CH687763A5 - Process for composting and wet digestion of organic Reststoffen. - Google Patents

Process for composting and wet digestion of organic Reststoffen. Download PDF

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Publication number
CH687763A5
CH687763A5 CH01267/93A CH126793A CH687763A5 CH 687763 A5 CH687763 A5 CH 687763A5 CH 01267/93 A CH01267/93 A CH 01267/93A CH 126793 A CH126793 A CH 126793A CH 687763 A5 CH687763 A5 CH 687763A5
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CH
Switzerland
Prior art keywords
reactor
composting
organic
solid
anaerobic filter
Prior art date
Application number
CH01267/93A
Other languages
German (de)
Inventor
Bruno Kesselring
Original Assignee
Ecolab Ag
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ecolab Ag filed Critical Ecolab Ag
Priority to CH01267/93A priority Critical patent/CH687763A5/en
Priority to JP52262894A priority patent/JP3340437B2/en
Priority to CA 2161005 priority patent/CA2161005A1/en
Priority to AU65336/94A priority patent/AU6533694A/en
Priority to DE4492242T priority patent/DE4492242D2/en
Priority to KR1019950704614A priority patent/KR100276471B1/en
Priority to DK94913008T priority patent/DK0698005T3/en
Priority to US08/545,654 priority patent/US5782950A/en
Priority to PCT/DE1994/000440 priority patent/WO1994024071A1/en
Priority to AT94913008T priority patent/ATE151065T1/en
Priority to ES94913008T priority patent/ES2102853T3/en
Priority to EP19940913008 priority patent/EP0698005B1/en
Priority to CN94191804A priority patent/CN1121343A/en
Priority to DE59402313T priority patent/DE59402313D1/en
Priority to FI954904A priority patent/FI954904A/en
Priority to NO954120A priority patent/NO307083B1/en
Publication of CH687763A5 publication Critical patent/CH687763A5/en
Priority to GR970401594T priority patent/GR3023946T3/en

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05FORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F3/00Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05FORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/50Treatments combining two or more different biological or biochemical treatments, e.g. anaerobic and aerobic treatment or vermicomposting and aerobic treatment
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05FORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/90Apparatus therefor
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05FORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/90Apparatus therefor
    • C05F17/989Flow sheets for biological or biochemical treatment
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05FORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F9/00Fertilisers from household or town refuse
    • C05F9/02Apparatus for the manufacture
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/20Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/141Feedstock
    • Y02P20/145Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

The following are claimed. (A) Treatment of organic bioresidues (esp. from municipal and industrial wastes, including raw and/or cooked food residues, agricultural wastes (esp. animal excrement) and/or plant/vegetable components) comprising (a) sepn. of organic components (which are soluble or dissolved in water) of the organic residues, under intensive mixing and homogenisation, by fluid discharge, from the residual solids; (b) fermenting the fluid discharge in an anaerobic reactor and removing the resulting biogas; and simultaneously (c) passing the residual solids to a composting stage. (B)Appts. for recovery of biogas or compost by wet fermentation and composting of organic bioresidues comprising a solids reactor with mixing means, a fluid discharge and an anaerobic reactor (fitted with a valve for removal of biogas), or a composting means.

Description

1 1

CH 687 763 A5 CH 687 763 A5

2 2nd

Beschreibung description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines bioaktiven Substrates (Frischkompost) und Biogas aus mikrobiologisch zersetzbaren organischen Reststoffen jeglicher Herkunft. Erfindungs-gemäss kennzeichnet sich das Verfahren durch folgende Behandlungsschritte: The invention relates to a method for producing a bioactive substrate (fresh compost) and biogas from microbiologically decomposable organic residues of any origin. According to the invention, the method is characterized by the following treatment steps:

a) In einem ersten Behandlungsschritt wird ein zu hoher Feuchtigkeitsanteil in den Reststoffen in einem Behälter (Feststoffreaktor) mit liegend angeordneten Schneckenpressen und einer Siebeinrichtung entwässert; a) In a first treatment step, an excessively high proportion of moisture in the residues is dewatered in a container (solid reactor) with screw presses arranged horizontally and a sieving device;

b) Anschliessend wird im gleichen Behälter das entfeuchtete Substrat durch innige Vermischung mit Luft aerob zu einem bioaktiven Substrat umgesetzt (kompostiert) und nach 36 bis 72 Stunden Behandlungsdauer wieder entleert; b) Then, in the same container, the dehumidified substrate is aerobically converted to a bioactive substrate by intimate mixing with air, and emptied again after 36 to 72 hours of treatment;

c) Die organisch gelösten bzw. suspendierten Anteile im Presswasser werden in einem luftdicht geschlossenen Behälter mit immobilisierten Mikroorganismen (Anaerobfilter) in Biogas umgesetzt; c) The organically dissolved or suspended parts in the press water are converted into biogas in an airtight container with immobilized microorganisms (anaerobic filter);

d) Strukturhaltiges Material wie Sträucherschnitt, Rinde, Holzspäne etc. werden mit dem bioaktiven Substrat (Frischkompost) aus der Kompostierung vermischt und in einer Nachverrottung auf der Miete ohne Umsetzen während 2 bis 3 Wochen zu einem hochwertigen Torfersatz oder Düngerkompost umgewandelt. d) Structure-containing material such as shrub clippings, bark, wood shavings etc. are mixed with the bioactive substrate (fresh compost) from the composting and converted into a high-quality peat substitute or fertilizer compost in a rotting process on the rent without conversion for 2 to 3 weeks.

Durch die getrennte Aufbereitung der biogenen Reststoffe in einer Kompostierung (aeroben Umsetzung) der eher feststoffhaltigen Fraktion und in einer Vergärung (anaeroben Umsetzung) der gelösten und suspendierten Fraktion lassen sich die Prozesse besser kontrollieren und es werden bedeutend geringere Reaktorvolumina benötigt. Durch die geschlossenen Reaktoren treten keine Emissionen auf. By separately processing the biogenic residues in a composting (aerobic conversion) of the fraction that contains more solids and in a fermentation (anaerobic conversion) of the dissolved and suspended fraction, the processes can be better controlled and significantly smaller reactor volumes are required. No emissions occur due to the closed reactors.

Die Umsetzungen bei der Kompostierung und Nassvergärung laufen bei diesem Verfahren vergleichsweise schneller ab und es lassen sich qualitativ hochwertige Endprodukte herstellen. The composting and wet fermentation processes are comparatively faster with this process and high-quality end products can be produced.

Bei bekannten, gattungsmässigen Verfahren werden Abfallstoffe zerkleinert, in einen liegenden oder stehenden Behälter gefüllt und unter Umwälzung und Erwärmung bei anaeroben Bedingungen mikrobiologisch zu Biogas umgewandelt (kontinuierliche, einstufige Verfahren). Diese Verfahren weisen gegenüber dem erfindungsgemässen Verfahren zahlreiche Nachteile auf: In known, generic processes, waste materials are crushed, placed in a lying or standing container and, with circulation and heating under anaerobic conditions, converted microbiologically to biogas (continuous, one-step process). These methods have numerous disadvantages compared to the method according to the invention:

- Das aktive Reaktorvolumen wird bei der anaeroben Umsetzung durch inerte Anteile (Holz, Lignin) verkleinert; - The active reactor volume is reduced in the anaerobic reaction by inert portions (wood, lignin);

- Die Prozessführung (Durchmischung, Erwärmung) bei der anaeroben Umsetzung wird durch den unterschiedlichen Feuchtigkeitsgehalt der angelieferten Reststoffe erschwert; - The process control (mixing, heating) in the anaerobic reaction is complicated by the different moisture content of the delivered residues;

- Die nicht umgesetzten Reststoffe müssen nach der anaeroben Umsetzung in den meisten Fällen noch aerob nachverrottet werden. - In most cases, the unreacted residues still have to be rotten aerobically after the anaerobic conversion.

Beispiel eines Versuches: Example of an attempt:

Mit dem beschriebenen Verfahren war es möglich, 2 Tonnen wasserhaltige organische Reststoffe aus Haushaltungen (Rüstabfälle, Speisereste) innert 52 Stunden zu einem biologisch noch aktiven Kompost (Frischkompost) umzuwandeln. Durch die intensive Durchmischung und den Lufteintrag wurde eine Temperatur im Feststoffreaktor von 72"C erreicht. Die während der Umsetzung anfallende organische Substanz im Presswasser betrug ca. 23% der ursprünglichen Einwaage (ca. 460 kg). Durch die Vergärung mit einem Anaerobfilter bildete sich aus dieser organischen Substanz ca. 210 m3 Biogas mit einem Methangehalt von 65 Vol.%. With the described method, it was possible to convert 2 tons of water-containing organic residues from households (scraps, food waste) into a biologically active compost (fresh compost) within 52 hours. As a result of intensive mixing and the introduction of air, a temperature in the solids reactor of 72 ° C. was reached. The organic substance obtained in the press water during the reaction was approx. 23% of the original weight (approx. 460 kg). Fermentation with an anaerobic filter formed from this organic substance approx. 210 m3 biogas with a methane content of 65 vol.%.

Der aktive Kompost (Frischkompost) wurde anschliessend mit gehäckseltem Strukturmaterial (Rinde, Strauchschnitt) gemischt (ca. 1:1) und während drei Wochen auf einer Miete ohne Umsetzung liegen gelassen. Nach dieser Zeit wies der Kompost einen erdigen Geruch auf und war intensiv mit einer Pilzkultur belegt. The active compost (fresh compost) was then mixed (approx. 1: 1) with chopped structural material (bark, shrub clippings) and left on a lease without conversion for three weeks. After this time, the compost had an earthy smell and was intensively covered with a mushroom culture.

Die Grenzwerte gemäss den Richtlinien für die Kompostgrundqualität wurden eingehalten. The limit values according to the guidelines for basic compost quality have been observed.

Claims (8)

PatentansprücheClaims 1. Verfahren zur Kompostierung und Vergärung von organischen Reststoffen mit unterschiedlichem Feuchtigkeitsgehalt, gekennzeichnet durch folgende Behandlungsschritte:1. Process for composting and fermenting organic residues with different moisture content, characterized by the following treatment steps: a) Nach dem Füllen des Feststoffreaktors mit wasserhaltigen Reststoffen wird das überschüssige Wasser durch eine Vorrichtung, wie sie bei Schneckenschlammpressen eingesetzt wird, aus dem Reaktor entfernt. Mehrere Schneckenschlammpressen in paralleler, schräger Anordnung bilden dabei den Reaktorboden. Die Schnecken dienen auch zur Umwälzung und somit zur Belüftung und zur Entleerung des Reaktorinhaltes;a) After the solid reactor has been filled with water-containing residues, the excess water is removed from the reactor by a device such as that used in screw-type sludge presses. Several screw sludge presses in a parallel, oblique arrangement form the reactor floor. The screws are also used for circulation and thus for aeration and emptying of the reactor contents; b) Bei einer Feuchtigkeit der Reststoffe im Feststoffreaktor zwischen 70% und 80% wird durch Lufteintrag durch die Siebzone der Schneckenschlammpressen und unter Umwälzung die aerobe Umsetzung der organischen Reststoffe in Gang gesetzt und während 36 bis 72 Stunden aufrechterhalten;b) If the residual matter in the solid matter reactor is between 70% and 80% moisture, the aerobic conversion of the organic residual matter is started and maintained for 36 to 72 hours by air being introduced through the sieve zone of the screw sludge presses and with circulation; c) Das überschüssige Wasser aus dem Feststoffreaktor wird zur Vergärung der organischen Inhaltsstoffe in einen mehrstufigen Reaktor mit strukturierter Packung, genannt Anaerobfilter, geleitet und das sich bildende Biogas als Energieträger verwendet.c) The excess water from the solid matter reactor is passed to the fermentation of the organic ingredients in a multi-stage reactor with structured packing, called anaerobic filter, and the biogas that forms is used as an energy source. 2. Verfahren nach Patentanspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Auslauf des Anaerobfilters wieder zur Aufnahme weiterer organischer, gelöster Reststoffe in den Feststoffreaktor zurückgeführt wird;2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the outlet of the anaerobic filter is returned to the solid reactor for receiving further organic, dissolved residues; 3. Verfahren nach den Patentansprüchen 1 und3. The method according to claims 1 and 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die bei der Kompostierung im Feststoffreaktor entstehende Wärme im Anaerobfilter genutzt wird;2, characterized in that the heat generated during composting in the solid-state reactor is used in the anaerobic filter; 4. Verfahren nach den Patentansprüchen 1 und4. The method according to claims 1 and 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Vergärung im3, characterized in that the fermentation in 55 1010th 1515 2020th 2525th 3030th 3535 4040 4545 5050 5555 6060 6565 22nd 33rd CH 687 763 A5CH 687 763 A5 mesophilen oder thermophilen Temperaturbereich erfolgt;mesophilic or thermophilic temperature range occurs; 5. Verfahren nach den Patentansprüchen 1 und5. The method according to claims 1 and 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass im Presswasser vorhandene ungelöste Feststoffe vor dem Eintritt in den Anaerobfilter durch Sedimentation abgetrennt und die Feststoffe wieder in den Feststoffreaktor zur Kompostierung zurückgeführt werden;4, characterized in that the undissolved solids present in the press water are separated by sedimentation before entering the anaerobic filter and the solids are returned to the solids reactor for composting; 6. Verfahren nach den Patentansprüchen 1 und6. The method according to claims 1 and 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Sediment und Schlamm aud dem Anaerobfilter wieder in den Feststoffreaktor zur Kompostierung zurückgeführt werden;5, characterized in that sediment and sludge from the anaerobic filter are returned to the solid reactor for composting; 7. Verfahren nach den Patentansprüchen 1 und7. The method according to claims 1 and 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass während der Kompostierung Zuschlagstoffe zur Qualitätsverbesserung zugegeben werden;6, characterized in that additives are added during the composting to improve the quality; 8. Verfahren nach den Patentansprüchen 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das bioaktive Substrat nach der Behandlung im Feststoffreaktor zur Beschleunigung der Nachverrottung von strukturhal-tigen Reststoffen auf einer Miete eingesetzt werden kann.8. The method according to claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the bioactive substrate can be used after the treatment in the solid reactor to accelerate the rotting of structurally-containing residues on a rent. 55 1010th 1515 2020th 2525th 3030th 3535 4040 4545 5050 5555 6060 6565 33rd
CH01267/93A 1993-04-22 1993-04-22 Process for composting and wet digestion of organic Reststoffen. CH687763A5 (en)

Priority Applications (17)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH01267/93A CH687763A5 (en) 1993-04-22 1993-04-22 Process for composting and wet digestion of organic Reststoffen.
US08/545,654 US5782950A (en) 1993-04-22 1994-04-19 Device and process for composting and wet fermentation of biological waste
ES94913008T ES2102853T3 (en) 1993-04-22 1994-04-19 PROCEDURE AND DEVICE FOR COMPOSTATION AND FERMENTATION IN WET OF BIOLOGICAL WASTE.
AU65336/94A AU6533694A (en) 1993-04-22 1994-04-19 Device and method for the composting and wet-fermentation of biological waste
DE4492242T DE4492242D2 (en) 1993-04-22 1994-04-19 Process and device for the composting and wet fermentation of biological waste
KR1019950704614A KR100276471B1 (en) 1993-04-22 1994-04-19 Method and apparatus for composting and wet-fermentation of biological waste
DK94913008T DK0698005T3 (en) 1993-04-22 1994-04-19 Process and device for composting and wet fermentation of biological waste
JP52262894A JP3340437B2 (en) 1993-04-22 1994-04-19 Method and apparatus for converting biological waste into fertilizer and wet fermentation
PCT/DE1994/000440 WO1994024071A1 (en) 1993-04-22 1994-04-19 Device and method for the composting and wet-fermentation of biological waste
AT94913008T ATE151065T1 (en) 1993-04-22 1994-04-19 METHOD AND DEVICE FOR COMPOSTING AND WET FERMENTATION OF BIOLOGICAL WASTE
CA 2161005 CA2161005A1 (en) 1993-04-22 1994-04-19 Device and process for composting and wet fermentation of biological waste
EP19940913008 EP0698005B1 (en) 1993-04-22 1994-04-19 Device and method for the composting and wet-fermentation of biological waste
CN94191804A CN1121343A (en) 1993-04-22 1994-04-19 Device and method for the composting and wet-fermentation of biological waste
DE59402313T DE59402313D1 (en) 1993-04-22 1994-04-19 METHOD AND DEVICE FOR COMPOSTING AND WET FERMENTATION OF BIOLOGICAL WASTE
FI954904A FI954904A (en) 1993-04-22 1995-10-16 Method and apparatus for composting and wet fermentation of biological waste
NO954120A NO307083B1 (en) 1993-04-22 1995-10-17 Method and apparatus for the treatment of bioresides
GR970401594T GR3023946T3 (en) 1993-04-22 1997-06-30 Device and method for the composting and wet-fermentation of biological waste

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH01267/93A CH687763A5 (en) 1993-04-22 1993-04-22 Process for composting and wet digestion of organic Reststoffen.

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CH687763A5 true CH687763A5 (en) 1997-02-14

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CH01267/93A CH687763A5 (en) 1993-04-22 1993-04-22 Process for composting and wet digestion of organic Reststoffen.

Country Status (1)

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CH (1) CH687763A5 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112474711A (en) * 2020-11-02 2021-03-12 蓝德环保科技集团股份有限公司 Kitchen waste treatment system

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112474711A (en) * 2020-11-02 2021-03-12 蓝德环保科技集团股份有限公司 Kitchen waste treatment system

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