CA2798880A1 - Method for producing organic and organo-mineral fertilisers with high carbon concentration using physical and biological process - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for producing organic and organo-mineral fertilisers, on the basis of the carbon concentration in organic material in nature, and by relating said concentration to the fractions of natural minerals and/or transformed minerals, achieving an intense physical interaction between the materials in question, and biologically activating and enriching the compost.

Description

METHOD FOR PRODUCING ORGANIC AND ORGANO-MINERAL FERTILISERS
WITH HIGH CARBON CONCENTRATION USING PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL
PROCESS
Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a process for the production of an agricultural starting material, more specifically a process for the production of organic and .organomineral fertilisers based on the carbon concentration of the organic material in natura and correlating such concentration with the fractions of natural minerals and / or processed minerals, promoting a high physical interaction of the materials involved and enabling and biologically enriching said compound.
Background of the Invention The goal of putting soil products consisting of the sum of mineral NPK, Ca, Mg, S and the like, forming at least the 16 essential elements, with high concentration of carbon, is to offer to the plant an environment that is alive and active, where the relation soil-plant comprises both quantity and quality of nutrients, ie, to form a solution rich in the said soil, thus feeding the plant with a wealth of mineral and biological nutrients.
In Australia, for example, there has been concern over the high salinity caused by inorganic nutrients, mainly salts extremely soluble in acidic pHs, which do acidify the soil and cause loss of the structure thereof and microbiological life (Shaxson, IF, "integrated production and protection of watershed", in: XXI Brazilian Congress of Soil Science, "The social responsibility of soil science", Campinas, SBCS, 1988, p.

272). The compaction of the soil is another problem that causes reduction in productivity due primarily to the loss of soil organic carbon. A decrease of one percent (1%) of organic carbon in soil is more aggressive than the degradation caused by erosion.
We know at least 20 reasons involving the three conceptual aspects - physical, chemical and biological - to achieve high levels of production with high quality products. The reasons for the importance of the concentration of organic matter in the soil, according to Albrecht, WA, "Loss of soil organic matter and its restoration," pgs.
347-360, Soils and Men, 1938, Yearbook of Agr., U.S. Govt. Printing Office, Washington, DC, Cole, CV, Williams, J., Shaffer, M. and Hanson, J. "Organic matter and nutrients as components of models of agricultural production systems" in:
Follett, RF, Stewart, JWB and Cole, CV (eds), "Soil fertility and organic matter as critical components of production system", p. 147-166, 1987, SSSA Spec. Publ. 19, ASA
and SSSA, Madison, WI; Doran, JW and Smith, MS, "Managing the use of organic matter and soil nutrients and fertilisers, pgs. 53-72, in: Follett, RF, Stewart, JWB
and Cole, CV
(eds), "Soil fertility and organic matter as critical components of production system", p.
147-166, 1987, SSSA Spec. Publ. 19, ASA and SSSA, Madison, WI, are as follows:
a. Do not allow soil erosion;
b. Provide nutrients to the soil;
c. Protect soil against pH changes;
d. Retaining water in the soil;
e. Increasing the cation exchange capacity, protecting the soil against anions with nutrients, which promotes the loss thereof;
f. Reduce soil compaction;
g. Store nutrients in the soil without losing them from one to another crop;
h. Reduce heating of the soil;
i. Conditioning a more porous soil, even when slightly wet;
j. Allow more reactions with minerals in the soil;
k. To give more soil health and, therefore, reduce plant diseases;
1. Giving the soil better aeration and higher permeability;
m. Protect soil reactions of heavy metals existing in the same toxicity and salt;
n. Be a mechanism for storing the additional atmospheric C02;
o. Offer production yields due to the potentiation of the factors described;
p. Promote the restoration of soil microbial, inhibiting the toxic substances;
q. Promote plant growth outside an acidic environment;
r. Allow receipt of other microorganisms that recycle nutrients in the soil;
s. Promote soil formation, and t. Offer biochemical combinations that enrich the soil the fruit, as the brix thereof.
There are already many studies showing the value of soil organic matter, as in Darst, BC and Murphy, LS, "Organic matter in soil: an integral ingredient in the production of crops," 1989, Better Crops 74 (1): 4-5 , and KIEHL, EJ, "Organomineral fertilisers", Piracicaba, Ceres Agricultural Publishing, 1993, p. 1-6, which properly refer to these benefits. The organic matter acts as an energy source for microorganisms and other soil organisms and is crucial to chemical and biological and physical health of the soil.

The organic matter added to the soil in the presence of other essential nutrients to plants in suitable proportions relative to one another, such as calcium, sulfur, nitrogen and other nutrients, are synergistic in nature, with studies showing that one can induce microbial populations by reacting the same with carbon to form complex molecules of humus and other organic fractions, as in Doran, JW and Smith, DM, "Management of organic matter and use of soil nutrients and fertilisers, pgs.
53-72 in:
Follett, RF, Stewart, JWB and Cole, CV (eds), "Soil fertility and organic matter as critical components of production system", pgs. 147-166, 1987, SSSA Spec.
Publ. 19, ASA and SSSA, Madison, WI; Hallam. and J. Bartholomew, WV, "Influence of rate of addition of plant residues in accelerating the decomposition of organic matter soils", Soil Sci Soc. J., 1953, vol. 17th, pgs. 365-368.
The soil organic matter along with biochemical reactions with the humic mass formed (humic acids) are important factors in the process of soil formation.
The degree of mineralization of soil organic matter is a subject not discussed, thus leading to the issue of adding organic matter to the soil via conventional process, this decomposing before application to soil and soil in coming to that stage already stabilized.
Thus, it has been shown that such decomposition will occur until the stage wherein the carbon / nitrogen ratio is below 18:1, seeking ever lower levels, sometimes reaching up to 5:1, or an organic material very low-carbon. In summary, there has been little understanding as regards biological action of humic acids, however, in recent years, since it can add that these reactions also result in the development of soil profiles, and nutritional quality thereof (Joffe, JS, "Pedology", Rutgers Univ. Press, New Brunswick, NJ, 1936, and Konovoa, LKJ, "Routes of degradation in the oxidation of carbon aromatic heterocyclic systems," Dept. of Chemistry, Wright State University Dayton, Ohio 45431, August 22, 1969). Humic acids should promote continued biochemical reactions in the soil, leaving all the energy of these reactions in yourself, not detaching and said energy pouring into the atmosphere. All humic acids in soil is grouped genetic code and the biological processes of the microorganisms.
It is known today that the richest soils above the tropics, usually contains 5600 kg of nitrogen / ha. This amount is lower and for soils below the tropics it is even lower. However, if attention is given to this important subject by analyzing the advantage of adding 2% nitrogen via addition of organic matter will be observed that the microorganisms mineralize the nutrients of organic matter provide for the use of these plant, it is possible to retain soil 100-250 kg of nitrogen / ha / year.
What is not known is that while one is losing 990 to 2470 kg of carbon. This represents kg of precious organic matter being lost. This procedure is being overused and practiced by many farmers who adopt organic and conventional crops and that use waste from other cultures (such as direct planting), leading to decomposition of organic matter and loss of nitrogen and carbon, which in turn impoverishes said organic matter.
We can observe that the nature works to provide the plant residues into the plant itself, because it means that the only carbon source is air and it also provides nitrogen in 70% of the composition. Nitrogen is converted into the plant 2 for NH3. This reaction (N2 + 6H + 6e" -+ 2NH3, in the presence of Fe and Mo) is one of the important reactions occurring in soil, parallel to the reactions of photosynthesis. The researcher Brady (Brady, CN and eil, RR, "The nature and properties of soils", 13th ed., Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, 2002, p. 960) adds that when the nitrogen is in excess, the ratio of carbon and other nutrients is compromised, or such biological nitrogen shall not be used and will be lost.
Genetic Engineering of specific microorganisms and organic matter in soils shows the need to increase levels of organic matter in the soil. Organic waste from domestic waste can help replenish the lost mass of carbon in soil and detached in the atmosphere, according to Wallace, A., "The soil organic matter should be restored to as close to the originals," Commun. Soil Sci. Annual Plant., Vol. 25, pgs. 29-35).
It is estimated that from 3.5 to 5.4 tons / hectare of crop residues or agricultural industries can be annually returned to the soil. This volume is replaced each year, is significant and could keep the soil in good balance with good levels of organic matter, according to Follett, RF, Stewart, JWB and Cole, CV (eds), "Soil fertility and organic matter as critical components of production system", p. 147-166, 1987, SSSA
Spec.
Publ. 19, ASA and SSSA, Madison, WI. The 5.4 tons of organic waste accounts for approximately one ton of carbon. With the 25% efficiency in decomposition processes, it is estimated that one quarter of the carbon is lost.
If the crop residues were reinserted into the soil, with the continuous increase of productivity of these areas, the quality that would reach the ground power would have high yields, meaning a rate of 8.8 tons of organic matter / hectare and other kg of carbon would be retained. This would add between 890 and 1480 kg of carbon retained / hectare per harvest.
The process of composting organic matter is technically improper (Wallace, A., "The soil organic matter should be restored to as close to the originals,"
Commun. Soil Sci. Annual Plant., Vol. 25, p. 29-35 ), it increases the concentration of CO2 in the air, is costly and can work and apply ground 15-30 times and volumes studied admitted to different cultures, thus causing 'disaffection and infeasibility of using this process in extensive crops obtaining yields similar or higher to those obtained with conventional fertilisers.
A complete fertilizer is a balanced fertilizer with adequate levels of minerals, organic matter and crude increments that allow high biological activity of organic acids.
The importance of having a product that has not been composted all the effects already mentioned biologically, counting and being in combination with other nutrients to carry out actions that nature promotes recycling nutrients. (Wallace, A.
and Wallace, GA, "A possible flaw in the new rule's 1993 Agency of Environmental Protection on deposits due to the interaction of heavy metals," Comm. Soil Sci. Annual Plant., Vol.
25, pp. 129-135, 1994).
Upon interpreting the carbon losses, one can add the wrong ways to use and even the decomposition process, which deplete the soil.
Besides the need to have a substance richer in carbon, the nitrogen element also has high value, acting on the biological system of organic matter, allowing the organic and biochemical reactions. Thus, it is important to point out that it is not enough to consider the organic matter present in the compositions, it is also necessary that it is living and active. The involvement of nitrogen, and the fraction existing in the organic mass, plays an important role in the fraction of organic material as well as in the formulated product, ie in the balance of minerals and organics.
Nitrogen is an element that participates in all metabolic reactions of the plant, thus having great importance. It is present in the composition of the most important biomolecules such as ATP, NADH, NADPH, chlorophyll, proteins and several enzymes. 0 nitrogen has been intensively studied in order to maximize the efficiency of their use. To this end, we have sought to reduce the loss of nitrogen in the soil, as well as improving the absorption and metabolization of said element inside the plant.
The efficiency of the use of nitrogen to the soil refers to the recovery degree of this element by plants, whereas the losses which usually occur. Typically, less than 50% of the nitrogen applied as fertilizer is utilized by the crops. The losses in the soil are due to the numerous processes in which nitrogen is subject. Nitrogen is lost mainly by nitrate leaching, volatilization of ammonia emission and N20 and other nitrogen oxides, according Anghinoni, I., "Nitrogen in the states of Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina", 1986, at: Santana, MBM, "Nitrogen in Brazil," CEPLAC / SBCS, Ilheus, 1986, Chapter I, p. 1-18.
The absorption and assimilation of nitrogen by the plant are multivariate processes that are integrated with the overall plant metabolism. The multivariate metabolism of nitrogen complicates the identification of specific metabolic steps that are most limiting for increased productivity. The source of nitrogen assimilation and location (air or ground) may be important, especially in growth conditions in which energy availability is limiting. The care that the nitrogen be present in certain proportions and in certain moments, as the cycles of the plants, help in adding organic matter nitrogen via medium to high nitrogen concentration and / or addition of organic compounds with high concentration of this element such as amino acids, allowing better balance of the carbon: nitrogen, searching for relationships 10:1 to 30:1.
It can be said that in addition to nutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S) and micro nutrients (Zn, B, Mn, Cu, Fe, Mo, Co, Si, and so on) essential to plant development complements the use of these biological agents that act in different ways on the ground and even the plant. They may be called regulators, stimulants or biological activators.
A mixture of two or more plant growth regulators other substances (amino acids, nutrients and vitamins) is designated as biostimulant as Castro, PR CE, Vieira, EL, "plant growth regulators and biostimulants in maize," in: Fancelli, AL, Dourado Neto, D.
(Ed.), "Corn: strategies for high productivity," Esalq / USP / LPV, Piracicaba, 2003, p.
99-115. The use of these substances increases in importance as it increases the genetic potential of crops and when aimed at obtaining high yields and improving the quality of the picked product.
The identification and cloning of genes for transporters of high affinity plant shall assist in breeding programs to obtain plants more efficient at absorbing nitrogen in a wide range of availability of this nutrient in the soil.
The addition of amino acids allows more nutrients lead to the formulation, either alive and active, allowing the reactions of organic matter are more accelerated and also helping to organic acids present in the form of organic matter-rich compounds to the soil solution, which will be absorbed by the plant.
The role of amino acids is important and has been studied very little nutrition in the soil (root). It can be said that the mechanism by which the level of amino acids in the phloem of the root regulates the absorption and assimilation of nitrogen by the plant was suggested by Imsande, J., Touraine, BN, "Demand and regulation of nitrate uptake," Plant Physiology, Lancaster, Vol 105, pgs. 3-7, 1994. It is based on the realization that, during the fast vegetative growth rates are high nitrate reduction and synthesis of amino acid in the leaves. There is even used most of the amino acids for the synthesis of chlorophyll, rubisco and other proteins and, thus, is the low level of amino acids in the phloem that enters the roots, which leads us to admit that this can and should be part of system for plant nutrition. Moreover, during the reproductive stage decreases the rate of reduction of nitrate; in parallel, depending on the remobilisation of nitrogen leaf inflorescence development, increases the amino acid export from leaves, enriched with these compounds, the phloem which enters the roots. The proposed mechanism suggested that these amino acids lead to a decrease in the rate of absorption of NO3. The action of amino acids on the absorption of nitrogen is not yet known. Probably, the high levels of amino acids in roots inhibit the action of transporters in the membrane of NO3 and synthesis of the enzyme nitrate reductase (Lea, PJ, "Nitrogen Metabolism", in: Lea, PJ, and Leegood, RC, "Biochemistry of and Plant Molecular Biology ", John Wiley and Sons, Chichester, 1993, Chapter 7, pgs. 155-180, and Lea PJ," Metabolism of nitrogen primer ", In: Dey, PM and Harborne, JB," Biochemistry plant ", Academic, 1997, Chapter 7, pgs.

313).
During the development cycle of the crop, these organic compounds depending on their composition, concentration and proportion of substances, stimulate plant growth by increasing cell division, cell elongation and cell differentiation and thereby increase the absorption capacity nutrients and water, reflecting directly in development (seed germination, growth and development, flowering, fruiting, senescence) and crop productivity (Castro, PR CE, Vieira, EL, "bioregulators and biostimulants in maize," in :
Fancelli, AL, Golden Neto, D. (Ed.), "Corn: strategies for high productivity,"
Esalq / USP
/ LPV, Piracicaba, 2003, p. 99-115). The action of biological activators, besides the various functions, have interaction with plant nutrition, increasing efficiency in the uptake, transport and assimilation of nutrients. The nature of non polar organic compounds enhance the ability of movement of substances through membranes, which are non polar, according to the constitution thereof (proteins and phospholipids).
The patent literature also reports some processes for obtaining fertilisers containing nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium. However, there are no reports of processes to enrich the soil with carbon.

The Brazilian patent application PI 8303056-5 describes a process for obtaining organic fertilizer simple and organomineral fertilizer that, after treatment, stabilization and degradation of manure, it is pelletized, dried and milled. The resulting product can be supplemented with humus lignite, yielding, after granulation, a granular organic fertilizer simple. Said resulting product can still receive other raw materials in addition to various mineral humus lignite, yielding, after granulation, a organomineral fertilizer.
After granulation of any of the two types of fertilizer, these are packaged in plastic bags, completing the industrial production cycle.
More specifically, we can see that at a certain stage of that process manure is supplemented with organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, sulfur, magnesium and micronutrients, whose main sources used are: humus lignite, potassium nitrate, nitrate ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, ammonium phosphate, urea, superphosphate, DAP, MAP, potassium chloride, among others.
However, the said patent application PI 8303056-5 does not exploit specifically the importance of using biological agents (humic and fulvic acids) that are added for further biochemical reactions in the soil. Moreover, said patent application does not provide strict control of the main relationship between the nutrients, such as N / C, C / P, K I C, AMF / C and AHF / minerals. This control is crucial for running the process proposed by the present invention.
The Brazilian patent PI 8600757-2 relates to a process for producing fertilizer from a wide series of organic residues urban, industrial or agricultural. Said process has a low energy cost, can be applied in small, medium or large scale and produces a fertilizer completely free of pathogens.
However, the process proposed by this invention does not provide reaction steps acidic and / or alkaline in order to treat the initial organic mass and eliminate pathogens, there is a curing step in the process of the present invention, and the patent document PI 8600757-2 does not comprise a stage of activation and enhancement of biological mass processed using AHF and MFA, as proposed in the present invention.
The Brazilian patent PI 0704583-2 discloses a process that aims to take the carnallite as the source of the potassium and magnesium in chemical fertilizer granulation. The carnallite (KCI .MgCI2.6H2O) is added to a granulator drum-type rotary plate, "pug-mill", among others, along with DAP, ammonia and other conventional fertilisers to form magnesium phosphate and ammonium double (NH4.MgPO4.nH2O), ammonium chloride and potassium chloride. Therefore, in addition to allowing the use of carnallite, extremely hygroscopic characteristic, the process allows the obtainment of phosphate dual magnesium and ammonium. In this double salt, the phosphorus is in a slow release form, which means that the plant may gradually absorb it, thus reducing the losses in the soil. Such a process provides a further embodiment of the invention where the carnallite is replaced by a solution of magnesium chloride. In this case, one obtains a fertilizer rich in magnesium, where the phosphorous is in a form of slow release to plants. Furthermore, an embodiment is shown where DAP is replaced by ammonia and phosphoric acid.
It is important to note that the patent in question refers more specifically to the enrichment of fertilizer in terms of nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus, and does not concern the carbon content available. Moreover, no mention is made regarding the use of biological agents to compose fertilizer formulation.
The Brazilian patent application PI 0606043-9 refers to a fertilizer that has, in its composition, in the form of protein nitrogen (protein vegetable and animal) assayed in equilibrium, which leads to a rapid and sustained beneficial effect on crops and in the soil. The said fertilizer composition is deodorized by biological additives enzymatic catalysts, both of which improve digestion and processing of organic materials and facilitate integration with the mineral components.
The said patent document provides the use of biological agents, to promote biochemical reactions in the soil. There is also some concern controlling the carbon content in order to enrich the soil with this essential nutrient. However, said patent application PI 0606043-9 does not provide the same concentration ranges of the main nutrients, all of which are below that obtained by the process object of the present search. Furthermore, the order in reference does not describe the process for obtaining the fertilizer being restricted only to the composition.
As mentioned above, there is an increasing need for regeneration and increase soil fertility, replacing thereto its main mineral nutrients and carbon, in order to replace the conventional fertilisers.
Object of the Invention It is the object of the present invention to provide a process for the production of organic and organomineral fertilisers based on the carbon concentration of the organic material in nature and relating said concentration with fractions of natural minerals and / or minerals processed by promoting a high physical interaction the materials involved and enabling and enriching biological compound.
It is further object of this invention to describe these fertilisers, using the process described herein.
Description of the Figures The present invention will be described based on the attached figures, wherein:
- Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram, which illustrates the production of powdered or grounded organic fertilizer;
- Figure 2 shows a schematic diagram, which illustrates the production organomineral fertilizer granulates, and - Figure 3 shows a schematic diagram, which illustrates the production of powdered or grounded organic fertilizer.
Detailed Description of the Invention = Organic Fertiliser The organic fertilisers of the present invention are formulated with 100%
natural raw materials, organic materials of different origins and natural mineral without chemical processing, just physical.
The compositions of organic fertilizer of the present invention consider the percentage of organic matter where it must reach the minimum percentage of 15%
carbon, 1% nitrogen, the maximum carbon: nitrogen ration (C:N) of 18:1 and cation exchange capacity: total organic carbon (CTC:C) ratio of 20:1. The remaining guarantees may be declared as the results of the composition, wherein each raw material has its value of macro and micronutrients needed for plant development.
The combined organic raw materials in nature and minerals takes place in conditions where these interactions are intense, caused by the reduction of the entire mass of the particles that make up the formulation, in the same instant. The intense mixing, drying of the sensitive mass and particle size reduction occurs in traditional equipment such operations conventionally used for fertilizer and mining industries are on the market which are capable of promoting these functions (blenders, dryers and mills) or by a Multiprocessor mill equipment which represents the set of equipment described, properly processing the heavy weight, making them unique, uniform, low humidity and with a particle size which may vary from microgranulate (particle size of 0.5 to 2.5 mm) to powder (particle size 0.1 to 0, 5 mm).

The raw materials most commonly used in the formulations of organic fertilisers are:
a) Organic raw materials:
- mammon pie;
- Cotton pie;
- Sunflower pie;
- Pie from cane sugar plant filter;
- Sugar cane bagasse;
- Cotton waste;
- Bark of coffee;
- Manure from livestock;
- Manure chicken (hen);
- chicken bed;
- Manure from pigs;
- Rumen of cattle;
- Blood of cattle, and - Wood ash.
b) mineral raw materials (natural, in situ - physical process only):
- natural fhosphates;
- Reactive phosphates, natural;
- Feldspar;
- Limestones;
- Gypsum;
- Sulphur;
- Vermiculite;
- Marble powder;
- Minerals weathered, and - Basalt.
The preparation of the formulations of fertilisers by the process NPK +C for manufacturing of organic fertilisers has technical premises in order to act to provide the nutrients present in natural minerals and organic matter present in natura, allowing the biological-chemical formulation can meet the agronomical demand.
The basic assumptions are: the concentrations of organic matter (O.M.%) in the composition, i.e., "compostable" (% C) and natural minerals; chemicals that possess these minerals in their composition and their cargoes ionic (+) and (-), and the concentration of biological agents and relations with the carbon and soil minerals, thus observing chemical and biochemical reactions that form the formulated bulk.
The stoichiometric balance of said formulations - carbon versus natural minerals - is the product of the mass of elements such as nitrogen, which is active energy of organic molecules, and other nutrients (+) and (-) present in the dough and that sometimes in practice, were also studied in the field of private jobs in various crops without knowledge about the process used to obtain the product by the farmer, with very satisfactory results in productivity and quality (brix grade). These established relationships are presented below.
Nutrient Relations (Macronutrients and Micronutrients) / Carbon - "Minimum Limits":
Nitrogen: 0.9% N /% C
Phosphorus: 1,16% P /% C
Potassium: 1.35% K / C%
Micronutrients: 1.0% Mic / C%
The organic matter in nature to be processed so that the carbon has minimal losses, which occur in process NPK + C, from stoichiometric balance mass union of said organic matter with other plant nutrition elements, such as mineral and the processing equipment (mixer, dryer and traditional mill or windmill multiprocessor) that interact intimately mass. Next, the mass that is biologically active and enriched (biological agents, AHF and AMF), allowing an average decomposition of the same, or is processed in the set of equipment (mixer, dryer and mill), promoting interactions between tiny particles transformed the equipment. All this charge goes to the ground and there complements the cycle in a stage of decomposition and carbon biologically involved, lossless, reacting with nutrients, making them available to plants and not allowing their losses with agents that retain these nutrients by ionic reactions (eg, iron and aluminum), forming insoluble complexes, or by leaching.
Biological agents, AHF - "humic and fulvic acids" (called AB1) and AMF -"Amino Acid fish or vegetables" (called AB2), added in steps after processing the formulated for intensive mixing, drying and large particle size reduction (less 35 mesh to 200 mesh), or mills in multiprocessors, and during the granulation process will act as follows:

1. AHF - "humic and fulvic acids" (AB1): The presence of fulvic acid has an action biominerals ion forming organic complexes, which retain the cations and anions of mineral raw materials present in the composition of the organic fertilizer of the present invention. The action of these complexes biominerals prevents the elements nutrients available to the soil solution and consequently, the plant, remain loose soil, because in the presence of strong ions can be sequestered and / or complexed, forming insoluble complexes and thus rendering nutrients unavailable to follow the plan. Thus, the presence of fulvic acid in the amount and ratio of ions present in the mass of soluble or solubilized mineral allows them not to be lost to the ground. The macro and micro nutrients added to soil fertilization or even existing in this indispensable to plants, has your participation in mass values allowed on the upper middle (as tests on experimental and commercial areas) require corresponding mass of humic reactions for the formation of biominerals, taking into account the ionic charge of these elements.
AHF-Minerals ratio 0.70 mL AHF / kg Macro and Micronutrients.
Organic matter in the most advanced stage of decomposition, observed by the carbon: nitrogen less than 18, so these organic acids (humic, fulvic and maleic). Thus, organic matter richer in carbon form more desirable these acids, thereby allowing the chelation of ions present in needed nutrients to all plants.
The formulations should thus take into account the concentration of carbon from one or more organic materials, preferably those that may arise from animal sources (animal waste) and plant sources (residues of agroindustries and cultures) and are mixed as seen in Kiehl, EJ, "50 Questions and Answers about Organic Compound", Sao Paulo, PMSP / ESALQ, 1979, p.9, 1. 17, wherein the waste has:
Plant: High Concentration Carbon -> 60% C
Low Capacity Decomposition - 60 to 120 days Animals: Low Concentration Carbon - <50% C
High Decomposition Capacity - 30 to 60 days.
The addition of the formulated product AHF, in the presence of medium to high concentration of organic matter (carbon) and medium to low concentration of humic acids formed at medium to low stage of decomposition of the organic aims to help reactions, catalyzing the decomposition and hence chelating the soluble salts present in the formulated mixture.

The amount of AHF added is sufficient to the chelation process (formation of compounds biominerals) in the established relationship, leaving them being formed by the decomposition of organic matter over and formulated enriching the end product, to help further biological activities.
2. AMF - "Amino acids from fish and vegetables" (AB2): These have the purpose of playing a dual function in the formulation, namely:
a. They enable the organic matter that is in mid stage of decomposition and suffered physical intervention to reduce humidity and the number of microorganisms (by high temperature and the extraction of the water contained in the organic matter).
This agent resets the biological nutrient and carbon to nitrogen (amino acid composition) of organic matter, providing conditions to help in the process of decomposition of organic matter in the formulated product. Thus, replacing the carbon lost during the process of mixing, drying and grinding mill or a multiprocessor, activating intensely organic matter formulated (biologically) and enriching the properties and interactions of organic matter in the soil allowed to recover unavailable nutrients in the soil for the plant, making them available.
b. The presence of phosphates in the form of natural mineral forces that act intensively these organic matter, attacking them with the organic acids formed and added, rendering biominerals organic compounds available to the plant.
The reactions of attack of organic acids with any mineral is a common process in the soil or even when mixed with these organic matter, such as with rock phosphates (phosphorous) where microorganisms play the role of breaking the ore, reactions that occur medium to long term (30 to 120 days) depending on the quality of organic matter and carbon concentration, thereby increments the biological process when one has the presence of amino acids, charged nitrogen agents.
AMF - Carbon ratio: 2.6 mL AMF / C%
AMF - Natural Phosphate ratio: 0.65 mL AMF / C%
In the compositions with the presence of natural phosphates, the sum of the volume used for the carbon with the volume is used for the natural phosphate, in order of relative importance, since these act in both situations (the purposes described above).
Equivalence of consumption: 42% for carbon 58% for rock phosphates.

It should be added that amino acids are great enhancers for the soil solution, being also used in plant nutrition and thereby enriching the fertilizer product.
The nitrogen of these amino acids, in its organic form, participates in the reactions of formation of biominerals compounds and biochemical compounds in plants, which are carried by the xylem (input channel system of the plant), favoring the process of ATP production, translated by improved the reactions of synthesis of chlorophyll and therefore the increase in glucose content (Taiz, L. and Zeiger, E., "Vegetable Physiology", Sao Paulo, New Haven, 2004, p. 719).
The formulations will go to the ground with part of their ongoing reactions and mineral nutrients and organic foods available to the plant and throughout the hours and days following organic reactions continue: organic acids present in the formulation and added continue attacking minerals and gradually providing the remaining percentage of nutrients to the plant. The glycine, a component of the precursor amino acid and for the synthesis of chlorophyll, is an important metal chelator, which in turn are important as micronutrients to plants.
There are strong interactions of ionic character in the soil solution, which is formed and is present in areas near the root. Said solution down the channels of the phloem, reaches the root and reacts with the organic and inorganic compounds forming complexes biochemical enrich it. Then, the solution rises to the plant by the xylem to leaves carrying nutrients for composing the preparation of photosynthesis and fruits.
These reactions and behaviors are already seen in nature in forests and other biomes with fall leaves and plant debris in the soil, which being in decay -(formation of organic acids) are attacking the minerals in the soil, making them available to plants.
Thus, the process of formulating search act similarly, but with greater speed and intensity in reactions with the addition of biological agents, which shall enhance the biological activity of natural organic matter, solubilizing nutrients of natural minerals and mineralizing, i.e. , converting to organic minerals, the nutrients in organic matter.
The formulation (mass) is processed biologically activated increasing the biological activity of organic matter, and enriching this whole mass in the post-processing in the mixer, dryer and mill or a mill multiprocessor. As stated earlier, these elements act forming organic biochemical reactions which generate rich molecules that, in the soil solution, to follow the plant to aid in the metabolism of this, responding to further development and improvement of fruits, both quantitatively and qualitatively.

The organic acids formed in the stage of decomposition in which organic matter is processed (raw material) also will go to the grinder, where it will continue the process of "decomposition" to reach a favorable environment, such as humidity (plant in the rainy period) and temperature, allowing reaction rates ultra rapid (minutes or hours) because of the small particles that have been transformed nutrients during physico-chemical and physical processing, and also received additives with the purpose of being biologically activated after processing, wherein part of the microorganisms is lost, and wherein mass enrichment with organic elements important for soil and plant is conducted.
Thus, the organic fertilizer obtained via said process of NPK + C is the result of both a physical and biological processing of a formulation that aims to increase chemical and biological interactions, promoting high-speed (kinetic, biochemical) of formation of biochemical compounds, and aiming not lose the high amounts of carbon typically lost in conventional processes of decomposition of organic matter (compost), which deplete the organic matter in 40% to 70% relative to the mass of carbon present and primarily responsible for the formation of organic acids, and hence of biological reactions.
It is recommended to leave the organic fertilizer product, which is an organic-mineral product, stored for 72 hours before being shipped.
A plant for the production of said organic fertilizer comprises:
- Shredder knives used to grind organic matter (a) - Rotating sieve to organic matter;
- Weighing hopper (bin) for preparing the composition;
- Conveyor belt I used to transfer the heavy material to the mill or blender;
- Knife Mill;
- Helical mixer;
- Rotary drum dryer;
- Hammer mill;
- Mill multiprocessor (b) - I Mixer (biological activator) used to make the application of biological agents;
- Bucket elevator used to transfer the processed formulated to silos or bagging "Big Bag";
- Bin reception made for packing;
- Bin reception formulated to condition the "Big Bag" and - Bin flow formulated to the "Big Bag".
(a) Equipment not used when using the grinder multiprocessor.
(b) The mills multiprocessors replace the entire mixer, dryer and hammer mill.
A better understanding of said plant production of the organic fertilizer for the present invention can be obtained from Figure 1.
- Organomineral fertilisers The organomineral fertilizer of the invention is formulated with organic matter from various sources and inorganic, natural and / or chemically processed minerals.
The organomineral fertilizer compositions of the present invention, in terms of primary macronutrient, must consider the percentage of organic matter (carbon) at least 8% and the sum of NPK nutrients (macronutrients) at least 10%. Relative to side macronutrients (Ca, Mg and S), must reach the minimum sum of 5%. Regarding micronutrients, is required a sum of at least 4%. Other guarantees may be declared as the results of the composition, where each raw material has value of macro and micronutrients needed for plant development.
The combined organic raw materials in natura as well as natural and / or processed minerals occurs in conditions where these interactions are intense and promoted by reduction of the entire mass of the particles that make up the formulation, in the same instant. The intense mixing, drying and particle size reduction occurs in high traditional equipment such operations conventionally used in the fertilizer industry and mining existing on the market, which promote these functions (blenders, dryers and mills) or through a mill multiprocessor which represents the set of equipment described above and is responsible to properly handle the heavy weight, making them unique, uniform, low humidity and particle sizes which can vary from granules (mesh size 2 to 4mm) to a powder (particle size 0.1 0.5 mm).
The raw materials most commonly used formulations are:
a) Organic raw materials:
a) Organic raw materials:
- Castor pie;
- Cotton pie;
- Sunflower pie;
- Pie from cane sugar plant filter;
- Sugar cane bagasse;
- Cotton waste;

- Bark of coffee;
- Manure from livestock;
- Manure from chicken (hen);
- chicken bed;
- Manure from pigs;
- Rumen of cattle;
- Blood of cattle, and - Wood ash.
b) Mineral raw materials:
b.1- Natural Minerals:
- Natural phosphates;
- Reactive natural phosphates;
- Feldspar;
- Limestones;
- Gypsum;
- Sulphur;
- Vermiculite;
- Powder of marble;
- Weathered minerals, and - Basalt.
b.2- Processed Minerals:
- Urea;
- Ammonium sulphate;
- Ammonium nitrate;
- Single superphosphate;
- Triple superphosphate;
- Monoammonium phosphate (MAP);
- Diammonium phosphate (DAP);
- Potassium chloride, and - Potassium nitrate.
The preparation of fertilizer formulations by the NPK + C process of the present invention does comprise technical aspects for the fabrication of organomineral fertilizers, which have to act in order to provide the nutrients presented in terms of natural minerals, processed minerals (product of chemical reactions) and organic matter ( fresh) , thus enabling said composition to meet agronomical requirements.
The basic assumptions are: the concentrations of organic matter (OM%) in the composition, ie "compostable" organic carbon (% CO), natural and / or processed minerals; chemicals that possess these minerals in their composition and their ionic charges (+) and (-), as well as the concentration of biological agents and relations with the carbon and soil minerals, thus observing chemical and biochemical reactions that shall occur in the formulated bulk.
The stoichiometric balance of such formulations - carbon versus natural and /
or processed mineral - is the result of the mass of elements such as nitrogen, which is active energy of organic molecules, and other nutrients (+) and (-) in the mass, that upon gathering minerals processed assumed as soluble salts, have high activity and dissociation in short time and with high physical interactions, causing instant reactions.
These compositions, in a practical way, yet without reaching high levels of processing with reduced physical, were also studied in private works in various field crops such as grains (corn and soybeans) and fruit (melons, bananas, etc..) without knowledge about the process used to obtain the product of the farmer, with satisfactory results in productivity and quality (degree brix). These established relationships are presented below.
Nutrient Relations (Macronutrients and Micronutrients) / Carbon - "Minimum Limits":
Nitrogen: 0.9% N /% C
Phosphorus: 1.16% P / C%
Potassium: 1.35% K / C%
Micronutrients: 1.0% Mic / C%
Minimum threshold established by carbon organic matter (OM): 2.1 kg OM / kg soluble salts The formulation (mass) is processed and biologically activated increasing the biological activity of organic matter, thus enriching this whole mass in a step after processing in terms of physical and physicochemical aspects as well as in the granulation step. These biological elements act as mentioned above, forming biochemical reactions, retaining soluble nutrients present in the formulation and achieving rich molecules which, in the soil solution to follow the plant aiding in metabolism thereof, responding to further development and improvement of the fruits, both quantitatively and qualitatively.
The biological agents, AHF and MFA, are added in steps after processing the formulated composition in the mixer assembly, drier and mill for high reduction particle size (menso of 35 mesh to 200 mesh) or in the multiprocessor mill, and during the granulation process will act as follows:
1. AHF - "humic and fulvic acids" (AB1): The action of these organic acids relies in the composition thereof. The presence of fulvic acid has an ionic action forming biomineral organic complexes, which retain the cations and anions of the mineral raw materials present in the composition of the organomineral fertilizer of the invention. The action of these biomineral complexes prevents the elements nutrients available to the soil solution and consequently, the plant, remain loose in the ground, since the heavy ions eventually presented can be sequestered and / or complexed, forming insoluble complexes thus preventing the nutrients from reaching the normal pathway.
Thus, the presence of fulvic acid in ratio amounts of these ions present in the mass of soluble or solubilized mineral the allows it to retain and prevent losses to the ground.
The macro and micro nutrients added to soil fertilization or even existing in this indispensable to plants, has your participation in mass values allowed on the upper middle (as tests on experimental and commercial areas) require corresponding mass of humic reactions for the formation of biominerals, taking into account the ionic charge of these elements.
Relationship AHF-Minerals: 0.70 mL AHF / kg Macro and Micronutrients.
The organic matter in the most advanced stage of decomposition, observed by the carbon: nitrogen ration being less than 18, does form these organic acids (humic and fulvic maleic). Thus, organic matter richer in carbon form is more desirable in terms of these acids, thereby allowing the chelation of ions present and that are of great value for all plants.
The formulations should thus take into account the concentration of carbon from one or more organic materials, preferably those that may arise from animal sources (animal waste) and plant sources (residues of agroindustries and cultures) and are mixed as seen in iehl, EJ, "50 Questions and Answers about Organic Compound", Sao Paulo, PMSP / ESALQ, 1979, p.9, 1. 17, where waste has:
Plant: High Concentration Carbon -> 60% C
Low Decomposition Capacity - 60 to 120 days Animals: Low Concentration Carbon - <50% C

High Decomposition Capacity - 30 to 60 days The addition of AHF in the formulated product in the presence of medium to high concentration of organic matter (carbon) and medium to low concentration of humic acid formed by medium to low stage of decomposition organic matter, intended to help the reaction by catalyzing the decomposition and hence chelating the soluble salts present in the formulated mixture.
The amount of HFA added is sufficient to chelation process (formation of compounds biominerals) in the established relationship, leaving them being formed by the decomposition of organic matter over and formulated enriching the end product, which will furthermore the biological activity s soil.
2. AMF - "Amino acids in fish and vegetables" (AB2): These play a double role in the formulation, thus providing a dual function, namely:
a. They enable the organic matter that is in mid stage of decomposition and suffered physical intervention to reduce humidity and the number of microorganisms (by high temperature and the extraction of the water contained in the organic matter).
This agent resets the biological nutrient and carbon to nitrogen (amino acid composition) of organic matter, providing conditions to assist in the process of decomposition of organic matter in the formulated product. Thus, replacing the carbon lost during the process of mixing, drying and grinding mill or a multiprocessor, activating intensely the formulated organic matter (biologically) and also the properties and enriching 'interactions of organic matter in the soil allowed recovery unavailable nutrients in the soil for the plant, making them available.
b. The presence of phosphates in the form of natural mineral forces the organic matter on acting intensively therein, attacking them with the organic acids formed as well as the added ones, rendering biomineral organic compounds available to the plant.
The reactions of attack of organic acids with any mineral is a common process in the soil or even when mixed with these organic matter, such as with rock phosphates (phosphorous), wherein the microorganisms play the role of breaking the ore, reactions occurring in a medium to long term (30 to 120 days) depending on the quality of the organic matter and carbon concentration, and thus it increments the biological process when it is the presence of charged amino acids comprising nitrogen.
Carbon - AMF Ratio: 2.6 mL / C%
AMF - Natural Phosphate Ratio: 0.65 mL MPA / C%

In the compositions the presence of natural phosphates takes up the sum of the volume used for the carbon with the volume used for the natural phosphate, in order of relative importance, since these act in both situations (the purposes described above).
Equivalence of consumption: 42% for carbon 58% for natural phosphates It should be noted again that the amino acids are large enhancers of soil solution, and are also used in plant nutrition and thus enrich the fertilizer product.
As mentioned earlier, the nitrogen of these amino acids, in organic form, participates in the formation reactions of biomineral compounds and biochemical compounds in plants, which are carried by the xylem (input channel of the system plant), favoring the production processes ATP, translated by improved synthesis reactions of chlorophyll and therefore the increase in the glucose content (Taiz, L. and Zeiger, E., Vegetable Physiology ", Sao Paulo, New Haven, 2004, p. 719).
The formulations will go to the ground with part of their ongoing reactions and nutrients available to the plant and, over the following days, organic reactions continue with active microorganisms and organic acids present, and added generated (AHF) in the formulation, which will continue attacking minerals since they find favorable environment such as moisture (plant in the rainy season) and temperature, allowing reaction rates ultra rapid (minutes or hours) because of the small particles in which were transformed nutrients in physical and physico-chemical processing, thereby providing the remaining percentage of nutrients to the plant. These humic organic acids also act chemically and retain the cations of the mineral nutrients presented in chemically processed matter (soluble salts), forming biochemicals and not allowing them to become free and resulting in the retention thereof by the soil strong anions, such as iron and aluminum in the case of phosphorus as well as the volatilized and washed away such as nitrogen and potassium. Thus, no losses occur and the efficiency of retention of soluble nutrients added to soil, which must reach the plant, is above 95%.
There are strong interactions of ionic character in the soil solution, which is formed and is present in areas near the root. Said solution goes down the channels of the phloem, reaches the root and reacts with the organic and inorganic compounds forming biochemical complexes that enrich it. Then, the solution rises to the plant by the xylem to leaves carrying nutrients for composing the preparation of photosynthesis and fruits.

These reactions and behaviors are already seen in nature in forests and other biomes with fall leaves and plant debris in the soil, that upon the decomposition thereof (formation of organic acids) are attacking the minerals in the soil, making them available to plants. Thus, the formulation process seeks to act in the same way, but with greater speed and intensity of reactions, with the addition of biological agents, which shall enhance the biological activity of natural organic matter, solubilizing nutrients from natural minerals and nutrients from retaining processed minerals (chemical soluble salts) and reducing nutrients to tiny particles, which allow better chemical and biological interactions.
Thus, the biofertilizer obtained via the NP + C process is the result of the processing of physical and biological formulation that aims to increase chemical and biological interactions, promoting high-speed (kinetic biochemical) formation of biochemical compounds, and does not lose the high amounts of carbon normally lost in conventional processes of decomposition of organic matter (compost), which deplete the organic matter 40% to 70% relative to the mass of carbon present, the principal cause the formation of organic acids and hence of biological reactions.
It is recommended to let the biofertilizer product stored for 72 hours before the shipment thereof.
A plant for the production of said organomineral fertilizer comprises:
- Shredder knives used to grind organic matter(s);
- Rotary sieve rotary for organic matter (a) - Weighing hopper (bin) for preparing the composition;
- Conveyor belt I used to transfer the heavy material to the mill or blender;
- Knife Mill;
- Helical mixer;
- Rotary drum dryer;
- Hammer mill;
- Mill multiprocessor (b) - Mixer No.] (biological activator) used to make the application of biological agents;
- Bucket elevator No. I, used to transfer the processed granulesto the granulator(c) ;
- Granulator used to process the powder formulated into granules with addition of water and biological element( );

- Rotary dryer used to dry the formed pellets(c);
- Vibrating sieve used for sorting the formed beads(c);
- Mill used to grind the thick granules, that were disregarded and should return to the process(c) ;
- Conveyor belt No. II, used to transfer the fine granules and ground for return to process(c) - Bucket elevator No. II, used to transfer the processed formulated to bins or bagging such as a "Big Bag";
- Bin reception for the packing of the formulated product;
- Bin reception to condition the formulation in a "Big Bag" and - Bin flow for the formulation in a "Big Bag".
(a) Equipment not used when using the grinder multiprocessor.
(b) The mills multiprocessors replace the entire mixer, dryer and hammer mill.
(c) Complementary equipment for a manufacturing plant for organomineral fertilizer pellets.
The others are the equipment for a manufacturing plant for powdered or pulverized fertilisers.
A better understanding of this production plant organomineral fertiliser of the present invention can be obtained from Figures 2 and 3, which illustrate two different arrangements of said production process, namely: production of granular fertilizer (Figure 2) and production of powdered or pulverized fertilisers (Figure 3).
The examples presented below are intended merely to illustrate the invention and facilitate the understanding thereof, having no limiting character.
Examples Assays were performed to compare the efficiency of conventional fertilisers with organomineral fertilizer of the invention in soybean.
For the conduction of these trials, there were chosen areas where the soil had low levels of phosphorus and medium texture. We used a variety of soy early so as to assess the planting of winter maize (residual effect of sources of P205).
Therefore, we evaluated the effects of three main treatments, according to the present invention, with different sources and proportions of P205 and with three doses of P205 using soybean as test plant, according to Table 1, attached. Furthermore, the table shows the effects of treatment with a conventional formulation and the effects of treatment with a blank formulation (control).

Table 2 shows the concentrations of KC1 used in treatments 10, 11 and 12, previously shown in Table 1 for a conventional formulation.
The quantities of P2O5 used were based on the total concentration of sources of P2O5, being exemplified in Table 3 attached.
It is important to note that the minimum quantity of formulation for each treatment is 300 Kg.
The experimental design used in these trials was randomized blocks, consisting of thirteen treatments in four replications for a total of fifty-two installments.
Each plot consisted of ten lines spaced 0.5 meters in length by 50 meters, with a total area of 250 square meters for each plot. The experiment showed a total area of 19,000 square meters. Were harvested 10 square meters, only the 4 central lines 5 meters of each plot, considering three boundary lines for each side of the plot.
The installation of the experiment was conducted with its demarcation and subsequent collection of soil samples at 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm for the characterization of the experimental area. The conduction of the experimental area followed the same standards adopted for commercial areas.
Parameters evaluated during the experiment were:
- Average productivity of grains (kg / ha);
- Dry matter (part of the assessment area of 10 plants in R2/R5 stage);
- Foliar nutrients (season foliar diagnosis: early flowering - RI);
- Average weight of 1000 grains (harvest) and - Chemical analysis of soil (routine + P + P Mehlich resin).
The results obtained using phosphate, MAP and a combination of the two products are shown in Table 3, in the annex, as well as the results obtained using conventional fertilisers.
Upon analyzing the results mentioned above, we can see that the dosage of 90 kg / ha (equivalent to 45 kg / ha of biofertilizer) was best applied to the conditions of fertility in the soil was, and in that the dosage product with 100% rock phosphate had the same performance as the conventional product. Moreover, we observe that, in different dosages tested, organomineral fertilisers obtained results similar to conventional fertilisers, but with 50% less than P2O5 in these treatments.
The doses of P2O5 in treatments with organomineral fertilizer are presented in the attached tables as well as the dosages of conventional fertilisers, however they do represent 50% of P2O5 applied, since the compositions are:

- Organomineral fertilizers used: NPK 02.10.10;
- Conventional fertilizer used: NPK 02-20-20.

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Claims (10)

1. A method of producing an organic fertilizer characterized in that it comprises the steps of:
(a) grinding the organic matter through a chopper knives;
(b) sieve the organic matter through a rotary screen;
(c) Prepare the composition using a weighing hopper;
(d) transferring the weighed material into a blender or mill via a conveyor belt;
(e) grind the material on a slicer, (f) mix the material in a helical mixer;
(g) dry the material in a rotary drum dryer;
(h) grind the material obtained in a hammer mill, (i) apply biological agents through a mixer biological activator;
(j) transfer the processed formulation to bagging silos via a bucket elevator;

(k) pack the processed formulation in a silo receipt;
(l) condition the formulation in its packaging in a bin receipt, and (m) drain the formulated product for packaging in a bin outlet.

2. Process according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that it uses a multiprocessor mill to replace steps (a) through (h)

3. Process according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by the fact that the organic raw materials employed in the formulations of organic fertilisers are derived from castor mammon cake, cottonseed cake, sunflower cake, filter cake of a sugar cane plant,sugar cane bagasse, cotton waste, coffee husks, livestock manure, chicken manure (hen), poultry litter, manure from pigs, cattle rumen, cattle blood and wood ashes.

4. Process according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by the fact that the mineral raw materials employed in the formulations of organic fertilisers are natural phosphate, reactive natural phosphates, feldspar, limestone, gypsum, sulfur, vermiculite, marble dust, weathered minerals and basalt.

5. Process according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by the fact that the biological agent employed in step (i) is preferably humic and fulvic acids (AHF) and amino acids of fish and vegetables (AMF).

6. Process for producing an organic-mineral fertilizer characterized in that it comprises the steps of:
(a) grinding the organic matter through a chopper knives;

(b) sieve the organic matter through a rotary screen, (c) prepare the composition using a weighing hopper;
(d) transferring the weighed material into a blender or mill via a conveyor belt, (e) grind the material on a slicer;
(f) mix the material in a helical mixer;
(g) dry the material in a rotary drum dryer;
(h) the obtained material is grinded in a hammer mill;
(i) apply biological agents through a mixer biological activator, (j) transfer the formulated product to a granulator through a bucket elevator;
(k) process the powder formulated into granules with addition of water and biological elements in a granulator;
(l) dry the granules formed in the previous step in a rotary dryer, (m) classify the beads formed on a vibrating screen, (n) mill the coarse granules, which are disregarded, and return to the process, in a mill;
(o) transfer the milled granules and return to the process via a second belt conveyor;
(p) transfer the processed formulated product to bagging bins via a bucket elevator, (q) pack the formulated product in a bag in a bin receipt;
(r) condition the formulated product in its packaging in a bin receipt, and (s) drain the formulated product for packaging in a bin outlet.

7. A process according to claim 6, characterized by the fact of using a multiprocessor mill to replace steps (a) through (h).

8. Process according to claim 6 or 7, characterized by the fact that the organic raw materials employed in the formulations of organic fertilisers are derived from mammon cake, cottonseed cake, sunflower cake, filter cake of a sugar cane plant,sugar cane bagasse, cotton waste, coffee husks, livestock manure, chicken manure (hen), poultry litter, manure from pigs, cattle rumen, cattle blood and wood ashes

9. Process according to claim 6 or 7, characterized by the fact that the mineral raw materials employed in the formulations of organic fertilisers are natural phosphate, reactive natural phosphates, feldspar, limestone, gypsum, sulfur, vermiculite, marble dust, weathered minerals , basalt, urea, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, superphosphate, triple superphosphate, monoammonium phosphate (MAP), diammonium phosphate (DAP), potassium chloride and potassium nitrate.

10. Process according to claim 6 or 7, characterized by the fact that the biological agent employed in step (i) is preferably humic and fulvic acids (AHF) and amino acids from fish and vegetables (AMF).