CA3084792A1 - Decontamination compositions and methods of decontamination - Google Patents
Decontamination compositions and methods of decontamination Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA3084792A1 CA3084792A1 CA3084792A CA3084792A CA3084792A1 CA 3084792 A1 CA3084792 A1 CA 3084792A1 CA 3084792 A CA3084792 A CA 3084792A CA 3084792 A CA3084792 A CA 3084792A CA 3084792 A1 CA3084792 A1 CA 3084792A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- composition
- cerium
- decontamination
- surfactant
- oxidizer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 120
- 238000005202 decontamination Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 110
- 230000003588 decontaminative effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 108
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000002738 chelating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000006184 cosolvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 150000000703 Cerium Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- -1 sorbitol ester Chemical class 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 231100001231 less toxic Toxicity 0.000 claims description 6
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- PCCNIENXBRUYFK-UHFFFAOYSA-O azanium;cerium(4+);pentanitrate Chemical compound [NH4+].[Ce+4].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O PCCNIENXBRUYFK-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver(1+) nitrate Chemical compound [Ag+].[O-]N(=O)=O SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- MBWMIEZHOLGJBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(4-methylphenyl)-3-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxycarbonylamino]propanoic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(C(CC(O)=O)NC(=O)OC(C)(C)C)C=C1 MBWMIEZHOLGJBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- KAQXQPIKRXFEPY-UHFFFAOYSA-J azane;cerium(4+);hydrogen sulfate;hydrate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].O.[Ce+4].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O KAQXQPIKRXFEPY-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003093 cationic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- KHSBAWXKALEJFR-UHFFFAOYSA-H cerium(3+);tricarbonate;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Ce+3].[Ce+3].[O-]C([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O KHSBAWXKALEJFR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 3
- KKVSNHQGJGJMHA-UHFFFAOYSA-H cerium(3+);trisulfate;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Ce+3].[Ce+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O KKVSNHQGJGJMHA-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 3
- CQGVSILDZJUINE-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Ce] CQGVSILDZJUINE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005201 scrubbing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- JOLQKTGDSGKSKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethoxypropan-2-ol Chemical compound CCOCC(C)O JOLQKTGDSGKSKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ACDANDPBWDLTTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N O.O.O.O.O.O.[N+](=O)([O-])[O-].[Ce+4].[N+](=O)([O-])[O-].[N+](=O)([O-])[O-].[N+](=O)([O-])[O-] Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[N+](=O)([O-])[O-].[Ce+4].[N+](=O)([O-])[O-].[N+](=O)([O-])[O-].[N+](=O)([O-])[O-] ACDANDPBWDLTTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005708 Sodium hypochlorite Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium laurylsulphate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005501 benzalkonium group Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- OPQARKPSCNTWTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(ii) acetate Chemical compound [Cu+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O OPQARKPSCNTWTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- VTIIJXUACCWYHX-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium;carboxylatooxy carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)OOC([O-])=O VTIIJXUACCWYHX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- RUTXIHLAWFEWGM-UHFFFAOYSA-H iron(3+) sulfate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[Fe+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O RUTXIHLAWFEWGM-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000359 iron(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000360 iron(III) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940071125 manganese acetate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- UOGMEBQRZBEZQT-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);diacetate Chemical compound [Mn+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O UOGMEBQRZBEZQT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002717 polyvinylpyridine Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- CQLFBEKRDQMJLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver acetate Chemical compound [Ag+].CC([O-])=O CQLFBEKRDQMJLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940071536 silver acetate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001961 silver nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960001516 silver nitrate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Na+].Cl[O-] SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QSKQNALVHFTOQX-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium nonanoyloxybenzenesulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1S([O-])(=O)=O QSKQNALVHFTOQX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940045872 sodium percarbonate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- HFQQZARZPUDIFP-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;2-dodecylbenzenesulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1S([O-])(=O)=O HFQQZARZPUDIFP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- VYLVYHXQOHJDJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K cerium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Ce](Cl)Cl VYLVYHXQOHJDJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims 2
- 229910004664 Cerium(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N D-Glucitol Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229960001484 edetic acid Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 125000005575 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon group Chemical group 0.000 description 30
- FMMWHPNWAFZXNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benz[a]pyrene Chemical compound C1=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C=C(C=C3)C2=C2C3=CC=CC2=C1 FMMWHPNWAFZXNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 24
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 16
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 10
- WGTYBPLFGIVFAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetramethylammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].C[N+](C)(C)C WGTYBPLFGIVFAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 10
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920002480 polybenzimidazole Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- TXVHTIQJNYSSKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N BeP Natural products C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=CC4=CC=C1C2=C34 TXVHTIQJNYSSKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 4
- DXBHBZVCASKNBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Benz(a)anthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC4=CC=CC=C4C=C3C=CC2=C1 DXBHBZVCASKNBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FTOVXSOBNPWTSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzo[b]fluoranthene Chemical compound C12=CC=CC=C1C1=CC3=CC=CC=C3C3=C1C2=CC=C3 FTOVXSOBNPWTSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 3
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000289 Polyquaternium Polymers 0.000 description 2
- MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C21 MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- LHRCREOYAASXPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibenz[a,h]anthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C=C3C=CC=4C(C3=C3)=CC=CC=4)=C3C=CC2=C1 LHRCREOYAASXPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 2
- GVEPBJHOBDJJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoranthene Chemical compound C1=CC(C2=CC=CC=C22)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 GVEPBJHOBDJJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NIHNNTQXNPWCJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CC3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 NIHNNTQXNPWCJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N methanone Chemical compound O=[14CH2] WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L phthalate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 2
- KPZSTOVTJYRDIO-UHFFFAOYSA-K trichlorocerium;heptahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.Cl[Ce](Cl)Cl KPZSTOVTJYRDIO-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- IBMCQJYLPXUOKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-3h-pyridine Chemical compound CN1C(C)(C)CC=CC1(C)C IBMCQJYLPXUOKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HMBHAQMOBKLWRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxine-3-carboxylic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2OC(C(=O)O)COC2=C1 HMBHAQMOBKLWRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BDDLHHRCDSJVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7028-40-2 Chemical compound CC(O)=O.CC(O)=O.CC(O)=O.CC(O)=O BDDLHHRCDSJVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KHNYNFUTFKJLDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N BCR-49 Natural products C1=CC(C=2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC=22)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 KHNYNFUTFKJLDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HAXBIWFMXWRORI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzo[k]fluoranthene Chemical compound C1=CC(C2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C22)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 HAXBIWFMXWRORI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C([O-])=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- JJAFMCNCOSRIPM-UHFFFAOYSA-H O.O.O.O.O.O.O.C(C(=O)[O-])(=O)[O-].[Ce+3].C(C(=O)[O-])(=O)[O-].C(C(=O)[O-])(=O)[O-].[Ce+3] Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.C(C(=O)[O-])(=O)[O-].[Ce+3].C(C(=O)[O-])(=O)[O-].C(C(=O)[O-])(=O)[O-].[Ce+3] JJAFMCNCOSRIPM-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NJSSICCENMLTKO-HRCBOCMUSA-N [(1r,2s,4r,5r)-3-hydroxy-4-(4-methylphenyl)sulfonyloxy-6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-yl] 4-methylbenzenesulfonate Chemical compound C1=CC(C)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)O[C@H]1C(O)[C@@H](OS(=O)(=O)C=2C=CC(C)=CC=2)[C@@H]2OC[C@H]1O2 NJSSICCENMLTKO-HRCBOCMUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000908 ammonium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NDKBVBUGCNGSJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M benzyltrimethylammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].C[N+](C)(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 NDKBVBUGCNGSJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940075419 choline hydroxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000507 endocrine disrupting Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002290 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004900 laundering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004949 mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000053 physical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000029058 respiratory gaseous exchange Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001897 terpolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- UZNHKBFIBYXPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl-[3-(2-methylprop-2-enoylamino)propyl]azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CC(=C)C(=O)NCCC[N+](C)(C)C UZNHKBFIBYXPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100000588 tumorigenic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000000381 tumorigenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D3/00—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances
- A62D3/30—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances by reacting with chemical agents
- A62D3/38—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances by reacting with chemical agents by oxidation; by combustion
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
- C11D3/04—Water-soluble compounds
- C11D3/046—Salts
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
- C11D3/12—Water-insoluble compounds
- C11D3/1213—Oxides or hydroxides, e.g. Al2O3, TiO2, CaO or Ca(OH)2
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D2101/00—Harmful chemical substances made harmless, or less harmful, by effecting chemical change
- A62D2101/02—Chemical warfare substances, e.g. cholinesterase inhibitors
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D2101/00—Harmful chemical substances made harmless, or less harmful, by effecting chemical change
- A62D2101/06—Explosives, propellants or pyrotechnics, e.g. rocket fuel or napalm
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D2101/00—Harmful chemical substances made harmless, or less harmful, by effecting chemical change
- A62D2101/08—Toxic combustion residues, e.g. toxic substances contained in fly ash from waste incineration
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D2101/00—Harmful chemical substances made harmless, or less harmful, by effecting chemical change
- A62D2101/20—Organic substances
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D2111/00—Cleaning compositions characterised by the objects to be cleaned; Cleaning compositions characterised by non-standard cleaning or washing processes
- C11D2111/10—Objects to be cleaned
- C11D2111/12—Soft surfaces, e.g. textile
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Abstract
Decontamination compositions are described. The decontamination composition comprises an aqueous solution of a water soluble cerium salt or a dispersion of cerium oxide in water. The decontamination composition may optionally include at least one of an oxidizer, a surfactant, a co-solvent, a chelating agent, and a polymer. Methods of decontaminating clothing are also described.
Description
DECONTAMINATION COMPOSITIONS AND
METHODS OF DECONTAMINATION
Consumers, first responders, and military personnel are often exposed to potentially undesirable materials, including, but not limited to, phthalate plasticizers, formaldehyde, halogenated flame retardants, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), and chemical and biological warfare agents. Examples of PAH include, but are not limited to, benzo(a)pyrene, benzo(e)pyrene, benz(a)anthracene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, fluorene, anthracene, and fluoranthene. These are compounds with two or more fused aromatic rings, containing only carbon and hydrogen. They are potentially endocrine disrupting as well as potentially tumorigenic substances. Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) is a concerning PAH.
PAH present in the soil is typically decontaminated using chemicals, microbes, and other physical methods, such as adsorption, thermal, ultra-violet, ultrasonic and plasma radiations. PAH emitted from automotive fuel exhaust can be decontaminated using catalytic oxidation.
When firefighters are exposed to fires, PAHs can be deposited on the surface of their personal protective clothing. Protective clothing can include, for example, turnout clothing, fire proximity suits and hazmat suits, which are worn by firefighters and first responders. A firefighter's turnout clothing usually includes a combination of a uniform shirt, uniform trousers, a jacket, trousers, gloves, boots, hoods, and helmets. Protective clothing may also be worn by personnel in law enforcement, the military, cleaning or repair services, and the construction industry.
There is a need to remove these compounds safely from the personal protective clothing. Currently, the PAHs are removed by washing. However, while this works, it can also expose other clothing to the PAHs, which is undesirable.
Decontamination compositions specifically used to decontaminate PAH that have reported in the literature only remove the contaminant partially from the surface, and they are not effective in converting them to less toxic or benign materials at room temperature within a brief period time.
Recently, it was reported that using scrubbing and power washing of firefighters ensemble with soap water removes up to 60 % of the PAH's.
(Reference: Fent et al., Contamination of firefighter personal protective equipment and skin and the effectiveness of decontamination procedures. J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. 2017, 14, p. 801-814.) However, there remains a need to remove and/or reduce potentially toxic material, such as the PAHs, from clothing before laundering to reduce or eliminate further exposure to the PAHs.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The present invention relates generally to decontaminating clothing having toxic materials thereon. More particularly, it relates to decontaminating compositions and methods useful to decontaminate potentially toxic materials, such as PAH and others, present on clothing. Examples of clothing which can be decontaminated using the decontaminating composition and method include, but are not limited to, turnout clothing, fire proximity suits and hazmat suits, which are worn by firefighters and first responders. A
firefighter's turnout clothing usually includes a combination of a uniform shirt, uniform trousers, a jacket, trousers, gloves, boots, hoods, and helmets. In addition, the normal clothing of a person who was exposed to toxic materials, PAH, or both could also decontaminated using the decontamination composition.
For effective decontamination of toxic materials, PAH, or both, it is desirable that the decontamination composition removes the toxic materials, PAH, or both from the surface and/or converts them to corresponding reaction products (e.g., oxidized products) which are typically less toxic or benign materials. It is also desirable that the decontamination be effective at temperatures in the range of 4 C to 30 C
within a brief period of time, e.g., preferably within one hour.
One aspect of the invention is a decontamination composition. In one embodiment, the decontamination composition comprises an aqueous solution of a water soluble cerium salt or a dispersion of cerium oxide in water. The composition may have a cerium salt concentration ranging from 0.01 and 80 wt% of the decontamination composition (based on total composition), or from 0.01 and 70 wt%, or from 0.01 and 60 wt%, or from 0.01 and 50 wt%, or from 0.01 and 40 wt%, or from 0.01 and 30 wt%, or from 0.01 and 20 wt%, or from 0.01 and 10 wt%, or from 0.01 and 5 wt%, or from 1 and 80 wt%, or from 1 and 70 wt%, or from 1 and 60 wt%, or from 1 and 50 wt%, or from 1 and 40 wt%, or from 1
METHODS OF DECONTAMINATION
Consumers, first responders, and military personnel are often exposed to potentially undesirable materials, including, but not limited to, phthalate plasticizers, formaldehyde, halogenated flame retardants, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), and chemical and biological warfare agents. Examples of PAH include, but are not limited to, benzo(a)pyrene, benzo(e)pyrene, benz(a)anthracene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, fluorene, anthracene, and fluoranthene. These are compounds with two or more fused aromatic rings, containing only carbon and hydrogen. They are potentially endocrine disrupting as well as potentially tumorigenic substances. Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) is a concerning PAH.
PAH present in the soil is typically decontaminated using chemicals, microbes, and other physical methods, such as adsorption, thermal, ultra-violet, ultrasonic and plasma radiations. PAH emitted from automotive fuel exhaust can be decontaminated using catalytic oxidation.
When firefighters are exposed to fires, PAHs can be deposited on the surface of their personal protective clothing. Protective clothing can include, for example, turnout clothing, fire proximity suits and hazmat suits, which are worn by firefighters and first responders. A firefighter's turnout clothing usually includes a combination of a uniform shirt, uniform trousers, a jacket, trousers, gloves, boots, hoods, and helmets. Protective clothing may also be worn by personnel in law enforcement, the military, cleaning or repair services, and the construction industry.
There is a need to remove these compounds safely from the personal protective clothing. Currently, the PAHs are removed by washing. However, while this works, it can also expose other clothing to the PAHs, which is undesirable.
Decontamination compositions specifically used to decontaminate PAH that have reported in the literature only remove the contaminant partially from the surface, and they are not effective in converting them to less toxic or benign materials at room temperature within a brief period time.
Recently, it was reported that using scrubbing and power washing of firefighters ensemble with soap water removes up to 60 % of the PAH's.
(Reference: Fent et al., Contamination of firefighter personal protective equipment and skin and the effectiveness of decontamination procedures. J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. 2017, 14, p. 801-814.) However, there remains a need to remove and/or reduce potentially toxic material, such as the PAHs, from clothing before laundering to reduce or eliminate further exposure to the PAHs.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The present invention relates generally to decontaminating clothing having toxic materials thereon. More particularly, it relates to decontaminating compositions and methods useful to decontaminate potentially toxic materials, such as PAH and others, present on clothing. Examples of clothing which can be decontaminated using the decontaminating composition and method include, but are not limited to, turnout clothing, fire proximity suits and hazmat suits, which are worn by firefighters and first responders. A
firefighter's turnout clothing usually includes a combination of a uniform shirt, uniform trousers, a jacket, trousers, gloves, boots, hoods, and helmets. In addition, the normal clothing of a person who was exposed to toxic materials, PAH, or both could also decontaminated using the decontamination composition.
For effective decontamination of toxic materials, PAH, or both, it is desirable that the decontamination composition removes the toxic materials, PAH, or both from the surface and/or converts them to corresponding reaction products (e.g., oxidized products) which are typically less toxic or benign materials. It is also desirable that the decontamination be effective at temperatures in the range of 4 C to 30 C
within a brief period of time, e.g., preferably within one hour.
One aspect of the invention is a decontamination composition. In one embodiment, the decontamination composition comprises an aqueous solution of a water soluble cerium salt or a dispersion of cerium oxide in water. The composition may have a cerium salt concentration ranging from 0.01 and 80 wt% of the decontamination composition (based on total composition), or from 0.01 and 70 wt%, or from 0.01 and 60 wt%, or from 0.01 and 50 wt%, or from 0.01 and 40 wt%, or from 0.01 and 30 wt%, or from 0.01 and 20 wt%, or from 0.01 and 10 wt%, or from 0.01 and 5 wt%, or from 1 and 80 wt%, or from 1 and 70 wt%, or from 1 and 60 wt%, or from 1 and 50 wt%, or from 1 and 40 wt%, or from 1
2 and 30 wt%, or from 1 and 20 wt%, or from 1 and 10 wt%, or from 1 and 5 wt%, or from 4 and 80 wt%, or from 4 and 70 wt%, or from 4 and 60 wt%, or from 4 and 50 wt%, or from 4 and 40 wt%, or from 4 and 30 wt%, or from 4 and 20 wt%, or from 4 and 10 wt%, or from 10 and 80 wt%, or from 10 and 70 wt%, or from 10 and 60 wt%, or from 10 and 50 wt%, or from 10 and 40 wt%, or from 10 and 30 wt%, or from 10 and 20 wt%, or from 20 and 80 wt%, or from 20 and 70 wt%, or from 20 and 60 wt%, or from 20 and 50 wt%, or from 20 and 40 wt%, or from 20 and 30 wt%, or from 25 and 80 wt%, or from 25 and 70 wt%, or from 25 and 60 wt%, or from 25 and 50 wt%, or from 25 and 40 wt%, or from 25 and 35 wt%. Suitable water soluble cerium salts include, but are not limited to, ammonium cerium (IV) nitrate, ammonium cerium(IV) sulfate hydrate, cerium(III) carbonate hydrate, cerium(III) chloride heptahydrate, cerium(IV) fluoride, cerium(IV) hydroxide, cerium(IV) nitrate hexahydrate, cerium(III) sulfate hydrate, or combinations thereof The cerium oxide concentration in the dispersion is generally 1 to 50 wt% of the decontamination composition (based on total composition), or 1 to 45 wt%, or 1 to 40 wt%, or 1 to 35 wt%, or 1 to 30 wt%, or 1 to 35 wt%, or 1 to 20 wt%, or 1 to 15 wt%, or 1 to 10 wt%, or 1 to 5 wt%, or 5 to 50 wt%, or 10 to 50 wt%, or 15 to 50 wt%, or 20 to 50 wt%, or 25 to 50 wt%, or 30 to 50 wt%, or 35 to 50 wt%, or 40 to 50 wt%, or 45 to 50 wt%,.
The cerium ion concentration in the decontamination composition is typically in the range of 1 to 500 parts per million (ppm), or 10 to 500 ppm, or 20 to 500 ppm, or 30 to 500 ppm, or 40 to 500 ppm, or 50 to 500 ppm, or 60 to 500 ppm, or 70 to 500 ppm, or 80 to 500 ppm, or 90 to 500 ppm, or 100 to 500 ppm, or 125 to 500 ppm, or 150 to 500 ppm, or 175 to 500 ppm, or 200 to 500 ppm, or 225 to 500 ppm, or 250 to 500 ppm, or 275 to 500 ppm, or 300 to 500 ppm, or 325 to 500 ppm, or 350 to 500 ppm, or 375 to 500 ppm, or 400 to 500 ppm, or 425 to 500 ppm, or 450 to 500 ppm, or 475 to 500 ppm, or 1 to 475 ppm, or 1 to .. 450 ppm, or 1 to 425 ppm, or 1 to 400 ppm, or 1 to 375 ppm, or 1 to 350 ppm, or 1 to 325 ppm, or 1 to 300 ppm, or 1 to 275 ppm, or 1 to 250 ppm, or 1 to 225 ppm, or 1 to 200 ppm, or 1 to 175 ppm, or 1 to 150 ppm, or 1 to 125 ppm, or 1 to 100 ppm, or 1 to 75 ppm, or 1 to 50 ppm, or 1 to 25 ppm, or 1 to 10 ppm.
The water used in the solution can be any type of water, including but not limited to, distilled water, deionized water, tap water, and the like. The water is generally present in the decontamination composition in amount ranging from 30 to 99 wt%, or 35 to 99 wt%, or 40 to 99 wt%, or 45 to 99 wt%, or 50 to 99 wt%, or 55 to 99 wt%, or 60 to 99
The cerium ion concentration in the decontamination composition is typically in the range of 1 to 500 parts per million (ppm), or 10 to 500 ppm, or 20 to 500 ppm, or 30 to 500 ppm, or 40 to 500 ppm, or 50 to 500 ppm, or 60 to 500 ppm, or 70 to 500 ppm, or 80 to 500 ppm, or 90 to 500 ppm, or 100 to 500 ppm, or 125 to 500 ppm, or 150 to 500 ppm, or 175 to 500 ppm, or 200 to 500 ppm, or 225 to 500 ppm, or 250 to 500 ppm, or 275 to 500 ppm, or 300 to 500 ppm, or 325 to 500 ppm, or 350 to 500 ppm, or 375 to 500 ppm, or 400 to 500 ppm, or 425 to 500 ppm, or 450 to 500 ppm, or 475 to 500 ppm, or 1 to 475 ppm, or 1 to .. 450 ppm, or 1 to 425 ppm, or 1 to 400 ppm, or 1 to 375 ppm, or 1 to 350 ppm, or 1 to 325 ppm, or 1 to 300 ppm, or 1 to 275 ppm, or 1 to 250 ppm, or 1 to 225 ppm, or 1 to 200 ppm, or 1 to 175 ppm, or 1 to 150 ppm, or 1 to 125 ppm, or 1 to 100 ppm, or 1 to 75 ppm, or 1 to 50 ppm, or 1 to 25 ppm, or 1 to 10 ppm.
The water used in the solution can be any type of water, including but not limited to, distilled water, deionized water, tap water, and the like. The water is generally present in the decontamination composition in amount ranging from 30 to 99 wt%, or 35 to 99 wt%, or 40 to 99 wt%, or 45 to 99 wt%, or 50 to 99 wt%, or 55 to 99 wt%, or 60 to 99
3 wt%, or 65 to 99 wt%, or 70 to 99 wt%, or 75 to 99 wt%, or 80 to 99 wt%, or 85 to 99 wt%, or 90 to 99 wt%, or 95 to 99 wt%, or 30 to 95 wt%, or 30 to 90 wt%, or 30 to 85 wt%, or 30 to 80 wt%, or 30 to 75 wt%, or 30 to 70 wt%, or 30 to 65 wt%, or 30 to 60 wt%, or 30 to 55 wt%, or 30 to 50 wt%, or 30 to 45 wt%, or 30 to 40 wt%, or 40 to 95 wt%, or 40 to 90 wt%, or 40 to 85 wt%, or 40 to 80 wt%, or 40 to 75 wt%, or 40 to 70 wt%, or 40 to 65 wt%, or 40 to 60 wt%, or 40 to 55 wt%, or 40 to 50 wt%, or 40 to 45 wt%.
The decontamination composition may optionally include at least one of an oxidizer, an activator for the oxidizer, a surfactant, a co-solvent, a chelating agent, and a polymer. When any of these components are present, there can be one or more of that .. component (i.e., one or more oxidizers, one or more surfactants, one or more co-solvents, one or more chelating agents, and/or one or more polymers).
The oxidizer may oxidize and decontaminate phthalate plasticizers, formaldehyde, halogenated flame retardants, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), and chemical and biological warfare agents. Any suitable oxidizer may be used, including, but not limited to, hydrogen peroxide, sodium hypochlorite, sodium percarbonate, or combinations thereof. The oxidizer may comprise 1 to 10 wt% of the decontamination composition (based on the total composition), or 2 to 10 wt%, or 3 to 10 wt%, or 4 to 10 wt%, or 5 to 10 wt%, or 6 to 10 wt%, or 7 to 10 wt%, or 8 to 10 wt%, or 9 to 10 wt%, or 1 to 9 wt%, or 1 to 8 wt%, or 1 to 7 wt%, or 1 to 6 wt%, or 1 to 5 wt%, or 1 to 4 wt%, or 1 to 3 wt%, or 1 to 2 wt%.
The activator for the oxidizer activates the oxidizer so that the oxygen release takes place at lower temperature. For example, if hydrogen peroxide is used as an oxidizer to clean the surface, typically the effectiveness of cleaning is seen above 45 C.
However, if an activator is used with the hydrogen peroxide, effective cleaning can take place at temperatures below 25 C. Suitable activators include, but are not limited to, tetraacetoxy ethylene diamine (TAED), sodium nonanoyloxybenzenesulfonate, silver acetate, silver nitrate, manganese acetate, copper acetate, iron (II) sulfate, iron (III) sulfate, or combinations thereof The activator may comprise 0.01 to 10 wt% of the decontamination composition (based on the total composition), or 0.01 to 8 wt%, or 0.01 to 6 wt%, 0.01 to 5 wt%, 0.01 to 4 wt%, or 0.01 to 3 wt%, 0.01 to 2 wt%, or 0.01 to 1 wt%, or 0.01 to 0.8 wt%, or 0.01 to 0.6 wt%, or 0.01 to 0.5 wt%, or 0.01 to 0.4 wt%, or 0.01 to 0.3 wt%, or 0.01 to 0.2 wt%, or 0.01 to 0.1 wt%, or 0.01 to 0.08 wt%, 0.01 to 0.06 wt%, or 0.01 to 0.05 wt%.
The decontamination composition may optionally include at least one of an oxidizer, an activator for the oxidizer, a surfactant, a co-solvent, a chelating agent, and a polymer. When any of these components are present, there can be one or more of that .. component (i.e., one or more oxidizers, one or more surfactants, one or more co-solvents, one or more chelating agents, and/or one or more polymers).
The oxidizer may oxidize and decontaminate phthalate plasticizers, formaldehyde, halogenated flame retardants, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), and chemical and biological warfare agents. Any suitable oxidizer may be used, including, but not limited to, hydrogen peroxide, sodium hypochlorite, sodium percarbonate, or combinations thereof. The oxidizer may comprise 1 to 10 wt% of the decontamination composition (based on the total composition), or 2 to 10 wt%, or 3 to 10 wt%, or 4 to 10 wt%, or 5 to 10 wt%, or 6 to 10 wt%, or 7 to 10 wt%, or 8 to 10 wt%, or 9 to 10 wt%, or 1 to 9 wt%, or 1 to 8 wt%, or 1 to 7 wt%, or 1 to 6 wt%, or 1 to 5 wt%, or 1 to 4 wt%, or 1 to 3 wt%, or 1 to 2 wt%.
The activator for the oxidizer activates the oxidizer so that the oxygen release takes place at lower temperature. For example, if hydrogen peroxide is used as an oxidizer to clean the surface, typically the effectiveness of cleaning is seen above 45 C.
However, if an activator is used with the hydrogen peroxide, effective cleaning can take place at temperatures below 25 C. Suitable activators include, but are not limited to, tetraacetoxy ethylene diamine (TAED), sodium nonanoyloxybenzenesulfonate, silver acetate, silver nitrate, manganese acetate, copper acetate, iron (II) sulfate, iron (III) sulfate, or combinations thereof The activator may comprise 0.01 to 10 wt% of the decontamination composition (based on the total composition), or 0.01 to 8 wt%, or 0.01 to 6 wt%, 0.01 to 5 wt%, 0.01 to 4 wt%, or 0.01 to 3 wt%, 0.01 to 2 wt%, or 0.01 to 1 wt%, or 0.01 to 0.8 wt%, or 0.01 to 0.6 wt%, or 0.01 to 0.5 wt%, or 0.01 to 0.4 wt%, or 0.01 to 0.3 wt%, or 0.01 to 0.2 wt%, or 0.01 to 0.1 wt%, or 0.01 to 0.08 wt%, 0.01 to 0.06 wt%, or 0.01 to 0.05 wt%.
4 The surfactant may be useful to spread the decontamination composition evenly on the contaminated surface. Any suitable surfactant may be used. The surfactant can be a cationic surfactant, an anionic surfactant, a non-ionic surfactant, or combinations thereof.
Examples of non-ionic surfactants include, but are not limited to, poly(ethylene oxide-b-propylene oxide), poly(ethylene oxide-b-butylene oxide), sorbitol esters of fatty acids, ethoxylated fatty alcohols, and combinations thereof Examples of anionic surfactants include, but are not limited to, sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium lauryl benzene sulfonate, poly acrylic acid, sulfate based surfactants, and sulfonate based surfactants, and combinations thereof Examples of cationic surfactants include, but are not limited to, benzalkonium salts, polyquaterniriums, and poly(vinyl pyridine) co-N,N dimethyl ethyl methacrylate, or combinations thereof. Polyquaternium is a designation used to emphasize the presence of quaternary ammonium centers in the polymer. The numbers are assigned in the order in which they are registered rather than because of their chemical structure.
Examples of polyquaterniums include, but are not limited to, polyquaternium-5 which is a copolymer of acrylamide and quaternized dimethylammoniumethyl methacrylate, polyquaternium-7 which is copolymer of acrylamide and diallyldimethylammonium chloride, and polyquaternium-7 which is terpolymer of acrylic acid, methacrylamidopropyl trimethylammonium chloride, and methyl acrylate. Some commercial examples of surfactants are: ALGENE , EMPIGEN
B
series, BTC Onixide, and Quaterx 192. The surfactant may comprise 0.5 to 2 wt%
of the decontamination composition (based on the total composition), or 0.5 to 1.5 wt%, or 0.5 to 1 wt%, or 0.5 to 0.9 wt%, or 0.5 to 0.8 wt%, or 0.5 to 0.7 wt%, or 0.5 to 0.6 wt%, or 0.6 to 2 wt%, or 0.7 to 2 wt%, or 0.8 to 2 wt%, or 0.9 to 2 wt%, or 1.0 to 2 wt%, or 1.1 to 2 wt%, or 1.3 to 2 wt%, or 1.4 to 2 wt%, or 1.5 to 2 wt%, or 1.6 to 2 wt%, or 1.7 to 2 wt%, or 1.8 to 2 wt%, or 1.9 to 2 wt%.
The co-solvent can help to keep the desired solubility of the decontamination composition. Any suitable co-solvents can be used, including but not limited to, ethanol, glycerol, propylene glycol, propylene glycol ethyl ether, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, or combinations thereof The co-solvent may comprise 10 to 30 wt% of the decontamination composition (based on the total composition), or 10 to 25 wt%, or 10 to 20 wt%, or 10 to 15 wt%, or 15 to 30 wt%, or 20 to 30 wt%, or 35 to 30 wt%.
The chelating agent can prevent the interference of minerals such as sodium, potassium, magnesium with cerium during the decontamination reactions. Any suitable chelating additives can be used including, but not limited to, citric acid, ethylene diamine
Examples of non-ionic surfactants include, but are not limited to, poly(ethylene oxide-b-propylene oxide), poly(ethylene oxide-b-butylene oxide), sorbitol esters of fatty acids, ethoxylated fatty alcohols, and combinations thereof Examples of anionic surfactants include, but are not limited to, sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium lauryl benzene sulfonate, poly acrylic acid, sulfate based surfactants, and sulfonate based surfactants, and combinations thereof Examples of cationic surfactants include, but are not limited to, benzalkonium salts, polyquaterniriums, and poly(vinyl pyridine) co-N,N dimethyl ethyl methacrylate, or combinations thereof. Polyquaternium is a designation used to emphasize the presence of quaternary ammonium centers in the polymer. The numbers are assigned in the order in which they are registered rather than because of their chemical structure.
Examples of polyquaterniums include, but are not limited to, polyquaternium-5 which is a copolymer of acrylamide and quaternized dimethylammoniumethyl methacrylate, polyquaternium-7 which is copolymer of acrylamide and diallyldimethylammonium chloride, and polyquaternium-7 which is terpolymer of acrylic acid, methacrylamidopropyl trimethylammonium chloride, and methyl acrylate. Some commercial examples of surfactants are: ALGENE , EMPIGEN
B
series, BTC Onixide, and Quaterx 192. The surfactant may comprise 0.5 to 2 wt%
of the decontamination composition (based on the total composition), or 0.5 to 1.5 wt%, or 0.5 to 1 wt%, or 0.5 to 0.9 wt%, or 0.5 to 0.8 wt%, or 0.5 to 0.7 wt%, or 0.5 to 0.6 wt%, or 0.6 to 2 wt%, or 0.7 to 2 wt%, or 0.8 to 2 wt%, or 0.9 to 2 wt%, or 1.0 to 2 wt%, or 1.1 to 2 wt%, or 1.3 to 2 wt%, or 1.4 to 2 wt%, or 1.5 to 2 wt%, or 1.6 to 2 wt%, or 1.7 to 2 wt%, or 1.8 to 2 wt%, or 1.9 to 2 wt%.
The co-solvent can help to keep the desired solubility of the decontamination composition. Any suitable co-solvents can be used, including but not limited to, ethanol, glycerol, propylene glycol, propylene glycol ethyl ether, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, or combinations thereof The co-solvent may comprise 10 to 30 wt% of the decontamination composition (based on the total composition), or 10 to 25 wt%, or 10 to 20 wt%, or 10 to 15 wt%, or 15 to 30 wt%, or 20 to 30 wt%, or 35 to 30 wt%.
The chelating agent can prevent the interference of minerals such as sodium, potassium, magnesium with cerium during the decontamination reactions. Any suitable chelating additives can be used including, but not limited to, citric acid, ethylene diamine
5 tetraacetic acid, or combinations thereof The chelating agent may comprise 0.2 to 1 wt% of the decontamination composition (based on the total composition), or 0.2 to 0.9 wt%, or 0.2 to 0.8 wt%, or 0.2 to 0.7 wt%, or 0.2 to 0.6 wt%, or 0.2 to 0.5 wt%, or 0.2 to 0.4 wt%, or 0.2 to 0.3 wt%, or 0.3 to 1 wt%, or 0.4 to 1 wt%, or 0.5 to 1 wt%, or 0.6 to 1 wt%, or 0.7 to 1 wt%, or 0.8 to 1 wt%, or 0.9 to 1 wt%.
The polymer can help achieve desirable flow, viscosity, or both of the decontamination composition during application. Any suitable polymer, can be used including, but not limited to, polyacrylic acids, a poly (acrylic acid-co-methyl vinyl ether), polyvinyl pyrrolidones, polyvinyl pyridines, polyoxazolidone and polyoxazolidone .. copolymers, or combinations thereof The polymer may comprise 0.1 to 5 wt%
of the decontamination composition (based on the total composition), or 0.1 to 4.5 wt%, or 0.1 to 4 wt%, or 0.1 to 3.5 wt%, or 0.1 to 3 wt%, or 0.1 to 2.5 wt%, or 0.1 to 2 wt%, or 0.1 to 1.5 wt%, or 0.1 to 1 wt%, or 0.1 to 0.5 wt%, or 0.5 to 5 wt%, or 1 to 5 wt%, or 1.5 to 5 wt%, or 2 to 5 wt%, or 2.5 to 5 wt%, or 3 to 5 wt%, or 3.5 to 5 wt%, or 4 to 5 wt%, or 4.5 to 5 wt%.
In some embodiments, the cerium salt can be reacted with hydroxides to form a dispersion of cerium oxide in water. However, this is less desirable because cerium oxide is more expensive than cerium salts. Suitable hydroxides include, but are not limited to tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH), ammonium hydroxide, choline hydroxide, benzyltrimethylammonium hydroxide, or combinations thereof.
In some embodiments, the decontamination composition comprises an aqueous solution comprising 1 to 500 ppm cerium ions.
In some embodiments, the decontamination composition comprises an aqueous solution comprising 1-250 ppm cerium ions.
In some embodiments, the decontamination composition comprises an aqueous solution comprising 1-100 ppm cerium ions.
In some embodiments, the decontamination composition comprises an aqueous solution comprising 1 to 500 ppm cerium ions, 0 to 10 wt% oxidizer, 0 to 10 wt%
activator, 0 to 2 wt% surfactant, 0 to 30 wt% co-solvent, 0 to 1 wt %
chelating agent, and 0 to 5 wt% polymer and wherein the amount of at least one of the oxidizer, the activator, the surfactant, the co-solvent, the chelating agent, or the polymer is greater than 0.
The polymer can help achieve desirable flow, viscosity, or both of the decontamination composition during application. Any suitable polymer, can be used including, but not limited to, polyacrylic acids, a poly (acrylic acid-co-methyl vinyl ether), polyvinyl pyrrolidones, polyvinyl pyridines, polyoxazolidone and polyoxazolidone .. copolymers, or combinations thereof The polymer may comprise 0.1 to 5 wt%
of the decontamination composition (based on the total composition), or 0.1 to 4.5 wt%, or 0.1 to 4 wt%, or 0.1 to 3.5 wt%, or 0.1 to 3 wt%, or 0.1 to 2.5 wt%, or 0.1 to 2 wt%, or 0.1 to 1.5 wt%, or 0.1 to 1 wt%, or 0.1 to 0.5 wt%, or 0.5 to 5 wt%, or 1 to 5 wt%, or 1.5 to 5 wt%, or 2 to 5 wt%, or 2.5 to 5 wt%, or 3 to 5 wt%, or 3.5 to 5 wt%, or 4 to 5 wt%, or 4.5 to 5 wt%.
In some embodiments, the cerium salt can be reacted with hydroxides to form a dispersion of cerium oxide in water. However, this is less desirable because cerium oxide is more expensive than cerium salts. Suitable hydroxides include, but are not limited to tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH), ammonium hydroxide, choline hydroxide, benzyltrimethylammonium hydroxide, or combinations thereof.
In some embodiments, the decontamination composition comprises an aqueous solution comprising 1 to 500 ppm cerium ions.
In some embodiments, the decontamination composition comprises an aqueous solution comprising 1-250 ppm cerium ions.
In some embodiments, the decontamination composition comprises an aqueous solution comprising 1-100 ppm cerium ions.
In some embodiments, the decontamination composition comprises an aqueous solution comprising 1 to 500 ppm cerium ions, 0 to 10 wt% oxidizer, 0 to 10 wt%
activator, 0 to 2 wt% surfactant, 0 to 30 wt% co-solvent, 0 to 1 wt %
chelating agent, and 0 to 5 wt% polymer and wherein the amount of at least one of the oxidizer, the activator, the surfactant, the co-solvent, the chelating agent, or the polymer is greater than 0.
6 In some embodiments, the decontamination composition comprises an aqueous solution comprising 1 to 250 ppm cerium ions, 0 to 10 wt% oxidizer, 0 to 10 wt%
activator, 0 to 2 wt% surfactant, 0 to 30 wt% co-solvent, 0 to 1 wt %
chelating agent, and 0 to wt% polymer and wherein the amount of at least one of the oxidizer, the activator, the 5 .. surfactant, the co-solvent, the chelating agent, or the polymer is greater than 0.
In some embodiments, the decontamination composition comprises an aqueous solution comprising 1 to 500 ppm cerium ions, 0 to 10 wt% oxidizer, 0 to 10 wt%
activator, 0 to 2 wt% surfactant, 0 to 30 wt% co-solvent, 0 to 1 wt %
chelating agent, and 0 to 5 wt% polymer, and wherein the amount of at least one of the oxidizer, the activator, the surfactant, the co-solvent, the chelating agent, or the polymer is greater than 0.
In some embodiments, the decontamination composition comprises an aqueous solution comprising 1 to 500 ppm cerium ions, 0 to 10 wt% oxidizer, 0 to 10 wt%
activator, 0 to 2 wt% surfactant, 0 to 30 wt% co-solvent, 0 to 1 wt %
chelating agent, and 0 to 5 wt% polymer and wherein the amount of at least two of the oxidizer, the activator, the surfactant, the co-solvent, the chelating agent, or the polymer is greater than 0.
In some embodiments, the decontamination composition comprises an aqueous solution comprising 1 to 250 ppm cerium ions, 0 to 10 wt% oxidizer, 0 to 10 wt%
activator, 0 to 2 wt% surfactant, 0 to 30 wt% co-solvent, 0 to 1 wt %
chelating agent, and 0 to 5 wt% polymer and wherein the amount of at least two of the oxidizer, the activator, the surfactant, the co-solvent, the chelating agent, or the polymer is greater than 0.
In some embodiments, the decontamination composition comprises an aqueous solution comprising 1 to 100 ppm cerium ions, 0 to 10 wt% oxidizer, 0 to 10 wt%
activator, 0 to 2 wt% surfactant, 0 to 30 wt% co-solvent, 0 to 1 wt %
chelating agent, and 0 to 5 wt% polymer, and wherein the amount of at least two of the oxidizer, the activator, the .. surfactant, the co-solvent, the chelating agent, or the polymer is greater than 0.
In some embodiments, the decontamination composition comprises an aqueous solution comprising 1 to 500 ppm cerium ions, 0 to 10 wt% oxidizer, 0 to 10 wt%
activator, 0 to 2 wt% surfactant, 0 to 30 wt% co-solvent, 0 to 1 wt %
chelating agent, and 0 to 5 wt% polymer and wherein the amount of at least three of the oxidizer, the activator, the surfactant, the co-solvent, the chelating agent, or the polymer is greater than 0.
activator, 0 to 2 wt% surfactant, 0 to 30 wt% co-solvent, 0 to 1 wt %
chelating agent, and 0 to wt% polymer and wherein the amount of at least one of the oxidizer, the activator, the 5 .. surfactant, the co-solvent, the chelating agent, or the polymer is greater than 0.
In some embodiments, the decontamination composition comprises an aqueous solution comprising 1 to 500 ppm cerium ions, 0 to 10 wt% oxidizer, 0 to 10 wt%
activator, 0 to 2 wt% surfactant, 0 to 30 wt% co-solvent, 0 to 1 wt %
chelating agent, and 0 to 5 wt% polymer, and wherein the amount of at least one of the oxidizer, the activator, the surfactant, the co-solvent, the chelating agent, or the polymer is greater than 0.
In some embodiments, the decontamination composition comprises an aqueous solution comprising 1 to 500 ppm cerium ions, 0 to 10 wt% oxidizer, 0 to 10 wt%
activator, 0 to 2 wt% surfactant, 0 to 30 wt% co-solvent, 0 to 1 wt %
chelating agent, and 0 to 5 wt% polymer and wherein the amount of at least two of the oxidizer, the activator, the surfactant, the co-solvent, the chelating agent, or the polymer is greater than 0.
In some embodiments, the decontamination composition comprises an aqueous solution comprising 1 to 250 ppm cerium ions, 0 to 10 wt% oxidizer, 0 to 10 wt%
activator, 0 to 2 wt% surfactant, 0 to 30 wt% co-solvent, 0 to 1 wt %
chelating agent, and 0 to 5 wt% polymer and wherein the amount of at least two of the oxidizer, the activator, the surfactant, the co-solvent, the chelating agent, or the polymer is greater than 0.
In some embodiments, the decontamination composition comprises an aqueous solution comprising 1 to 100 ppm cerium ions, 0 to 10 wt% oxidizer, 0 to 10 wt%
activator, 0 to 2 wt% surfactant, 0 to 30 wt% co-solvent, 0 to 1 wt %
chelating agent, and 0 to 5 wt% polymer, and wherein the amount of at least two of the oxidizer, the activator, the .. surfactant, the co-solvent, the chelating agent, or the polymer is greater than 0.
In some embodiments, the decontamination composition comprises an aqueous solution comprising 1 to 500 ppm cerium ions, 0 to 10 wt% oxidizer, 0 to 10 wt%
activator, 0 to 2 wt% surfactant, 0 to 30 wt% co-solvent, 0 to 1 wt %
chelating agent, and 0 to 5 wt% polymer and wherein the amount of at least three of the oxidizer, the activator, the surfactant, the co-solvent, the chelating agent, or the polymer is greater than 0.
7 In some embodiments, the decontamination composition comprises an aqueous solution comprising 1 to 250 ppm cerium ions, 0 to 10 wt% oxidizer, 0 to 10 wt%
activator, 0 to 2 wt% surfactant, 0 to 30 wt% co-solvent, 0 to 1 wt %
chelating agent, and 0 to wt% polymer and wherein the amount of at least three of the oxidizer, the activator, the 5 surfactant, the co-solvent, the chelating agent, or the polymer is greater than 0.
In some embodiments, the decontamination composition comprises an aqueous solution comprising 1 to 100 ppm cerium ions, 0 to 10 wt% oxidizer, 0 to 10 wt%
activator, 0 to 2 wt% surfactant, 0 to 30 wt% co-solvent, 0 to 1 wt %
chelating agent, and 0 to 5 wt% polymer, and wherein the amount of at least three of the oxidizer, the activator, the surfactant, the co-solvent, the chelating agent, or the polymer is greater than 0.
In some embodiments, the decontamination composition comprises an aqueous solution comprising 1 to 500 ppm cerium ions, 0 to 10 wt% oxidizer, 0 to 10 wt%
activator, 0 to 2 wt% surfactant, 0 to 30 wt% co-solvent, 0 to 1 wt %
chelating agent, and 0 to 5 wt% polymer and wherein the amount of at least four of the oxidizer, the activator, the surfactant, the co-solvent, the chelating agent, or the polymer is greater than 0.
In some embodiments, the decontamination composition comprises an aqueous solution comprising 1 to 250 ppm cerium ions, 0 to 10 wt% oxidizer, 0 to 10 wt%
activator, 0 to 2 wt% surfactant, 0 to 30 wt% co-solvent, 0 to 1 wt %
chelating agent, and 0 to 5 wt% polymer and wherein the amount of at least four of the oxidizer, the activator, the surfactant, the co-solvent, the chelating agent, or the polymer is greater than 0.
In some embodiments, the decontamination composition comprises an aqueous solution comprising 1 to 100 ppm cerium ions, 0 to 10 wt% oxidizer, 0 to 10 wt%
activator, 0 to 2 wt% surfactant, 0 to 30 wt% co-solvent, 0 to 1 wt %
chelating agent, and 0 to 5 wt% polymer, and wherein the amount of at least four of the oxidizer, the activator, the surfactant, the co-solvent, the chelating agent, or the polymer is greater than 0.
In some embodiments, the decontamination composition comprises an aqueous solution comprising 1 to 500 ppm cerium ions, 1 to 10 wt% oxidizer, 0 to 10 wt%
activator, 0.5 to 2 wt% surfactant, 10 to 30 wt% co-solvent, 0.2 to 1 wt %
chelating agent, and 0.1 to 5 wt% polymer.
In some embodiments, the decontamination composition comprises an aqueous solution comprising 1 to 250 ppm cerium ions, 1 to 10 wt% oxidizer, 0 to 10 wt%
activator, 0 to 2 wt% surfactant, 0 to 30 wt% co-solvent, 0 to 1 wt %
chelating agent, and 0 to wt% polymer and wherein the amount of at least three of the oxidizer, the activator, the 5 surfactant, the co-solvent, the chelating agent, or the polymer is greater than 0.
In some embodiments, the decontamination composition comprises an aqueous solution comprising 1 to 100 ppm cerium ions, 0 to 10 wt% oxidizer, 0 to 10 wt%
activator, 0 to 2 wt% surfactant, 0 to 30 wt% co-solvent, 0 to 1 wt %
chelating agent, and 0 to 5 wt% polymer, and wherein the amount of at least three of the oxidizer, the activator, the surfactant, the co-solvent, the chelating agent, or the polymer is greater than 0.
In some embodiments, the decontamination composition comprises an aqueous solution comprising 1 to 500 ppm cerium ions, 0 to 10 wt% oxidizer, 0 to 10 wt%
activator, 0 to 2 wt% surfactant, 0 to 30 wt% co-solvent, 0 to 1 wt %
chelating agent, and 0 to 5 wt% polymer and wherein the amount of at least four of the oxidizer, the activator, the surfactant, the co-solvent, the chelating agent, or the polymer is greater than 0.
In some embodiments, the decontamination composition comprises an aqueous solution comprising 1 to 250 ppm cerium ions, 0 to 10 wt% oxidizer, 0 to 10 wt%
activator, 0 to 2 wt% surfactant, 0 to 30 wt% co-solvent, 0 to 1 wt %
chelating agent, and 0 to 5 wt% polymer and wherein the amount of at least four of the oxidizer, the activator, the surfactant, the co-solvent, the chelating agent, or the polymer is greater than 0.
In some embodiments, the decontamination composition comprises an aqueous solution comprising 1 to 100 ppm cerium ions, 0 to 10 wt% oxidizer, 0 to 10 wt%
activator, 0 to 2 wt% surfactant, 0 to 30 wt% co-solvent, 0 to 1 wt %
chelating agent, and 0 to 5 wt% polymer, and wherein the amount of at least four of the oxidizer, the activator, the surfactant, the co-solvent, the chelating agent, or the polymer is greater than 0.
In some embodiments, the decontamination composition comprises an aqueous solution comprising 1 to 500 ppm cerium ions, 1 to 10 wt% oxidizer, 0 to 10 wt%
activator, 0.5 to 2 wt% surfactant, 10 to 30 wt% co-solvent, 0.2 to 1 wt %
chelating agent, and 0.1 to 5 wt% polymer.
In some embodiments, the decontamination composition comprises an aqueous solution comprising 1 to 250 ppm cerium ions, 1 to 10 wt% oxidizer, 0 to 10 wt%
8 activator, 0.5 to 2 wt% surfactant, 10 to 30 wt% co-solvent, 0.2 to 1 wt %
chelating agent, and 0.1 to 5 wt% polymer.
In some embodiments, the decontamination composition comprises an aqueous solution comprising 1 to 100 ppm cerium salt, 1 to 10 wt% oxidizer, 0 to 10 wt%
activator, 0.5 to 2 wt% surfactant, 10 to 30 wt% co-solvent, 0.2 to 1 wt %
chelating agent, and 0.1 to 5 wt% polymer.
In an embodiment, the decontamination compositions decontaminate the toxic materials and/or PAHs by removing at least a portion of the contaminant from the surface of the clothing. In some embodiments, the decontamination composition converts the toxic materials and/or PAHs to their corresponding oxidized products which are typically less toxic or benign materials. In some embodiments, at least some of the toxic materials and/or PAHs are removed and converted to less toxic or benign materials. Typically, at least 50% of the toxic materials and/or PAHs are removed or converted, or at least 60%, or at least 70%, or at least 80%, or at least 90%.
Another aspect of the invention involves methods of decontaminating clothing having toxic materials and/or PAH on it. In one embodiment, the method involves applying a decontamination composition to clothing containing toxic materials and/or PAH.
The decontamination composition comprises an aqueous solution of a water soluble cerium salt or dispersion of cerium oxide in water as described above.
The decontamination composition can be applied using any suitable method including, but not limited to, spraying, dipping, pouring, wiping scrubbing, and combinations thereof The decontamination composition can be removed from the clothing after decontamination by the same methods.
The aqueous solution of the water soluble cerium salt or the dispersion of cerium oxide in water may be prepared in advance of use or it may be prepared at the time it is to be applied.
In some embodiments, the decontamination composition should be maintained at a temperature in the range of 4 C to 30 C for storage and application, or 10 C to 30 C, or 15 C to 30 C, or 20 C to 30 C, or 22 C to 30 C.
chelating agent, and 0.1 to 5 wt% polymer.
In some embodiments, the decontamination composition comprises an aqueous solution comprising 1 to 100 ppm cerium salt, 1 to 10 wt% oxidizer, 0 to 10 wt%
activator, 0.5 to 2 wt% surfactant, 10 to 30 wt% co-solvent, 0.2 to 1 wt %
chelating agent, and 0.1 to 5 wt% polymer.
In an embodiment, the decontamination compositions decontaminate the toxic materials and/or PAHs by removing at least a portion of the contaminant from the surface of the clothing. In some embodiments, the decontamination composition converts the toxic materials and/or PAHs to their corresponding oxidized products which are typically less toxic or benign materials. In some embodiments, at least some of the toxic materials and/or PAHs are removed and converted to less toxic or benign materials. Typically, at least 50% of the toxic materials and/or PAHs are removed or converted, or at least 60%, or at least 70%, or at least 80%, or at least 90%.
Another aspect of the invention involves methods of decontaminating clothing having toxic materials and/or PAH on it. In one embodiment, the method involves applying a decontamination composition to clothing containing toxic materials and/or PAH.
The decontamination composition comprises an aqueous solution of a water soluble cerium salt or dispersion of cerium oxide in water as described above.
The decontamination composition can be applied using any suitable method including, but not limited to, spraying, dipping, pouring, wiping scrubbing, and combinations thereof The decontamination composition can be removed from the clothing after decontamination by the same methods.
The aqueous solution of the water soluble cerium salt or the dispersion of cerium oxide in water may be prepared in advance of use or it may be prepared at the time it is to be applied.
In some embodiments, the decontamination composition should be maintained at a temperature in the range of 4 C to 30 C for storage and application, or 10 C to 30 C, or 15 C to 30 C, or 20 C to 30 C, or 22 C to 30 C.
9 In some embodiments, the toxic materials, PAH, or both are removed and/or converted to less toxic or benign materials within 24 hours, or within 12 hours, or within 6 hours, or within 4 hours, or within 2 hours, or within 1 hour.
In some embodiments, the decontamination composition is used to decontaminate the toxic materials and/or PAHs immediately from the firefighter's protective clothing the scene of a fire incident. In other embodiments, the decontamination composition is used to decontaminate the toxic materials and/or PAHs from the firefighter's protective clothing after the firefighter returns from the scene of a fire incident.
Another aspect of the invention is a kit containing the components for the decontamination composition. The cerium salt, cerium oxide (or cerium salt and hydroxide) could be provided in the appropriate amounts, along with one or more of the optional oxidizer, activator, surfactant, co-solvent, chelating agent, and polymer, as desired. The kit can be easily stored and transported to the application site where the components can be mixed with water and applied. The kit could designed to provide include sufficient cerium salt or cerium oxide for a single application, for example for a single fire fighter, or multiple applications, for example two or more fire fighters. Instructions can be included in the kit to provide directions for the proper mixing and application procedures.
EXAMPLES
The invention is further described with the following examples and should not be construed as to limit the scope of the invention. All examples were conducted at room temperature (approximately 23 C).
Example 1: Preparation of Decontamination Composition A
Ammonium cerium (IV) nitrate, 40 grams (g) (Sigma# C3654) was dissolved in 100 grams of distilled water. Once the solid was dissolved, a sonicating horn (Sonicator=Misonix Sonicator 3000, horn=Misonix Inc. Model#4, ¨1/4 -1/2") was placed into the cerium solution. The solution was sonicated, followed by the addition of 24 milliliters (mL) of tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH, 25% in water, Sigma #331635). Once all TMAH had been charged, the solution was sonicated for another 8-10 minutes to produce the decontamination composition A.
Example la: Preparation of Decontamination Composition lA
4 grams of ammonium cerium (IV) nitrate and 100 mL of distilled water were weighed in a 250 mL glass jar. The solids were dissolved using a magnetic stirrer to produce the decontamination composition lA
Example 2: Preparation of Decontamination Composition B
In a 250 mL glass jar, mix 4 grams of ammonium cerium(IV) sulfate hydrate and 100 mL of distilled water. The solids are dissolved using a magnetic stirrer to produce the decontamination composition B.
Example 3: Preparation of Decontamination Composition C
In a 250 mL glass jar, mix 4 grams of cerium(III) carbonate hydrate and 100 mL of distilled water. The solids are mixed using a magnetic stirrer to produce the decontamination composition C.
Example 4: Preparation of Decontamination Composition D
In a 250 mL glass jar, mix 4 grams of cerium(III) chloride heptahydrate and 100 mL of distilled water. The solids are mixed using a magnetic stirrer to produce the decontamination composition D.
Example 5: Preparation of decontamination Composition E
In a 250 mL glass jar, mix 4 grams of cerium(IV) fluoride and 100 mL of distilled water. The solids are mixed using a magnetic stirrer to produce the decontamination composition E.
Example 6: Preparation of Decontamination Composition F
In a 250 mL glass jar, mix 4 grams of cerium(IV) hydroxide and 100 mL of distilled water. The solids are mixed using a magnetic stirrer to produce the decontamination composition F.
Example 7: Preparation of Decontamination Composition G
In a 250 mL glass jar, mix 4 grams of cerium(III) nitrate hexahydrate and 100 mL of distilled water. The solids are mixed using a magnetic stirrer to produce the decontamination composition G.
Example 8: Preparation of Decontamination Composition H
In a 250 mL glass jar, mix4 grams of cerium(III) oxalate hydrate hexahydrate and 100 mL of distilled water. The solids are mixed using a magnetic stirrer to produce the decontamination composition H.
Example 9: Preparation of Decontamination Composition I
In a 250 mL glass jar, mix 4 grams of cerium(III) sulfate hydrate and 100 mL
of distilled water. The solids are mixed using a magnetic stirrer to produce the decontamination composition I.
Example 10: Decontamination of PAH' s using Decontamination Composition A
One square inch of poly(benzimidazole) based test fabric was challenged (applying the contaminant to a substrate) with 315 micrograms of Benzo(a)pyrene, B(a)P.
B(a)P is one of the concerning PAHs which can be present on the firefighter ensemble. The decontamination solution A obtained from example 1 was sprayed onto B(a)p challenged test fabrics such that the quantity of cerium added to the fabric was between 7.5 and 10.6 mg/in2 (milligrams per square inch). After 15 minutes, the fabric was extracted with acetonitrile solvent. The extracted solution was analyzed for the presence of B(a)P using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) with a UV-VIS detector. There was no B(a)P
left in the extraction solution, suggesting that B(a)P was 100%
decontaminated.
Example 10a (control): Decontamination of PAH' s using water One square inch of poly(benzimidazole) based test fabric was challenged with 315 micrograms of B(a)P. Water was sprayed onto B(a)p challenged test fabrics, and, after minutes, the fabric was extracted with acetonitrile solvent. The extracted solution was analyzed for the presence of B(a)P using HPLC with a UV-VIS detector. More than 250 micrograms of B(a)P remained in the extraction solution, suggesting that less than 20% of the
In some embodiments, the decontamination composition is used to decontaminate the toxic materials and/or PAHs immediately from the firefighter's protective clothing the scene of a fire incident. In other embodiments, the decontamination composition is used to decontaminate the toxic materials and/or PAHs from the firefighter's protective clothing after the firefighter returns from the scene of a fire incident.
Another aspect of the invention is a kit containing the components for the decontamination composition. The cerium salt, cerium oxide (or cerium salt and hydroxide) could be provided in the appropriate amounts, along with one or more of the optional oxidizer, activator, surfactant, co-solvent, chelating agent, and polymer, as desired. The kit can be easily stored and transported to the application site where the components can be mixed with water and applied. The kit could designed to provide include sufficient cerium salt or cerium oxide for a single application, for example for a single fire fighter, or multiple applications, for example two or more fire fighters. Instructions can be included in the kit to provide directions for the proper mixing and application procedures.
EXAMPLES
The invention is further described with the following examples and should not be construed as to limit the scope of the invention. All examples were conducted at room temperature (approximately 23 C).
Example 1: Preparation of Decontamination Composition A
Ammonium cerium (IV) nitrate, 40 grams (g) (Sigma# C3654) was dissolved in 100 grams of distilled water. Once the solid was dissolved, a sonicating horn (Sonicator=Misonix Sonicator 3000, horn=Misonix Inc. Model#4, ¨1/4 -1/2") was placed into the cerium solution. The solution was sonicated, followed by the addition of 24 milliliters (mL) of tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH, 25% in water, Sigma #331635). Once all TMAH had been charged, the solution was sonicated for another 8-10 minutes to produce the decontamination composition A.
Example la: Preparation of Decontamination Composition lA
4 grams of ammonium cerium (IV) nitrate and 100 mL of distilled water were weighed in a 250 mL glass jar. The solids were dissolved using a magnetic stirrer to produce the decontamination composition lA
Example 2: Preparation of Decontamination Composition B
In a 250 mL glass jar, mix 4 grams of ammonium cerium(IV) sulfate hydrate and 100 mL of distilled water. The solids are dissolved using a magnetic stirrer to produce the decontamination composition B.
Example 3: Preparation of Decontamination Composition C
In a 250 mL glass jar, mix 4 grams of cerium(III) carbonate hydrate and 100 mL of distilled water. The solids are mixed using a magnetic stirrer to produce the decontamination composition C.
Example 4: Preparation of Decontamination Composition D
In a 250 mL glass jar, mix 4 grams of cerium(III) chloride heptahydrate and 100 mL of distilled water. The solids are mixed using a magnetic stirrer to produce the decontamination composition D.
Example 5: Preparation of decontamination Composition E
In a 250 mL glass jar, mix 4 grams of cerium(IV) fluoride and 100 mL of distilled water. The solids are mixed using a magnetic stirrer to produce the decontamination composition E.
Example 6: Preparation of Decontamination Composition F
In a 250 mL glass jar, mix 4 grams of cerium(IV) hydroxide and 100 mL of distilled water. The solids are mixed using a magnetic stirrer to produce the decontamination composition F.
Example 7: Preparation of Decontamination Composition G
In a 250 mL glass jar, mix 4 grams of cerium(III) nitrate hexahydrate and 100 mL of distilled water. The solids are mixed using a magnetic stirrer to produce the decontamination composition G.
Example 8: Preparation of Decontamination Composition H
In a 250 mL glass jar, mix4 grams of cerium(III) oxalate hydrate hexahydrate and 100 mL of distilled water. The solids are mixed using a magnetic stirrer to produce the decontamination composition H.
Example 9: Preparation of Decontamination Composition I
In a 250 mL glass jar, mix 4 grams of cerium(III) sulfate hydrate and 100 mL
of distilled water. The solids are mixed using a magnetic stirrer to produce the decontamination composition I.
Example 10: Decontamination of PAH' s using Decontamination Composition A
One square inch of poly(benzimidazole) based test fabric was challenged (applying the contaminant to a substrate) with 315 micrograms of Benzo(a)pyrene, B(a)P.
B(a)P is one of the concerning PAHs which can be present on the firefighter ensemble. The decontamination solution A obtained from example 1 was sprayed onto B(a)p challenged test fabrics such that the quantity of cerium added to the fabric was between 7.5 and 10.6 mg/in2 (milligrams per square inch). After 15 minutes, the fabric was extracted with acetonitrile solvent. The extracted solution was analyzed for the presence of B(a)P using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) with a UV-VIS detector. There was no B(a)P
left in the extraction solution, suggesting that B(a)P was 100%
decontaminated.
Example 10a (control): Decontamination of PAH' s using water One square inch of poly(benzimidazole) based test fabric was challenged with 315 micrograms of B(a)P. Water was sprayed onto B(a)p challenged test fabrics, and, after minutes, the fabric was extracted with acetonitrile solvent. The extracted solution was analyzed for the presence of B(a)P using HPLC with a UV-VIS detector. More than 250 micrograms of B(a)P remained in the extraction solution, suggesting that less than 20% of the
10 B(a)P was removed or converted.
Example 11: Decontamination of PAH' s using Decontamination Composition A
One square inch of poly(benzimidazole) based test fabric was challenged with 15 300 micrograms of B(a)P. The B(a)P challenged test fabric was placed in a beaker containing 50 mL of the decontamination solution A obtained from example 1.
After 5 minutes of exposure, the fabric was removed and extracted with acetonitrile solvent. The extracted solution was analyzed for the presence of B(a)P using HPLC with a UV-VIS
detector. There was no B(a)P left in the extraction solution, suggesting that B(a)P was 100%
decontaminated.
Example 11 a (control): Decontamination of PAH' s using water One square inch of poly(benzimidazole) based test fabric was challenged with 300 micrograms of B(a)P. The B(a)P challenged test fabric was placed in a beaker containing 50 mL water. After 5 minutes of exposure, the fabric was removed and extracted with acetonitrile solvent. The extracted solution was analyzed for the presence of B(a)P
using HPLC with a UV-VIS detector. More than 240 micrograms of B(a)P remained in the extraction solution, suggesting that 20% or less of the B(a)P was removed or converted.
Example 12: Decontamination of PAH' s using Decontamination Composition lA
One square inch of poly(benzimidazole) based test fabric was challenged with 500 nanograms each of four major PAH' s: Benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P), Benzo(a)anthracene (B(a)A), Benzo(b)fluoranthene (B(b)F), Dibenz(a,h)anthracene (D(a,h)A). 1 mL
of the decontamination solution lA obtained from Example la was added in drops to the test fabrics which were previously challenged with the combined PAH' s. After specified exposure times as shown below, the fabric was extracted with 1:1 (by volume) of acetone:methylene chloride solution. The extracted solution was analyzed for the presence of the four PAH' s using Gas Chromatography coupled with Mass Spectroscopy (GC/MS). The decontamination efficiency with respect to time for the PAH' s is shown in the following table:
PAH type Amount of PAH decontaminated (%) at specified time (min) B(a)P 70 10 100 2 95 5 100 2 100 2 B(a)A 40 10 45 5 50 10 50 2 50 5 B(b)F 38 15 38 10 45 5 35 8 32 10 D(a,h)A 25 15 50 10 35 10 38 10 30 5 Example 13: Example of on-Scene decontamination method at the scene of a fire incident.
After the rescue operation is complete, proceed for decontamination. Use a previously made decontamination composition 1A, or prepare a solution according to the procedure on the scene by adding packet of concentrate (liquid or powder) into sprayer and adding water up to fill line. Mix until dissolved. Pressurize sprayer with hand pump.
Optional - Connect garden hose (with spray nozzle) to pump with adapter on engine.
Optional - Spray down firefighter with clean water, removing loose soot from SCBA, jacket, trousers, gloves, and boots. Rinse helmet separately. Spray firefighter with decontamination solution, making sure to fully cover/saturate all turnout gear, including hood. Spray helmet separately, inside and out. After all visible soot has come in contact with decontamination solution, firefighter will remove Self-contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA).
Additional solution may be sprayed on areas that were covered with SCBA bottle and straps. Spray SCBA completely, including the seal of the mask. Pour out any remaining decontamination solution and rinse sprayer with clean water. Return to station, remove turnout gear, and shower. Wash turnout gear before wearing again in accordance with NFPA 1851 or standard AATCC method.
Example 14: On-Scene decontamination of PAH' s using the decontamination Composition 1A immediately from the firefighter's ensemble after a rescue mission on the scene of a fire incident.
After the rescue operation is complete, the firefighter will proceed to a mobile shower unit, wherein the shower unit comprises of shower heads capable of spraying the decontamination composition 1A and municipal water in tandem for a specified amount of time as soon as the firefighter steps into the shower. The shower booth is capable of indicating the firefighter whether the decontamination is complete by flashing a green light.
.. The shower booth is further capable of collecting the run off solution in isolated tank for reuse or safe discharge. Once the decontamination process is complete, the firefighter can safely remove the ensemble and return to station.
Example 15: Off-site decontamination of PAH's using the decontamination solution 1A from the firefighter's ensemble collected and stored after the rescue mission.
After the rescue operation is complete, remove the ensemble and store in a 55-gallon (gal) drum liner. Add 2 gal of the decontamination composition 1A
prepared from Example 1 to the contaminated ensemble and wait for couple of hours. The ensemble is then transferred to another 55-gal drum liner containing water, and the ensemble is thoroughly rinsed and removed. The decontaminated ensemble is further cleaned in accordance with NFPA 1851 or standard AATCC method.
While at least one exemplary embodiment has been presented in the foregoing detailed description of the invention, it should be appreciated that a vast number of variations exist. It should also be appreciated that the exemplary embodiment or exemplary .. embodiments are only examples, and are not intended to limit the scope, applicability, or configuration of the invention in any way. Rather, the foregoing detailed description will provide those skilled in the art with a convenient road map for implementing an exemplary embodiment of the invention. It being understood that various changes may be made in the function and arrangement of elements described in an exemplary embodiment without departing from the scope of the invention as set forth in the appended claims.
Example 11: Decontamination of PAH' s using Decontamination Composition A
One square inch of poly(benzimidazole) based test fabric was challenged with 15 300 micrograms of B(a)P. The B(a)P challenged test fabric was placed in a beaker containing 50 mL of the decontamination solution A obtained from example 1.
After 5 minutes of exposure, the fabric was removed and extracted with acetonitrile solvent. The extracted solution was analyzed for the presence of B(a)P using HPLC with a UV-VIS
detector. There was no B(a)P left in the extraction solution, suggesting that B(a)P was 100%
decontaminated.
Example 11 a (control): Decontamination of PAH' s using water One square inch of poly(benzimidazole) based test fabric was challenged with 300 micrograms of B(a)P. The B(a)P challenged test fabric was placed in a beaker containing 50 mL water. After 5 minutes of exposure, the fabric was removed and extracted with acetonitrile solvent. The extracted solution was analyzed for the presence of B(a)P
using HPLC with a UV-VIS detector. More than 240 micrograms of B(a)P remained in the extraction solution, suggesting that 20% or less of the B(a)P was removed or converted.
Example 12: Decontamination of PAH' s using Decontamination Composition lA
One square inch of poly(benzimidazole) based test fabric was challenged with 500 nanograms each of four major PAH' s: Benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P), Benzo(a)anthracene (B(a)A), Benzo(b)fluoranthene (B(b)F), Dibenz(a,h)anthracene (D(a,h)A). 1 mL
of the decontamination solution lA obtained from Example la was added in drops to the test fabrics which were previously challenged with the combined PAH' s. After specified exposure times as shown below, the fabric was extracted with 1:1 (by volume) of acetone:methylene chloride solution. The extracted solution was analyzed for the presence of the four PAH' s using Gas Chromatography coupled with Mass Spectroscopy (GC/MS). The decontamination efficiency with respect to time for the PAH' s is shown in the following table:
PAH type Amount of PAH decontaminated (%) at specified time (min) B(a)P 70 10 100 2 95 5 100 2 100 2 B(a)A 40 10 45 5 50 10 50 2 50 5 B(b)F 38 15 38 10 45 5 35 8 32 10 D(a,h)A 25 15 50 10 35 10 38 10 30 5 Example 13: Example of on-Scene decontamination method at the scene of a fire incident.
After the rescue operation is complete, proceed for decontamination. Use a previously made decontamination composition 1A, or prepare a solution according to the procedure on the scene by adding packet of concentrate (liquid or powder) into sprayer and adding water up to fill line. Mix until dissolved. Pressurize sprayer with hand pump.
Optional - Connect garden hose (with spray nozzle) to pump with adapter on engine.
Optional - Spray down firefighter with clean water, removing loose soot from SCBA, jacket, trousers, gloves, and boots. Rinse helmet separately. Spray firefighter with decontamination solution, making sure to fully cover/saturate all turnout gear, including hood. Spray helmet separately, inside and out. After all visible soot has come in contact with decontamination solution, firefighter will remove Self-contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA).
Additional solution may be sprayed on areas that were covered with SCBA bottle and straps. Spray SCBA completely, including the seal of the mask. Pour out any remaining decontamination solution and rinse sprayer with clean water. Return to station, remove turnout gear, and shower. Wash turnout gear before wearing again in accordance with NFPA 1851 or standard AATCC method.
Example 14: On-Scene decontamination of PAH' s using the decontamination Composition 1A immediately from the firefighter's ensemble after a rescue mission on the scene of a fire incident.
After the rescue operation is complete, the firefighter will proceed to a mobile shower unit, wherein the shower unit comprises of shower heads capable of spraying the decontamination composition 1A and municipal water in tandem for a specified amount of time as soon as the firefighter steps into the shower. The shower booth is capable of indicating the firefighter whether the decontamination is complete by flashing a green light.
.. The shower booth is further capable of collecting the run off solution in isolated tank for reuse or safe discharge. Once the decontamination process is complete, the firefighter can safely remove the ensemble and return to station.
Example 15: Off-site decontamination of PAH's using the decontamination solution 1A from the firefighter's ensemble collected and stored after the rescue mission.
After the rescue operation is complete, remove the ensemble and store in a 55-gallon (gal) drum liner. Add 2 gal of the decontamination composition 1A
prepared from Example 1 to the contaminated ensemble and wait for couple of hours. The ensemble is then transferred to another 55-gal drum liner containing water, and the ensemble is thoroughly rinsed and removed. The decontaminated ensemble is further cleaned in accordance with NFPA 1851 or standard AATCC method.
While at least one exemplary embodiment has been presented in the foregoing detailed description of the invention, it should be appreciated that a vast number of variations exist. It should also be appreciated that the exemplary embodiment or exemplary .. embodiments are only examples, and are not intended to limit the scope, applicability, or configuration of the invention in any way. Rather, the foregoing detailed description will provide those skilled in the art with a convenient road map for implementing an exemplary embodiment of the invention. It being understood that various changes may be made in the function and arrangement of elements described in an exemplary embodiment without departing from the scope of the invention as set forth in the appended claims.
Claims (15)
1. A decontamination composition comprising an aqueous solution of a water soluble cerium salt or a dispersion of cerium oxide in water.
2. The composition of claim 1 further comprising at least one of an oxidizer, an activator for the oxidizer, a surfactant, a co-solvent, a chelating agent, and a polymer.
3. The composition of claim 2 wherein the composition comprises the oxidizer and wherein the oxidizer comprises hydrogen peroxide, sodium hypochlorite, sodium percarbonate, or combinations thereof
4. The composition any of claims 2-3 wherein the composition comprises the activator for the oxidizer and wherein the activator comprises tetraacetoxy ethylene diamine (TAED), sodium nonanoyloxybenzenesulfonate, silver acetate, silver nitrate, manganese acetate, copper acetate, iron (II) sulfate, iron (III) sulfate, or combinations thereof.
5. The composition of any of claims 2-4 wherein the composition comprises the surfactant and wherein the surfactant comprises a cationic surfactant, an anionic surfactant, a non-ionic surfactant, or combinations thereof
6. The composition of any of claims 2-5 wherein the composition comprises the surfactant and wherein the surfactant comprises a poly(ethylene oxide-b-propylene oxide), a poly(ethylene oxide-b-butylene oxide), a sorbitol ester of a fatty acid, an ethoxylated fatty alcohol, sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium lauryl benzene sulfonate, a poly acrylic acid, a sulfate based surfactant, a sulfonate based surfactant, a benzalkonium salt, a polyquaternirium, a poly(vinyl pyridine) co- N,N dimethyl ethyl methacrylate, or combinations thereof..
7. The composition of any of claims 2-6 wherein the composition comprises the co-solvent and wherein the co-solvent comprises ethanol, glycerol, propylene glycol, propylene glycol ethyl ether, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, or combinations thereof.
8. The composition of any of claims 2-7 wherein the composition comprises the chelating agent and wherein the chelating agent comprises citric acid, ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid, or combinations thereof.
9. The composition of any of claims 2-8 wherein the composition comprises the polymer and wherein the polymer comprises a polyacrylic acid, a poly (acrylic acid-co-methyl vinyl ether), a polyvinyl pyrrolidone, a polyvinyl pyridine, a polyoxazolidone and polyoxazolidone copolymer, or combinations thereof.
10. The composition of any of claims 1-9 wherein the composition comprises 1 to 500 ppm cerium ions, 0 to 10 wt% oxidizer, 0 to 10 wt% activator, 0 to 2 wt%
surfactant, 0 to 30 wt% co-solvent, 0 to 1 wt% chelating agent, and 0 to 5 wt% polymer.
surfactant, 0 to 30 wt% co-solvent, 0 to 1 wt% chelating agent, and 0 to 5 wt% polymer.
11. The composition of any of claims 1-10 wherein the cerium salt comprises ammonium cerium (IV) nitrate, ammonium cerium(IV) sulfate hydrate, cerium(III) carbonate hydrate, cerium(III) chloride heptahydrateõ cerium(IV) fluoride, cerium(IV) hydroxide, cerium(IV) nitrate hexahydrate, cerium(III) sulfate hydrate, or combinations thereof.
12. A method of decontaminating clothing comprising:
applying the decontamination composition of any of claims 1-11 to clothing containing toxic materials, PAH, or both.
applying the decontamination composition of any of claims 1-11 to clothing containing toxic materials, PAH, or both.
13. The method of claim 12 wherein at least 50% of the toxic materials are removed or converted to a less toxic material or a benign material or both.
14. The method of any of claims 12-13 wherein the method of applying the decontamination composition comprises spraying, dipping, pouring, wiping, scrubbing, or combinations thereof.
15. The method of any of claims 12-14 further comprising removing the decontamination composition from the clothing after decontamination.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
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PCT/US2017/064739 WO2019112571A1 (en) | 2017-12-05 | 2017-12-05 | Decontamination compositions and methods of decontamination |
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CA3084792A Pending CA3084792A1 (en) | 2017-12-05 | 2017-12-05 | Decontamination compositions and methods of decontamination |
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EP (1) | EP3720573A1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN111655343A (en) |
AU (1) | AU2017442099A1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA3084792A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2019112571A1 (en) |
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US6090291A (en) * | 1997-08-20 | 2000-07-18 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Waste processing method and waste processing apparatus |
FR2775606B1 (en) * | 1998-03-09 | 2000-03-31 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | DECONTAMINATION FOAM COMPRISING AN OXIDIZING AGENT SUCH AS CERIUM (IV) |
JP4303365B2 (en) * | 1998-07-30 | 2009-07-29 | 日本ペイント株式会社 | Cleaning aqueous solution of aluminum metal and cleaning method thereof |
DE202006005910U1 (en) * | 2006-04-11 | 2006-06-08 | Wigo-Werk Kreuznach Chemische Fabrik Gmbh | Concentrate, useful for cleaning screens, comprises monovalent alcohol; polyvalent alcohol; surfactants; complexing agent; nano-particle; optional components e.g. aroma material; and water |
CN101626789A (en) * | 2006-06-05 | 2010-01-13 | 耶德研究和发展有限公司 | Decontaminating fluids and using method thereof |
CN102046538A (en) * | 2008-04-03 | 2011-05-04 | 西门子水处理技术公司 | Catalytic wet oxidation systems and methods |
WO2014040010A2 (en) * | 2012-09-10 | 2014-03-13 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Cleaning compositions comprising structured particles |
CN109477291B (en) * | 2016-06-07 | 2021-09-24 | ***纪念研究院 | Coating and personal protective clothing product coated with the coating |
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2017
- 2017-12-05 CA CA3084792A patent/CA3084792A1/en active Pending
- 2017-12-05 AU AU2017442099A patent/AU2017442099A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2017-12-05 CN CN201780098258.1A patent/CN111655343A/en active Pending
- 2017-12-05 EP EP17829064.9A patent/EP3720573A1/en not_active Withdrawn
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CN111655343A (en) | 2020-09-11 |
WO2019112571A1 (en) | 2019-06-13 |
EP3720573A1 (en) | 2020-10-14 |
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