CA2742431C - A surfactant, the preparation of the same and use thereof - Google Patents
A surfactant, the preparation of the same and use thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CA2742431C CA2742431C CA2742431A CA2742431A CA2742431C CA 2742431 C CA2742431 C CA 2742431C CA 2742431 A CA2742431 A CA 2742431A CA 2742431 A CA2742431 A CA 2742431A CA 2742431 C CA2742431 C CA 2742431C
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- monomer
- heavy oil
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- viscosity
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- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 4
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 125000004209 (C1-C8) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 125000004178 (C1-C4) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 125000004400 (C1-C12) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-cyanopropan-2-yldiazenyl)-2-methylpropanenitrile Chemical compound N#CC(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C#N OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- -1 octyl ester Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- CORMBJOFDGICKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-trimethoxy 2-vinyl benzene Natural products COC1=CC(OC)=C(C=C)C(OC)=C1 CORMBJOFDGICKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- PDELBHCVXBSVPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethenyl-1,3,5-trimethylbenzene Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=C(C=C)C(C)=C1 PDELBHCVXBSVPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- JLBJTVDPSNHSKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Methylstyrene Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 JLBJTVDPSNHSKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- IMROMDMJAWUWLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethenol Chemical compound OC=C IMROMDMJAWUWLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-Methylstyrene Chemical compound CC(=C)C1=CC=CC=C1 XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- OEVVKKAVYQFQNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenyl-2,4-dimethylbenzene Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(C=C)C(C)=C1 OEVVKKAVYQFQNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NVZWEEGUWXZOKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenyl-2-methylbenzene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C NVZWEEGUWXZOKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- JZHGRUMIRATHIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenyl-3-methylbenzene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(C=C)=C1 JZHGRUMIRATHIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003187 heptyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000740 n-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium benzoate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- QROGIFZRVHSFLM-QHHAFSJGSA-N [(e)-prop-1-enyl]benzene Chemical compound C\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 QROGIFZRVHSFLM-QHHAFSJGSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- QROGIFZRVHSFLM-KXFIGUGUSA-N [(z)-prop-1-enyl]benzene Chemical compound C\C=C/C1=CC=CC=C1 QROGIFZRVHSFLM-KXFIGUGUSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001603 reducing effect Effects 0.000 description 21
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 14
- 230000001804 emulsifying effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000004945 emulsification Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 3
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010794 Cyclic Steam Stimulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010795 Steam Flooding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 2
- 101100277337 Arabidopsis thaliana DDM1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010796 Steam-assisted gravity drainage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000033558 biomineral tissue development Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001222 biopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012662 bulk polymerization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000003889 chemical engineering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 101150113676 chr1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000032798 delamination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 1
- NVVZQXQBYZPMLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N formaldehyde;naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound O=C.C1=CC=C2C(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC=CC2=C1 NVVZQXQBYZPMLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017053 inorganic salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002563 ionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- NZIDBRBFGPQCRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C NZIDBRBFGPQCRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003129 oil well Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940051841 polyoxyethylene ether Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920000056 polyoxyethylene ether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000136 polysorbate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003871 sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011885 synergistic combination Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/58—Compositions for enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons, i.e. for improving the mobility of the oil, e.g. displacing fluids
- C09K8/584—Compositions for enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons, i.e. for improving the mobility of the oil, e.g. displacing fluids characterised by the use of specific surfactants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F220/04—Acids; Metal salts or ammonium salts thereof
- C08F220/06—Acrylic acid; Methacrylic acid; Metal salts or ammonium salts thereof
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Emulsifying, Dispersing, Foam-Producing Or Wetting Agents (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a surfactant and preparation and use thereof. The surfactant is formed by copolymerization of monomer (A) and monomer (B), said monomer (A) is one or more unsaturated monomers with strong lipophilic group, having the general formula (1), wherein R, R1 and R2, whether the same or different, represent H or C1-C12 alkyl; said monomer (B) is one or more unsaturated monomers with weak hydrophilic group, having the general formula (2), wherein R3 represents H or C1-C4 alkyl; A represents COOM, OM, or SO3M, and M represents H, Na+, K+, C1-C8 alkyl, C1-C8 alkyl ether or C1-C8 alkyl ester; wherein monomer (A) comprises from 10% to 90% by weight of the total weight of monomer (A) and monomer (B); and monomer (B) comprises from 10% to 90% by weight of the total weight of monomer (A) and monomer (B). The surfactant is used in exploitation, gathering and transportation of heavy oil having a viscosity of more than 2,000 mPa.s. (see formula 1)(see formula 2)
Description
A SURFACTANT, THE PREPARATION OF THE SAME AND USE THEREOF
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a macromolecule surfactant used for dispersing heavy oil in water and preventing heavy oil particles from aggregation so as to reduce viscosity and improve flowability of the heavy oil, and to the preparation and use thereof.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Among oil&gas resources of the world, common crude oil only accounts for about 30%, while heavy oil and ultra heavy oil resources account for 70% or so. The onshore heavy oil and asphalt resources also account for over 20% of the total oil resource in China. As the heavy oil and ultra heavy oil have the general properties of high viscosity, high density and high contents with resin & asphaltene, there are huge difficulties in exploitation and transportation of the ultra heavy oil. Since the exploitation of the heavy oil from 1960s, thermal recovery technology (i.e. heating method) and cold recovery technology of the heavy oil have been developed, wherein the main exploiting mode of the thermal recovery technology includes cyclic steam stimulation, steam flooding etc, and the main means of the cold recovery technology include blending light crude oil for viscosity reduction and chemical viscosity reduction etc. Most technologies have been widely used in heavy oil exploitation and good effects have been achieved. Among them, the research on reducing viscosity of heavy oil by emulsification with surfactant is most active, and it always is a focus of international research.
The principle of reducing viscosity by using surfactant can be classified as follows: (1) reducing viscosity by emulsification, that is, the viscosity is reduced by converting a W/O
emulsion phase to an O/W emulsion phase with surfactant; (2) reducing viscosity by demulsification, that is, in the presence of surfactant, a W/O emulsion is demulsified to form free water and the viscosity is reduced by forming "oil-in-water", "suspended oil" or "floating oil on water" according to the free water amount and flow rate; and (3) reducing viscosity by adsorption, that is, an aqueous solution of surfactant is injected into oil well so as to destroy the film of heavy oil on the surface of oil pipe or sucker rod, inverse the surface wettability thereof to be hydrophilic and form continuous water film thereby reducing the resistance of crude oil flow during the oil pumping. The three principles tend to exist simultaneously.
However, the dominant principle of reducing viscosity may vary with different surfactants and conditions.
The key point of reducing viscosity by emulsification is to form properly stable O/W
emulsion, which will not undergo demulsification and delamination during the whole exploitation process, while can be easily demulsified and dehydrated finally in the oil gathering station or oil refinery. Accordingly, the selected emulsifying viscosity reducer I
should have the following two characteristics: (1) it can emulsify the heavy oil well and form relatively stable O/W emulsion, or it can water-wet the oil pipe or sucker rod well and form stable water film; and (2) the formed O/W emulsion cannot be too stable, otherwise it will affect the next step of dehydration. In addition, the selected surfactant also should have the features of high efficiency, low price, sufficient supply and less consumption.
According to the charge after dissolution, the emulsifying viscosity reducer can be classified to four categories: anionic, cationic, ampholytic and non-ionic. According to the functional group carried by the surfactant, the emulsifying viscosity reducer can be classified to fatty acid salt (anionic), petroleum sulfonate (anionic), polyoxyethylene alkylphenol ether (non-ionic) and the like. Among them, carboxylate surfactant has relatively good emulsification effect on ultra heavy oil, while OP and Tween non-ionic surfactant have relatively good emulsification effect on common heavy oil. The commonly used emulsifying viscosity reducer comprises AE1910, J-50, GY-1, BN-99 and HRV and the like.
The surfactant used for incorporating active water into heavy oil comprises sodium alkylsulfonate, sodium alkylbenzenesulfonate and OP-10.
In recent years, the study on the formulation of emulsifying viscosity reducer is very active.
These emulsifying viscosity reducers mostly have formulation comprising multi-components, both non-ionic and ionic surfactants, in synergistic combinations. For a part of emulsifying viscosity reducers, their formulations additionally comprise alkali, C1-C4 alcohol, biopolymer and freezing point reducing agent.
Chinese Patent CN 1778862 discloses a composite emulsifying viscosity reducer comprising petroleum sulfonate formaldehyde condensate (anionic surfactant), alkylphenol or fatty acid salt-polyoxyethylene ether (nonionic-anionic surfactant) and demulsifier. US
Patent 5,934,303 discloses a process for emulsifying heavy oil with naphthalene sulfonate formaldehyde condensate. Wenhui MA etc. disclose (The Study on Heavy Crude Oil Sulfonates and Its Viscosity Reducing Property, Chemical Engineering of Oil and Gas, 2006, 35(1): 57-59) heavy oil sulfonate surfactant for reducing viscosity of heavy oil by emulsification, which is produced by using of the heavy oil of DAQING as raw material.
Qingdong WU etc. disclose (Development and Application of CR-1 Heavy Oil Viscosity Reducer in High Temperature Reservoirs) that a composite system comprising several non-ionic surfactants, alkali, additives and freezing point reducing agent is used as heavy oil viscosity reducer. Although the technologies above have certain effects on reducing viscosity of heavy oil by emulsification, it is well known that the technology of reducing viscosity of heavy oil by emulsification has not been used widely mainly due to the following reasons: (1) large amount of emulsifying viscosity reducers are used and then the cost is high; (2) reducing viscosity by emulsification needs vigorous stir to form stable O/W emulsion, which is difficult to achieve underground; (3) the system of reducing viscosity by emulsification is strong alkaline, which leads to higher requirement for device and pipe; (4) it is so difficult for emulsified heavy oil to undergo demulsification and dehydration, and it becomes more
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a macromolecule surfactant used for dispersing heavy oil in water and preventing heavy oil particles from aggregation so as to reduce viscosity and improve flowability of the heavy oil, and to the preparation and use thereof.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Among oil&gas resources of the world, common crude oil only accounts for about 30%, while heavy oil and ultra heavy oil resources account for 70% or so. The onshore heavy oil and asphalt resources also account for over 20% of the total oil resource in China. As the heavy oil and ultra heavy oil have the general properties of high viscosity, high density and high contents with resin & asphaltene, there are huge difficulties in exploitation and transportation of the ultra heavy oil. Since the exploitation of the heavy oil from 1960s, thermal recovery technology (i.e. heating method) and cold recovery technology of the heavy oil have been developed, wherein the main exploiting mode of the thermal recovery technology includes cyclic steam stimulation, steam flooding etc, and the main means of the cold recovery technology include blending light crude oil for viscosity reduction and chemical viscosity reduction etc. Most technologies have been widely used in heavy oil exploitation and good effects have been achieved. Among them, the research on reducing viscosity of heavy oil by emulsification with surfactant is most active, and it always is a focus of international research.
The principle of reducing viscosity by using surfactant can be classified as follows: (1) reducing viscosity by emulsification, that is, the viscosity is reduced by converting a W/O
emulsion phase to an O/W emulsion phase with surfactant; (2) reducing viscosity by demulsification, that is, in the presence of surfactant, a W/O emulsion is demulsified to form free water and the viscosity is reduced by forming "oil-in-water", "suspended oil" or "floating oil on water" according to the free water amount and flow rate; and (3) reducing viscosity by adsorption, that is, an aqueous solution of surfactant is injected into oil well so as to destroy the film of heavy oil on the surface of oil pipe or sucker rod, inverse the surface wettability thereof to be hydrophilic and form continuous water film thereby reducing the resistance of crude oil flow during the oil pumping. The three principles tend to exist simultaneously.
However, the dominant principle of reducing viscosity may vary with different surfactants and conditions.
The key point of reducing viscosity by emulsification is to form properly stable O/W
emulsion, which will not undergo demulsification and delamination during the whole exploitation process, while can be easily demulsified and dehydrated finally in the oil gathering station or oil refinery. Accordingly, the selected emulsifying viscosity reducer I
should have the following two characteristics: (1) it can emulsify the heavy oil well and form relatively stable O/W emulsion, or it can water-wet the oil pipe or sucker rod well and form stable water film; and (2) the formed O/W emulsion cannot be too stable, otherwise it will affect the next step of dehydration. In addition, the selected surfactant also should have the features of high efficiency, low price, sufficient supply and less consumption.
According to the charge after dissolution, the emulsifying viscosity reducer can be classified to four categories: anionic, cationic, ampholytic and non-ionic. According to the functional group carried by the surfactant, the emulsifying viscosity reducer can be classified to fatty acid salt (anionic), petroleum sulfonate (anionic), polyoxyethylene alkylphenol ether (non-ionic) and the like. Among them, carboxylate surfactant has relatively good emulsification effect on ultra heavy oil, while OP and Tween non-ionic surfactant have relatively good emulsification effect on common heavy oil. The commonly used emulsifying viscosity reducer comprises AE1910, J-50, GY-1, BN-99 and HRV and the like.
The surfactant used for incorporating active water into heavy oil comprises sodium alkylsulfonate, sodium alkylbenzenesulfonate and OP-10.
In recent years, the study on the formulation of emulsifying viscosity reducer is very active.
These emulsifying viscosity reducers mostly have formulation comprising multi-components, both non-ionic and ionic surfactants, in synergistic combinations. For a part of emulsifying viscosity reducers, their formulations additionally comprise alkali, C1-C4 alcohol, biopolymer and freezing point reducing agent.
Chinese Patent CN 1778862 discloses a composite emulsifying viscosity reducer comprising petroleum sulfonate formaldehyde condensate (anionic surfactant), alkylphenol or fatty acid salt-polyoxyethylene ether (nonionic-anionic surfactant) and demulsifier. US
Patent 5,934,303 discloses a process for emulsifying heavy oil with naphthalene sulfonate formaldehyde condensate. Wenhui MA etc. disclose (The Study on Heavy Crude Oil Sulfonates and Its Viscosity Reducing Property, Chemical Engineering of Oil and Gas, 2006, 35(1): 57-59) heavy oil sulfonate surfactant for reducing viscosity of heavy oil by emulsification, which is produced by using of the heavy oil of DAQING as raw material.
Qingdong WU etc. disclose (Development and Application of CR-1 Heavy Oil Viscosity Reducer in High Temperature Reservoirs) that a composite system comprising several non-ionic surfactants, alkali, additives and freezing point reducing agent is used as heavy oil viscosity reducer. Although the technologies above have certain effects on reducing viscosity of heavy oil by emulsification, it is well known that the technology of reducing viscosity of heavy oil by emulsification has not been used widely mainly due to the following reasons: (1) large amount of emulsifying viscosity reducers are used and then the cost is high; (2) reducing viscosity by emulsification needs vigorous stir to form stable O/W emulsion, which is difficult to achieve underground; (3) the system of reducing viscosity by emulsification is strong alkaline, which leads to higher requirement for device and pipe; (4) it is so difficult for emulsified heavy oil to undergo demulsification and dehydration, and it becomes more
2 difficult to deal with the waste water; (5) emulsifying viscosity reducers have high selectivity to heavy oils, which brings about great difference in the application effect;
and (6) there are not many emulsifying viscosity reducers which can be applied in the high temperature and high mineralization reservoir condition and the cost of production is very high. Accordingly, solving the above-mentioned issues becomes the key for large-scale application of the technology of reducing heavy oil viscosity by emulsification, and also is the trend of research and development of the technology for reducing heavy oil viscosity.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The object of the present invention is to prepare a macromolecular surfactant, which has the properties of both oil-soluble viscosity reducer and surfactant as follows:
(1) the function of strong lipophilic group is to render the macromolecular surfactant similar compatibility with heavy oil, and thus the macromolecular surfactant can be well adsorbed on the surface of heavy oil particles with certain adhesion; (2) the function of weak hydrophilic group is to form hydrophilic interfacial film with certain electronegativity on the surface of heavy oil particles adsorbed by macromolecular surfactant, there is certain repulsion force among the heavy oil particles, the heavy oil particles do not aggregate easily, such that they are dispersed in water, and the viscosity of heavy oil is dramatically reduced; (3) strong lipophilic and weak hydrophilic macromolecular surfactant must have proper molecular weight so that single macromolecule or several macromolecules of surfactant can form adsorption film around the surface of heavy oil particle, which is economic and efficient and also improves the adsorption stability; and (4) the penetrability and foamability are poor, and the capability to reduce surface tension and interfacial tension is weak, it substantially does not penetrate into the interior of the heavy oil particles and substantially does not form emulsified oil with heavy oil.
The instant heavy oil in water is broken into little particles, the strong lipophilic group of the macromolecular surfactant is adsorbed firmly on the surface of heavy oil particle, and the weak hydrophilic group of the macromolecular surfactant form hydrophilic film and form visible oil in water "heavy oil particle". The heavy oil particles covered by hydrophilic film are electrically repulsive with each other such that the heavy oil particles do not aggregate easily. The heavy oil particles are in dispersed state in water, which is supported only by a layer of water film. The whole system is in paste state and thus the viscosity of heavy oil is decreased dramatically. Consequently the macromolecular surfactant can be used in the field of heavy oil exploitation, gathering and transportation to achieve the purpose of reducing viscosity and improving flowability of the heavy oil.
The macromolecular surfactant of the present invention differs essentially from emulsifier and oil-soluble viscosity reducer in that: (1) although it has strong lipophilic group, the present macromolecular surfactant and oil-soluble viscosity reducer have different mechanisms: the macromolecular surfactant is merely adsorbed on the surface of heavy oil particle, and
and (6) there are not many emulsifying viscosity reducers which can be applied in the high temperature and high mineralization reservoir condition and the cost of production is very high. Accordingly, solving the above-mentioned issues becomes the key for large-scale application of the technology of reducing heavy oil viscosity by emulsification, and also is the trend of research and development of the technology for reducing heavy oil viscosity.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The object of the present invention is to prepare a macromolecular surfactant, which has the properties of both oil-soluble viscosity reducer and surfactant as follows:
(1) the function of strong lipophilic group is to render the macromolecular surfactant similar compatibility with heavy oil, and thus the macromolecular surfactant can be well adsorbed on the surface of heavy oil particles with certain adhesion; (2) the function of weak hydrophilic group is to form hydrophilic interfacial film with certain electronegativity on the surface of heavy oil particles adsorbed by macromolecular surfactant, there is certain repulsion force among the heavy oil particles, the heavy oil particles do not aggregate easily, such that they are dispersed in water, and the viscosity of heavy oil is dramatically reduced; (3) strong lipophilic and weak hydrophilic macromolecular surfactant must have proper molecular weight so that single macromolecule or several macromolecules of surfactant can form adsorption film around the surface of heavy oil particle, which is economic and efficient and also improves the adsorption stability; and (4) the penetrability and foamability are poor, and the capability to reduce surface tension and interfacial tension is weak, it substantially does not penetrate into the interior of the heavy oil particles and substantially does not form emulsified oil with heavy oil.
The instant heavy oil in water is broken into little particles, the strong lipophilic group of the macromolecular surfactant is adsorbed firmly on the surface of heavy oil particle, and the weak hydrophilic group of the macromolecular surfactant form hydrophilic film and form visible oil in water "heavy oil particle". The heavy oil particles covered by hydrophilic film are electrically repulsive with each other such that the heavy oil particles do not aggregate easily. The heavy oil particles are in dispersed state in water, which is supported only by a layer of water film. The whole system is in paste state and thus the viscosity of heavy oil is decreased dramatically. Consequently the macromolecular surfactant can be used in the field of heavy oil exploitation, gathering and transportation to achieve the purpose of reducing viscosity and improving flowability of the heavy oil.
The macromolecular surfactant of the present invention differs essentially from emulsifier and oil-soluble viscosity reducer in that: (1) although it has strong lipophilic group, the present macromolecular surfactant and oil-soluble viscosity reducer have different mechanisms: the macromolecular surfactant is merely adsorbed on the surface of heavy oil particle, and
3 substantially does not penetrate into the interior of heavy oil particle and the molecular numbers of colloid and asphaltene contained in the interior aggregation of heavy oil particle are not decreased; the macromolecular surfactant will not change the three-dimensional net structure formed by colloid and asphaltene in the interior of heavy oil particle, and will not change the structural viscosity in the interior of heavy oil particle; (2) since the macromolecular surfactant only contains weak hydrophilic group, thus its foamability is poor, it substantially will not emulsify the crude oil and it is easy to be demulsified, thereby greatly reducing the difficulty of disposing waste water; and (3) the macromolecular surfactant with proper molecular weight substantially will not undergo phase inversion, and thus there is no risk of viscosity increasing after phase inversion.
The macromolecular surfactant of the present invention is formed by the copolymerization of monomer (A) and monomer (B), said monomer (A) is one or more unsaturated monomers with strong lipophilic group, having the following general formula:
CHR1=CR2 R
wherein R, R1 and R2, whether the same or different, represent H or C1-CI2 alkyl. The selection of R, R1 and R2 mainly affects the lipophilicity of the macromolecular surfactant.
The lipophilicity of the macromolecular surfactant increases with increasing number of carbons. The selection of R and R2, especially the position of R is also relevant to the characteristic structure of heavy oil. Monomer (A) is selected from the group consisting of styrene, o-methylstyrene, m-methylstyrene, p-methylstyrene, a-methylstyrene, trans-(3-methylstyrene, 2,4-dimethylstyrene, cis-(3-methylstyrene, 2,4,6-trimethylstyrene and mixtures thereof.
Said monomer (B) is one or more unsaturated monomers with weak hydrophilic group, having the following general formula:
CH 2 = CR3 A
wherein R3 represents H or C1-C4 alkyl. A represents COOM, OM, or SO3M, and M
represents H, Na+, K+, C1-C8 alkyl, C1-C8 alkyl ether or C1-C8 alkyl ester.
The selection of R3 mainly affects the salt resistance of the macromolecular surfactant. The salt resistance of the macromolecular surfactant increases with increasing number of carbons. Monomer (B) is selected from the group consisting of (meth)acrylic acid (including sodium salt and potassium salt thereof), (meth)acrylic acid ester (including methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, amyl, hexyl, heptyl and octyl ester), vinyl alcohol and mixtures thereof.
Monomer (A) comprises from 10% to 90% by weight, preferably from 50% to 70% by weight of the total weight of monomer (A) and monomer (B).
The macromolecular surfactant of the present invention is formed by the copolymerization of monomer (A) and monomer (B), said monomer (A) is one or more unsaturated monomers with strong lipophilic group, having the following general formula:
CHR1=CR2 R
wherein R, R1 and R2, whether the same or different, represent H or C1-CI2 alkyl. The selection of R, R1 and R2 mainly affects the lipophilicity of the macromolecular surfactant.
The lipophilicity of the macromolecular surfactant increases with increasing number of carbons. The selection of R and R2, especially the position of R is also relevant to the characteristic structure of heavy oil. Monomer (A) is selected from the group consisting of styrene, o-methylstyrene, m-methylstyrene, p-methylstyrene, a-methylstyrene, trans-(3-methylstyrene, 2,4-dimethylstyrene, cis-(3-methylstyrene, 2,4,6-trimethylstyrene and mixtures thereof.
Said monomer (B) is one or more unsaturated monomers with weak hydrophilic group, having the following general formula:
CH 2 = CR3 A
wherein R3 represents H or C1-C4 alkyl. A represents COOM, OM, or SO3M, and M
represents H, Na+, K+, C1-C8 alkyl, C1-C8 alkyl ether or C1-C8 alkyl ester.
The selection of R3 mainly affects the salt resistance of the macromolecular surfactant. The salt resistance of the macromolecular surfactant increases with increasing number of carbons. Monomer (B) is selected from the group consisting of (meth)acrylic acid (including sodium salt and potassium salt thereof), (meth)acrylic acid ester (including methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, amyl, hexyl, heptyl and octyl ester), vinyl alcohol and mixtures thereof.
Monomer (A) comprises from 10% to 90% by weight, preferably from 50% to 70% by weight of the total weight of monomer (A) and monomer (B).
4 Monomer (B) comprises from 10% to 90% by weight, preferably from 30% to 50% by weight of the total weight of monomer (A) and monomer (B).
The initiator used in the polymerization of the present application is the commonly used initiator as disclosed in publication documents.
The polymerization in the present application is bulk polymerization as disclosed in publication documents. Monomer (A) and monomer (B) in proportion are added into a reactor with a stirrer and heated to 50 C-80 C with stirring. After that, 0.1-5 wt%
azobisisobutyronitrile based on the total weight of monomer (A) and monomer (B) is added to initiate polymerization for 2-4 hours so as to obtain the present macromolecular surfactant.
The application of the present macromolecular surfactant will not be influenced in the solution without limitation of inorganic salt content. Also, the stability of the present macromolecular surfactant will not be affected at the temperature of not higher than 200 C.
The present invention further relates to the use of the present macromolecular surfactant in exploitation, gathering and transportation of heavy oil having a viscosity of more than 2000 mPa=s to disperse the heavy oil, reduce viscosity and improve flowability of the heavy oil.
The macromolecular surfactant of the present invention has higher molecular weight, good film forming property, dispersity and stability. Single molecular or multimolecular adsorption film can be formed around the surface of the heavy oil particle. Moreover, its penetrability and foamability are poor and its capability of reducing surface tension and interfacial tension is weak. It substantially does not penetrate into the interior of the oil particle and substantially does not form emulsified oil with heavy oil. It can be used for dispersing heavy oil in water and preventing the aggregation of the heavy oil particles. Consequently, the present macromolecular surfactant can be used in the field of heavy oil exploitation, gathering and transportation to achieve the purpose of reducing viscosity and improving flowability of the heavy oil. It can be used for wellbore lifting, pipe gathering and transportation and canned transportation of heavy oil with viscosity (50 C) more than 2,000 mPa=s. It can also be applied to increase cyclic steam stimulation, steam drive and SAGD exploiting effect of heavy oil, as well as extend exploiting cycle. The feasibility of the application of water flood to improve the recovery ratio of heavy oil, even that of the common crude oil with viscosity (50 C) less than 2,000 mPa=s is to be explored.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Example I
80wt% of styrene and 20wt% of methacrylic acid monomers were charged into a reactor with a stirrer, and then heated to 65 C with stirring. Then 2wt% of azobisisobutyronitrile based on the total weight of monomers was added to initiate polymerization, and the polymerization was proceeded for three hours so as to obtain the present macromolecular surfactant.
Example 2 60wt% of a-methylstyrene and 40wt% of acrylic acid monomers were charged into a reactor with a stirrer, and then heated to 70 C with stirring. Then 4wt% of azobisisobutyronitrile based on the total weight of monomers was added to initiate polymerization, and the polymerization was proceeded for two hours so as to obtain the present macromolecular surfactant.
Example 3 40wt% of p-methylstyrene and 60wt% of vinyl alcohol monomers were charged into a reactor with a stirrer, and then heated to 60 C with stirring. Then lwt% of azobisisobutyronitrile based on the total weight of monomers was added to initiate polymerization, and the polymerization was proceeded for four hours so as to obtain the present macromolecular surfactant.
Example 4 20wt% of 2,4,6-trimethylstyrene, 30wt% of octyl methacrylate, and 50% of acrylic acid monomers were charged into a reactor with a stirrer, and then heated to 65 C
with stirring.
Then 3wt% of azobisisobutyronitrile based on the total weight of monomers was added to initiate polymerization, and the polymerization was proceeded for two hours so as to obtain the present macromolecular surfactant.
Example 5 The macromolecular surfactant thus obtained in Example 1 has a surface tension of 32 mN/m in 1% aqueous solution as measured by surface tension apparatus and a viscosity of 3.7 mPa-s in 5% aqueous solution as measured by Brookfield viscometer. It could be seen from the measuring results that the present macromolecular surfactant has a certain molecular weight and limited surface activity.
Example 6 The macromolecular surfactant thus obtained in Example 1 was added at 0.2%
concentration into heavy oil having a water content of 23% and stirred with glass rod at 50 C so that the viscosity of heavy oil was reduced from 30,000 mPa-s to 74.5 mPa.s. After kept at room temperature for 113 days, the viscosity becomes 350 mPa=s, which is much less than the required viscosity (less than 700 mPa-s) for heavy oil exploitation, gathering and transportation. The result shows that the present macromolecular surfactant can be used for dispersing heavy oil in water and preventing the aggregation of heavy oil particles so that it can be used in the field of heavy oil exploitation, gathering and transportation to achieve the purpose of reducing viscosity and improving flowability of the heavy oil.
The initiator used in the polymerization of the present application is the commonly used initiator as disclosed in publication documents.
The polymerization in the present application is bulk polymerization as disclosed in publication documents. Monomer (A) and monomer (B) in proportion are added into a reactor with a stirrer and heated to 50 C-80 C with stirring. After that, 0.1-5 wt%
azobisisobutyronitrile based on the total weight of monomer (A) and monomer (B) is added to initiate polymerization for 2-4 hours so as to obtain the present macromolecular surfactant.
The application of the present macromolecular surfactant will not be influenced in the solution without limitation of inorganic salt content. Also, the stability of the present macromolecular surfactant will not be affected at the temperature of not higher than 200 C.
The present invention further relates to the use of the present macromolecular surfactant in exploitation, gathering and transportation of heavy oil having a viscosity of more than 2000 mPa=s to disperse the heavy oil, reduce viscosity and improve flowability of the heavy oil.
The macromolecular surfactant of the present invention has higher molecular weight, good film forming property, dispersity and stability. Single molecular or multimolecular adsorption film can be formed around the surface of the heavy oil particle. Moreover, its penetrability and foamability are poor and its capability of reducing surface tension and interfacial tension is weak. It substantially does not penetrate into the interior of the oil particle and substantially does not form emulsified oil with heavy oil. It can be used for dispersing heavy oil in water and preventing the aggregation of the heavy oil particles. Consequently, the present macromolecular surfactant can be used in the field of heavy oil exploitation, gathering and transportation to achieve the purpose of reducing viscosity and improving flowability of the heavy oil. It can be used for wellbore lifting, pipe gathering and transportation and canned transportation of heavy oil with viscosity (50 C) more than 2,000 mPa=s. It can also be applied to increase cyclic steam stimulation, steam drive and SAGD exploiting effect of heavy oil, as well as extend exploiting cycle. The feasibility of the application of water flood to improve the recovery ratio of heavy oil, even that of the common crude oil with viscosity (50 C) less than 2,000 mPa=s is to be explored.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Example I
80wt% of styrene and 20wt% of methacrylic acid monomers were charged into a reactor with a stirrer, and then heated to 65 C with stirring. Then 2wt% of azobisisobutyronitrile based on the total weight of monomers was added to initiate polymerization, and the polymerization was proceeded for three hours so as to obtain the present macromolecular surfactant.
Example 2 60wt% of a-methylstyrene and 40wt% of acrylic acid monomers were charged into a reactor with a stirrer, and then heated to 70 C with stirring. Then 4wt% of azobisisobutyronitrile based on the total weight of monomers was added to initiate polymerization, and the polymerization was proceeded for two hours so as to obtain the present macromolecular surfactant.
Example 3 40wt% of p-methylstyrene and 60wt% of vinyl alcohol monomers were charged into a reactor with a stirrer, and then heated to 60 C with stirring. Then lwt% of azobisisobutyronitrile based on the total weight of monomers was added to initiate polymerization, and the polymerization was proceeded for four hours so as to obtain the present macromolecular surfactant.
Example 4 20wt% of 2,4,6-trimethylstyrene, 30wt% of octyl methacrylate, and 50% of acrylic acid monomers were charged into a reactor with a stirrer, and then heated to 65 C
with stirring.
Then 3wt% of azobisisobutyronitrile based on the total weight of monomers was added to initiate polymerization, and the polymerization was proceeded for two hours so as to obtain the present macromolecular surfactant.
Example 5 The macromolecular surfactant thus obtained in Example 1 has a surface tension of 32 mN/m in 1% aqueous solution as measured by surface tension apparatus and a viscosity of 3.7 mPa-s in 5% aqueous solution as measured by Brookfield viscometer. It could be seen from the measuring results that the present macromolecular surfactant has a certain molecular weight and limited surface activity.
Example 6 The macromolecular surfactant thus obtained in Example 1 was added at 0.2%
concentration into heavy oil having a water content of 23% and stirred with glass rod at 50 C so that the viscosity of heavy oil was reduced from 30,000 mPa-s to 74.5 mPa.s. After kept at room temperature for 113 days, the viscosity becomes 350 mPa=s, which is much less than the required viscosity (less than 700 mPa-s) for heavy oil exploitation, gathering and transportation. The result shows that the present macromolecular surfactant can be used for dispersing heavy oil in water and preventing the aggregation of heavy oil particles so that it can be used in the field of heavy oil exploitation, gathering and transportation to achieve the purpose of reducing viscosity and improving flowability of the heavy oil.
Claims (6)
1. A use of a surfactant in exploitation, gathering and transportation of heavy oil having a viscosity of more than 2000 mPa.cndot.s to disperse the heavy oil in water and prevent aggregation of heavy oil particles, reduce viscosity and improve flowability of the heavy oil in water;
wherein said surfactant is formed by copolymerization of monomer (A) and monomer (B), said monomer (A) is one or more unsaturated monomers with strong lipophilic group, having the following general formula:
wherein R, R1 and R2, whether the same or different, represent H or C1-C12 alkyl;
said monomer (B) is one or more unsaturated monomers with weak hydrophilic group, having the following general formula:
wherein R3 represents H or C1-C4 alkyl; A represents COOM, OM, or SO3M, and M
from COOM represents H, Na+ K+ or C1-C8 alkyl, and M from OM or SO3M
represents H, Na+, K+, C1-C8 alkyl, C1-C8 alkyl ether or C1-C8 alkyl ester;
and wherein monomer (A) comprises from 50% to 70% by weight of the total weight of monomer (A) and monomer (B); and monomer (B) comprises from 30% to 50% by weight of the total weight of monomer (A) and monomer (B).
wherein said surfactant is formed by copolymerization of monomer (A) and monomer (B), said monomer (A) is one or more unsaturated monomers with strong lipophilic group, having the following general formula:
wherein R, R1 and R2, whether the same or different, represent H or C1-C12 alkyl;
said monomer (B) is one or more unsaturated monomers with weak hydrophilic group, having the following general formula:
wherein R3 represents H or C1-C4 alkyl; A represents COOM, OM, or SO3M, and M
from COOM represents H, Na+ K+ or C1-C8 alkyl, and M from OM or SO3M
represents H, Na+, K+, C1-C8 alkyl, C1-C8 alkyl ether or C1-C8 alkyl ester;
and wherein monomer (A) comprises from 50% to 70% by weight of the total weight of monomer (A) and monomer (B); and monomer (B) comprises from 30% to 50% by weight of the total weight of monomer (A) and monomer (B).
2. The use according to claim 1, wherein said monomer (A) is selected from the group consisting of styrene, o-methylstyrene, m-methylstyrene, p-methylstyrene, .alpha.-methylstyrene, trans-.beta.-methylstyrene, 2,4-dimethylstyrene, cis-.beta.-methylstyrene, 2,4,6-trimethylstyrene and mixtures thereof.
3. The use according to claim 1, wherein said monomer (B) is selected from the group consisting of (meth)acrylic acid (meth)acrylic acid ester, vinyl alcohol and mixtures thereof.
4. The use according to claim 3, where the (meth)acrylic acid is a sodium salt or potassium salt thereof.
5. The use according to claim 3, wherein the (meth)acrylic acid ester is a methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, amyl, hexyl, heptyl or octyl ester.
6. The use according to claim 1, wherein said surfactant is prepared by the steps comprising:
charging monomer (A) and monomer (B) into a reactor with a stirrer in proportion as defined in claim 1 and heating to 50°C-80°C with stirring, adding 0.1-5wt% of azobisisobutyronitrile based on the total weight of monomer (A) and monomer (B) to initiate polymerization for 2-4 hours so as to obtain a macromolecular surfactant.
charging monomer (A) and monomer (B) into a reactor with a stirrer in proportion as defined in claim 1 and heating to 50°C-80°C with stirring, adding 0.1-5wt% of azobisisobutyronitrile based on the total weight of monomer (A) and monomer (B) to initiate polymerization for 2-4 hours so as to obtain a macromolecular surfactant.
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