parts together) between 200 and 800 N.



  The figures show the dependency of a tension (in N / mm 2) necessary for the destruction of the connections produced as a function of the welding time and the welding force. The measured values show a high degree of variation due to the fact that the connections made and investigated partly connected end grain with end grain, partly side wood with side wood and partly end grain with side wood.



  4 to 6 show possible welds in which the surfaces to be welded do not run parallel to the sonotrode work surface 1 and the anvil surface 2. The layers of lacquer on the parts to be connected are not shown, but according to the method according to the invention extend at least in the areas of the surfaces of parts A and B to be connected by ultrasound welding. The same parts are identified by the same reference numbers as in FIG. 1.



  FIG. 4 shows a welded connection 6 to be created, oriented obliquely to the sonotrode work surface 1, which can also be produced using the method according to the invention, the sonotrode work surface 1 advantageously, as shown, having approximately the size of the projection of the welded connection. Lateral holding means (arrows S) are particularly important for such applications.



  FIG. 4 shows an application in which the function of lateral holding means is at least partially taken over by the shape of the welded connection 6. It is a welded joint to be created, composed of differently aligned welding surfaces, as is often used in wood technology. Such a welded joint can also be created using the method according to the invention, the sonotrode work surface 1 again, as shown, advantageously having approximately the size of the projection of the welded joint.



  6 finally shows a weld connection 6 to be created, which runs perpendicular to the sonotrode work surface 1 and to the anvil surface 2. Such a welded joint can also be carried out using the method according to the invention. In this case, the lateral holding means (arrows S) take over part of the function of the welding pressure P. The sonotrode work surface 1 is advantageously narrow for this application and, like in the other applications described, only stimulates one (A) of the two here parts to be connected.



  It is also possible to use anvil surfaces that are not parallel to the sonotrode work surface and / or non-flat sonotrode work surfaces or anvil surfaces.


    

Claims (10)

1. Verfahren zum Zusammenfügen von Teilen (A, B) aus Holz oder holzähnlichem Material, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass auf mindestens einem der zusammenzufügenden Teile (A, B) mindestens im Bereiche der zusammenzufügenden Oberfläche ein Schutz- und/oder Farblack (L) aufgebracht wird, welcher Lack einen thermoplastischen Bestandteil aufweist, und dass dann die zusammenzufügenden Oberflächen zusammengebracht und durch mechanische Anregung mittels der dazwischenliegenden Lackschicht oder Lackschichten miteinander verbunden werden.   1. A method for joining parts (A, B) of wood or wood-like material, characterized in that a protective and / or colored lacquer (L) is applied to at least one of the parts to be joined (A, B) at least in the area of the surface to be joined which paint has a thermoplastic component, and that the surfaces to be joined are then brought together and connected to one another by mechanical excitation by means of the intermediate paint layer or layers. 2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die mechanische Anregung eine Anregung mit Ultraschallwellen ist. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the mechanical excitation is an excitation with ultrasonic waves. 3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die zusammenzufügenden Oberflächen der Teile (A, B) während der Verbindung durch mechanische Anregung gegeneinander gepresst werden. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the surfaces to be joined together of the parts (A, B) are pressed against one another during the connection by mechanical excitation. 4. 4th Verfahren nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Teile (A, B) nach Abbruch der mechanischen Anregung weiter während einer Haltezeit zusammengepresst werden.  Method according to claim 3, characterized in that the parts (A, B) are further pressed together during a holding time after the mechanical excitation has been terminated. 5. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der verwendete Lack mit Wasser oder einem Lösungsmittel verdünnbar ist. 5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the paint used can be diluted with water or a solvent. 6. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Lack eine Acrylbasis besitzt. 6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the lacquer has an acrylic base. 7. 7th Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die zu verbindenden Teile zwischen einer im Wesentlichen ebenen Sonotroden-Arbeitsfläche (1) und einer Ambossfläche (2) eingespannt werden, dass die zusammenzufügenden Oberflächen parallel und/oder schief zur Sonotroden-Arbeitsfläche (1) angeordnet werden und dass die Grösse der Sonotroden-Arbeitsfläche im Wesentlichen gleich gross gewählt wird wie die Projektion der zusammenzufügenden Flächen.  Method according to one of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that the parts to be connected are clamped between an essentially flat sonotrode work surface (1) and an anvil surface (2), that the surfaces to be joined are parallel and / or oblique to the sonotrode work surface (1) and that the size of the sonotrode work surface is chosen essentially the same size as the projection of the surfaces to be joined. 8. 8th. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die zu verbindenden Teile zwischen einer im Wesentlichen ebenen Sonotroden-Arbeitsfläche (1) und einer Ambossfläche (2) eingespannt werden, dass die zusammenzufügenden Flächen senkrecht zur Sonotroden-Arbeitsfläche angeordnet werden und dass die Sonotroden-Arbeitsfläche auf dem einen (A) der zu verbindenden Teile (A, B) unmittelbar neben der zu erstellenden Verbindung angeordnet wird.  Method according to one of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that the parts to be connected are clamped between a substantially flat sonotrode work surface (1) and an anvil surface (2), that the surfaces to be joined are arranged perpendicular to the sonotrode work surface and that the sonotrode work surface is arranged on one (A) of the parts to be connected (A, B) immediately next to the connection to be created. 9. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Anregung mit Ultraschallwellen einer Frequenz von 20 bis 40 kHz durchgeführt wird. 9. The method according to any one of claims 2 to 8, characterized in that the excitation is carried out with ultrasonic waves with a frequency of 20 to 40 kHz. 10. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die mechanische Anregung aus einer Reibung der zu verbindenden Oberflächen gegeneinander besteht. 10. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the mechanical excitation consists of a friction of the surfaces to be connected against each other.
CH02102/94A 1994-07-01 1994-07-01 Method for assembly of parts made of wood or wood-like materials. CH692091A5 (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH02102/94A CH692091A5 (en) 1994-07-01 1994-07-01 Method for assembly of parts made of wood or wood-like materials.
AU29786/95A AU2978695A (en) 1994-07-01 1995-06-29 Method of joining together parts consisting at least partly of wood or wood-like materials
PCT/EP1995/002527 WO1996001377A1 (en) 1994-07-01 1995-06-29 Method of joining together parts consisting at least partly of wood or wood-like materials

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