CA2958441C - Fire starter - Google Patents

Abstract

A fire starter includes a casing made from a first material a first material having a first time associated therewith that defines a length of time that the casing burns after being ignited. A second material disposed in the casing has a second time associated therewith that defines a length of time that the second material burns after being ignited. An igniter, disposed in the casing and adjacent to the second material, generates a first thermal event to ignite the second material wherein the second material combusts to define a second thermal event that ignites the first material. An actuator is coupled to the igniter and is positioned outside of the casing for activating the igniter to generate the first thermal event.

Description

FIRE STARTER
[0001]
Field of the Invention

[0002] The invention relates generally to fire starting apparatus, and more particularly to a self-contained fire starter.
Background of the Invention

[0003] Traditional methods of starting a fire in an outdoor environment can be time-consuming and unreliable. Typically, one starts a fire by placing dry kindling wood and paper below a stack of logs or charcoal. The paper is ignited and, if all goes well, the stack of logs eventually ignites. However, the success of traditional methods depends on a number of factors, including weather conditions, the amount and condition of combustible materials used, and the experience of the user.
Consequently, alternative methods of starting fires have been proposed which are relatively unaffected by weather conditions, do not require the use of paper or kindling wood, and require little or no skill to use.

[0004] Alternative fire starting methods generally involve the use of either liquid-fuel or solid-fuel fire starters. Liquid-fuel fire starters have the disadvantage of being highly flammable and are subject to flashbacks, making them more dangerous to store and use than solid fuels. Solid-fuel fire starters are commonly blocks of paraffin wax mixed with a cellulose material such as sawdust or woodchips. The blocks are placed on a support located below a stack of wood, charcoal, etc., and are ignited using a manually-held flame source such as a match or lighter thereby requiring the user to have at least his hand in proximity to the fire area.
Solid-fuel fire starters can also be wrapped in a flammable bag that the user lights to, in turn, light the solid fuel. However, all solid-fuel fire starters are subject to a user's ability to hold a match or lighter up to the fire starter long enough to allow the flammable bag and/or the solid fuel to combust. This requirement can present significant challenges when in a windy outdoor environment.
Summary of the Invention

[0005] Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a fire starter.

[0006] Another object of the present invention is to provide a fire starter that is safe to use.

[0007] Still another object of the present invention is to provide a fire starter for use in outdoor environments.

[0008] Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a fire starter that requires no externally-applied flame for activation.

[0009] A still further object of the present invention is to provide a fire starter that is fully self-contained. =

[0010] Other objects and advantages of the present invention will become more obvious hereinafter in the specification and drawings.

[0011] In accordance with the present invention, a fire starter includes a casing made from a first material having a first time associated therewith that defines a length of time that the casing burns after being ignited. A second material disposed in the casing has a second time associated therewith that defines a length of time that the second material burns after being ignited. The second time is less than the first time.
An igniter, disposed in the casing and adjacent to the second material, generates a first thermal event to ignite the second material wherein the second material combusts to define a second thermal event that ignites the first material. An actuator is coupled to the igniter and is positioned outside of the casing for activating the igniter to generate the first thermal event.
Brief Description of the Drawinps

[0012] Other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent upon reference to the following description of the preferred embodiments and to the drawings, wherein corresponding reference characters indicate corresponding parts throughout the several views of the drawings and wherein:

[0013] FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a fire starter in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0014] FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a fire starter with a paper overwrap in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention;

[0015] FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a fire starter with an anchoring loop in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention;

[0016] FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a fire starter having a pull string activator and anchoring loop in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0017] FIG. 5 is a side view of the fire starter depicted in FIG. 4;

[0018] FIG. 6 is a plan view of the lower half of the FIG. 4 fire starter's casing illustrating the components disposed therein in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; and

[0019] FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a fire starter with a paper overwrap in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description of the Invention

[0020] Referring now to the drawings and more particularly to FIG. 1, a fully self-contained fire starter in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention is shown and is referenced generally by numeral 10. Fire starter 10, as well as all other embodiments of the present invention described and/or illustrated herein, is self-contained in that no external source of thermal energy is required to initiate combustion. Rather, the fire starter need only be placed in a fire starting location and activated by a simple and non-thermal manual activity to initiate combustion.
While the fire starter can be used in indoor and outdoor environments, a great advantage of the present invention is that the fire starter will work even in very windy, outdoor environments.

[0021] The fire starter of the present invention is a novel arrangement of elements that, when activated, produce a plurality of thermal events with the last thermal event being an enduring flame suitable for starting a fire in a stack of wood, charcoal, etc. In terms of fire starter 10, the elements include an outer casing 12, an igniter 14 disposed in casing 12, a combustible material 16 disposed in casing adjacent to igniter 14, and an actuator 18 coupled to igniter 14 and positioned outside of casing 12. While the overall size of fire starter 10 is not a limitation of the present invention, the entirety of fire starter 10 can generally be a hand-held structure.

[0022] Casing 12 is made from a combustible material that provides the fuel for the final thermal event (i.e., a fire-starting enduring flame) for an activated fire starter 10. In general, casing 12 is made from a solid material that, once ignited, will burn for a sufficient period of time to ignite surrounding wood, charcoal, etc. that is adjacent to a burning casing 12. A suitable material choice for casing 12 is a mixture of paraffin wax and a cellulose material such as sawdust, woodchips, etc.
The ratio of paraffin wax to cellulose material can be "one-to-one" or "greater-than-one to one" without departing from the scope of the present invention. In general, flame height will increase but the flame's life span will decrease with increasing amounts of paraffin wax. Accordingly, the ratio of paraffin wax to cellulose material can be tailored to suit a product's application. By way of example, a ratio of paraffin wax to cellulose material of approximately 1.5 to 1 provides a good balance between flame height and life span for most indoor and outdoor applications. For example, when casing 12 is constructed with this ratio and such that it can be hand-held, the burning life span of casing 12 can easily be in the range of approximately 20 minutes to approximately 60 minutes.

[0023] Casing 12 can be formed or constructed to define a well or an internal chamber in which igniter 14 and combustible material 16 are disposed. As will be explained further below, if casing 12 forms part of, or all of, a chamber that houses igniter 14 and combustible material 16, vent holes (not shown) can be provided to admit outside air to flow into the chamber. Casing 12 can be a unitary body or could be assembled arrangement of casing portions without departing from the scope of the present invention.

[0024] Combustible material 16 is the fuel for a thermal event that will trigger the combustion of casing 12. In general, the thermal event created when combustible material 16 combusts must last long enough to ignite casing 12 to combustion. To assure efficient combustion of combustible material 16 even in a low-level oxygen environment, an oxidizer can be included in combustible material 16. When casing 12 forms part of, or all of, an internal chamber housing combustible material 16, the inclusion of an oxidizer in combustible material 16 is particularly beneficial. The length of time that combustible material 16 must burn will generally be less than the burn time associated with casing 12. By way of example, when casing 12 is made from the above-described mixture of paraffin wax and cellulose material, combustible material 16 can be a mixture of materials capable of burning for a time in the range of approximately 50 seconds to approximately seconds. Such mixtures can be readily found in road flare technologies where such mixtures generally include the following materials noted with a range of weight percent:
Material Weight Percent Strontium nitrate 67-78%
Potassium nitrate 2-11%
Sulfur 6-15%
Polyvinyl chloride 1-10%
Paraffin oil 1-4%
Sawdust 0-2%
Note that potassium nitrate defines the oxidizer in these types of mixtures.

[0025] Igniter 14 is positioned adjacent to combustible material 16. In general, igniter 14 is capable of generating a thermal event that triggers the combustion of combustible material 16. That is, the thermal event produced by igniter 14 must last long enough to ignite combustible material 16. Depending on the material used for combustible material 16, the thermal event provided by igniter 14 (when activated) could be a spark, a small burn event (e.g., a burning fuse), a chemical reaction, etc. By way of example, when using the above-noted mixtures for combustible material 16, igniter 14 needs to provide a small burn event having a burn time in the range of approximately 4 second to approximately 5 seconds.

[0026] Actuator 18 is coupled to igniter 14 but is positioned outside of casing 12. In general, actuator 18 is a manually-operated element that activates igniter 14 such that igniter 14 produces the igniter's above-described thermal event. As mentioned above, the manual operation applied to actuator 18 does not include or require the application of any external source of thermal energy. Actuator 18 can be realized by a structure that is manually pulled or manually pushed where such action activates igniter 14.

[0027] Another embodiment of a fire starter in accordance with the present invention is illustrated in FIG. 2 and is referenced generally by numeral 20.
Fire starter 20 includes the elements of fire starter 10, and further includes an overwrapping of paper 22 that can improve the fire starter's performance in a windy environment, provide a base for the printing of use instructions, protect casing 12, etc. When paper overwrap 22 is used, it can be beneficial to provide vent holes 24 in casing 12 where each vent hole 24 provides a fluid (air) communication path between the air surrounding combustible material 16 and the air outside of casing 12. Paper overwrap 22 is selected such that, when combustible material 16 burns, paper overwrap 22 readily ignites thereby making air available at the external surfaces of casing 12 for passage through vent holes 24. For example, paper overwrap 22 can be made using standard 20 pound paper. The air available via vent holes 24 improves the combustion efficiency of combustible material 16.

[0028] Another embodiment of the present invention is illustrated in FIG.

and is referenced generally by numeral 30. Fire starter 30 includes the elements of fire starter 10 (and can include one or more of the additional features of fire starter 20), and further includes an anchoring line 32 extending from casing 12.
Anchoring line 32 can define a loop as shown that facilitates attachment of fire starter 30 to a piece of wood, log, etc., in a material stack (not shown) that is to be ignited by fire starter 30.

[0029] An exemplary embodiment of the present invention will be described with simultaneous reference to FIGs. 4-6 where the fire starter is referenced generally by numeral 40. Fire starter 40 includes a casing 42 made from identical top and bottom clam shell portions 42A and 42B, respectively. Casing 42 has the same material and combustion attributes as casing 12. Each clam shell portion and 42B includes a well region 44 (visible for portion 42B in FIG. 6) such that, when portions 42A and 42B are positioned against one another in a mirror-image fashion, the two well regions join to define a chamber 46 (visible in FIG. 5) in casing 42.
Channels 48A/48B are defined in portions 42A/42B such that a corresponding plurality of vent holes 48 are defined in casing 42 when portions 42A and 42B
are positioned against one another. Each vent hole 48 defines a fluid communication path between the outside of casing 42 and chamber 46.

[0030] Disposed in well region 44 (FIG. 6), that will become part of chamber 46 when casing portions 42A and 42B are positioned against one another, are a spark generator 50, a fuse 52 coupled to spark generator 50 and extending therefrom, and a combustible material 54 in contact with fuse 52. The combination of a spark generator 50 and fuse 52 have the same combustion attributes of previously-described igniter 14. Spark generator 50 can be a variety of mechanically-activated friction-type sparking devices such as, but not limited to, pull-type spark generators (also known as "poppers") and push-type spark generators used in conventional gas grills. Fuse 52 can be any conventional fuse or primer cord that combusts to define a short-term burn event (e.g., on the order of approximately 4-5 seconds) when exposed to a spark. Combustible material 54 has the same material and combustion attributes as previously-described combustion material 16.

[0031] Fire starter 40 also includes an actuator 56 coupled to spark generator 50. By way of an illustrative example, if spark generator 50 is a pull-type device, actuator 56 can be a line/string coupled to spark generator 50 and extended through casing 42 to be accessible on the outside of casing 42. An anchoring line 58 can be attached to spark generator 50 (or casing 42) and extended though casing 42 to be accessible as a loop on the outside of casing 42. Anchoring line 58 has the attributes and function of previously-described anchoring line 32. By attaching anchoring line 58 to spark generator 50, a pulling/activating force applied to actuator 56 does not get transferred to casing 42. By isolating casing 42 from the pulling/activating force, casing 42 is not subject to tensile stresses.
Isolating casing 42 from tensile stresses is important when casing 42 is made from a mixture of paraffin wax and cellulose material, i.e., a material that does not possess high tensile strength.

[0032] A further embodiment of the present invention is illustrated in FIG. 7 and is referenced generally by numeral 70. Fire starter 70 includes the elements of fire starter 40, and further includes an overwrapping of paper 72 to provide the same benefits of previously-described paper overwrap 22.

[0033] The advantages of the present invention are numerous. The fire starter does not require any externally-supplied source of thermal energy so that no matches, lighters, etc., are needed for its use. The fire starter is completely self-contained with its igniting thermal event devices being protected from wind thereby assuring its effectiveness in hostile outdoor environments. The fire starter's chain of thermal events for starting a fire is triggered by a single and simple mechanical action. At the same time, since the mechanical activation of the fire starter requires a purposeful event, the chance of its inadvertent ignition is greatly reduced or minimized.

[0034] Although the invention has been described relative to specific embodiments thereof, there are numerous variations and modifications that will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art in light of the above teachings.
It is therefore to be understood that, within the scope of the appended claims, the invention may be practiced other than as specifically described.

Claims (90)

Claims:

1. A fire starter, comprising:
a casing made from a first material having a first time associated therewith, said first time defining a length of time that said casing burns after being ignited;
a second material disposed in said casing, said second material having a second time associated therewith, said second time defining a length of time said second material burns after being ignited, said second time being less than said first time;
an igniter disposed in said casing adjacent said second material for generating a first thermal event to ignite said second material wherein said second material combusts to define a second thermal event to ignite said first material; and an actuator coupled to said igniter and positioned outside of said casing for activating said igniter to generate said first thermal event.

2. A fire starter as in claim 1, wherein said first material comprises a mixture of paraffin wax and pieces of a cellulose material.

3. A fire starter as in claim 1, wherein said second material includes an oxidizer.

4. A fire starter as in claim 1, wherein said igniter comprises:
a spark generator; and a fuse coupled to said spark generator and in contact with said second material.

5. A fire starter as in claim 1, wherein said actuator comprises one of a structure that is pulled and a structure that is pushed.

6. A fire starter as in claim 1, further comprising paper wrapped about a combination of said casing, said second material, and said igniter, wherein said actuator is positioned outside of said paper.

Date Recue/Date Received 2022-09-28

7. A fire starter as in claim 1, wherein said casing defines a chamber therein, and wherein said second material and said igniter are disposed in said chamber, said fire starter further comprising vent holes defining a fluid communication path between exterior regions of said casing and said chamber.

8. A fire starter as in claim 1, further comprising a flexible line coupled to at least one of said casing and said igniter, said flexible line extending from said casing to define a loop.

9. A fire starter, comprising:
a casing defining a chamber therein, said casing made from a first material having a first time associated therewith, said first time defining a length of time that said casing burns after being ignited;
vent holes defined in said casing and defining a fluid communication path between exterior regions of said casing and said chamber;
a second material to include an oxidizer disposed in said chamber, said second material having a second time associated therewith, said second time defining a length of time said second material burns after being ignited, said second time being less than said first time;
an igniter disposed in said casing adjacent said second material for generating a first thermal event to ignite said second material wherein said second material combusts to define a second thermal event to ignite said first material; and an actuator coupled to said igniter and positioned outside of said casing for activating said igniter to generate said first thermal event.

10. A fire starter as in claim 9, wherein said first material comprises a mixture of paraffin wax and pieces of a cellulose material.

11. A fire starter as in claim 9, wherein said igniter comprises:
a spark generator; and a fuse coupled to said spark generator and in contact with said second material.

12. A fire starter as in claim 9, wherein said actuator comprises one of a structure that is pulled and a structure that is pushed.

Date Recue/Date Received 2022-09-28

13. A fire starter as in claim 9, further comprising paper wrapped about a combination of said casing, said second material, and said igniter, wherein said actuator is positioned outside of said paper.

14. A fire starter as in claim 9, further comprising a flexible line coupled to at least one of said casing and said igniter, said flexible line extending from said casing to define a loop.

15. A fire starter as in claim 9, wherein said casing comprises at least two casing portions.

16. A fire starter, comprising:
a casing made from a first material that combusts when exposed to a flame;
a spark generator disposed in said casing for generating a spark when activated;
a fuse disposed in said casing, said fuse coupled to said spark generator and extending therefrom, said fuse combusting to define a burning fuse when exposed to said spark wherein said burning fuse burns for a time in a range of about 4 seconds to about 5 seconds;
a second material disposed in said casing and in contact with said fuse, said second material combusting to define said flame when said second material is exposed to said burning fuse, wherein said flame burns for a time in a range of about 50 seconds to about 95 seconds;
an actuator coupled to said spark generator and positioned outside of said casing for activating said spark generator; and a flexible line coupled to said spark generator, said flexible line extending from said casing to define a loop.

17. A fire starter as in claim 16, wherein said first material comprises a mixture of paraffin wax and pieces of a cellulose material.

18. A fire starter as in claim 16, wherein said second material includes an oxidizer.

19. A fire starter as in claim 16, wherein said actuator comprises one of a structure that is pulled and a structure that is pushed.

Date Recue/Date Received 2022-09-28

20. A fire starter as in claim 16, further comprising paper wrapped about a combination of said casing, said spark generator, said fuse, and said second material, wherein said actuator and said loop are positioned outside of said paper.

21. A fire starter as in claim 16, wherein said casing defines a chamber therein, and wherein said second material, said fuse, and said spark generator are disposed in said chamber, said fire starter further comprising vent holes defining a fluid communication path between exterior regions of said casing and said chamber.

22. A fire starter as in claim 16, wherein said actuator and said loop are disposed at opposing ends of said casing.

23. A fire starter as in claim 16, wherein said casing comprises a first casing portion defining a first well portion and a second casing portion defining a second well portion, the first well portion and the second well portion collectively defining the chamber, the first casing portion being substantially identically shaped to the second casing portion.

24. The fire starter of claim 16, wherein the at least the portion of the actuator is positioned outside of the casing on a first side of the casing, the anchor line is extended from a second side of the casing different from the first side.

25. The fire starter of claim 16, wherein the anchor line is directly coupled to the spark generator and not directly coupled to the casing.

26. The fire starter of claim 1, further comprising paper wrapped about the casing overlying a vent hole defined by the casing, the paper being wrapped about the casing during activation of the actuator.

27. The fire starter of claim 9, wherein the casing includes at least two casing portions, a first casing portion from the at least two casing portions defining a first channel in a surface thereof, a second casing portion from the at least two casing portions defining a second channel in a surface thereof, the first channel and the second channel collectively defining a vent hole from the plurality of vent holes.
Date Recue/Date Received 2022-09-28

28. A fire starter, comprising:
a casing defining an interior chamber and being made from a first material, the first material burning for a length of time after being ignited;
a second material disposed in the interior chamber of the casing, the second material burning for a length of time after being ignited, the length of time associated with the second material being less than the length of time associated with the first material;
an igniter disposed in the interior chamber of the casing and configured to generate a first thermal event to ignite the second material, the second material combusts during the first thermal event to define a second thermal event to ignite the first material;
and an actuator coupled to the igniter and having at least a portion positioned outside of the interior chamber of the casing, the actuator configured to activate the igniter to generate the first thermal event.

29. A fire starter as in claim 28, wherein the first material includes a mixture of paraffin wax and pieces of a cellulose material.

30. A fire starter as in claim 28, wherein the second material includes an oxidizer.

31. A fire starter as in claim 28, wherein the igniter includes:
a spark generator; and a fuse coupled to the spark generator and in contact with the second material.

32. A fire starter as in claim 28, wherein the actuator includes one of a structure that is pulled or a structure that is pushed.

33. A fire starter as in claim 28, further comprising:
paper wrapped about a combination of the casing, the second material, and the igniter, the portion of the actuator being positioned outside of the paper.

34. A fire starter as in claim 28, wherein the casing defines vent holes that provide a fluid communication path between exterior regions of the casing and the interior chamber.

Date Recue/Date Received 2022-09-28

35. A fire starter as in claim 28, further comprising:
a flexible line coupled to at least one of the casing or the igniter, a portion of the flexible line being disposed outside of the casing and defining a loop.

36. A fire starter, comprising:
a casing defining an interior chamber, the casing being made from a first material, the first material burning for a length of time after being ignited, the casing defining vent holes that provide a fluid communication path between exterior regions of the casing and the interior chamber;
a second material to include an oxidizer disposed in the interior chamber, the second material burning for a length of time after being ignited, the length of time associated with the second material being less than the length of time associated with the first material;
an igniter disposed in the interior chamber of the casing to generate a first thermal event to ignite the second material, the second material combusts during the first thermal event to define a second thermal event to ignite the first material; and an actuator coupled to the igniter and having at least a portion positioned outside of the casing to activate the igniter to generate the first thermal event.

37. A fire starter as in claim 36, wherein the first material includes a mixture of paraffin wax and pieces of a cellulose material.

38. A fire starter as in claim 36, wherein the igniter includes:
a spark generator; and a fuse coupled to the spark generator and in contact with the second material.

39. A fire starter as in claim 36, wherein the actuator includes one of a structure that is pulled or a structure that is pushed.

40. A fire starter as in claim 36, further comprising:
paper wrapped about a combination of the casing, the second material, and the igniter, the portion of the actuator being positioned outside of the paper.

Date Recue/Date Received 2022-09-28

41. A fire starter as in claim 36, further comprising a flexible line coupled to at least one of casing or the igniter, a portion of the flexible line being disposed outside of the casing and defining a loop.

42. A fire starter as in claim 36, wherein the casing includes at least two casing portions.

43. A fire starter, comprising:
a casing defining an interior chamber and being made from a first material that combusts when exposed to a flame;
a spark generator disposed in the interior chamber of the casing to generate a spark when activated;
a fuse disposed in the interior chamber of the casing, the fuse coupled to the spark generator and extending therefrom, the fuse combusting to define a burning fuse for a time in a range of about 4 seconds to about 5 seconds when exposed to the spark;
a second material disposed in the interior chamber of the casing and in contact with the fuse, the second material combusting to define the flame burning for a time up to about 95 seconds when the second material is exposed to the burning fuse;
an actuator coupled to the spark generator and having at least a portion positioned outside of the casing to activate the spark generator; and a flexible line coupled to the spark generator, the flexible line having a portion disposed outside the casing and defining a loop.

44. A fire starter as in claim 43, wherein the first material includes a mixture of paraffin wax and pieces of a cellulose material.

45. A fire starter as in claim 43, wherein the second material includes an oxidizer.

46. A fire starter as in claim 43, wherein the actuator includes one of a structure that is pulled or a structure that is pushed.

Date Recue/Date Received 2022-09-28

47. A fire starter as in claim 43, further comprising:
paper wrapped about a combination of the casing, the spark generator, the fuse, and the second material, the portion of the actuator and the loop being positioned outside of the paper.

48. A fire starter as in claim 43, wherein the casing defining vent holes that provide a fluid communication path between exterior regions of the casing and the interior chamber.

49. A fire starter as in claim 43, wherein the portion of the actuator and the loop are disposed at opposing ends of the casing.

50. A fire starter as in claim 43, wherein the casing includes at least two casing portions.

51. A fire starter, comprising:
a casing defining an interior chamber and having a first side portion and a second side portion opposite the first side portion, the casing being made from a first burnable material;
a second burnable material disposed in the interior chamber of the casing;
an igniter disposed in the interior chamber of the casing and configured to generate a first thermal event to ignite the second burnable material, the second burnable material combusts during the first thermal event to define a second thermal event to ignite the first burnable material;
an actuator coupled to the igniter and having at least a first portion extended through the first side portion of the casing such that a second portion of the actuator is positioned outside of the interior chamber of the casing, the actuator configured to activate the igniter to generate the first thermal event; and an anchor line coupled to at least one of the casing or the igniter, a first portion of the anchor line being extended through the second side portion of the casing such that a second portion of the anchor line is disposed outside of the casing.

52. The fire starter of claim 51, wherein the anchor line defines a loop sized and configured to be placed around a structure exterior to the casing to anchor the apparatus when the actuator is actuated.

Date Recue/Date Received 2022-09-28

53. The fire starter of claim 51, wherein the anchor line is flexible, the anchor line limits movement of the igniter in a first direction when the first portion of the actuator is moved in the first direction.

54. The fire starter of claim 51, wherein the igniter includes:
a spark generator; and a fuse coupled to the spark generator and in contact with the second burnable material.

55. The fire starter of claim 51, wherein the actuator includes a structure that is pulled.

56. The fire starter of claim 51, further comprising:
paper wrapped about a combination of the casing, the second burnable material, and the igniter, the second portion of the actuator being positioned outside of the paper, the second portion of the anchor line being positioned outside of the paper.

57. The fire starter of claim 51, wherein the casing defines vent holes that provide a fluid communication path between exterior regions of the casing and the interior chamber.

58. The fire starter of claim 51, wherein:
a third side portion of the casing defines a first vent hole, the third side portion of the casing being different from the first side portion of the casing and the second side portion of the casing, a fourth side portion of the casing defines a second vent hole, the second vent hole different from the first vent hole, the fourth side portion of the casing being different from the first side portion of the casing, the second side portion of the casing, and the third side portion of the casing, the first vent hole and the second vent hole provide fluid communication paths between exterior regions of the casing and the interior chamber.

59. The fire starter of claim 51, wherein the first burnable material includes a mixture of paraffin wax and pieces of a cellulose material.
Date Recue/Date Received 2022-09-28

60. The fire starter of claim 51, wherein the second burnable material includes an oxidizer.

61. An apparatus, comprising:
a casing defining an interior chamber and being made from a first material that combusts when exposed to a flame;
a spark generator disposed in the interior chamber of the casing to generate a spark when activated;
a fuse disposed in the interior chamber of the casing, the fuse coupled to the spark generator and extending therefrom, the fuse combusting to define a burning fuse for a time when exposed to the spark;
a second material disposed in the interior chamber of the casing and in contact with the fuse, the second material combusting, when the second material is exposed to the burning fuse, to define the flame;
an actuator coupled to the spark generator and having at least a portion that is positioned outside of the casing and that is configured to be pulled in a first direction to activate the spark generator; and an anchor line coupled to the spark generator, the anchor line having a portion disposed outside the casing, the anchor line configured to be coupled to a structure exterior to the apparatus such that the anchor line limits movement of the spark generator in the first direction when the portion of the actuator is pulled in the first direction to activate the spark generator.

62. The apparatus of claim 61, wherein the first material includes a mixture of paraffin wax and pieces of a cellulose material.

63. The apparatus of claim 61, wherein the second material includes an oxidizer.

Date Recue/Date Received 2022-09-28

64. The apparatus of claim 61, further comprising:
paper wrapped about a combination of the casing, the spark generator, the fuse, and the second material, the portion of the actuator being positioned outside of the paper with respect to a first side portion of the casing, the portion of the anchor line being positioned outside of the paper with respect to a second side portion of the casing.

65. The apparatus of claim 61, wherein the casing defining vent holes that provide a fluid communication path between exterior regions of the casing and the interior chamber.

66. The apparatus of claim 61, wherein:
the anchor line includes a loop sized and configured to be placed around the structure exterior to the apparatus, and the portion of the actuator and the loop are disposed at opposing ends of the casing.

67. The apparatus of claim 61, wherein the casing includes at least two casing portions.

68. A method, comprising:
activating an igniter to generate a first thermal event in response to actuation of an actuator coupled to the igniter, the igniter being disposed in an interior chamber of a casing that is made from a first material, the actuator having at least a portion positioned outside of the interior chamber of the casing;
igniting, by the first thermal event, a second material disposed in the interior chamber of the casing to define a second thermal event;
burning the second material for a length of time after the igniting; and burning the first material for a length of time after a start of the second thermal event, the length of time for the second material being less than the length of time for the first material.

69. The method of claim 68, wherein the portion of the actuator is configured to be moved in a first direction during actuation, the method further comprising:
limiting movement of the igniter in the first direction.

Date Recue/Date Received 2022-09-28

70. The method of claim 68, wherein the activating includes:
generating, via a spark generator of the igniter, a spark, and combusting a fuse when the fuse is exposed to the spark, the fuse being disposed in the interior chamber of the casing, the fuse being coupled to and extended from the spark generator.

71. A fire starter, comprising:
a casing defining an interior chamber and having a first side portion and a second side portion opposite the first side portion, the casing being made from a first burnable material;
a second burnable material disposed in the interior chamber of the casing;
an igniter disposed in the interior chamber of the casing and configured to generate a first thermal event to ignite the second burnable material, the second burnable material combusts during the first thermal event to define a second thermal event to ignite the first burnable material;
an actuator coupled to the igniter, the actuator configured to activate the igniter to generate the first thermal event; and an anchor line coupled to the igniter, a first portion of the anchor line being disposed within the interior chamber, the first portion of the anchor line being coupled to the igniter at a first attachment location and a second attachment location different from the first attachment location, a second portion of the anchor line being disposed outside of the casing.

72. The fire starter of claim 71, wherein the anchor line defines a loop, a first portion of the loop is defined by the first portion of the anchor line, a second portion of the loop is defined by the second portion of the anchor line, at least a portion of the second burnable material is disposed within the first portion of the loop, the second portion of the loop is sized and configured to be placed around a structure exterior to the casing to anchor the apparatus when the actuator is actuated.

73. The fire starter of claim 71, wherein the anchor line is flexible, the anchor line limits movement of the igniter in a first direction when actuator is moved in the first direction.

Date Recue/Date Received 2022-09-28

74. The fire starter of claim 71, wherein the igniter includes:
a spark generator; and a fuse coupled to the spark generator and in contact with the second burnable material.

75. The fire starter of claim 71, wherein:
the igniter includes a spark generator and a fuse coupled to a first end of the spark generator, and the actuator is coupled to a second end of the spark generator different from the first end.

76. The first starter of claim 71, wherein the first attachment location is on a first side of the igniter and the second attachment location is on a second side of the igniter opposite the first side.

77. The fire starter of claim 71, wherein the actuator includes a line or string that is pulled to activate the igniter.

78. The fire starter of claim 71, wherein the casing defines a plurality of vent holes extended between the interior chamber and an exterior of the casing.

79. The fire starter of claim 71, wherein the first burnable material includes a mixture of paraffin wax and pieces of a cellulose material.

80. The fire starter of claim 71, wherein the second burnable material includes an oxidizer.

Date Recue/Date Received 2022-09-28

81. An apparatus, comprising:
a casing defining an interior chamber and being made from a first material that combusts when exposed to a flame;
a spark generator disposed in the interior chamber of the casing to generate a spark when the spark generator is activated;
a fuse disposed in the interior chamber of the casing, the fuse coupled to the spark generator and extending therefrom, the fuse combusting to define a burning fuse for a time when exposed to the spark;
a second material disposed in the interior chamber of the casing and adjacent the fuse, the second material combusting, when the second material is exposed to the burning fuse, to define the flame;
an actuator coupled to the spark generator and having at least a portion that is positioned outside of the casing and that is configured to be pulled in a first direction to activate the spark generator; and an anchor line coupled to the spark generator at a plurality of attachment locations, the anchor line having a portion disposed outside the casing, the anchor line configured to be coupled to an anchor exterior to the apparatus such that the anchor line limits movement of the spark generator in the first direction when the portion of the actuator is pulled in the first direction to activate the spark generator.

82. The apparatus of claim 81, wherein the portion of the anchor line disposed outside the casing is a first portion, the anchor line has a second portion disposed in the interior chamber of the casing such that at least a portion of the second material is disposed within an interior region defined by the second portion of the anchor line.

83. The apparatus of claim 81, wherein:
the fuse is coupled to a first end of the spark generator, and the actuator is coupled to a second end of the spark generator different from the first end.

84. The apparatus of claim 81, wherein the plurality of attachment locations includes a first attachment location on a first side of the spark generator and a second attachment location on a second side of the spark generator opposite the first side.
Date Recue/Date Received 2022-09-28

85. The apparatus of claim 81, wherein the first material includes a mixture of paraffin wax and pieces of a cellulose material.

86. The apparatus of claim 81, wherein the second material includes an oxidizer.

87. The apparatus of claim 81, wherein the casing defines vent holes that are extended between the interior chamber and an exterior of the casing.

88. The apparatus of claim 81, wherein:
the anchor line includes a loop sized and configured to be placed around a structure exterior to the apparatus, and the portion of the actuator and the loop are disposed at opposing ends of the casing.

89. The apparatus of claim 81, wherein a portion of the fuse extended from the spark generator is disposed within the second material.

90. The apparatus of claim 81, wherein:
the first material burns for a length of time after being ignited, the second material burns for a length of time after being ignited, and the length of time associated with the second material is less than the length of time associated with the first material.

Date Recue/Date Received 2022-09-28