CH529713A - Yellow colouring for foods, based on - crocetine esters - Google Patents
Yellow colouring for foods, based on - crocetine estersInfo
- Publication number
- CH529713A CH529713A CH520572A CH520572A CH529713A CH 529713 A CH529713 A CH 529713A CH 520572 A CH520572 A CH 520572A CH 520572 A CH520572 A CH 520572A CH 529713 A CH529713 A CH 529713A
- Authority
- CH
- Switzerland
- Prior art keywords
- esters
- crocetine
- ester
- crocetin
- alkyl
- Prior art date
Links
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 title abstract description 5
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 title description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- PANKHBYNKQNAHN-MQQNZMFNSA-N crocetin Chemical class OC(=O)C(/C)=C/C=C/C(/C)=C/C=C/C=C(\C)/C=C/C=C(\C)C(O)=O PANKHBYNKQNAHN-MQQNZMFNSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylphosphine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- FIQMHBFVRAXMOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylphosphane oxide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 FIQMHBFVRAXMOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001476 alcoholic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphine Chemical compound P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012442 inert solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- QXJSYJRWEUENRT-PSAUJTBTSA-N 4,9-dimethyldodeca-2,4,6,8,10-pentaenedial Chemical compound O=C/C=C/C(/C)=C/C=C/C=C(\C)/C=C/C=O QXJSYJRWEUENRT-PSAUJTBTSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- CIUQDSCDWFSTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C]1=CC=CC=C1 Chemical compound [C]1=CC=CC=C1 CIUQDSCDWFSTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003776 cleavage reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000007017 scission Effects 0.000 claims 1
- -1 palmitoyl ascorbate sodium salt Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 8
- 235000013736 caramel Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 235000015243 ice cream Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000008268 mayonnaise Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 235000010746 mayonnaise Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 2
- 235000013618 yogurt Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 2
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 235000015203 fruit juice Nutrition 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000004150 EU approved colour Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000010323 ascorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011668 ascorbic acid Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229960005070 ascorbic acid Drugs 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229940006093 opthalmologic coloring agent diagnostic Drugs 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 12
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- WQDUMFSSJAZKTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium methoxide Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C WQDUMFSSJAZKTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- PANKHBYNKQNAHN-JTBLXSOISA-N Crocetin Natural products OC(=O)C(\C)=C/C=C/C(/C)=C\C=C\C=C(\C)/C=C/C=C(/C)C(O)=O PANKHBYNKQNAHN-JTBLXSOISA-N 0.000 description 5
- PANKHBYNKQNAHN-JUMCEFIXSA-N carotenoid dicarboxylic acid Natural products CC(=C/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/C(=O)O)C=CC=C(/C)C(=O)O PANKHBYNKQNAHN-JUMCEFIXSA-N 0.000 description 5
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000021466 carotenoid Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 150000001747 carotenoids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZNZYKNKBJPZETN-WELNAUFTSA-N Dialdehyde 11678 Chemical compound N1C2=CC=CC=C2C2=C1[C@H](C[C@H](/C(=C/O)C(=O)OC)[C@@H](C=C)C=O)NCC2 ZNZYKNKBJPZETN-WELNAUFTSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 description 3
- VBQCHPIMZGQLAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorane Chemical class [PH5] VBQCHPIMZGQLAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
- FDSDTBUPSURDBL-LOFNIBRQSA-N canthaxanthin Chemical compound CC=1C(=O)CCC(C)(C)C=1/C=C/C(/C)=C/C=C/C(/C)=C/C=C/C=C(C)C=CC=C(C)C=CC1=C(C)C(=O)CCC1(C)C FDSDTBUPSURDBL-LOFNIBRQSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001991 dicarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium bromide Chemical compound [Na+].[Br-] JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 2
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000005979 Citrus limon Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000131522 Citrus pyriformis Species 0.000 description 1
- SEBIKDIMAPSUBY-ARYZWOCPSA-N Crocin Chemical compound C([C@H]1O[C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O)O)OC(=O)C(C)=CC=CC(C)=C\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(C)C(=O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2)O)O1)O)O[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O SEBIKDIMAPSUBY-ARYZWOCPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SEBIKDIMAPSUBY-JAUCNNNOSA-N Crocin Natural products CC(=C/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/C(=O)OC1OC(COC2OC(CO)C(O)C(O)C2O)C(O)C(O)C1O)C=CC=C(/C)C(=O)OC3OC(COC4OC(CO)C(O)C(O)C4O)C(O)C(O)C3O SEBIKDIMAPSUBY-JAUCNNNOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000124209 Crocus sativus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000015655 Crocus sativus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dodecane Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OOUTWVMJGMVRQF-DOYZGLONSA-N Phoenicoxanthin Natural products CC(=C/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C1=C(C)C(=O)C(O)CC1(C)C)C=CC=C(/C)C=CC2=C(C)C(=O)CCC2(C)C OOUTWVMJGMVRQF-DOYZGLONSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000589614 Pseudomonas stutzeri Species 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000009499 Vanilla fragrans Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000263375 Vanilla tahitensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000012036 Vanilla tahitensis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- OENHQHLEOONYIE-UKMVMLAPSA-N all-trans beta-carotene Natural products CC=1CCCC(C)(C)C=1/C=C/C(/C)=C/C=C/C(/C)=C/C=C/C=C(C)C=CC=C(C)C=CC1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C OENHQHLEOONYIE-UKMVMLAPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013734 beta-carotene Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011648 beta-carotene Substances 0.000 description 1
- TUPZEYHYWIEDIH-WAIFQNFQSA-N beta-carotene Natural products CC(=C/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C)C=CC=C(/C)C=CC2=CCCCC2(C)C TUPZEYHYWIEDIH-WAIFQNFQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002747 betacarotene Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000013361 beverage Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000012682 canthaxanthin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001659 canthaxanthin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940008033 canthaxanthin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000013375 chromatographic separation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006071 cream Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- RXTSHIDRCASANN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl 2-bromopropanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)Br RXTSHIDRCASANN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000219 ethylidene group Chemical group [H]C(=[*])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 235000015201 grapefruit juice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- LOGGHEZVYPCZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecyl 2-bromopropanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)Br LOGGHEZVYPCZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012433 hydrogen halide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000039 hydrogen halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000468 ketone group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 235000015122 lemonade Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005445 natural material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000011962 puddings Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013974 saffron Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004248 saffron Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000014347 soups Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020357 syrup Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000006188 syrup Substances 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010626 work up procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- OENHQHLEOONYIE-JLTXGRSLSA-N β-Carotene Chemical compound CC=1CCCC(C)(C)C=1\C=C\C(\C)=C\C=C\C(\C)=C\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C OENHQHLEOONYIE-JLTXGRSLSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
- C09B61/00—Dyes of natural origin prepared from natural sources, e.g. vegetable sources
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
- A23L5/40—Colouring or decolouring of foods
- A23L5/42—Addition of dyes or pigments, e.g. in combination with optical brighteners
- A23L5/47—Addition of dyes or pigments, e.g. in combination with optical brighteners using synthetic organic dyes or pigments not covered by groups A23L5/43 - A23L5/46
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C69/00—Esters of carboxylic acids; Esters of carbonic or haloformic acids
- C07C69/52—Esters of acyclic unsaturated carboxylic acids having the esterified carboxyl group bound to an acyclic carbon atom
- C07C69/587—Monocarboxylic acid esters having at least two carbon-to-carbon double bonds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C69/00—Esters of carboxylic acids; Esters of carbonic or haloformic acids
- C07C69/52—Esters of acyclic unsaturated carboxylic acids having the esterified carboxyl group bound to an acyclic carbon atom
- C07C69/602—Dicarboxylic acid esters having at least two carbon-to-carbon double bonds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/28—Phosphorus compounds with one or more P—C bonds
- C07F9/50—Organo-phosphines
- C07F9/53—Organo-phosphine oxides; Organo-phosphine thioxides
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Coloring Foods And Improving Nutritive Qualities (AREA)
- Non-Alcoholic Beverages (AREA)
- Confectionery (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Luminescent Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
Water-dispersible colouring agents useful as yellow colouring material for fruit juices, ice-cream, yoghourt, caramels, mayonnaise etc. which are not decomposed by ascorbic acid which e.g. occurs naturally in fruit juices, etc. contain one or more crocetine esters of formula (wherein R1 and R2 are alkyl, together having 16-40C atoms) and a physiologically acceptable emulsifier, e.g. palmitoyl ascorbate sodium salt. Esp. good results are obtained with crocetine, di-n-dodecyl ester.
Description
Verfahren zur Herstellung von Crocetinestern
Von den zum Färben von Nahrungsmitteln geeigneten Farbstoffen natürlichen oder synthetischen Ursprungs haben sich ss-Carotin und die sich von diesem Naturstoff ableitenden Apocarotinale und Ketoverbindungen, wie Canthaxanthin, als brauchbar erwiesen. Verschiedene Nachteile setzen jedoch der allgemeinen Verwendung dieser Farbstoffe eine Grenze.
Die mit diesen Farbstoffen erreichbaren Tönungen liegen in einem relativ engen, von gelborange bis gelbrot reichenden Bereich. Rein gelbe Farbtöne, wie sie z. B. für Citronen- und Grapefruitsaftgetränke, Vanilleeis, Yoghurt, Karamellen, Cremefüllungen, Sirupe, Konfitüren, Puddingpulver, Suppenpulver, Limonadenpulver, Mayonnaise usw. gewünscht werden, können mit den genannten Carotinoiden nicht errreicht werden.
Es ist bekannt, dass niedere Glieder von Polyenverbindungen, wie Crocetin, rein gelb gefärbt sind. Crotein als freie Dicarbonsäure ist als Spurencarotinoid in einigen Pflanzen vorhanden. Das Carotinoid wird hauptsächlich als Digentiobiosid (Crocin) gefunden (Saffran). Die Verbindung kann jedoch auf Grund ihrer geringen Löslichkeit bzw.
Dispergierbarkeit nur in beschränktem Masse für die Färbung von Lebensmitteln verwendet werden. Auch die kommerzielle Herstellung von entsprechenden, wasserlöslichen Präparaten stösst aus dem gleichen Grund auf Schwierigkeiten.
Es wurde nun gefunden, dass man Färbepräparate, welche in wässrigen Lösungen dispergierbar sind und diesen den gewünschten, einheitlichen, gelben Farbton verleihen, in der Weise herstellen kann, dass man eine Lösung eines oder mehrerer Crocetinester, worin die beiden alkoholischen Esteranteile Alkylgruppen mit insgesamt 10 bis 14 Kohlenstoffatomen darstellen, in einem flüchtigen, organischen Carotinoidlösungsmittel zusammen mit einem physiologisch verträglichen Emulgator, gegebenenfalls in Anwesenheit von Wasser, mindestens bis zur Entfernung des flüchtigen organischen Lösungsmittels einengt und, falls zur Trockene eingeengt wird, den Rückstand gegebenenfalls in Wasser dispergiert.
Als Crocetinester kommen beispielsweise Di-n-decyl-, Di-n-dodecyl-, Di-n-tetradecyl- und Di-n-hexadecylester in Betracht. Besonders gute Ergebnisse werden durch Verwendung von Crocetin-di-n-dodecylester erreicht. Auch gemischte Ester kommen in Betracht, d. h. solche, in denen die beiden alkoholischen Esteranteile ungleich sind bzw. Mischungen der oben erwähnten Ester.
Die Crocetinester, in denen die alkoholischen Esteranteile Alkylgruppen mit je 10 bis 14 Kohlenstoffatomen darstellen, werden erfindungsgemäss in der Weise erhalten, dass man 4,9-Dimethyl-dodeca-2,4,6,8 , 1O-pentaen-1 , 12-dial mit einem Phosphoran der allgemeinen Formel.
EMI1.1
in der R Alkyl mit 10 bis 14 Kohlenstoffatomen und A einen gegebenenfalls niedere Alkyl- oder niedere Alkoxygruppen tragenden Phenylrest bedeutet, in einem inerten Lösungsmittel kondensiert und anschliessend Triphenylphosphinoxyd abspaltet.
Der als Ausgangsmaterial benötigte Dialdehyd wird im folgenden C14-en-Dialdehyd genannt. Die zur Kondensation benötigten Phosphorane können beispielsweise durch Kondensation eines a-Halogenpropionesters mit einem Triphenylphosphin in einem inerten Lösungsmittel und Behandlung des entstehenden Phosphoniumhalogenids mit einem halogenwasserstoffbindenden Mittel, wie z. B. Natriummethylat, hergestellt werden. So erhält man durch Umsetzen von a Brompropionsäure-n-dodecylester mit Triphenylphosphin das (a -Carbo-n-dodecyloxy-äthyl)-triphenylphosphonium- bromid, dessen Methylenchloridlösung beim Versetzen mit der äquivalenten Menge 2n Natriummethylatlösung das (a Carbo-n-dodecyloxy-äthyliden)-triphenylphosphoran und Natriumbromid gibt. Die Isolierung der Phosphorane ist für das erfindungsgemässe Verfahren nicht nötig.
Vielmehr verwendet man direkt die nach dem beschriebenen Verfahren erhältlichen Reaktionsgemische, welche die Phosphorane gelöst oder in Suspension enthalten.
Erfindungsgemäss wird in der Kondensationsstufe der C14-en-Dialdehyd mit der Triphenylphosphoranverbindung umgesetzt und das gebildete Additionsprodukt unter Abspaltung von Triphenylphosphinoxyd in den Polyendicarbon säureester übergeführt. Man verwendet zur Umsetzung äquivalente Mengen der Komponenten oder einen Überschuss des Phosphorans und arbeitet in einem inerten Lösungsmittel, wie Äther, Petroläther, Benzol, Methylenchlorid, Dioxan oder Tetrahydrofuran usw. Man vermischt die Komponenten vorteilhaft bei Raumtemperatur oder bei erhöhter Temperatur, wobei man zweckmässig die überstehende Luft durch ein inertes Gas, wie z. B. Stickstoff, ersetzt. Die Kondensation erfolgt spontan bei der Zugabe einer Lösung des C14-en-Dialdehyds zu einer Lösung des Phosphorans, z. B. des (a-Carbo-n-dodecyloxy-äthyliden)triphenylphosphorans.
Je nach Wahl der Lösungsmittel bleiben die gebildeten Kondensationsprodukte in Lösung oder sie fallen aus.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Kondensation verwendet man Methylenchlorid als Lösungsmittel, worin sowohl die Ausgangsprodukte als auch die entstehenden Kondensationsprodukte löslich sind. Die Kondensationsprodukte zerfallen bei Raumtemperatur allmählich in die Polyendicarbonsäureester und das entsprechende Triphenylphosphinoxyd. Durch Erwärmen wird diese Reaktion beschleunigt. Die Zersetzung gelingt z. B. sehr leicht durch mehrstündiges Erhitzen des Reaktionsgemisches auf etwa 40-50" C, am besten in Methylenchloridlösung. Die Isolierung der erhaltenen Polyendicarbonsäureester kann z. B. in der Weise erfolgen, dass man die Nebenprodukte durch Ausschütteln mit Wasser entfernt, die organische Phase anschliessend trocknet und einengt.
Die Dicarbonsäureester können dann durch Umkristallisieren aus Äthanol vom entstandenen Triphenylphosphinoxyd getrennt werden.
Zu diesem Zwecke kann man auch eine Verteilung zwischen unmischbaren Lösungsmitteln oder eine chromatographische Trennung anwenden. Eine andere vorteilhafte Aufarbeitung der erhaltenen Polyendicarbonsäureester besteht darin, dass man die Reaktionslösung mit viel Äthanol oder Methanol versetzt, wobei die Dicarbonsäureester in kristalliner Form ausfallen, während Nebenprodukte in Lösung bleiben.
Werden anstelle des oben erwähnten a-Halogenpropionesters zwei oder mehrere a-Halogenpropionester eingesetzt, worin die alkoholischen Esteranteile Alkylreste mit voneinander unterschiedlicher Kettenlänge darstellen, so gelangt man in gleicher Weise zu gemischten (unsymmetrischen) Crocetinestern bzw. zu Mischungen von Crocetinestern, die ebenfalls für die Herstellung der erfindungsgemässen Crocetinester-haltigen Färbepräparate verwendet werden können.
Beispielsweise kann man eine Mischung von a-Brompropionsäure-n-butylester und a-Brompropionsäure-n-eicosylester; eine Mischung von a-Brompropionsäure-äthylester und a Brompropionsäure-n-hexadecylester usw. einsetzen. Man erhält dabei die entsprechenden unsymmetrischen Crocetin ester bzw. Mischungen solcher Ester mit symmetrischen Crocetinestern.
Beispiel
Zu einer Lösung von 26 g Triphenylphosphin.in 150 ml Benzol gibt man 22 g a-Brompropionsäuredodecylester und erwärmt das Gemisch während 2 Stunden auf 70" C. Nach dem Verdampfen des Benzols wird der Rückstand in 200 ml Methylenchlorid gelöst und unter Rühren in einer Stickstoffatmosphäre mit 60 ml 2n Natriummethylatlösung versetzt. Nach 30 Minuten fügt man eine Lösung von 7,5 g 4,9-Dimethyl-dodeca-2,4,6,8 , 10-pentaen-1, 12-dial (C14en-Dialdehyd) in 100 ml Methylenchlorid zu. Das Reaktionsgemisch wird 5 Stunden zum Sieden erhitzt, danach auf Raumtemperatur gekühlt.
Die Methylenchloridschicht wird mit Wasser gewaschen, über Natriumsulfat getrocknet, durch 300 Gewichtsteile Kieselgel oder Aluminiumoxyd filtriert und mit Methylenchlorid nachgewaschen, bis das Filtrat nur noch schwach gelb gefärbt bleibt. Das Filtrat wird unter vermindertem Druck eingedampft, worauf das Produkt aus n Hexan umkristallisiert wird. Man erhält Crocetin-di-n-dodecylester, der bei 92-93 C schmilzt. Absorptionsmaxima bei 347, 420 und 447 mu, E j % = 1265, 2080 und 2125 (in n-Hexan).
In analoger Weise erhält man durch Austausch des a Brompropionsäure-n-dodecylesters gegen a-Brompropionsäure-b-decylester oder a-Brompropionsäure-n-tetradecylester, Crocetin-di-n-decylester, Fp. 93-94 C bzw. Crocetindi-n-tetradecylester, Fp. 91-92 C.
Process for the preparation of crocetin esters
Of the dyes of natural or synthetic origin suitable for coloring foodstuffs, β-carotene and the apocarotinals and keto compounds derived from this natural substance, such as canthaxanthin, have proven to be useful. However, various disadvantages limit the general use of these dyes.
The tints that can be achieved with these dyes are in a relatively narrow range, ranging from yellow-orange to yellow-red. Pure yellow shades, such as those used in B. for lemon and grapefruit juice beverages, vanilla ice cream, yoghurt, caramels, cream fillings, syrups, jams, pudding powder, soup powder, lemonade powder, mayonnaise, etc., cannot be achieved with the carotenoids mentioned.
It is known that lower members of polyene compounds such as crocetin are colored pure yellow. Crotein as a free dicarboxylic acid is present as a trace carotenoid in some plants. The carotenoid is mainly found as digentiobioside (crocin) (saffron). However, due to its low solubility or
Dispersibility can only be used to a limited extent for coloring food. The commercial production of corresponding, water-soluble preparations also encounters difficulties for the same reason.
It has now been found that dye preparations which are dispersible in aqueous solutions and give them the desired, uniform, yellow shade can be produced in such a way that a solution of one or more crocetin esters, in which the two alcoholic ester moieties are alkyl groups with a total of 10 represent up to 14 carbon atoms, in a volatile, organic carotenoid solvent together with a physiologically acceptable emulsifier, optionally in the presence of water, at least until the volatile organic solvent is removed and, if it is concentrated to dryness, the residue is optionally dispersed in water.
Suitable crocetin esters are, for example, di-n-decyl, di-n-dodecyl, di-n-tetradecyl and di-n-hexadecyl esters. Particularly good results are achieved by using crocetin di-n-dodecyl ester. Mixed esters can also be used; H. those in which the two alcoholic ester fractions are unequal or mixtures of the above-mentioned esters.
The crocetin esters, in which the alcoholic ester fractions represent alkyl groups with 10 to 14 carbon atoms each, are obtained according to the invention in such a way that 4,9-dimethyl-dodeca-2,4,6,8,1O-pentaene-1, 12- dial with a phosphorane of the general formula.
EMI1.1
in which R denotes alkyl having 10 to 14 carbon atoms and A denotes a phenyl radical which may carry lower alkyl or lower alkoxy groups, condensed in an inert solvent and then split off triphenylphosphine oxide.
The dialdehyde required as starting material is referred to below as C14-ene dialdehyde. The phosphoranes required for condensation can, for example, by condensing an α-halopropion ester with a triphenylphosphine in an inert solvent and treating the resulting phosphonium halide with a hydrogen halide binding agent, such as. B. sodium methylate, are produced. Thus, by reacting a bromopropionic acid n-dodecyl ester with triphenylphosphine, the (a -carbo-n-dodecyloxy-ethyl) -triphenylphosphonium bromide is obtained, the methylene chloride solution of which, when mixed with the equivalent amount of 2N sodium methylate solution, the (a carbo-n-dodecyxy ethylidene) triphenylphosphorane and sodium bromide. The isolation of the phosphoranes is not necessary for the process according to the invention.
Rather, the reaction mixtures which can be obtained by the process described and which contain the phosphoranes in dissolved form or in suspension are used directly.
According to the invention, the C14-ene-dialdehyde is reacted with the triphenylphosphorane compound in the condensation stage and the addition product formed is converted into the polyenedicarboxylic acid ester with elimination of triphenylphosphine oxide. Equivalent amounts of the components or an excess of the phosphorane are used for the reaction and the reaction is carried out in an inert solvent such as ether, petroleum ether, benzene, methylene chloride, dioxane or tetrahydrofuran, etc. The components are advantageously mixed at room temperature or at elevated temperature supernatant air by an inert gas, such as. B. nitrogen replaced. The condensation occurs spontaneously when a solution of the C14-ene dialdehyde is added to a solution of the phosphorane, e.g. B. des (a-Carbo-n-dodecyloxy-ethylidene) triphenylphosphorane.
Depending on the choice of solvent, the condensation products formed remain in solution or they precipitate.
In a preferred embodiment of the condensation, methylene chloride is used as the solvent, in which both the starting materials and the condensation products formed are soluble. The condensation products gradually decompose at room temperature into the polyenedicarboxylic acid ester and the corresponding triphenylphosphine oxide. This reaction is accelerated by heating. The decomposition succeeds z. B. very easily by heating the reaction mixture for several hours to about 40-50 ° C., preferably in methylene chloride solution. The polyenedicarboxylic acid esters obtained can be isolated, for example, by removing the by-products by shaking with water, the organic phase then dries and constricts.
The dicarboxylic acid esters can then be separated from the resulting triphenylphosphine oxide by recrystallization from ethanol.
Partitioning between immiscible solvents or chromatographic separation can also be used for this purpose. Another advantageous work-up of the polyenedicarboxylic acid esters obtained consists in adding a large amount of ethanol or methanol to the reaction solution, the dicarboxylic acid esters precipitating in crystalline form, while by-products remain in solution.
If, instead of the above-mentioned a-halopropion ester, two or more a-halopropion esters are used, in which the alcoholic ester moieties are alkyl radicals with different chain lengths, then mixed (asymmetrical) crocetin esters or mixtures of crocetin esters, which are also suitable for the Production of the coloring preparations containing crocetin ester according to the invention can be used.
For example, a mixture of a-bromopropionic acid n-butyl ester and a-bromopropionic acid n-eicosyl ester; a mixture of a-bromopropionic acid ethyl ester and a bromopropionic acid n-hexadecyl ester, etc. use. The corresponding unsymmetrical crocetin esters or mixtures of such esters with symmetrical crocetin esters are obtained.
example
22 g of dodecyl α-bromopropionate are added to a solution of 26 g of triphenylphosphine in 150 ml of benzene and the mixture is heated to 70 ° C. for 2 hours. After the benzene has evaporated, the residue is dissolved in 200 ml of methylene chloride and stirred in a nitrogen atmosphere 60 ml of 2N sodium methylate solution are added After 30 minutes a solution of 7.5 g of 4,9-dimethyl-dodeca-2,4,6,8,10-pentaene-1, 12-dial (C14en-dialdehyde) is added in 100 ml of methylene chloride are added and the reaction mixture is heated to boiling for 5 hours and then cooled to room temperature.
The methylene chloride layer is washed with water, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered through 300 parts by weight of silica gel or aluminum oxide and washed with methylene chloride until the filtrate remains only slightly yellow in color. The filtrate is evaporated under reduced pressure and the product is recrystallized from n hexane. Crocetin di-n-dodecyl ester which melts at 92-93 ° C. is obtained. Absorption maxima at 347, 420 and 447 mu, E j% = 1265, 2080 and 2125 (in n-hexane).
In an analogous manner, by exchanging the a-bromopropionic acid n-dodecyl ester for a-bromopropionic acid b-decyl ester or a-bromopropionic acid n-tetradecyl ester, crocetin di-n-decyl ester, melting point 93-94 C or crocetindi-n, is obtained tetradecyl ester, m.p. 91-92 C.
Claims (1)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH520572A CH529713A (en) | 1969-10-31 | 1969-10-31 | Yellow colouring for foods, based on - crocetine esters |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH1624469A CH539677A (en) | 1969-10-31 | 1969-10-31 | Process for the production of water-dispersible coloring preparations |
CH520572A CH529713A (en) | 1969-10-31 | 1969-10-31 | Yellow colouring for foods, based on - crocetine esters |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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CH529713A true CH529713A (en) | 1972-10-31 |
Family
ID=4415634
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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CH1624469A CH539677A (en) | 1969-10-31 | 1969-10-31 | Process for the production of water-dispersible coloring preparations |
CH520572A CH529713A (en) | 1969-10-31 | 1969-10-31 | Yellow colouring for foods, based on - crocetine esters |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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CH1624469A CH539677A (en) | 1969-10-31 | 1969-10-31 | Process for the production of water-dispersible coloring preparations |
Country Status (15)
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AT (2) | AT298210B (en) |
BE (1) | BE758244A (en) |
CA (1) | CA966147A (en) |
CH (2) | CH539677A (en) |
DE (1) | DE2053381A1 (en) |
ES (2) | ES385045A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2066721A5 (en) |
GB (1) | GB1284350A (en) |
HU (1) | HU166240B (en) |
IE (1) | IE34667B1 (en) |
IL (1) | IL35408A (en) |
IT (1) | IT1003009B (en) |
NL (1) | NL7013551A (en) |
TR (1) | TR16822A (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA706636B (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
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DE3610191A1 (en) * | 1986-03-26 | 1987-10-01 | Basf Ag | METHOD FOR PRODUCING FINE-PART, WATER-DISPERSIBLE CAROTINOID PREPARATIONS |
NZ536655A (en) * | 2002-05-30 | 2006-09-29 | Phares Pharmaceutical Res N | Oil soluble pigment compositions comprising at least one xanthophyll and at least one suitable solvent |
ES2602812T3 (en) * | 2008-12-01 | 2017-02-22 | Aquanova Ag | Micellarly integrated oxidation protection for natural dyes |
-
0
- BE BE758244D patent/BE758244A/en unknown
-
1969
- 1969-10-31 CH CH1624469A patent/CH539677A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1969-10-31 CH CH520572A patent/CH529713A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1970
- 1970-09-14 NL NL7013551A patent/NL7013551A/xx unknown
- 1970-09-16 HU HUHO1325A patent/HU166240B/hu unknown
- 1970-09-29 ZA ZA706636*A patent/ZA706636B/en unknown
- 1970-10-07 IL IL35408A patent/IL35408A/en unknown
- 1970-10-17 IT IT31105/70A patent/IT1003009B/en active
- 1970-10-20 TR TR16822A patent/TR16822A/en unknown
- 1970-10-27 CA CA096,655A patent/CA966147A/en not_active Expired
- 1970-10-28 IE IE1377/70A patent/IE34667B1/en unknown
- 1970-10-29 GB GB51514/70A patent/GB1284350A/en not_active Expired
- 1970-10-29 FR FR7039065A patent/FR2066721A5/fr not_active Expired
- 1970-10-30 AT AT978670A patent/AT298210B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1970-10-30 DE DE19702053381 patent/DE2053381A1/en active Pending
- 1970-10-30 ES ES385045A patent/ES385045A1/en not_active Expired
- 1970-10-30 AT AT181471A patent/AT303695B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1972
- 1972-05-17 ES ES402817A patent/ES402817A1/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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IL35408A (en) | 1974-11-29 |
ZA706636B (en) | 1971-06-30 |
IE34667B1 (en) | 1975-07-09 |
AT298210B (en) | 1972-04-25 |
IL35408A0 (en) | 1970-12-24 |
TR16822A (en) | 1973-07-01 |
AT303695B (en) | 1972-12-11 |
CH539677A (en) | 1973-07-31 |
IE34667L (en) | 1971-04-30 |
CA966147A (en) | 1975-04-15 |
HU166240B (en) | 1975-02-28 |
IT1003009B (en) | 1976-06-10 |
FR2066721A5 (en) | 1971-08-06 |
NL7013551A (en) | 1971-05-04 |
DE2053381A1 (en) | 1971-05-06 |
ES402817A1 (en) | 1975-04-16 |
GB1284350A (en) | 1972-08-09 |
BE758244A (en) | 1971-04-01 |
ES385045A1 (en) | 1973-03-16 |
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