CA3036421A1 - System and method for switching high voltages - Google Patents
System and method for switching high voltages Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA3036421A1 CA3036421A1 CA3036421A CA3036421A CA3036421A1 CA 3036421 A1 CA3036421 A1 CA 3036421A1 CA 3036421 A CA3036421 A CA 3036421A CA 3036421 A CA3036421 A CA 3036421A CA 3036421 A1 CA3036421 A1 CA 3036421A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- specifically
- switching
- units
- interrupter
- elements
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
- H01H33/008—Pedestal mounted switch gear combinations
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
- H01H33/02—Details
- H01H33/04—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
- H01H33/14—Multiple main contacts for the purpose of dividing the current through, or potential drop along, the arc
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
- H01H33/02—Details
- H01H33/28—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
- H01H33/02—Details
- H01H33/46—Interlocking mechanisms
- H01H33/52—Interlocking mechanisms for interlocking two or more switches
Landscapes
- Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)
- Gas-Insulated Switchgears (AREA)
- Electronic Switches (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a system (1) and to a method for switching high voltages with a switching path which comprises at least two serially connected switching units (2, 3). Each switching unit (2, 3) comprises at least one support element (4, 5) and elements of a kinematic chain (7) for transferring a switching movement from at least one drive (8). The support elements (4, 5) of the at least one switching unit (2, 3) are interconnected by means of at least one coupling element (10).
Description
Description System and method for switching high voltages The invention relates to a system and a method for switching high voltages with a switching path which comprises at least two series-connected switching units. Each switching unit comprises at least one support element and elements of a kinematic chain for transferring a switching movement from at least one drive.
Systems for switching high voltages, specifically for the switching of voltages in the region of 70 kV to 1,200 kV, comprise power switches. These incorporate contacts having fixed and/or movable contact pieces, specifically rated current contacts and arcing contacts, by means of which switching arcs can be generated and extinguished. The interrupter units, i.e.
power switches, close or interrupt at least one current path, specifically one current path per pole. Accordingly, current generators and/or current consumers and/or sections of power grids can be isolated from one another, or interconnected. A
three-pole system having at least three power switches, specifically at least one power switch per pole, is e.g.
designed to switch three current paths, either individually, sequentially or simultaneously, i.e. to execute the interruption or closing thereof.
This can be necessary, specifically in the event of fault currents in power grids, in case of equipment malfunctions, or in conjunction with the switch-on or switch-of of electricity generators and/or electricity consumers. Switching is executed in a regulated or controlled manner, e.g. in accordance with measured variables on the system and/or in accordance with energy demand. Appropriate devices, including e.g. current and voltage measuring devices, sensors for temperature, air pressure or malfunctions can be incorporated in systems for the switching of high voltages, e.g. in order to permit a switching operation to be controlled either decentrally or centrally, specifically from a control center.
In order to permit the switching of high voltages, a switching system can comprise a plurality of interrupter units per pole, which are specifically electrically interconnected in series, one after another. For example, a quadruple interrupter system can comprise four series-connected interrupter units, arranged one after another, by means of which e.g. a switching voltage of 1,200 V can be reduced by a voltage of 300 V per interrupter unit. A modular design, comprising a plurality of interrupter units, permits a cost-effective adaptation of the system to the requisite maximum switching capacity, the employment of technically simple and cost-effectively producible interrupter units with a low maximum switching capacity or voltage, and a compact design. In the event of switching, series-connected interrupter units must be switched synchronously, i.e.
essentially simultaneously.
During switching, the moveable contact pieces of a contact are moved by means of elements in a kinematic chain, whereby the contacts are opened or closed. A drive delivers the kinetic energy required for the switching process. As a drive, e.g. a stored-energy spring mechanism having at least one energy storage spring and/or an electric motor can be employed. Hand cranks and/or a motor can be used to deliver energy to an energy storage spring, which is stored until the switching instant. Multi-pole switches can comprise at least one drive per pole, or can comprise a common drive for a plurality of poles. A stored-energy spring drive comprises at least one closing spring and at least one opening spring, or a common spring for the opening and closing movement.
Elements of the kinematic chain transmit kinetic energy from the drive to the moveable contact pieces of the electrical contacts upon switching. Gearing elements, including e.g.
shafts and levers, can be incorporated in order to vary the direction of motion and the force which is transmitted to the moveable contact pieces e.g. via a drive rod. For rapid switching, specifically within the range of milliseconds, large forces and rapid movements are required. Synchronous switching requires synchronism, i.e. the simultaneous switching of all the respective series-connected interrupter units. Standards stipulate a maximum temporal deviation, i.e. synchronous operation in a switch-on process, which lies within one sixth of an oscillation cycle of the oscillating voltage applied to the system. In a switch-off process, standards stipulate the synchronous operation of all the interrupter units, within one eighth of an oscillation cycle of the oscillating voltage applied to the system.
In the event of a periodically recurrent oscillation, specifically sinusoidal oscillation, at a frequency of 50 or 60 Hz, the closing of all the series-connected interrupter units must therefore be executed within one three hundredth of a second at 50 Hz, or one three hundred and sixtieth of a second at 60 Hz, and the opening of all the series-connected interrupter units must be executed within one four hundredth of a second at 50 Hz, or one four hundred and eightieth of a second at 60 Hz. In order to achieve this, in the event of the employment of a plurality of drives, specifically one drive per interrupter unit or per pair of interrupter units, e.g. in the event of four series-connected interrupter units, the drives are electrically synchronized.
The interrupter units are arranged on supports or support elements. Support elements comprise e.g. insulators of ceramic and/or silicon construction, which are specifically mounted on metal supports, e.g. of steel or aluminum construction, and arranged on a foundation. The support elements can be configured in the form of a column, and arranged perpendicularly to the plane of the foundation. For reasons of stability, two interrupter units can be respectively combined in a switching unit or interrupter head, arranged symmetrically on a support. The interrupter units can be arranged one after another in the longitudinal axis thereof, in an electrical series-connected arrangement, and secured in a mechanically stable manner at the upper end of a support element, i.e. the end thereof which is averted from the foundation. A support and the switching unit mounted thereupon thus assume e.g. a T-shape, wherein the longitudinal axis of the switching unit is specifically oriented essentially in parallel with the foundation.
One pole of a quadruple interrupter arrangement comprises e.g.
two support elements, each with an interrupter head mounted thereupon. The interrupter heads are arranged relative to one another such that their longitudinal axes are arranged on a common longitudinal axis, and all four interrupter units are interconnected in series. Each support element and interrupter head combination comprises a drive and elements of a kinematic chain, for the transmission of a switching movement from the drive to the respective interrupter head. Synchronous switching requires the electrical synchronization of specifically two drives, in order to offset differences in the drives, kinematic chains and interrupter units, such that the synchronism of switching is ensured. The adjustment of electrical synchronization is complex, time-consuming and cost-intensive.
The object of the present invention is the elimination or reduction of the above-mentioned problems. Specifically, the object thereof is the disclosure of a system and a method for switching high voltages, which simply and cost-effectively permit the synchronous operation or synchronization of interrupter units during switching.
= PCT/EP2017/072191 - 5 -According to the invention, the above-mentioned object is fulfilled by a system for switching high voltages having the characteristics claimed in patent claim 1 and/or by a method for the switching of the above-mentioned system as claimed in patent claim 13. Advantageous configurations of the system according to the invention for the switching of high voltages and/or of the method for switching the above-mentioned system are disclosed in the sub-claims. The subject matter of the main claims can be combined with one another, and with characteristics of the sub-claims, and characteristics of the sub-claims are mutually combinable.
A system according to the invention for switching high voltages comprises a switching path having at least two series-connected switching units, wherein each switching unit comprises at least one support element and elements of a kinematic chain for transferring a switching movement from at least one drive. The support elements of the at least two switching units are mechanically interconnected by means of at least one coupling element.
The coupling element permits the mechanical connection of the at least two series-connected switching units. Mechanical adjustment of the synchronization or synchronous operation of the switching units is possible, specifically by the variation of the distance between the at least one drive and at least one switching unit, via elements in the kinematic chain, which are arranged on or in the coupling element and/or support element.
In comparison with electrical synchronization, this arrangement saves costs, reduces complexity and saves time. The coupling element additionally delivers a mechanical stabilization of the support elements, wherein these are mutually braced by means of the at least one support element. A high degree of mechanical stability is required, specifically in the event of an earthquake hazard and/or other climatic influences, such as e.g. storms.
Each switching unit can comprise at least two interrupter units in the form of a power switch, specifically having electrical resistance and/or capacitor units. A quadruple interrupter system can thus be simply produced by the employment of two switching units, each arranged on a support element, each comprising two interrupter units and, specifically, further electrical units, including e.g. resistance and/or capacitor units. The two support elements are mechanically connected by means of the coupling element, and the switching units associated with the support elements can be synchronized, for switching purposes, using the coupling element. Thus, specifically by the use of four power switches, resistance and/or capacitor units, wherein the power switches are series-connected, a high voltage can be switched in a simple and cost-effective manner.
The at least one coupling element can comprise at least one support, specifically a transverse support, which interconnects the support elements of the at least two switching units. A
transverse support, by means of its orientation, can offset differences in height, e.g. between the support elements of the switching units, in a simple and cost-effective manner, such that the distance between the at least one drive and the switching units or interrupter units is equal, thus ensuring the achievement of a specified minimum synchronism.
The support elements of the at least two switching units can be arranged perpendicularly to a foundation, specifically in a mutually parallel arrangement, with the switching units respectively arranged on the support elements, at one end of said support elements, on the side thereof which is averted from the foundation. In a lower region of the support elements, the at least one coupling element can be arranged, specifically parallel to the foundation. This arrangement is mechanically stable, as a result of the reinforcement provided by the coupling element. As described above, by the configuration of the coupling element in a parallel arrangement to the foundation, differences in height, e.g. between the support elements of the switching units, can be offset.
The drive of the at least two switching units can be configured as a common drive, which is specifically arranged on at least one coupling element. The drive can be arranged centrally between the at least two switching units and/or the center lines of the support elements. By means of this central arrangement between the two switching units on the coupling element, the distance between the drive and the switching units is equal, i.e. good mechanical synchronization of the switching of the two switching units is possible. The arrangement can be configured with mirror symmetry, with an axis of reflection oriented perpendicularly through the central drive. Identical elements of the kinematic chain on both switching units permit a high degree of synchronism, i.e. the simultaneous switching of the switching units with a low maximum difference in the switching instant. The drive can be e.g. a stored-energy spring drive, specifically having closing and opening springs.
Accordingly, using simple means, a cost-effective switching system can be achieved, having a high degree of synchronism.
The at least two switching units can be arranged one after another along a common longitudinal axis, wherein specifically at least four interrupter units are arranged one after another along the common longitudinal axis, and are specifically electrically connected in series. Specifically, the longitudinal axis can essentially be parallel to the foundation. The support element of a respective switching unit can be arranged centrally to the switching unit, specifically with an equal number of interrupter units to either side of the support element of the respective switching unit. By means of the design of the arrangement according to the invention thus described, two T-shaped switching units with respective support elements are constituted, wherein the switching units are arranged along one axis, thus permitting the simple interconnection thereof in series.
Height differences in the foundation can be compensated e.g. by means of support elements of different lengths, and synchronism can be ensured by the arrangement of the coupling element e.g.
at right angles to the support elements. Alternatively, the support elements can be of equal length, whereby a high degree of synchronism is achieved by the arrangement of the coupling element parallel to the plane of the foundation. The coupling element mechanically stabilizes the support elements, and permits the arrangement of a specifically centrally-arranged drive with an equal distance to the two switching units.
Alternatively, a plurality of drives, e.g. two, can be employed, which are secured to the coupling element such that an equal distance of the drives to the two switching units, via elements of the kinematic chain, is provided. Differences in the elements of the kinematic chains of both drives can also be compensated by an offset in the drives to achieve an arrangement wherein an equal distance to the drives of both switching units is provided. Synchronism can be achieved by the displacement of one drive, or by the mutual displacement of both drives along the coupling element. Synchronism can also be achieved by the tilting of the coupling element in relation to the support elements, as a result of which differences in the travel of the kinematic chain can be compensated.
The system can be a quadruple interrupter system, in the form of a power switch, having four series-connected interrupter units, specifically arranged along a common longitudinal axis, wherein two interrupter units are respectively arranged on a support element, and the support elements, by means of at least one coupling element wherein, specifically, the longitudinal axis of the coupling element is essentially arranged parallel to the common longitudinal axis of the interrupter units, are mechanically interconnected, in the manner of a web.
Specifically, a common drive of the interrupter units can be arranged on the coupling element, e.g. centrally on the coupling element. The design thus described permits the switching of high voltages, specifically up to 1,200 V, e.g.
using standard power switches for lower voltages, with lower costs and with a high degree of synchronism. Synchronism is achieved mechanically by means of the employment of the coupling element, e.g. by the variation of the position of the drive on the coupling element, and thus of the distance, via elements of the kinematic chain, between the drive and the interrupter units.
Elements of the kinematic chain can be incorporated in the system according to the invention, for the transmission of the switching movement of the at least one drive to the interrupter units of the at least two switching units. The elements of the kinematic chain can be arranged on or in the coupling element and/or on or in the support elements, and the movement generated by the drive can be transmitted to the interrupter units as a switching movement. By varying the position and/or the shape of the coupling element relative to the support elements and/or to the drive, the displacement or the length of displacement executed via elements of the kinematic chain on or in the support elements and/or on or in the coupling element is commonly determined and/or set, by means of which greater synchronism in the switching movement and in the switching instant can be achieved.
The support elements of the at least two switching units can comprise insulators, specifically insulators of silicon, composite material and/or ceramic construction. The support elements of the at least two switching units can comprise metal supports, specifically of aluminum and/or steel construction.
The support elements can be constituted of insulator elements and/or metal support elements, e.g. a support element can be of a column-shaped design, with an upper region comprised of an insulating material, specifically a ribbed cylindrical insulator, and a lower region comprised of a metal support, specifically a cylindrical and/or T-shaped metal support. The metal support can also be configured as a metal frame, and/or e.g. the insulators, as support elements, can specifically be configured as insulator columns, arranged perpendicularly on the metal frame. The switching units can be arranged on the insulator columns, and elements of the kinematic chain can be moveably arranged on or in the coupling element, the insulator columns and/or the metal frame. A drive can be arranged on the coupling element, wherein the coupling element can form part of the metal frame.
An electrically-insulating fluid can be incorporated, specifically a liquid and/or a gas, specifically SF6, nitrogen, dry air, carbon dioxide, a fluoroketone and/or a fluoronitrile.
The at least one insulator and/or the interrupter units can be filled with the electrically-insulating fluid, specifically a liquid and/or a gas, specifically SF6, nitrogen, dry air, carbon dioxide, a fluoroketone and/or a fluoronitrile.
The distance via the elements of the kinematic chain from the drive to the at least two, and specifically to all the interrupter units can be equal, specifically with a respectively equal number of elements and identically-configured elements in the kinematic chain from the drive to each interrupter unit, specifically with a common drive for all the interrupter units arranged centrally between the at least two switching units and arranged on the coupling element.
Accordingly, by simple means, a high degree of synchronism is mechanically achievable in a cost-effective manner.
Support elements, as described above, can be of different lengths, specifically for the compensation of variations in the height of the foundation, and/or the at least one coupling element can be arranged on the support elements such that the distance from the drive to the switching units, via elements of the kinematic chain, is of equal length, specifically, in the event of differences in the height of the foundation, with distances of equal length from the switching units to the fixing points of the at least one coupling element on the switching units. Accordingly, again by simple means, a high degree of synchronism is mechanically achievable in a cost-effective manner. By means of the position of the coupling element and the drive relative to the switching units, synchronism can be achieved, and can easily be re-adjusted. The employment of a common drive for the at least two, specifically for all the switching units is possible, thereby reducing both costs and complexity.
A method according to the invention for switching the above-mentioned system is provided wherein, upon the tripping of a switching process, kinetic energy is delivered by exactly one drive, specifically a stored-energy spring drive, and the kinetic energy is transmitted via elements of the kinematic chain to at least two switching units, specifically to four interrupter units, specifically in the manner of a power switch. The two switching units and/or four interrupter units are electrically connected in series, and each switching unit is mounted on a support element. The at least two support elements are connected by means of a common coupling element, and kinetic energy is transmitted via elements of the kinematic chain, arranged in or on the support elements and/or the coupling element.
In a closing process, synchronism on all the interrupter units can be achieved within one sixth of an oscillation cycle of an oscillating voltage applied to the system, specifically in the case of a periodically recurring oscillation, specifically a sinusoidal oscillation, at a frequency of 50 or 60 Hz.
In an opening process, synchronism on all the interrupter units can be achieved within one eighth of an oscillation cycle of an oscillating voltage applied to the system, specifically in the case of a periodically recurring oscillation, specifically a sinusoidal oscillation, at a frequency of 50 or 60 Hz.
The advantages of the method according to the invention for switching an above-mentioned system, according to claim 13, are analogous to the above-mentioned advantages of the system for switching high voltages, according to claim 1, and vice versa.
Systems for switching high voltages according to the prior art and an exemplary embodiment of the invention are schematically represented in figures 1 and 2, and are described in greater detail hereinafter.
In the figures:
Figure 1 shows a schematic side view of a quadruple interrupter system 1 for the switching of high voltages according to the prior art, with two separate and electrically synchronized drives 8, and Figure 2 shows a schematic side view of a quadruple interrupter system 1 according to the invention for the switching of high voltages, with a common drive 8 arranged on a coupling element 10.
Figure 1 represents a schematic side view of a quadruple interrupter system 1 for the switching of high voltages, according to the prior art. The system 1 has a switching path, which comprises two series-connected switching units 2, 3, each having two series-connected interrupter units 6. The switching units 2, 3, with the interrupter units 6, are respectively configured in the form of an interrupter head, which is respectively arranged on a support element 4, 5. The two interrupter units 6 of a switching unit 2, 3 are spatially arranged one after the other, on their longitudinal axis, along a common axis 12, and are interconnected by means of a coupling flange 14. In the region of the coupling flange 14, or above the coupling flange 14, the interrupter units 6 are secured to the respective support element 4, 5 of the switching unit 3, 4.
The two support elements 4, 5 of the two switching units 2, 3 are respectively configured in the form of a column. In the exemplary embodiment shown in figure 1, the column is constituted of various regions, e.g. of an insulator, which is secured to the respective coupling flange 14 of the switching unit 2, 3, and is arranged on a metal support. The metal support is arranged in the lower region 11 of the column or the support element 4, 5, and is configured e.g. in the shape of a column and/or in a T-shape. The support elements 4, 5 are arranged e.g. on a foundation and are specifically secured to the latter, e.g. by means of bolts or by embedding in concrete.
Specifically, the support elements 4, 5 are essentially perpendicular to the plane of the foundation.
The support elements 4, 5, in combination with the associated switching unit 2, 3, respectively constitute a T-shape wherein, to the right and left of the support element 4, 5 an interrupter unit 6 of the respective interrupter head 2, 3 is arranged. In the exemplary embodiment according to figure 1, the foundation is flat and horizontal, wherein the support elements 4, 5 are of equal height. The interrupter units 6 of the two switching units 2, 3 are arranged one behind another, with their respective longitudinal axis arranged on a common longitudinal axis 12, and electrically interconnected in series. At the start and end of the series circuit, i.e. at the start and end of the four interrupter units 6 arranged one behind another, the system 1 comprises electric terminals 9, which electrically connect the system e.g. to the power grids, the current generators and/or the current consumers which are to be switched.
On each support element 4, 5, a drive 8 is arranged, and is specifically secured to the support element 4, 5 in the lower region 11. The drive 8 is configured e.g. in the form of a stored-energy spring drive, having a closing spring and an opening spring, and/or in the form of an electric motor. Upon switching, the drive 8 delivers the kinetic energy which is required for the movement of the moveable contact pieces of the interrupter units 6. Elements of a kinematic chain 7, e.g. in the form of shafts, rods and/or gearing elements, are arranged on or in the support element 4, 5 for the transmission of kinetic energy from the drive 8 to the moveable contact pieces of the interrupter units 6, i.e. for the transmission of the switching movement upon switching. In the figures, the elements of the kinematic chain 7 are represented schematically by broken lines.
The two drives 8 of the two switching units 2, 3 are electrically interconnected and electrically synchronized, in order to permit the achievement of the synchronism of the interrupter units 6 of the two switching units 2, 3 during switching. Deviations or tolerances in manufacturing or installation can result in different travel times for the movement of the two switching units 2, 3, and their respective support elements 4, 5, executed via the two kinematic chains 7.
For a closing operation, standards require the synchronism of all interrupter units 6 with a deviation in the switching instants of said interrupter units 6 which lies within one sixth of an oscillation cycle of the oscillating voltage applied to the system 1. In an opening process, standards require synchronism, whereby all the interrupter units 6 are switched with a deviation in the switching instants of said interrupter units 6 which lies within one eighth of an oscillation cycle of the oscillating voltage applied to the system 1.
Specifically in the case of a periodically recurring oscillation, e.g. a sinusoidal oscillation at a frequency of 50 or 60 Hz, the maximum permissible deviation in the switching instants of the interrupter units 6, i.e. the time to synchronism, lies within the range of milliseconds. Electrical synchronization of the two drives 8, which incorporates differences in the kinematic chains 7, e.g. on the grounds of manufacturing tolerances, thereby requiring the achievement of synchronism, is both complex and expensive. For example, complex test series may be required for each system 1.
Figure 2 represents a schematic side view of a quadruple interrupter system 1 according to the invention for the switching of high currents. The system 1 is analogous to the system 1 according to figure 1, but with a coupling element 10 and a common drive 8 for all four interrupter units 6. The coupling element 10 is configured in the form of a web, wherein the respective ends thereof are specifically arranged on a respective support element 4, 5 of the two switching units 2, 3. Attachment of the coupling element 10 to the support elements 4, 5 can be executed e.g. by means of bolting, welding, adhesive bonding or other connection technologies. The common drive 8 is arranged centrally, i.e. at an equal distance from the two support elements 4 and 5, and is secured to the coupling element 10.
By the employment of one drive 8 for all four interrupter units 6, costs are saved in relation to the exemplary embodiment according to figure 1, which incorporates two drives 8. Any electrical synchronization of a plurality of drives 8 can be omitted by the employment of a single drive 8 only, with a resulting saving in time, complexity and costs. Synchronization of the switching instants of the interrupter units 6 is executed mechanically by means of elements of the kinematic chain 7 and/or by the arrangement of the drive 8 on the coupling element 10, and/or of the coupling element 10 on the support elements 4, 5. Differences in the kinematic chains 7 of the first and second switching units 2, 3 can be compensated by varying the position of the drive 8 on the coupling element and/or of the coupling element 10 relative to the respective switching unit 2,3, whereby the distance of the drive 8 from the two switching units 2, 3, via elements of the kinematic chain 7, is defined.
The coupling element 10, as represented in figure 2, can thus be configured in a parallel arrangement to the foundation or, in the event of differences between elements of the kinematic chain 7 of the first switching unit 2 and elements of the kinematic chain 7 of the second switching unit 3, differences can be compensated by a tilted arrangement of the coupling unit 10, i.e. in a non-parallel arrangement to the base surface.
Differences in the height of the foundation and/or differences in the length of the support elements 4, 5 can likewise be compensated by the arrangement of the coupling element 10 on the support elements 4, 5. Thus, e.g., the coupling element 10 can be arranged on the support elements 4, 5 such that transmission paths of the same length are executed via the kinematic chain 7 of the drive 8 to the first and second switching units 2, 3.
The exemplary embodiments described above can be mutually combined and/or can be combined with the prior art. Although not represented in the figures, in the interests of simplicity, e.g. the switching units 2, 3, specifically each interrupter unit 6, can comprise electrical resistors, capacitors and/or shielding. Elongated resistors and/or capacitors can be configured in a spatially parallel arrangement to the interrupter units 6 which, e.g., are configured in the form of a power switch. The coupling element 10 can be of one-piece construction, e.g. of steel or aluminum, and/or can be configured as a T-support, with elements of the kinematic chain 7 arranged on the support, or can be configured as a hollow body, e.g. of quadratic or circular cross-section, with elements of the kinematic chain 7 arranged in the support. By the connection of the support elements 4, 5 via the coupling element 10, mechanical stabilization of the system 1 can be achieved which, in the event of e.g. environmental influences such as wind or earthquake, produces a higher degree of reliability in the system 1.
The system 1 can comprise more than two switching units 2, 3, each with a support element 10, such that at least two support elements 10 are provided, and specifically all the support elements 10 are connected via the coupling element 10. A
plurality of support elements 10 can also be provided. A
switching unit 2, 3 can comprise one, two or more interrupter units 10. Thus, per switching unit 2, 3, as represented in the figures, two interrupter units can be configured in a mutually linear arrangement, or e.g. three interrupter units can be provided per switching unit 2, 3 in a Y-shaped configuration.
, .
, List of reference numbers 1 System for switching high voltages
Systems for switching high voltages, specifically for the switching of voltages in the region of 70 kV to 1,200 kV, comprise power switches. These incorporate contacts having fixed and/or movable contact pieces, specifically rated current contacts and arcing contacts, by means of which switching arcs can be generated and extinguished. The interrupter units, i.e.
power switches, close or interrupt at least one current path, specifically one current path per pole. Accordingly, current generators and/or current consumers and/or sections of power grids can be isolated from one another, or interconnected. A
three-pole system having at least three power switches, specifically at least one power switch per pole, is e.g.
designed to switch three current paths, either individually, sequentially or simultaneously, i.e. to execute the interruption or closing thereof.
This can be necessary, specifically in the event of fault currents in power grids, in case of equipment malfunctions, or in conjunction with the switch-on or switch-of of electricity generators and/or electricity consumers. Switching is executed in a regulated or controlled manner, e.g. in accordance with measured variables on the system and/or in accordance with energy demand. Appropriate devices, including e.g. current and voltage measuring devices, sensors for temperature, air pressure or malfunctions can be incorporated in systems for the switching of high voltages, e.g. in order to permit a switching operation to be controlled either decentrally or centrally, specifically from a control center.
In order to permit the switching of high voltages, a switching system can comprise a plurality of interrupter units per pole, which are specifically electrically interconnected in series, one after another. For example, a quadruple interrupter system can comprise four series-connected interrupter units, arranged one after another, by means of which e.g. a switching voltage of 1,200 V can be reduced by a voltage of 300 V per interrupter unit. A modular design, comprising a plurality of interrupter units, permits a cost-effective adaptation of the system to the requisite maximum switching capacity, the employment of technically simple and cost-effectively producible interrupter units with a low maximum switching capacity or voltage, and a compact design. In the event of switching, series-connected interrupter units must be switched synchronously, i.e.
essentially simultaneously.
During switching, the moveable contact pieces of a contact are moved by means of elements in a kinematic chain, whereby the contacts are opened or closed. A drive delivers the kinetic energy required for the switching process. As a drive, e.g. a stored-energy spring mechanism having at least one energy storage spring and/or an electric motor can be employed. Hand cranks and/or a motor can be used to deliver energy to an energy storage spring, which is stored until the switching instant. Multi-pole switches can comprise at least one drive per pole, or can comprise a common drive for a plurality of poles. A stored-energy spring drive comprises at least one closing spring and at least one opening spring, or a common spring for the opening and closing movement.
Elements of the kinematic chain transmit kinetic energy from the drive to the moveable contact pieces of the electrical contacts upon switching. Gearing elements, including e.g.
shafts and levers, can be incorporated in order to vary the direction of motion and the force which is transmitted to the moveable contact pieces e.g. via a drive rod. For rapid switching, specifically within the range of milliseconds, large forces and rapid movements are required. Synchronous switching requires synchronism, i.e. the simultaneous switching of all the respective series-connected interrupter units. Standards stipulate a maximum temporal deviation, i.e. synchronous operation in a switch-on process, which lies within one sixth of an oscillation cycle of the oscillating voltage applied to the system. In a switch-off process, standards stipulate the synchronous operation of all the interrupter units, within one eighth of an oscillation cycle of the oscillating voltage applied to the system.
In the event of a periodically recurrent oscillation, specifically sinusoidal oscillation, at a frequency of 50 or 60 Hz, the closing of all the series-connected interrupter units must therefore be executed within one three hundredth of a second at 50 Hz, or one three hundred and sixtieth of a second at 60 Hz, and the opening of all the series-connected interrupter units must be executed within one four hundredth of a second at 50 Hz, or one four hundred and eightieth of a second at 60 Hz. In order to achieve this, in the event of the employment of a plurality of drives, specifically one drive per interrupter unit or per pair of interrupter units, e.g. in the event of four series-connected interrupter units, the drives are electrically synchronized.
The interrupter units are arranged on supports or support elements. Support elements comprise e.g. insulators of ceramic and/or silicon construction, which are specifically mounted on metal supports, e.g. of steel or aluminum construction, and arranged on a foundation. The support elements can be configured in the form of a column, and arranged perpendicularly to the plane of the foundation. For reasons of stability, two interrupter units can be respectively combined in a switching unit or interrupter head, arranged symmetrically on a support. The interrupter units can be arranged one after another in the longitudinal axis thereof, in an electrical series-connected arrangement, and secured in a mechanically stable manner at the upper end of a support element, i.e. the end thereof which is averted from the foundation. A support and the switching unit mounted thereupon thus assume e.g. a T-shape, wherein the longitudinal axis of the switching unit is specifically oriented essentially in parallel with the foundation.
One pole of a quadruple interrupter arrangement comprises e.g.
two support elements, each with an interrupter head mounted thereupon. The interrupter heads are arranged relative to one another such that their longitudinal axes are arranged on a common longitudinal axis, and all four interrupter units are interconnected in series. Each support element and interrupter head combination comprises a drive and elements of a kinematic chain, for the transmission of a switching movement from the drive to the respective interrupter head. Synchronous switching requires the electrical synchronization of specifically two drives, in order to offset differences in the drives, kinematic chains and interrupter units, such that the synchronism of switching is ensured. The adjustment of electrical synchronization is complex, time-consuming and cost-intensive.
The object of the present invention is the elimination or reduction of the above-mentioned problems. Specifically, the object thereof is the disclosure of a system and a method for switching high voltages, which simply and cost-effectively permit the synchronous operation or synchronization of interrupter units during switching.
= PCT/EP2017/072191 - 5 -According to the invention, the above-mentioned object is fulfilled by a system for switching high voltages having the characteristics claimed in patent claim 1 and/or by a method for the switching of the above-mentioned system as claimed in patent claim 13. Advantageous configurations of the system according to the invention for the switching of high voltages and/or of the method for switching the above-mentioned system are disclosed in the sub-claims. The subject matter of the main claims can be combined with one another, and with characteristics of the sub-claims, and characteristics of the sub-claims are mutually combinable.
A system according to the invention for switching high voltages comprises a switching path having at least two series-connected switching units, wherein each switching unit comprises at least one support element and elements of a kinematic chain for transferring a switching movement from at least one drive. The support elements of the at least two switching units are mechanically interconnected by means of at least one coupling element.
The coupling element permits the mechanical connection of the at least two series-connected switching units. Mechanical adjustment of the synchronization or synchronous operation of the switching units is possible, specifically by the variation of the distance between the at least one drive and at least one switching unit, via elements in the kinematic chain, which are arranged on or in the coupling element and/or support element.
In comparison with electrical synchronization, this arrangement saves costs, reduces complexity and saves time. The coupling element additionally delivers a mechanical stabilization of the support elements, wherein these are mutually braced by means of the at least one support element. A high degree of mechanical stability is required, specifically in the event of an earthquake hazard and/or other climatic influences, such as e.g. storms.
Each switching unit can comprise at least two interrupter units in the form of a power switch, specifically having electrical resistance and/or capacitor units. A quadruple interrupter system can thus be simply produced by the employment of two switching units, each arranged on a support element, each comprising two interrupter units and, specifically, further electrical units, including e.g. resistance and/or capacitor units. The two support elements are mechanically connected by means of the coupling element, and the switching units associated with the support elements can be synchronized, for switching purposes, using the coupling element. Thus, specifically by the use of four power switches, resistance and/or capacitor units, wherein the power switches are series-connected, a high voltage can be switched in a simple and cost-effective manner.
The at least one coupling element can comprise at least one support, specifically a transverse support, which interconnects the support elements of the at least two switching units. A
transverse support, by means of its orientation, can offset differences in height, e.g. between the support elements of the switching units, in a simple and cost-effective manner, such that the distance between the at least one drive and the switching units or interrupter units is equal, thus ensuring the achievement of a specified minimum synchronism.
The support elements of the at least two switching units can be arranged perpendicularly to a foundation, specifically in a mutually parallel arrangement, with the switching units respectively arranged on the support elements, at one end of said support elements, on the side thereof which is averted from the foundation. In a lower region of the support elements, the at least one coupling element can be arranged, specifically parallel to the foundation. This arrangement is mechanically stable, as a result of the reinforcement provided by the coupling element. As described above, by the configuration of the coupling element in a parallel arrangement to the foundation, differences in height, e.g. between the support elements of the switching units, can be offset.
The drive of the at least two switching units can be configured as a common drive, which is specifically arranged on at least one coupling element. The drive can be arranged centrally between the at least two switching units and/or the center lines of the support elements. By means of this central arrangement between the two switching units on the coupling element, the distance between the drive and the switching units is equal, i.e. good mechanical synchronization of the switching of the two switching units is possible. The arrangement can be configured with mirror symmetry, with an axis of reflection oriented perpendicularly through the central drive. Identical elements of the kinematic chain on both switching units permit a high degree of synchronism, i.e. the simultaneous switching of the switching units with a low maximum difference in the switching instant. The drive can be e.g. a stored-energy spring drive, specifically having closing and opening springs.
Accordingly, using simple means, a cost-effective switching system can be achieved, having a high degree of synchronism.
The at least two switching units can be arranged one after another along a common longitudinal axis, wherein specifically at least four interrupter units are arranged one after another along the common longitudinal axis, and are specifically electrically connected in series. Specifically, the longitudinal axis can essentially be parallel to the foundation. The support element of a respective switching unit can be arranged centrally to the switching unit, specifically with an equal number of interrupter units to either side of the support element of the respective switching unit. By means of the design of the arrangement according to the invention thus described, two T-shaped switching units with respective support elements are constituted, wherein the switching units are arranged along one axis, thus permitting the simple interconnection thereof in series.
Height differences in the foundation can be compensated e.g. by means of support elements of different lengths, and synchronism can be ensured by the arrangement of the coupling element e.g.
at right angles to the support elements. Alternatively, the support elements can be of equal length, whereby a high degree of synchronism is achieved by the arrangement of the coupling element parallel to the plane of the foundation. The coupling element mechanically stabilizes the support elements, and permits the arrangement of a specifically centrally-arranged drive with an equal distance to the two switching units.
Alternatively, a plurality of drives, e.g. two, can be employed, which are secured to the coupling element such that an equal distance of the drives to the two switching units, via elements of the kinematic chain, is provided. Differences in the elements of the kinematic chains of both drives can also be compensated by an offset in the drives to achieve an arrangement wherein an equal distance to the drives of both switching units is provided. Synchronism can be achieved by the displacement of one drive, or by the mutual displacement of both drives along the coupling element. Synchronism can also be achieved by the tilting of the coupling element in relation to the support elements, as a result of which differences in the travel of the kinematic chain can be compensated.
The system can be a quadruple interrupter system, in the form of a power switch, having four series-connected interrupter units, specifically arranged along a common longitudinal axis, wherein two interrupter units are respectively arranged on a support element, and the support elements, by means of at least one coupling element wherein, specifically, the longitudinal axis of the coupling element is essentially arranged parallel to the common longitudinal axis of the interrupter units, are mechanically interconnected, in the manner of a web.
Specifically, a common drive of the interrupter units can be arranged on the coupling element, e.g. centrally on the coupling element. The design thus described permits the switching of high voltages, specifically up to 1,200 V, e.g.
using standard power switches for lower voltages, with lower costs and with a high degree of synchronism. Synchronism is achieved mechanically by means of the employment of the coupling element, e.g. by the variation of the position of the drive on the coupling element, and thus of the distance, via elements of the kinematic chain, between the drive and the interrupter units.
Elements of the kinematic chain can be incorporated in the system according to the invention, for the transmission of the switching movement of the at least one drive to the interrupter units of the at least two switching units. The elements of the kinematic chain can be arranged on or in the coupling element and/or on or in the support elements, and the movement generated by the drive can be transmitted to the interrupter units as a switching movement. By varying the position and/or the shape of the coupling element relative to the support elements and/or to the drive, the displacement or the length of displacement executed via elements of the kinematic chain on or in the support elements and/or on or in the coupling element is commonly determined and/or set, by means of which greater synchronism in the switching movement and in the switching instant can be achieved.
The support elements of the at least two switching units can comprise insulators, specifically insulators of silicon, composite material and/or ceramic construction. The support elements of the at least two switching units can comprise metal supports, specifically of aluminum and/or steel construction.
The support elements can be constituted of insulator elements and/or metal support elements, e.g. a support element can be of a column-shaped design, with an upper region comprised of an insulating material, specifically a ribbed cylindrical insulator, and a lower region comprised of a metal support, specifically a cylindrical and/or T-shaped metal support. The metal support can also be configured as a metal frame, and/or e.g. the insulators, as support elements, can specifically be configured as insulator columns, arranged perpendicularly on the metal frame. The switching units can be arranged on the insulator columns, and elements of the kinematic chain can be moveably arranged on or in the coupling element, the insulator columns and/or the metal frame. A drive can be arranged on the coupling element, wherein the coupling element can form part of the metal frame.
An electrically-insulating fluid can be incorporated, specifically a liquid and/or a gas, specifically SF6, nitrogen, dry air, carbon dioxide, a fluoroketone and/or a fluoronitrile.
The at least one insulator and/or the interrupter units can be filled with the electrically-insulating fluid, specifically a liquid and/or a gas, specifically SF6, nitrogen, dry air, carbon dioxide, a fluoroketone and/or a fluoronitrile.
The distance via the elements of the kinematic chain from the drive to the at least two, and specifically to all the interrupter units can be equal, specifically with a respectively equal number of elements and identically-configured elements in the kinematic chain from the drive to each interrupter unit, specifically with a common drive for all the interrupter units arranged centrally between the at least two switching units and arranged on the coupling element.
Accordingly, by simple means, a high degree of synchronism is mechanically achievable in a cost-effective manner.
Support elements, as described above, can be of different lengths, specifically for the compensation of variations in the height of the foundation, and/or the at least one coupling element can be arranged on the support elements such that the distance from the drive to the switching units, via elements of the kinematic chain, is of equal length, specifically, in the event of differences in the height of the foundation, with distances of equal length from the switching units to the fixing points of the at least one coupling element on the switching units. Accordingly, again by simple means, a high degree of synchronism is mechanically achievable in a cost-effective manner. By means of the position of the coupling element and the drive relative to the switching units, synchronism can be achieved, and can easily be re-adjusted. The employment of a common drive for the at least two, specifically for all the switching units is possible, thereby reducing both costs and complexity.
A method according to the invention for switching the above-mentioned system is provided wherein, upon the tripping of a switching process, kinetic energy is delivered by exactly one drive, specifically a stored-energy spring drive, and the kinetic energy is transmitted via elements of the kinematic chain to at least two switching units, specifically to four interrupter units, specifically in the manner of a power switch. The two switching units and/or four interrupter units are electrically connected in series, and each switching unit is mounted on a support element. The at least two support elements are connected by means of a common coupling element, and kinetic energy is transmitted via elements of the kinematic chain, arranged in or on the support elements and/or the coupling element.
In a closing process, synchronism on all the interrupter units can be achieved within one sixth of an oscillation cycle of an oscillating voltage applied to the system, specifically in the case of a periodically recurring oscillation, specifically a sinusoidal oscillation, at a frequency of 50 or 60 Hz.
In an opening process, synchronism on all the interrupter units can be achieved within one eighth of an oscillation cycle of an oscillating voltage applied to the system, specifically in the case of a periodically recurring oscillation, specifically a sinusoidal oscillation, at a frequency of 50 or 60 Hz.
The advantages of the method according to the invention for switching an above-mentioned system, according to claim 13, are analogous to the above-mentioned advantages of the system for switching high voltages, according to claim 1, and vice versa.
Systems for switching high voltages according to the prior art and an exemplary embodiment of the invention are schematically represented in figures 1 and 2, and are described in greater detail hereinafter.
In the figures:
Figure 1 shows a schematic side view of a quadruple interrupter system 1 for the switching of high voltages according to the prior art, with two separate and electrically synchronized drives 8, and Figure 2 shows a schematic side view of a quadruple interrupter system 1 according to the invention for the switching of high voltages, with a common drive 8 arranged on a coupling element 10.
Figure 1 represents a schematic side view of a quadruple interrupter system 1 for the switching of high voltages, according to the prior art. The system 1 has a switching path, which comprises two series-connected switching units 2, 3, each having two series-connected interrupter units 6. The switching units 2, 3, with the interrupter units 6, are respectively configured in the form of an interrupter head, which is respectively arranged on a support element 4, 5. The two interrupter units 6 of a switching unit 2, 3 are spatially arranged one after the other, on their longitudinal axis, along a common axis 12, and are interconnected by means of a coupling flange 14. In the region of the coupling flange 14, or above the coupling flange 14, the interrupter units 6 are secured to the respective support element 4, 5 of the switching unit 3, 4.
The two support elements 4, 5 of the two switching units 2, 3 are respectively configured in the form of a column. In the exemplary embodiment shown in figure 1, the column is constituted of various regions, e.g. of an insulator, which is secured to the respective coupling flange 14 of the switching unit 2, 3, and is arranged on a metal support. The metal support is arranged in the lower region 11 of the column or the support element 4, 5, and is configured e.g. in the shape of a column and/or in a T-shape. The support elements 4, 5 are arranged e.g. on a foundation and are specifically secured to the latter, e.g. by means of bolts or by embedding in concrete.
Specifically, the support elements 4, 5 are essentially perpendicular to the plane of the foundation.
The support elements 4, 5, in combination with the associated switching unit 2, 3, respectively constitute a T-shape wherein, to the right and left of the support element 4, 5 an interrupter unit 6 of the respective interrupter head 2, 3 is arranged. In the exemplary embodiment according to figure 1, the foundation is flat and horizontal, wherein the support elements 4, 5 are of equal height. The interrupter units 6 of the two switching units 2, 3 are arranged one behind another, with their respective longitudinal axis arranged on a common longitudinal axis 12, and electrically interconnected in series. At the start and end of the series circuit, i.e. at the start and end of the four interrupter units 6 arranged one behind another, the system 1 comprises electric terminals 9, which electrically connect the system e.g. to the power grids, the current generators and/or the current consumers which are to be switched.
On each support element 4, 5, a drive 8 is arranged, and is specifically secured to the support element 4, 5 in the lower region 11. The drive 8 is configured e.g. in the form of a stored-energy spring drive, having a closing spring and an opening spring, and/or in the form of an electric motor. Upon switching, the drive 8 delivers the kinetic energy which is required for the movement of the moveable contact pieces of the interrupter units 6. Elements of a kinematic chain 7, e.g. in the form of shafts, rods and/or gearing elements, are arranged on or in the support element 4, 5 for the transmission of kinetic energy from the drive 8 to the moveable contact pieces of the interrupter units 6, i.e. for the transmission of the switching movement upon switching. In the figures, the elements of the kinematic chain 7 are represented schematically by broken lines.
The two drives 8 of the two switching units 2, 3 are electrically interconnected and electrically synchronized, in order to permit the achievement of the synchronism of the interrupter units 6 of the two switching units 2, 3 during switching. Deviations or tolerances in manufacturing or installation can result in different travel times for the movement of the two switching units 2, 3, and their respective support elements 4, 5, executed via the two kinematic chains 7.
For a closing operation, standards require the synchronism of all interrupter units 6 with a deviation in the switching instants of said interrupter units 6 which lies within one sixth of an oscillation cycle of the oscillating voltage applied to the system 1. In an opening process, standards require synchronism, whereby all the interrupter units 6 are switched with a deviation in the switching instants of said interrupter units 6 which lies within one eighth of an oscillation cycle of the oscillating voltage applied to the system 1.
Specifically in the case of a periodically recurring oscillation, e.g. a sinusoidal oscillation at a frequency of 50 or 60 Hz, the maximum permissible deviation in the switching instants of the interrupter units 6, i.e. the time to synchronism, lies within the range of milliseconds. Electrical synchronization of the two drives 8, which incorporates differences in the kinematic chains 7, e.g. on the grounds of manufacturing tolerances, thereby requiring the achievement of synchronism, is both complex and expensive. For example, complex test series may be required for each system 1.
Figure 2 represents a schematic side view of a quadruple interrupter system 1 according to the invention for the switching of high currents. The system 1 is analogous to the system 1 according to figure 1, but with a coupling element 10 and a common drive 8 for all four interrupter units 6. The coupling element 10 is configured in the form of a web, wherein the respective ends thereof are specifically arranged on a respective support element 4, 5 of the two switching units 2, 3. Attachment of the coupling element 10 to the support elements 4, 5 can be executed e.g. by means of bolting, welding, adhesive bonding or other connection technologies. The common drive 8 is arranged centrally, i.e. at an equal distance from the two support elements 4 and 5, and is secured to the coupling element 10.
By the employment of one drive 8 for all four interrupter units 6, costs are saved in relation to the exemplary embodiment according to figure 1, which incorporates two drives 8. Any electrical synchronization of a plurality of drives 8 can be omitted by the employment of a single drive 8 only, with a resulting saving in time, complexity and costs. Synchronization of the switching instants of the interrupter units 6 is executed mechanically by means of elements of the kinematic chain 7 and/or by the arrangement of the drive 8 on the coupling element 10, and/or of the coupling element 10 on the support elements 4, 5. Differences in the kinematic chains 7 of the first and second switching units 2, 3 can be compensated by varying the position of the drive 8 on the coupling element and/or of the coupling element 10 relative to the respective switching unit 2,3, whereby the distance of the drive 8 from the two switching units 2, 3, via elements of the kinematic chain 7, is defined.
The coupling element 10, as represented in figure 2, can thus be configured in a parallel arrangement to the foundation or, in the event of differences between elements of the kinematic chain 7 of the first switching unit 2 and elements of the kinematic chain 7 of the second switching unit 3, differences can be compensated by a tilted arrangement of the coupling unit 10, i.e. in a non-parallel arrangement to the base surface.
Differences in the height of the foundation and/or differences in the length of the support elements 4, 5 can likewise be compensated by the arrangement of the coupling element 10 on the support elements 4, 5. Thus, e.g., the coupling element 10 can be arranged on the support elements 4, 5 such that transmission paths of the same length are executed via the kinematic chain 7 of the drive 8 to the first and second switching units 2, 3.
The exemplary embodiments described above can be mutually combined and/or can be combined with the prior art. Although not represented in the figures, in the interests of simplicity, e.g. the switching units 2, 3, specifically each interrupter unit 6, can comprise electrical resistors, capacitors and/or shielding. Elongated resistors and/or capacitors can be configured in a spatially parallel arrangement to the interrupter units 6 which, e.g., are configured in the form of a power switch. The coupling element 10 can be of one-piece construction, e.g. of steel or aluminum, and/or can be configured as a T-support, with elements of the kinematic chain 7 arranged on the support, or can be configured as a hollow body, e.g. of quadratic or circular cross-section, with elements of the kinematic chain 7 arranged in the support. By the connection of the support elements 4, 5 via the coupling element 10, mechanical stabilization of the system 1 can be achieved which, in the event of e.g. environmental influences such as wind or earthquake, produces a higher degree of reliability in the system 1.
The system 1 can comprise more than two switching units 2, 3, each with a support element 10, such that at least two support elements 10 are provided, and specifically all the support elements 10 are connected via the coupling element 10. A
plurality of support elements 10 can also be provided. A
switching unit 2, 3 can comprise one, two or more interrupter units 10. Thus, per switching unit 2, 3, as represented in the figures, two interrupter units can be configured in a mutually linear arrangement, or e.g. three interrupter units can be provided per switching unit 2, 3 in a Y-shaped configuration.
, .
, List of reference numbers 1 System for switching high voltages
2 First switching unit
3 Second switching unit
4 Support element of first switching unit Support element of second switching unit 6 Interrupter unit 7 Elements of the kinematic chain 8 Drive 9 Electric terminals Coupling element 11 Lower region of support elements 12 Common longitudinal axis of interrupter units 13 Longitudinal axis of coupling elements 14 Coupling flange
Claims (15)
1. A system (1) for switching high voltages with a switching path which comprises at least two series-connected switching units (2, 3), wherein each switching unit (2, 3) comprises at least one support element (4, 5) and elements of a kinematic chain (7) for transferring a switching movement from at least one drive (8), characterized in that the support elements (4, 5) of the at least two switching units (2, 3) are mechanically interconnected by means of at least one coupling element (10).
2. The system (1) as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that each switching unit (2, 3) comprises at least two interrupter units (6) in the form of a power switch, specifically having electrical resistance and/or capacitor units.
3. The system (1) as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one coupling element (10) comprises at least one support, specifically a transverse support, which interconnects the support elements (4, 5) of the at least two switching units (2, 3).
4. The system (1) as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the support elements (4, 5) of the at least two switching units (2, 3) are arranged perpendicularly to a foundation, specifically in a mutually parallel arrangement, with the switching units (2, 3) respectively arranged on the support elements (4, 5), at one end of said support elements (4, 5), on the side thereof which is averted from the foundation, and/or in that, in a lower region (11) of the support elements (4, 5), the at least one coupling element (10) is arranged, specifically parallel to the foundation.
5. The system (1) as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the drive (8) of the at least two switching units (2, 3) is configured as a common drive (8), which is specifically arranged on at least one coupling element (10), and/or is arranged centrally between the at least two switching units (2, 3) and/or the center lines of the support elements (4, 5) and/or in that the drive (8) is a stored-energy spring drive.
6. The system (1) as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least two switching units (2, 3) are arranged one after another along a common longitudinal axis (12), wherein specifically at least four interrupter units (6) are arranged one after another along the common longitudinal axis (12), and are specifically electrically connected in series, wherein, specifically, the longitudinal axis (12) is essentially parallel to the foundation, and/or in that the support element (4, 5) of a respective switching unit (2, 3) is arranged centrally to the switching unit (2, 3), specifically with an equal number of interrupter units (6) to either side of the support element (4, 5) of the respective switching unit (2, 3).
7. The system (1) as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the system (1) is a quadruple interrupter system, in the form of a power switch, having four series-connected interrupter units (6), specifically arranged along a common longitudinal axis (12), wherein two interrupter units (6) are respectively arranged on a support element (4, 5), and the support elements (4, 5), by means of at least one coupling element (10) wherein, specifically, the longitudinal axis (13) of the coupling element (10) is essentially arranged parallel to the common longitudinal axis (12) of the interrupter units (6), are mechanically interconnected, in the manner of a web, and/or, specifically, a common drive (8) of the interrupter units (6) is arranged on the coupling element (10), specifically centrally on the coupling element (10).
8. The system (1) as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that elements of the kinematic chain (7) are incorporated for the transmission of the switching movement of the at least one drive (8) to the interrupter units (6) of the at least two switching units (2, 3), specifically via elements of the kinematic chain (7) arranged on or in the coupling element (10) and/or via elements of the kinematic chain (7) arranged on or in the support elements (4, 5).
9. The system (1) as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the support elements (4, 5) of the at least two switching units (2, 3) comprise insulators, specifically insulators of silicon, composite material and/or ceramic construction, and/or in that the support elements (4, 5) of the at least two switching units (2, 3) comprise metal supports, specifically of aluminum and/or steel construction, and/or in that the support elements (4, 5) are comprised of insulator elements and/or metal support elements.
10. The system (1) as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an electrically-insulating fluid is incorporated, specifically a liquid and/or a gas, specifically SF6, nitrogen, dry air, carbon dioxide, a fluoroketone and/or a fluoronitrile, and/or in that the at least one insulator (10) and/or the interrupter units (6) are filled with the electrically-insulating fluid, specifically a liquid and/or a gas, specifically SF6, nitrogen, dry air, carbon dioxide, a fluoroketone and/or a fluoronitrile.
11. The system (1) as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the distance via the elements of the kinematic chain (8) from the drive (8) to the at least two, and specifically to all the interrupter units (6) is equal, specifically with a respectively equal number of identically-configured elements in the kinematic chain (8) from the drive (8) to each interrupter unit (6), specifically with a common drive (8) for all the interrupter units (6) arranged centrally between the at least two switching units (2, 3) and arranged on the coupling element (10).
12. The system (1) as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the support elements (4, 5) are of different lengths, specifically for the compensation of variations in the height of the foundation, and/or the at least one coupling element (10) is arranged on the support elements (4, 5) such that the distance from the drive (8) to the switching units (2, 3), via elements of the kinematic chain (7), is of equal length, specifically, in the event of differences in the height of the foundation, with distances of equal length from the switching units (2, 3) to the fixing points of the at least one coupling element (10) on the switching units (2, 3).
13. A method for switching a system (1) as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, upon the tripping of a switching process, kinetic energy is delivered by exactly one drive (8), specifically a stored-energy spring drive, and the kinetic energy is transmitted via elements of the kinematic chain (7) to at least two switching units (2, 3), specifically to four interrupter units (6), specifically in the manner of a power switch, and wherein the two switching units (2, 3) and/or four interrupter units (6) are electrically connected in series, and each switching unit (2, 3) is mounted on a support element (4, 5), and wherein the at least two support elements (4, 5) are connected by means of a common coupling element (10), and kinetic energy is transmitted via elements of the kinematic chain (7), arranged in or on the support elements (4, 5) and/or the coupling element (10).
14. The method as claimed in claim 13, characterized in that, in a closing process, synchronism on all the interrupter units (6) is achieved within one sixth of an oscillation cycle of an oscillating voltage applied to the system (1), specifically in the case of a periodically recurring oscillation, specifically a sinusoidal oscillation, at a frequency of 50 or 60 Hz.
15. The method as claimed in one of claims 13 or 14, characterized in that, in an opening process, synchronism on all the interrupter units (6) is achieved within one eighth of an oscillation cycle of an oscillating voltage applied to the system (1), specifically in the case of a periodically recurring oscillation, specifically a sinusoidal oscillation, at a frequency of 50 or 60 Hz.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102016218683.3A DE102016218683B4 (en) | 2016-09-28 | 2016-09-28 | Arrangement and method for switching high voltages |
| DE102016218683.3 | 2016-09-28 | ||
| PCT/EP2017/072191 WO2018059884A1 (en) | 2016-09-28 | 2017-09-05 | System and method for switching high voltages |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA3036421A1 true CA3036421A1 (en) | 2018-04-05 |
| CA3036421C CA3036421C (en) | 2021-07-06 |
Family
ID=59829352
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA3036421A Active CA3036421C (en) | 2016-09-28 | 2017-09-05 | System and method for switching high voltages |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP3494589B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN109791857B (en) |
| CA (1) | CA3036421C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE102016218683B4 (en) |
| RU (1) | RU2713928C1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2018059884A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102018214806A1 (en) | 2018-08-31 | 2020-03-05 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | High or medium voltage switchgear |
| CN111463062B (en) * | 2020-04-27 | 2022-06-14 | 郑州大学 | Environment-friendly tank type multi-fracture vacuum circuit breaker |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB862759A (en) * | 1958-10-08 | 1961-03-15 | English Electric Co Ltd | Improvements in and relating to electric circuit breakers |
| DE1211703B (en) * | 1964-02-27 | 1966-03-03 | Siemens Ag | Electric circuit breaker |
| GB1095741A (en) * | 1965-04-22 | 1967-12-20 | Ass Elect Ind | Improved electric circuit breaker |
| SU1422256A1 (en) * | 1986-03-20 | 1988-09-07 | А.Я.Зотов | High-voltage circuit-breaker |
| IT1298973B1 (en) * | 1998-03-30 | 2000-02-07 | Abb Adda S P A | MAST FOR HIGH VOLTAGE ELECTRIC LINES |
| RU48100U1 (en) * | 2004-12-14 | 2005-09-10 | Открытое Акционерное Общество "ВЭЛАН" | EXPLOSION-PROTECTED SWITCH (OPTIONS) |
| DE102005050694A1 (en) * | 2005-10-18 | 2007-04-19 | Siemens Ag | Electrical switching device arrangement |
| RU98629U1 (en) * | 2010-05-21 | 2010-10-20 | Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Всероссийский Электротехнический институт им. В.И. Ленина" (ФГУП ВЭИ) | CONTROLLED SWITCH DEVICE |
| EP2469561B1 (en) * | 2010-12-23 | 2017-04-05 | ABB Schweiz AG | Vacuum interrupter arrangement for a circuit breaker |
| DE102015216172A1 (en) * | 2015-08-25 | 2017-03-02 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Device and method for electrical switching with a magnetic motion damper |
-
2016
- 2016-09-28 DE DE102016218683.3A patent/DE102016218683B4/en not_active Withdrawn - After Issue
-
2017
- 2017-09-05 EP EP17764543.9A patent/EP3494589B1/en active Active
- 2017-09-05 RU RU2019108834A patent/RU2713928C1/en active
- 2017-09-05 CN CN201780059345.6A patent/CN109791857B/en active Active
- 2017-09-05 CA CA3036421A patent/CA3036421C/en active Active
- 2017-09-05 WO PCT/EP2017/072191 patent/WO2018059884A1/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA3036421C (en) | 2021-07-06 |
| CN109791857B (en) | 2021-01-12 |
| WO2018059884A1 (en) | 2018-04-05 |
| DE102016218683A1 (en) | 2018-03-29 |
| CN109791857A (en) | 2019-05-21 |
| BR112019005207A2 (en) | 2019-06-11 |
| EP3494589A1 (en) | 2019-06-12 |
| EP3494589B1 (en) | 2022-05-04 |
| RU2713928C1 (en) | 2020-02-11 |
| DE102016218683B4 (en) | 2018-04-05 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| RU2344529C2 (en) | Gas-insulated switchgear with closed cubicles | |
| KR20140009389A (en) | Tap changer and vacuum interrupter for such a tap changer | |
| EP1548778B1 (en) | Vacuum switchgear system | |
| CA3036421C (en) | System and method for switching high voltages | |
| US20100059479A1 (en) | Power Switch, Especially High Current Switch | |
| EP0948011A2 (en) | Switch assembly for high-voltage electric power lines | |
| CN111108574B (en) | Outdoor switching device and method for switching high voltages of multiple phases | |
| EP1269591B1 (en) | Module for high- and medium-voltage electric station | |
| US11145471B2 (en) | Arrangement and method for driving a movable contact of a vacuum interrupter in a high-voltage circuit breaker | |
| US11232920B2 (en) | Arrangement and method for switching high voltages having a switching device and precisely one resistor stack | |
| BR112019005207B1 (en) | SYSTEM FOR SWITCHING HIGH VOLTAGES, AND, METHOD FOR SWITCHING A SYSTEM | |
| WO2000052799A1 (en) | Electric substation | |
| RU2287200C1 (en) | High-voltage load circuit breaker | |
| CN110537236B (en) | Device and method for switching high currents in parallel in high-voltage technology | |
| CN111095461A (en) | High-voltage circuit breaker for electrodes and use of a high-voltage circuit breaker | |
| WO2009038499A1 (en) | High-voltage vacuum load-breaking switch | |
| CN219497628U (en) | Vacuum circuit breaker with isolating switch and horizontal arrangement | |
| CN111164718B (en) | Module group for constructing power switch | |
| EP1101262B1 (en) | Electric substation | |
| RU70409U1 (en) | HIGH VOLTAGE LOAD CIRCUIT BREAKER | |
| RU2609567C1 (en) | High-voltage circuit breaker | |
| EP3312864B1 (en) | Multifunctional switch module for high voltage compact switchgear | |
| CN115210837A (en) | Switching device for medium voltage | |
| CN116978728A (en) | Device and method for switching high currents in high-voltage technology | |
| US8993908B2 (en) | Moving contact-carrying carriage and electrical cut-off device equipped with such carriage |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request |
Effective date: 20190311 |