CH372282A - Aqueous liquid which can be used as a hydraulic liquid or a heat exchange liquid - Google Patents
Aqueous liquid which can be used as a hydraulic liquid or a heat exchange liquidInfo
- Publication number
- CH372282A CH372282A CH5679458A CH5679458A CH372282A CH 372282 A CH372282 A CH 372282A CH 5679458 A CH5679458 A CH 5679458A CH 5679458 A CH5679458 A CH 5679458A CH 372282 A CH372282 A CH 372282A
- Authority
- CH
- Switzerland
- Prior art keywords
- nitrite
- aqueous liquid
- water
- liquid according
- soluble
- Prior art date
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- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/08—Materials not undergoing a change of physical state when used
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- C10M3/00—Liquid compositions essentially based on lubricating components other than mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils and their use as lubricants; Use as lubricants of single liquid substances
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
- C23F11/00—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent
- C23F11/08—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent in other liquids
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- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/02—Water
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- C10M2201/08—Inorganic acids or salts thereof
- C10M2201/082—Inorganic acids or salts thereof containing nitrogen
- C10M2201/083—Inorganic acids or salts thereof containing nitrogen nitrites
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- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/086—Chromium oxides, acids or salts
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- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
- C10M2207/021—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2207/022—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing at least two hydroxy groups
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- C10M2207/122—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of seven or less carbon atoms monocarboxylic
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- C10M2207/142—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings polycarboxylic
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Preventing Corrosion Or Incrustation Of Metals (AREA)
Description
Wässrige, als hydraulische Flüssigkeit oder Wärmeaustauschflüssigkeit verwendbare Flüssigkeit Vorliegende Erfindung bezieht sich auf wässrige Medien mit korrosionsverhindernden Eigenschaften, die eine neuartige und verbesserte Kombination von Korrosionsschutzmitteln enthalten. Durch die Erfin dung soll insbesondere die Korrosion von Metallen durch wässrige Lösungen, die Glykole, Glycerin und ähnliche Substanzen enthalten, vermieden werden.
Es ist bekannt, dass, wenn Metalle wie Gusseisen oder Schmiedeisen in Gegenwart von Luft in Kontakt mit Wasser sind, ein rasches Rosten stattfindet. Es ist auch bekannt, dass das Rosten und die Korrosion von eisenhaltigen und andern Metallen durch die Gegen wart von Glykolen oder Glycerin verstärkt werden, und es sind schon die verschiedensten Inhibitoren zur Behebung dieses Problems vorgeschlagen worden. Oft sind jedoch, wie bei Frostschutzmitteln für Motorküh ler, mehrere verschiedene Metalle vorhanden, von denen eines oder mehrere der Korrosion durch die wässrige Lösung des Frostschutzmittels unterworfen sein können.
Ferner kann ein für die Korrosion eines bestimmten Metalls .geeigneter Inhibitor zum Schutze der andern Metalle ganz unwirksam sein und deren Korrosion eher noch fördern.
Es ist bereits bekannt, als Korrosionsinhibitoren in Wasser oder wässrigen Äthylenglykol oder andere Gly- kole enthaltenden Lösungen Natriumbenzoat und Kombinationen von Natriumbenzoat und Natrium nitrit zu verwenden, und es sind mit diesen Kombi nationen schonbeträchtliche Untersuchungen durch geführt worden.
Die zur Konstruktion von Motorkühlern gewöhn lich verwendeten Metalle sind Gusseisen, Aluminium legierung, Kupfer und Messing, und normalerweise sind auch gelötete Verbindungsstellen vorhanden.
Es ist bekannt, dass Natriumbenzoat wohl ein wirksamer Korrosionsinhibitor für Schmiedeisen, für Gusseisen jedoch ziemlich wirkungslos ist. Natrium nitrit anderseits ist ein wirksamer Inhibitor gegen die Korrosion von Gusseisen durch wässrige Lösungen von Glykolen, fördert aber die Korrosion von Lötverbin- dungen. Ziemlich befriedigende Ergebnisse mit Guss eisen und Lötverbindungen kann man erhalten durch Verwendung einer Mischung von Natriumbenzoat mit einer kleineren Menge Natriumnitrit, z.
B. 1,50/0 Na- triumbenzoat und 0,10/0 Natriumnitrit oder 1,5 %i Na- triumbenzoat mit 0,30/a Natriumnitrit. Aber selbst mit solchen Mischungen wird nicht immer eine vollstän dige Verhinderung der Metallkorrosion erreicht, spe ziell wenn zwei oder mehr verschiedene Metalle, z. B. Gusseisen und Kupfer, miteinander in Berührung sind.
Es wurde nun gefunden, dass eine sehr wirksame Verhinderung der Metallkorrosion erreicht werden kann, wenn man wässrige Flüssigkeiten, vorzugsweise Glykole oder Glycerin enthaltende, verwendet, die fol gende Komponenten in kleinen Anteilen enthält:
a) ein wasserlösliches, praktisch neutrales Salz einer organischen Carbonsäure mit 4-10 Kohlenstoff atomen mit .einer anorganischen Base oder einer orga nischen Stickstoffbase, b) ein wasserlösliches Alkalimetallnitrit oder ein Nitrit einer organischen Ammoniumbase oder ein komplexes Metallnitrit und c) ein wasserlösliches nichtaromatisches Amin. Das wässrige Medium besteht vorzugsweise aus einer wässrigen Lösung mit einem den Gefrierpunkt herabsetzenden Zusatz wie Glykol (z.
B. Äthylengly- kol), Glycerin oder Mischungen derselben.
Beispiele für geeignete Carbonsäuresalze sind Na trium-, Lithium- und Ammoniumbenzoat, Natrium- Cinnamat, Natrium-m- oder p-nitrocinnamat, Na- triumanthranilat, Dinatriumsuccinat, Dinatriumadipat, Dinatriumazelat, Dinatriumsebacat, Dinatriummalat,
Natriumsalicylat und Salze mit organischen Ammo- niumbasen, wie Morpholinbenzoat, Triäthanolamin- benzoat und Triäthylentetramin-tetrabenzoat, Natrium- salze und speziell Natriumbenzoat werden bevorzugt.
Beispiele für geeignete Nitrite und Metallnitrite sind Natriumnitrit, Natriumcobaltnitrit, Morpholiniu.m- nitrit, Dicyclohexylammoniumnitrit oder Nitrite von komplexen Ammoniumbasen, komplexe Metallnitrite, die im brit. Patent Nr. 856923 beschrieben sind, so fern sie wasserlöslich sind.
Die Alkalimetall-Nitrite werden den komplexen Metallnitriten vorgezogen, da die letzteren Verbindungen, insbesondere Natrium cobaltnitrit, dazu neigen, den Angriff des Kupfers zu fördern. Natriumnitrit ist die bevorzugteste Verbin dung.
Beispiele für geeignete Amine sind Monoäthanol- amin, Diäthanolamin, Triäthanolamin, Äthylendiamin, Diäthylentriamin, Triäthylentetramin, Lupetidin, Pipe- razin, Diäthylaminoäthanol, Pyridin oder Teerbasen, z.
B. Piccoline, Lutidine oder Collidine. Es versteht sich, dass man auch die niedrigmolekularen wasserlös lichen Amine, wie z. B. Methylamin, D.iäthylamin verwenden kann, die Verwendung von Aminen mit höherem Siedepunkt als derjenige des Wassers jedoch bevorzugt wird, um die Möglichkeit eines Verlustes der Verbindung aus dem System während des Be triebs herabzusetzen.
Die Mengen der drei zu verwendenden Verbin dungen hängen natürlich von den gewählten Substan zen und der Natur der wässrigen Lösung, in der sie verwendet werden, z. B. der Menge des vorhandenen Glykols oder Glycerins, sowie von den Metallen, die vor der Korrosion geschützt werden sollen, ab.
Die optimale Menge an Inhibitoren wird am besten für jede Kombination experimentell bestimmt. Normalerweise verwendet man die kleinstmögliche Menge Nitrit, um einen geeigneten Schutz des Guss eisens zu erzielen, da übermässige Mengen Nitrit dazu neigen, den Angriff des Lotes zu fördern. Auch das Amin wird in der geringsten wirksamen Menge ver wendet, da die Anwesenheit von zuviel Amin zur Bil dung wasserlöslicher Kupferkomplexe führt.
Vorzugsweise beträgt die Menge der Nitritverbin- dung im fertigen Produkt 0,3-1,0 Gew,1/o und die des Carbonsäuresalzes 0,3-5,0 Gew.o/o. Vorzugsweise ist die Menge an Carbonsäuresalz mindestens gleich hoch wie an Nitrit.
Das wasserlösliche, nichtaromatische Amin kann in Mengen von 0,01-0,3 Gew.o/o des Produktes, vor zugsweise in Mengen 0,02-0,05 Gew.o/o, verwendet werden. Es versteht sich, dass die Menge Amin in ge wissem Grad von dessen Äquivalentgewicht abhängt. So wurde gefunden, dass, während man Triäthanol- amin in befriedigender Weise in Konzentrationen bis zu mindestens 0,
2 % verwenden kann, Triäthylen- tetramin gegen Kupfer, selbst in einer Konzentration von 0,05 o/a zu aktiv ist, so dass man noch kleinere Mengen verwenden sollte. Die Dreikomponentenmischungen gemäss vorlie gender Erfindung erwiesen sich den früheren Na triumbenzoat-Natriumnitritmischungen gegenüber, hin sichtlich der Verhinderung der Korrosion von ver schiedenen miteinander in Kontakt stehenden Metal len, z. B. Gusseisen und Kupfer, als überlegen.
In gewissen Fällen kann es erwünscht sein, als vierte Komponente ein wasserlösliches Chromat, z. B. Natriumchromat, das für die Korrosionsverhinderung von Aluminiumlegierungen besonders wirksam ist, mitzuverwenden.
Die erfindungsgemässe Flüssigkeit lässt sich mit gleich gutem Erfolg sowohl als hydraulische Flüssig keit wie als Frostschutz-Flüssigkeit verwenden.
Die folgenden Beispiele sollen die Erfindung noch näher erläutern.
<I>Beispiel 1</I> Ein wässriges für die Verwendung in einem Wärmeaustauschersystem geeignetes Medium bestand aus einer 20o/üigen wässrigen Lösung von Äthylen- glykol, in welcher 0,5 % Natriumbenzoat, 0,5 % Natriumnitrit und 0,
5% Triäthanolamin -gelöst waren. <I>Beispiel 11</I> Eine hydraulische Flüssigkeit zur Verwendung in den hydraulischen Anlagen von Flugzeugträgern bestand aus. einer 50 % igen wässrigen Lösung von Glycerin, in der 1,0% Morpholinbenzoat, 0,519/o, Natriumnitrit und 0,
1% Triäthanolamin gelöst waren. Zur Bewertung der Mischungen gemäss vorliegen der Erfindung und zum Vergleich derselben mit dem Stande der Technik entsprechenden Produkten wurde das folgende einfache Prüfverfahren angewendet: Metallproben wurden durch Reiben mit Carbo- rundumpulver oder feinem Schmirgelpapier, anschlie ssendes Waschen zuerst mit Benzol, dann mit Aceton und Blasen mit Luft gereinigt. Sie wurden dann in die zu prüfenden Lösungen eingetaucht, die sich in 57 cm3 fassenden, mit drei Löchern versehene Schrauben deckel aufweisenden Glasbehältern befanden.
Die Be hälter wurden während des Tages (etwa 8 Stunden) in einem Ofen auf 70 C gehalten und über Nacht und die Wochenenden bei Zimmertemperatur stehen gelassen, und die Proben von Zeit zu Zeit auf Anzei chen der Korrosion überprüft. Alle Proben massen ungefähr 5 Y, 1,5 cm. Die Dicke der Gusseisen- und Aluminiumproben war 5 mm bzw. 3 mm, während die Kupfer- und Messingproben etwa 1,5 mm dick waren.
Die folgenden Metalle und Metallkombinationen wurden geprüft: a) Zwei Gusseisenproben, die mit einer dazwi schenliegenden Kupferprobe vernietet waren, b) Gusseisen- und Aluminiumlegierungsprobe mit dazwischen befindlicher Kupferprobe vernietet, (-) zwei Aluminiumlegierungsproben mit dazwi schen liegender Kupferprobe vernietet, d) Messing- und Kupferstreifen rechtwinklig zu ihren Längskanten miteinander verlötet, e) Gusseisenprobe allein.
Die Versuchsergebnisse sind in den Tabellen 1 bis 6 zusammengestellt, wobei die Bezeichnung befrie digend bedeutet, dass keine Korrosion oder merk licher Angriff oder Fleckenbildung auf Metallen mit Ausnahme der Aluminiumlegierung stattgefunden hat. Eine leichte Verfärbung von Kupfer oder Messing, z. B. eine Pfauenfarbe , wurde als befriedigend be zeichnet. Die Aluminiumprobe war in praktisch allen Fällen entweder fleckig oder marmoriert, was als befriedigend angesehen wurde. Die Bezeichnung An griff , wie sie hier für die AI-Legierung gebraucht wird, bedeutet deutliche Korrosion begleitet von der Bildung gelatinöser Auswüchse.
Es wurde gefunden, dass die Fleckenbildung oder Marmorierung der Aluminiumlegierung durch Zusatz eines Chromats, z. B. 1% Kaliumchromat, zur Mi- schung herabgesetzt werden konnte.
Tabelle 1 zeigt die Wirkung des Zusatzes wech- selnder Mengen von Triäthanolamin zu einer 20%igen wässrigen Lösung von Äthylenglykol, die je 0,5% Na- triumbenzoat und Natriumnitrit enthält.
Ohne Tri- äthanolaminzusatz trat bei der Metallkombination b), (Versuch Nr.3) nach 21 Tagen kein Rosten des Gusseisens auf und bei der Metallkombination a), (Versuch Nr. 4) nach 45 Tagen.
Bei den Versuchen 6 bis 11 trat kein Rosten ein, aber der starke Angriff auf das Lot im Versuch 11 bei gleichzeitiger sehr tief blauer Färbung der Lösungen (infolge Auflösung von Kupfer) wies darauf hin, dass ein Gehalt von 0,5 % Triäthanolamin zu hoch war. Die optimale Menge schien bei etwa 0,
05 % zu liegen.
Tabelle 2 zeigt, dass Natriumnitritkonzentrationen von 0,25 % und weniger im gleichen Medium, selbst bei Anwesenheit. von 0,05 0/0 Triäthanolamin einen gewissen Angriff auf mit Kupfer in Kontakt stehen des Gusseisen gestatten.
Die Inhibierung des Angriffs auf Lot und in einigen Fällen auf Aluminiumlegie rung durch Natriumnitrit wird ebenfalls dargetan, siehe auch Tabelle I, aus der .ersichtlich ist, dass min- destens 0,5% Natriumbenzoat mit 0,5% Natrium- nitrit zusammen verwendet werden sollten.
Tabelle 3 zeigt die Verwendung verschiedener wasserlöslicher Amine anstelle von Triäthanolamin. Tabelle 4 zeigt die Verwendung verschiedener wasserlöslicher Salze von organischen Carbonsäuren mit 4-10 Kohlenstoffatomen anstelle von Natrium- benzoat. Einige waren zur Verhinderung des Angriffs auf das Lot wirksamer als andere, doch konnte man durch Anwendung grösserer Mengen der weniger wirk samen Verbindungen vollkommen befriedigende Er gebnisse erhalten.
Triäthylentetramin-dibenzo@at (Ver such Nr. 25) war ein basisches Salz, das der Lösung ein hohes pH erteilte und gegenüber Kupfer und Messing unerwünscht aktiv war. Der Vorteil der Ver wendung praktisch neutraler Salze, z. B. Triäthylen- tetramin-tetrabenzoat, wurde dadurch dargetan.
Tabelle 5 zeigt die Verwendung von Ersatzmitteln für Natriumnitrit, wobei die Nitrite organischer Basen (Versuch Nr. 32) nach diesem Versuch beurteilt, min destens gleich wirksam sind, während Natrium-cobal- tinitrit etwas weniger wirksam ist (Versuch Nr. 31).
Tabelle 6 zeigt ,die Wirkung einer typischen Kom bination von Zusätzen gemäss der Erfindung in ver schiedenen Grundflüssigkeiten.
In einem weiteren Versuch wurden die kombinier ten Metallproben<I>a), b), c),</I> d) und e) am Boden eines etwa 450 cms fassenden Gefässes, das die Mischung nach Beispiel I enthielt, miteinander in Kontakt ge bracht und 4 Monate der oben beschriebenen Prü fung unterworfen. Am Ende dieser Periode konnte nicht mehr als ein schwacher Angriff auf das Lot und bei d) eine Verdunkelung des Kupfers und Messings festgestellt werden, während der Zustand aller andern Metalle befriedigend war.
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Aqueous Fluid Usable as Hydraulic Fluid or Heat Exchange Fluid The present invention relates to aqueous media with anti-corrosion properties that contain a novel and improved combination of anti-corrosion agents. The inven tion is intended in particular to avoid the corrosion of metals by aqueous solutions containing glycols, glycerol and similar substances.
It is known that when metals such as cast iron or wrought iron are in contact with water in the presence of air, rapid rusting occurs. It is also known that the rusting and corrosion of ferrous and other metals are aggravated by the presence of glycols or glycerine, and various inhibitors have been proposed to remedy this problem. However, as with antifreeze for engine radiators, several different metals are often present, one or more of which may be subject to corrosion by the aqueous solution of the antifreeze.
Furthermore, an inhibitor suitable for the corrosion of a certain metal can be quite ineffective to protect the other metals and even promote their corrosion.
It is already known to use sodium benzoate and combinations of sodium benzoate and sodium nitrite as corrosion inhibitors in water or aqueous ethylene glycol or other glycol-containing solutions, and considerable studies have been carried out with these combinations.
The metals commonly used in the construction of engine radiators are cast iron, aluminum alloy, copper and brass, and there are usually soldered joints as well.
It is known that while sodium benzoate is an effective corrosion inhibitor for wrought iron, it is quite ineffective for cast iron. Sodium nitrite, on the other hand, is an effective inhibitor against the corrosion of cast iron by aqueous solutions of glycols, but promotes the corrosion of soldered joints. Fairly satisfactory results with cast iron and solder joints can be obtained by using a mixture of sodium benzoate with a smaller amount of sodium nitrite, e.g.
B. 1.50 / 0 sodium benzoate and 0.10 / 0 sodium nitrite or 1.5% sodium benzoate with 0.30 / a sodium nitrite. But even with such mixtures a complete prevention of metal corrosion is not always achieved, especially when two or more different metals, e.g. B. cast iron and copper, are in contact with each other.
It has now been found that a very effective prevention of metal corrosion can be achieved if one uses aqueous liquids, preferably containing glycols or glycerine, which contain the following components in small proportions:
a) a water-soluble, practically neutral salt of an organic carboxylic acid with 4-10 carbon atoms with an inorganic base or an organic nitrogen base, b) a water-soluble alkali metal nitrite or a nitrite of an organic ammonium base or a complex metal nitrite and c) a water-soluble non-aromatic amine . The aqueous medium preferably consists of an aqueous solution with an additive such as glycol (e.g.
B. ethylene glycol), glycerine or mixtures thereof.
Examples of suitable carboxylic acid salts are sodium, lithium and ammonium benzoate, sodium cinnamate, sodium m- or p-nitrocinnamate, sodium anthranilate, disodium succinate, disodium adipate, disodium azelate, disodium sebacate, disodium malate,
Sodium salicylate and salts with organic ammonium bases such as morpholine benzoate, triethanolamine benzoate and triethylenetetramine tetrabenzoate, sodium salts and especially sodium benzoate are preferred.
Examples of suitable nitrites and metal nitrites are sodium nitrite, sodium cobalt nitrite, morpholiniu.mnitrite, dicyclohexylammonium nitrite or nitrites from complex ammonium bases, complex metal nitrites, which are described in British Patent No. 856923, provided they are water-soluble.
The alkali metal nitrites are preferred to the complex metal nitrites as the latter compounds, especially sodium cobalt nitrite, tend to promote the attack of the copper. Sodium nitrite is the most preferred compound.
Examples of suitable amines are monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, lupetidine, piperazine, diethylaminoethanol, pyridine or tar bases, e.g.
B. Piccoline, Lutidine or Collidine. It goes without saying that you can also use the low molecular weight wasserlös union amines, such as. B. methylamine, D.iäthylamin can use, but the use of amines with a higher boiling point than that of water is preferred in order to reduce the possibility of loss of the compound from the system during operation.
The amounts of the three compounds to be used depend of course on the substances chosen and the nature of the aqueous solution in which they are used, e.g. B. the amount of glycol or glycerol present, as well as the metals that are to be protected from corrosion.
The optimal amount of inhibitors is best determined experimentally for each combination. Normally, the smallest possible amount of nitrite is used to achieve adequate protection of the cast iron, as excessive amounts of nitrite tend to promote attack by the solder. The amine is also used in the lowest effective amount, since the presence of too much amine leads to the formation of water-soluble copper complexes.
The amount of the nitrite compound in the finished product is preferably 0.3-1.0% by weight and that of the carboxylic acid salt is 0.3-5.0% by weight. The amount of carboxylic acid salt is preferably at least as high as that of nitrite.
The water-soluble, non-aromatic amine can be used in amounts of 0.01-0.3% by weight of the product, preferably in amounts of 0.02-0.05% by weight. It goes without saying that the amount of amine depends to a certain extent on its equivalent weight. It has been found that while triethanolamine can be used in a satisfactory manner in concentrations of up to at least 0,
2%, triethylenetetramine against copper, is too active even in a concentration of 0.05 o / a, so that even smaller amounts should be used. The three-component mixtures according to the present invention proved to be the previous Na trium benzoate-sodium nitrite mixtures, towards the prevention of corrosion of various metals in contact with each other sources, z. B. cast iron and copper, as superior.
In certain cases it may be desirable to use a water-soluble chromate, e.g. B. Sodium chromate, which is particularly effective for preventing corrosion of aluminum alloys, to be used.
The liquid according to the invention can be used with equal success both as a hydraulic liquid and as an anti-freeze liquid.
The following examples are intended to explain the invention in more detail.
<I> Example 1 </I> An aqueous medium suitable for use in a heat exchanger system consisted of a 20% aqueous solution of ethylene glycol in which 0.5% sodium benzoate, 0.5% sodium nitrite and 0.5%
5% triethanolamine were dissolved. <I> Example 11 </I> A hydraulic fluid for use in the hydraulic systems of aircraft carriers consisted of. a 50% aqueous solution of glycerol, in which 1.0% morpholine benzoate, 0.519 / o, sodium nitrite and 0,
1% triethanolamine were dissolved. The following simple test procedure was used to evaluate the mixtures according to the present invention and to compare them with products corresponding to the state of the art: Metal samples were rubbing with carbon powder or fine emery paper, then washing first with benzene, then with acetone and bubbles cleaned with air. They were then immersed in the solutions to be tested, which were located in glass containers with a capacity of 57 cm3 and three-hole screw caps.
The containers were kept in an oven at 70 ° C. during the day (about 8 hours) and left to stand at room temperature overnight and on weekends, and the samples were checked from time to time for signs of corrosion. All samples measure approximately 5 ½ inches. The thickness of the cast iron and aluminum samples were 5 mm and 3 mm, respectively, while the copper and brass samples were about 1.5 mm thick.
The following metals and metal combinations were tested: a) Two cast iron samples riveted to a copper sample in between, b) Cast iron and aluminum alloy samples riveted with a copper sample in between, (-) two aluminum alloy samples riveted with a copper sample in between, d) Brass and copper strips soldered together at right angles to their long edges, e) cast iron sample alone.
The test results are compiled in Tables 1 to 6, the designation satisfactory meaning that no corrosion or noticeable attack or staining has taken place on metals with the exception of the aluminum alloy. A slight discoloration of copper or brass, e.g. B. a peacock color, was recorded as satisfactory be. The aluminum sample was either stained or marbled in virtually all cases, which was considered satisfactory. The term attack, as it is used here for the Al alloy, means significant corrosion accompanied by the formation of gelatinous excesses.
It has been found that the staining or marbling of the aluminum alloy by the addition of a chromate, e.g. B. 1% potassium chromate, could be reduced for mixing.
Table 1 shows the effect of adding varying amounts of triethanolamine to a 20% strength aqueous solution of ethylene glycol containing 0.5% each of sodium benzoate and sodium nitrite.
Without the addition of triethanolamine, there was no rusting of the cast iron after 21 days with metal combination b), (experiment no. 3) and after 45 days with metal combination a), (experiment no. 4).
In tests 6 to 11 no rusting occurred, but the strong attack on the solder in test 11 with simultaneous very deep blue coloration of the solutions (due to the dissolution of copper) indicated that a content of 0.5% triethanolamine was too high was. The optimal amount seemed to be around 0,
05% to lie.
Table 2 shows that sodium nitrite concentrations of 0.25% and less in the same medium, even in the presence. of 0.05% triethanolamine allow a certain attack on the cast iron to be in contact with copper.
The inhibition of attack on solder and in some cases on aluminum alloy by sodium nitrite is also shown, see also Table I, from which it can be seen that at least 0.5% sodium benzoate is used together with 0.5% sodium nitrite should.
Table 3 shows the use of various water-soluble amines instead of triethanolamine. Table 4 shows the use of various water-soluble salts of organic carboxylic acids with 4-10 carbon atoms instead of sodium benzoate. Some were more effective than others in preventing attack on the solder, but perfectly satisfactory results could be obtained by using larger amounts of the less potent compounds.
Triethylenetetramine-dibenzo @ ate (trial no. 25) was a basic salt which gave the solution a high pH and was undesirably active against copper and brass. The advantage of using virtually neutral salts, e.g. B. Triethylen- tetramine-tetrabenzoate, was thereby demonstrated.
Table 5 shows the use of substitutes for sodium nitrite, the nitrites of organic bases (test no. 32), assessed according to this test, being at least equally effective, while sodium cobalt tinitrite is somewhat less effective (test no. 31).
Table 6 shows the effect of a typical combination of additives according to the invention in different base fluids.
In a further experiment, the combined metal samples <I> a), b), c), </I> d) and e) were placed in contact with one another at the bottom of a 450 cm container which contained the mixture according to Example I brought and subjected to the test described above for 4 months. At the end of this period no more than a slight attack on the solder and, in d), a darkening of the copper and brass, could be established, while the condition of all other metals was satisfactory.
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Claims (1)
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CH5679458A CH372282A (en) | 1958-03-08 | 1958-03-08 | Aqueous liquid which can be used as a hydraulic liquid or a heat exchange liquid |
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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EP0408082A2 (en) * | 1989-07-14 | 1991-01-16 | Katayama Chemical, Inc. | Water treatment method for boiler |
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1958
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0408082A2 (en) * | 1989-07-14 | 1991-01-16 | Katayama Chemical, Inc. | Water treatment method for boiler |
EP0408082A3 (en) * | 1989-07-14 | 1991-03-06 | Katayama Chemical, Inc. | Water treatment agent and water treatment method for boiler |
CN1036285C (en) * | 1989-07-14 | 1997-10-29 | 株式会社片山化学工业研究所 | Water-treating agents and process use in boiler |
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