CA2694383C - Security element having a plurality of optically variable structures - Google Patents
Security element having a plurality of optically variable structures Download PDFInfo
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- CA2694383C CA2694383C CA2694383A CA2694383A CA2694383C CA 2694383 C CA2694383 C CA 2694383C CA 2694383 A CA2694383 A CA 2694383A CA 2694383 A CA2694383 A CA 2694383A CA 2694383 C CA2694383 C CA 2694383C
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- embossed
- security element
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/40—Manufacture
- B42D25/405—Marking
- B42D25/425—Marking by deformation, e.g. embossing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/20—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof characterised by a particular use or purpose
- B42D25/29—Securities; Bank notes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
- B42D25/324—Reliefs
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- B42D2035/24—
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- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Accounting & Taxation (AREA)
- Finance (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Printing Methods (AREA)
- Credit Cards Or The Like (AREA)
- Polarising Elements (AREA)
- Eyeglasses (AREA)
- Prostheses (AREA)
- Mechanical Light Control Or Optical Switches (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a security element having an optically variable structure which has an embossed structure. Upon tilting the security element around an axis and thus alternating viewing from a first and second viewing angle range a tilt effect is produced which from the two different angles of view or under different angles of light incidence shows different colors or brightnesses. According to the invention, the optically variable structure has at least one second embossed structure which is disposed within the first embossed structure and in addition to the first tilt effect produces a second tilt effect. The second tilt effect here either occurs within the first or second viewing angle range or upon the transition from the first to the second or from the second to the first viewing angle range.
Description
Security element having a plurality of optically variable structures 100011 The invention relates to a security element having an optically variable structure which has an embossed structure. The embossed structure is combined with a coating contrasting to the surface of the security element in such a way that at least partial areas of the coating are visible upon viewing under a first viewing angle range, but are concealed upon viewing under a second viewing angle range.
Upon tilting the security element around an axis and thus alternating viewing from the first and the second viewing angle range thus a tilt effect is produced which from the two different angles of view or under different angles of light incidence shows different colors or brightnesses.
Upon tilting the security element around an axis and thus alternating viewing from the first and the second viewing angle range thus a tilt effect is produced which from the two different angles of view or under different angles of light incidence shows different colors or brightnesses.
[0002] Concerning this, for example, from WO 97/17211 a data carrier with an optically variable element is known which consists of an embossed structure and a coating in the form of a print image or line grid. The embossed structure or the coating here are supplemented by a partial change of their structure such that either an intensification of the already known optically variable effect takes place or at least one further visually recognizable effect occurs. The optically variable element is visually recognizable but due to its optically variable properties cannot be reproduced with the help of copying machines. Copying machines can render only one single viewing direction, so that the optically variable effect, i.e. the recognizability of different pieces of information under different viewing directions is lost. The known optically variable element therefore can serve as copy protection.
[0003] From WO 02/20280 Al an optically variable structure is known which consists of a coating and an embossed structure superimposed on said coating.
The entire area provided with coating and embossed printing is divided into partial areas, in which uniquely for the entire surface either the coating or the embossing are varied. The other part (embossing or coating) in all partial areas is formed in the same fashion, i.e. in all partial areas it has the same regularities.
Different partial embossed structures within the terms of WO 02/20280 Al are present, for example, when the partial embossed structures in the individual partial areas are disposed to each other in a phase-shifted fashion, have different grid spacings or have different orientation, i.e. the partial embossed structures extend at an angle to each other.
Additionally, the partial embossed structures in the individual partial areas can also be disposed mutually offset, the extending direction of the partial embossed structures remaining the same.
The entire area provided with coating and embossed printing is divided into partial areas, in which uniquely for the entire surface either the coating or the embossing are varied. The other part (embossing or coating) in all partial areas is formed in the same fashion, i.e. in all partial areas it has the same regularities.
Different partial embossed structures within the terms of WO 02/20280 Al are present, for example, when the partial embossed structures in the individual partial areas are disposed to each other in a phase-shifted fashion, have different grid spacings or have different orientation, i.e. the partial embossed structures extend at an angle to each other.
Additionally, the partial embossed structures in the individual partial areas can also be disposed mutually offset, the extending direction of the partial embossed structures remaining the same.
[0004] The invention is based on the object to improve the known security elements and in particular to further increase the protection from forgeries.
[0006] The invention here comprises a security element, a data carrier with a security element as well as an embossing tool for manufacturing a security element. The data carrier here is in particular a document of value, such as for example a bank note, a paper of value, a credit card, debit card or ID card, a passport, a deed and the like, a label, a packaging or another element for product protection.
[0007] According to the invention the optically variable structure has at least one second embossed structure which is disposed within the first embossed structure and additionally to the first tilt effect produces a second tilt effect.
Preferably, the second tilt effect here either occurs within the first or second viewing angle range of the first tilt effect or upon the transition from the first to the second or from the second to the first viewing angle range of the first tilt effect.
[0008] In the first alternative, i.e. upon the occurrence of the second tilt effect within the first or second viewing angle range, the second embossed structure is disposed at the first embossed structure such that it is visible within the first or second viewing angle range and hardly or not visible within the in each case other viewing angle range. A
viewer who views the security element according to the invention from that viewing angle range in which the second embossed structure is hardly or not visible thus merely sees the first embossed structure. From the other viewing angle range, however, the viewer additionally sees the second embossed structure and upon tilting the security element around a second axis, which is different from the first axis, the second tilt effect.
[0009] Especially preferred, the at least one second embossed structure here consists of second embossed elements, which are set in each case on a flank of the first embossed elements at a given angle. The second embossed elements thus protrude stub-like at a given angle out of a flank of the first embossed elements and cause on this side of the first embossed elements the second tilt effect. The angle with which the second embossed elements are set on a flank of the first embossed elements here corresponds to the angle between the first axis of the first tilt effect and the second axis of the second tilt effect.
[0010] Preferably, the first and second embossed structures are designed as grid structures and especially preferably as line grids with constant grid spacing, with a cross-sectional area which in particular is designed triangular, trapezoidal, sinusoidal or semicircular, and preferably have the form of three-dimensional line structures/wave structures or similar structures, such as e.g. reliefs, in a substrate.
The second embossed structures need not necessarily have the same cross-sectional area as the first embossed structures. Thus, for example, the first embossed structures can have a triangular cross-sectional area, whereas the cross-sectional area of the second embossed elements is semicircular.
[0011] In the second alternative, i.e. upon the occurrence of the second tilt effect upon the transition from the first to the second or from the second to the first viewing angle range, the at least one second embossed structure is incorporated in the first embossed elements by a partial change of the geometry of the first embossed elements. In this connection the first embossed elements preferably have a modulation of the height in longitudinal or transverse direction, of the width or of the inclination of the flanks, whereby the modulation of the width or the inclination of the flanks can be formed on one or the two sides of an embossed element. If a viewer now tilts the security element around the first axis, in the areas in which the second embossed structure is located there will appear, additionally to the first tilt effect, the second tilt effect.
[0012] For example, the first embossed elements may consist of two flanks disposed to each other in a wedge-like fashion which have different colors, and the second embossed structure is formed as a notch-like indentation at the point of the wedge in longitudinal direction of the point. The flanks of the indentation in turn have a color which contrasts to that of the adjoining flank of the first embossed elements. Upon tilting around the first axis a viewer thus first sees the first flank of the first embossed element and approximately at the end of the first viewing angle range additionally the first flank of the indentation which extends in parallel or nearly in parallel to the first flank of the first embossed element. Upon further tilting around the first axis the viewer also sees the second flanks of the first embossed element and of the indentation, until finally at first the first flank of the first embossed element and subsequently the second flank of the indentation are concealed by the second flank of the first embossed element. In the areas of the optically variable structure, however, in which no second embossed structure is located, upon tilting the security element around the first axis the viewer sees merely the two flanks of the first embossed structure, i.e. only the first tilt effect occurs.
[0013] The first and second embossed structures are preferably formed as blind embossing. Blind embossings are produced in one printing operation using a steel gravure printing plate. Upon the printing operation the paper is pressed into the recesses of the blind embossing areas and is lastingly deformed in this way.
The blind embossing areas of the printing plate, unlike print image areas, are not filled with ink, so that the substrate material of the security document in these areas is merely lastingly deformed, i.e. is embossed. Upon the viewing of blind embossings due to light- and shadow effects special three-dimensional optical impressions are rendered. Moreover, blind embossings with appropriate dimensions can also be easily detected tactilely.
[0014] When the embossed structures of the first or second embossed structures have different heights, the blind embossing is also referred to as halftone blind embossing.
100151 In addition, the blind embossing can also be produced by means of thermal processes. A substrate made of plastic material here is thermally deformed by action of heat, structures being representable finer than with a substrate made of paper. This method is used in particular with bank notes made of plastic material or cash cards, debit cards, credit cards, SIM cards, customer cards or the like.
[0016] In a further preferred embodiment the first and second embossed structures are formed as ink-carrying embossing. Here the optically variable effect of the security element is preserved, although instead of the blind embossing an ink-carrying embossing is used. I.e., the optically variable structure at least in partial areas has a second coating which also contrasts to the data carrier surface and is disposed congruent to the raised areas of the embossed structure. The second coating has the advantage that the embossed structure is stabilized without additional printing operation. In addition, such a security element has the advantage that it can be integrated into an intaglio printing motif and thus into the color design and concrete design of a surrounding motif.
[0017] Upon the manufacturing of an ink-carrying embossing the gravure lines of the printing plate are filled with ink. The excess ink is removed with the help of a wiping cylinder or a doctor blade from the printing plate such that the gravure lines are filled to the brim with ink. Upon the printing operation the data carrier to be printed, in the normal case paper, is finally pressed with a high pressure onto the printing plate by means of a pressure cylinder which has an elastic surface.
The data carrier here is pressed into the gravure lines of the printing plate which are filled with ink, and in this way comes in contact with the printing ink. Upon detaching the data carrier, the data carrier draws the printing ink from the recesses of the gravure lines. The thus produced print image has printed lines which vary in their ink layer thickness depending on the depth of the gravure. The data carrier is pressed into the recesses of the printing plate so strong, that it not only absorbs the color from the recesses but at the same time is also embossed.
[0018] In an especially preferred embodiment, the embossed structures have line-shaped embossed elements, which preferably can extend straight, but also wavy and/ or curved. A line-shaped embossed element is produced by a channel-like recess in the embossing plate or the embossing cylinder. The recess has a cross-sectional form such that embossed elements with at least two opposite flanks are produced and each of these flanks is visible from different directions. For example, a triangular form of the recess produces two flanks which upon perpendicular viewing are both visible. Upon oblique viewing only one flank is visible, since the respective other flank is concealed by the opposite visible flank. Upon alternating perpendicular and oblique viewing thus a tilt effect is produced.
[0019] Usually, the line-shaped grid structure of the coating and the line-shaped embossed elements are aligned in parallel to each other, so that on the one flank of the embossed structure there are disposed lines of a color and on the other flank lines of a different color. If a viewer looks obliquely onto the optically variable structure, depending on the viewing direction he will thus see one of the two colors, if he looks perpendicularly onto the optically variable structure, he will see both colors. By the interaction of coating and embossed structure thus a tilt effect with color change is produced.
[0020] In a further preferred embodiment the embossed structures have not line-shaped embossed elements, as they are known in particular from WO 2006/ 018232 Al. Not line-shaped embossed elements have flanks of plane and/ or curved surfaces, in particular the form of n-sided pyramids, tetrahedrons, frustums of a pyramid, segments of a cylinder, cones, conic sections, paraboloids, polyhedrons, cuboids, prisms, sectors of a sphere, segments of a sphere, spherical segments, hemispheres, barrel-shaped bodies or tori. But the not line-shaped embossed elements can also be formed as so-called divided torus, the torus being divided in parallel to that plane in which lies the large radius of the torus. Especially preferred, knob-like embossed elements in the form of segments of a sphere, or three- or four-sided pyramids are used. Not line-shaped embossed elements have the advantage that in a simple way more than two pieces of information can be placed in the optically variable element, which become visible under different viewing angles, since the not line-shaped embossed elements have a plurality of flanks on which the information or parts of the information can be disposed selectively and separate from each other.
[0021] The first and/or second embossed structures and/or the contrasting coating have at least one piece of information which is formed by the contour lines of the embossed or printed areas. This information has the form of a graphic image and/ or alphanumeric image and for example represents a number, a letter, a portrait, an animal, a plant, a landscape or a building.
[0022] The height and/ or lateral dimension of the embossed structures in particular because of the roughness of bank note paper must amount to more than 30 [im.
[0023] It is especially preferred, when the at least one second embossed structure is divided into individual partial areas, the second embossed structure acting as additional information. This second embossed structure, depending on the form, among other things can conceal, accentuate, matt or shadow individual partial areas.
Upon equal arrangement it has a clear information-supporting effect, upon tapering or disharmonious arrangement it can promote a tilt effect.
[0024] The coating is preferably formed as a flat single- or multi-colored print.
The multi-colored print here consists especially preferably of a line pattern in which the lines directly adjoin each other or are spaced apart. In the first case an area-covering line pattern preferably consisting of an alternating sequence of three lines in the colors cyan, magenta and yellow is applied to the data carrier. When the lines are spaced apart, the color of the data carrier's substrate preferably forms one of the lines of the line pattern. The two possibilities can also be combined. When, for example, there is printed onto a magenta-colored substrate an alternating sequence of two adjoining lines in the colors cyan and yellow, there being a gap between each line pair, the substrate forms the "lacking" third line of the sequence.
[0025] Usually, the lines of the individual colors are printed one after the other onto the substrate of the data carrier. In a first printing operation here at first all lines of a first color are printed, in a second printing operation all lines of a second color, in a third printing operation all lines of a third color etc. For each color a separate printing plate or a separate printing cylinder is used, to which the respective ink is applied and subsequently printed onto the substrate of the data carrier.
100261 In principle, all colors can also be printed in one single printing operation onto the substrate of the data carrier. In doing so, the individual inks are applied one after the other or at the same time to one single printing plate or one single printing cylinder and are subsequently printed onto the substrate of the data carrier.
[0027] The print is effected with usual printing methods, i.e. in particular by planographic printing, such as by offset process, by relief printing, such as e.g. by letterpress printing or by flexographic process, by screen printing, by gravure printing, such as e.g. by halftone gravure or by intaglio printing, or by a thermographic process, such as for example by thermal transfer process.
(0028] For the coating printing inks are preferably used which are completely opaque. Especially preferred, printing inks with high translucent behavior are also used, i.e. printing inks consisting of translucent lacquers with a certain portion of coloring pigments. Likewise, transparent lacquers can be used to which are added machine-readable features, such as for example luminescent substances, electrically conductive particles or IR- or x-ray-absorbing substances. The coating with machine-readable features here contrast to the surface of the security element, since this surface does not have the machine-readable features. Of course, the machine-readable features can also be component of translucent or opaque printing inks.
[0029] Preferably, the lines of the coating are formed as straight lines and especially preferably are disposed in parallel to each other. Likewise, the lines can also be formed as concentric circles or confocal ellipses or have oval, wave-shaped or any other forms. Additionally, a combination of a plurality of these embodiments is also possible.
100301 The at least one second embossed structure can also be combined with a second coating contrasting to the surface of the data carrier. Here on the first embossed structure the first coating is arranged and on the second embossed structure the second coating. Upon viewing the second embossed structure the viewer thus recognizes additional information which is disposed within the coating of the first embossed structure.
100311 The coating here is adjusted to the first and second embossed structure.
Thus, it is possible by way of example for colors or patterns to be selectively separated, intensified, weakened or deformed in an oblique view and thus for further additional information to be produced. In plan view or upon viewing the opposite flank this additional information remains hidden.
100321 Preferably, the coating and the embossed structures are set up with the same spatial frequency, i.e. the grid spacing of the embossed structures and of the coating is the same. But it is also possible to use only similar spatial frequencies so as to produce beat effects or moiré effects, or to entirely do without the interrelation of the spatial frequencies. As a result, further optical effects can be produced which do not become visible until viewing the element from different angles or under different angles of light incidence.
[0033] The two procedure steps of embossing and printing for the production of * the optically variable structure can be effected in any order. Thus, at first the embossed structure can be incorporated in the substrate of the data carrier and subsequently the coating be printed, or vice versa at first the coating is printed and subsequently the embossed structure incorporated in the substrate of the data carrier. The two procedure steps can also be effected at the same time in a joint procedure step.
[0034] The information incorporated on the security element by the embossing and the coating can consist of e.g. letters and/or numbers, but also any symbols, graphic elements or graphs, images, 1D- or 2D-codes or other patterns.
[0035] The substrate used for the security element can be of a single- or multi-layer design and can be coated, printed, pasted, lined, laminated or treated otherwise in a single- or multi-layer fashion at its surface or in the substrate. In addition, in and/ or to the substrate can be incorporated or applied further (also machine-readable) security substances which upon the production of the first and/or second tilt image are activable, coverable, partially destructible or removable.
These further security substances preferably produce a further tilt image here.
[0036] It shall be mentioned at this point that the security element may consist of any substrate suitable for the intaglio printing process. Paper and paper-like substrates are especially preferred. No conditions are attached to the type of the paper so that usual papers made of fibers of annual plants, in particular cotton fibers or cellulose fibers, can be used. Likewise, papers can be used which at least partially consist of plastic fibers, preferably polyamide fibers, i.e. which contain a portion of polymeric material approximately between 0 and 100 weight per cent.
The paper can also be combined on one side or on both sides with plastic foils.
[0037] The paper layer usually has a weight of 50 g/m2 to 100 g/m2, preferably g/m2 to 90 g/m2. Of course, depending on the application each suitable weight can be employed. The paper can be processed in a single-layer and also in a multi-layer fashion. With multi-layer papers the paper layers may consist of the same or of different kinds of paper and again be combined with plastic foils.
[0038] Furthermore, it is thinkable that the substrate material is a plastic foil, e.g.
a polyester foil. Furthermore, the foil can be stretched in a monoaxial or biaxial fashion. The stretching of the foil leads to the fact, among other things, that it receives polarizing properties which can be used as further security feature.
The aids required for utilizing these properties, such as polarizing filters, are known to the person skilled in the art.
[0039] The foil may also be formed as a patch covering a partial surface of the substrate or as a strip extending over the entire length or width of the security document. As materials for the foil first of all plastic materials, in particular PET
(polyethylene terephthalate), PBT (polybutylene terephthalate), PEN
(polyethylene naphthalate), PP (polypropylene), PA (polyamide), PE (polyethylene), are suitable.
Furthermore, the foil can be stretched in a monoaxial or biaxial fashion.
[0040] It may also be expedient when the substrate material is a multi-layer compound which has at least one layer made of paper or a paper-like material.
Such a compound is characterized by an extraordinarily great stability which is of great advantage for the durability of the security feature and, moreover, increases the forgery-proofness.
[0041] But it is also thinkable to employ a multi-layer, paper-free composite material as substrate material. These materials can also be advantageously employed in certain climate zones of the earth.
[0042] All materials employed as substrate material may have additives which serve as authenticity features. Here first of all luminescent substances are taken into consideration which in the visible wavelength range preferably are transparent and in the not visible wavelength range can be excited by a suitable aid, e.g. a UV- or IR-radiation emitting radiation source so as to produce a luminescence that is visible or at least detectable with aids. Other security features can also be employed advantageously, provided they do not or only slightly impair the viewing of the print.
[0043] Below/on top of the tilt-image elements there can be located further layers which represent a pattern or image, but substantially are adjusted in an areal fashion or to the present grid of the tilt image. In this way e.g. upon a straight top view the eye of the viewer may be distracted from the actual tilt information which then does not become distinct until the tilting.
[0044] The steepness of the flanks and of the first and second embossed elements influences the tearing behavior of the substrate. The steeper the particular flanks are formed, the stronger the substrate is embossed and extended in this area, so that reduction of the thickness of the substrate and thus of the tearing behavior occurs.
[0045] In addition, the angle between the longitudinal direction of the first embossed structure and the printing cylinder of the printing machine influences the danger of a paper injury during the manufacturing of the security element.
Thus, an angle of 00, i.e. the longitudinal direction of the first embossed structure is aligned in parallel to the printing cylinder, involves a special danger of paper injury. But, however, it leads to an especially preferred tilting behavior, since the security element, e.g. a bank note, does not have to be rotated around the axis towards the viewer to directly obtain a tilt image. Therefore, an angle of approximately 10 or approximately 45 is preferably used. If the first embossed elements are not formed straight but for example wave-shaped, the longitudinal direction of the first embossed elements refers to the average longitudinal direction of the first embossed elements.
[0046] The embossed structures according to the invention are produced by an embossing tool having first recesses in which at least partially are incorporated second recesses. Here the second recesses either are incorporated in the first recesses by a partial change of the geometry of the first recesses or are set in each case on a flank of the first recesses at a given angle, so that they correspond with the particular embossed structures of the security element.
[0047] Preferably, the embossing tool is an embossing die or a printing plate, in particular an intaglio printing plate, the recesses of which are formed as a gravure in the surface of the embossing tool. The cross-sectional area of the gravures here is designed triangular, trapezoidal, sinusoidal or semicircular.
[0048] Especially preferred, the first and second recesses are incorporated with a graver and/or with a laser and/or with an etching method in separate processes or in one process in the surface of the embossing tool. The depth of the recesses here amounts to approximately 50% of the width of the recesses, in particular 10 [tm to 250 pm, preferably 50 p.m to 120 pm and especially preferably 60 in to 100 m.
100491 The graving tool is responsible for the flank steepness here. Thus, it is possible by a variation of the engraving tool by way of example in the simplest fon-n for the right flank to be processed with a separate tool having a steep angle, and the left flank to be given a wide flat flank run-out with a flat tool.
[0050] The substantial advantage of the invention is the creation of an integrated additional information in the form of a second tilt effect, which is produced by a second embossed structure within the flanks or on the flanks of the first embossed elements. This additional information can be additionally supported by a suitable arrangement of the coating. According to the invention, thus a clear allocation of a second information is effected within the embossed geometry of the first embossed structure. By the special structure of the coating and the second embossed structure within the first embossed structure a viewer perceives a change of the interaction against the surroundings.
[0051] Advantageously, thus, security elements for data carriers are provided which combine two tilt effects with each other and can be manufactured with the machine standards and speed standards of a typical printer shop.
[0052] Further advantages of the invention are the realization of linear or nonlinear color shift effects as well as the implementation of many color combinations by using or partially using existing colors within the data carrier manufacturing. In addition, a good perceptibility of the tilt effects according to the invention results for a man on the street or a consumer without aids.
[0053] The security element according to the invention in particular serves to increase the forgery-proofness of documents of value, such as for example bank notes, checks, share certificates, identity documents, admission tickets, tickets, deeds, credit cards, check cards and the like.
[0054] The optically variable structure according to the invention is combinable in particular within a document of value with any other security feature.
Thus, the optically variable structure according to the invention can be arranged for example on top of a security thread, be combined with a hologram or other diffractive structures or be disposed beside or overlapping with other optically variable structures.
[0055] With reference to the following examples and complementary Figures the advantages of the invention and various preferred embodiments of the invention are explained. The following Figures schematically show in detail:
[0056] Fig. 1 shows an optically variable structure according to the invention which consists of a first embossed structure in which is incorporated a second embossed structure, [0057] Fig. 2 shows a combination of coating and embossed structure by the example of three first embossed elements, [0058] Fig. 3 shows a combination of coating and embossed structure by the example of a large-surface arrangement of first embossed elements, [0059] Fig. 4 shows different views of the combination in Fig. 3 from different viewing directions, [0060] Fig. 5 shows different embodiments of single- and multi-colored coatings.
[0061] For clarity's sake the embodiments described in the following examples are reduced to the substantial core information and the representations in the Figures are strongly schematized and do not reflect the actual realities.
Primarily, the proportions shown in the Figures do not correspond to the dimensions present in reality and exclusively serve for the improvement of clarity. In practical application substantially more complex patterns or images in single- or multi-color printing can be used as a coating. The same applies to the embossed structures. The information represented in the following examples can also be replaced by image information or text information as elaborate as desired.
[0062] The examples represent preferred embodiments to which, however, the invention shall be in no way restricted. In particular, the various embodiments are not restricted to being used in the described form, but can also be combined with one another to enhance the effects.
[0063] Fig.1 shows an optically variable structure according to the invention which consists of first embossed elements 1 in which is incorporated a second embossed structure. A single first embossed element 1 has a triangular cross-sectional area so that the embossed element 1 assumes the form of a horizontal wedge with two oblique flanks. In particular the two flanks have different colors.
[0064] According to Fig. la to lc the second embossed structure 2 is incorporated in the first embossed element 1 by a partial change of the geometry of the first embossed element 1.
[0065] According to Fig. 1 a the second embossed structure 2 is incorporated in longitudinal direction as modulation of the height of the first embossed element 1.
The upper edge of the first embossed element 1 here has wave-shaped indentations, so that in the area of the indentations the inclination of the flanks is reduced. If light falls perpendicular from above on the first embossed element 1, it impinges on differently strong inclined flanks and thus is reflected in different angle ranges. The tilt effect upon tilting the security element around the longitudinal axis of the first embossed element 1 thus turns out to be differently strong along the longitudinal axis.
[0066] According to Fig. lb the second embossed structure 2 is incorporated in transverse direction as modulation of the height of the first embossed element 1.
Here in certain areas the upper edge of the first embossed element 1 is flattened.
This flattened area can have e.g. a color different from that of the flanks, so that upon tilting the security element around the longitudinal axis of the first embossed element 1, in addition to the tilt effect of the flanks, upon plan view onto the flattened area its color will appear. In the areas of the optically variable structure, however, in which no second embossed structure 2 is located, upon tilting the security element around the first axis the viewer sees merely the two flanks of the first embossed structure 1, i.e. only the first tilt effect occurs.
[0067] According to Fig. lc the second embossed structure 2 is formed as notch-like indentation at the point of the wedge in longitudinal direction of the point. The embossed structure 2 here forms a longitudinal groove in parallel to the upper edge of the first embossed element 1. The flanks of the indentation or longitudinal groove have a color which contrasts to that of the adjoining flank of the first embossed element 1. Upon tilting around the first axis a viewer thus first sees the first flank of the first embossed element 1 and approximately at the end of the first viewing angle range additionally the first flank of the indentation which extends in parallel or nearly in parallel to the first flank of the first embossed element. Upon further tilting around the first axis the viewer also sees the second flanks of the first embossed element 1 and of the indentation, until finally at first the first flank of the first embossed element 1 and subsequently the second flank of the indentation are concealed by the second flank of the first embossed element.
[0068] According to Fig. ld to lg the second embossed structure consists of second embossed elements 3, 4, 5, or 6 which are set in each case on a flank of the first embossed element 1 at a given angle. The second embossed element can be designed by way of example as quadrant- or quarter-ellipse-shaped embossed element 3 according to Fig.
ld, any other segments or parts of a sphere or ellipse also being possible, wedge-shaped embossed element 4 according to Fig. le which stands on its cross-sectional area and with a flank adjoins the first embossed element, pyramidal embossed element 5 according to Fig. lf or wedge-shaped embossed element 6 according to Fig. lg which stands on one of its three flanks and with its cross-sectional area adjoins the first embossed element.
[0069] Here the second embossed elements 3, 4, 5, or 6 can be disposed with their longitudinal axis perpendicular, such as shown e.g. in Fig. lg, or also oblique at any angle to the longitudinal axis of the first embossed element 1.
[0070] Fig. 2 shows a combination of coating and embossed structure by the example of three first embossed elements 1. The upper image of Fig. 2a and Fig. 2b shows the coating, the central image the combination of coating and embossed structure in side view and the lower image the combination of coating and embossed structure in view from obliquely above.
[0071] The coating is formed, according to Fig. 2a, as continuous strips 8 which are aligned in parallel to the longitudinal axis of the first embossed elements 1, and as discontinuous strips 7 which are formed in parallel to the longitudinal axis of the second embossed elements 4. The discontinuous strips 7 are printed onto a flank of the second embossed elements 2 and the continuous strips 8 are printed onto that flank of the first embossed elements 1 which is located opposite the second embossed elements 4. Alternatively, the coating can also be formed, according to Fig. 2b, as continuous strips 9 which are aligned in parallel to the longitudinal axis of the second embossed elements 4. The continuous strips 8 are printed without spacing onto a side of the flanks of the second embossed elements 2, the flank of the first embossed elements 1 which is located opposite the second embossed elements 4 remains free.
[0072] Thus, the result is an additional tilt effect upon rotating the security element around its vertical axis, i.e. the axis which stands perpendicular on the surface of the security element. In an angle range merely the flank of the second embossed elements 4 printed with the discontinuous strips 7 or the continuous strips 9 is visible, in a different angle range merely the not printed flank.
[0073] Fig. 3 shows a combination of coating and embossed structure by the example of a large-surface arrangement of first embossed elements corresponding to Fig. 2a. Here, according to Fig. 3b to Fig. 3d, to a coating in the form of a background print 10 is allocated a first embossed structure in the form of first embossed elements 1. The second embossed structure in the form of second embossed elements 4 shows additional information 11 which in this embodiment is formed as a rectangle or number or letter õI". Fig. 3e shows a single optically variable element as a detail from Fig. 3d.
100741 For a viewer who views the optically variable structure according to Fig.
3, now according to Fig. 4 from different viewing directions A, B and C
different views are rendered. Thus, according to Fig. 4b from viewing direction A there is recognizable a continuous horizontal strip 8 on the flank of the first embossed structure 1 and from viewing direction B a regularly disposed pattern of discontinuous strips 7 and spacings which is also continued on the flanks of the second embossed structure 4 disposed in the first embossed structure 1. From viewing direction C on the flank of the first embossed structure 1 there is further recognizable the regularly disposed pattern of discontinuous strips 7 and spacings.
On the flanks of the second embossed structure, however, when viewed from this viewing direction there is located no print, so that in this area there is visible a gap in the form of the additional information 11.
[0075] In Fig. 5 there are shown different embodiments of single- and multi-colored coatings. The colored coating here due to reasons of representation is realized in different grey scale values and hatchings. The schematic representation thus can vary in color, have more filigree elements, e.g. micro lines or also points, fragments or special characters. An embodiment could represent the black surface as primary color cyan, the grey surface magenta and the hatched surface yellow. A
limitation of the colors does theoretically not exist.
[0076] Fig. 5a here shows a single-colored coating which is formed as single-colored strips with a grid distance X and a width smaller than the grid distance X.
Between the individual strips there is no color applied, so that in these areas the color of the substrate emerges.
[0077] In Fig. 5b the coating is formed by an alternating sequence of two, in Fig.
5f of three differently colored strips. The grid distance of the strips is larger than the width of the strips, so that between the individual strips there is a gap. In each of the gaps between the individual strips there is no color applied, so that in these areas the color of the substrate emerges. In Fig. 5c and Fig. 5e there is no gap between the individual strips, so that the individual strips adjoin each other.
[0078] In Fig. 5d and Fig. 5g the multi-colored coating is formed by a single-colored background print, on top of which is printed a single-colored line pattern according to Fig. 5a or a multi-colored line pattern according to Fig. 5b.
[0079] Fig. 5h and Fig. Si, however, show a multi-colored background print _ according to Fig. Se or Fig. 5f, on top of which is printed a single-colored strip-shaped coating corresponding to Fig. 5a.
[0080] In Fig. 5j there is finally shown a coating which is formed from an alternating sequence of strips and pattern elements, such as circles and rectangles.
[0006] The invention here comprises a security element, a data carrier with a security element as well as an embossing tool for manufacturing a security element. The data carrier here is in particular a document of value, such as for example a bank note, a paper of value, a credit card, debit card or ID card, a passport, a deed and the like, a label, a packaging or another element for product protection.
[0007] According to the invention the optically variable structure has at least one second embossed structure which is disposed within the first embossed structure and additionally to the first tilt effect produces a second tilt effect.
Preferably, the second tilt effect here either occurs within the first or second viewing angle range of the first tilt effect or upon the transition from the first to the second or from the second to the first viewing angle range of the first tilt effect.
[0008] In the first alternative, i.e. upon the occurrence of the second tilt effect within the first or second viewing angle range, the second embossed structure is disposed at the first embossed structure such that it is visible within the first or second viewing angle range and hardly or not visible within the in each case other viewing angle range. A
viewer who views the security element according to the invention from that viewing angle range in which the second embossed structure is hardly or not visible thus merely sees the first embossed structure. From the other viewing angle range, however, the viewer additionally sees the second embossed structure and upon tilting the security element around a second axis, which is different from the first axis, the second tilt effect.
[0009] Especially preferred, the at least one second embossed structure here consists of second embossed elements, which are set in each case on a flank of the first embossed elements at a given angle. The second embossed elements thus protrude stub-like at a given angle out of a flank of the first embossed elements and cause on this side of the first embossed elements the second tilt effect. The angle with which the second embossed elements are set on a flank of the first embossed elements here corresponds to the angle between the first axis of the first tilt effect and the second axis of the second tilt effect.
[0010] Preferably, the first and second embossed structures are designed as grid structures and especially preferably as line grids with constant grid spacing, with a cross-sectional area which in particular is designed triangular, trapezoidal, sinusoidal or semicircular, and preferably have the form of three-dimensional line structures/wave structures or similar structures, such as e.g. reliefs, in a substrate.
The second embossed structures need not necessarily have the same cross-sectional area as the first embossed structures. Thus, for example, the first embossed structures can have a triangular cross-sectional area, whereas the cross-sectional area of the second embossed elements is semicircular.
[0011] In the second alternative, i.e. upon the occurrence of the second tilt effect upon the transition from the first to the second or from the second to the first viewing angle range, the at least one second embossed structure is incorporated in the first embossed elements by a partial change of the geometry of the first embossed elements. In this connection the first embossed elements preferably have a modulation of the height in longitudinal or transverse direction, of the width or of the inclination of the flanks, whereby the modulation of the width or the inclination of the flanks can be formed on one or the two sides of an embossed element. If a viewer now tilts the security element around the first axis, in the areas in which the second embossed structure is located there will appear, additionally to the first tilt effect, the second tilt effect.
[0012] For example, the first embossed elements may consist of two flanks disposed to each other in a wedge-like fashion which have different colors, and the second embossed structure is formed as a notch-like indentation at the point of the wedge in longitudinal direction of the point. The flanks of the indentation in turn have a color which contrasts to that of the adjoining flank of the first embossed elements. Upon tilting around the first axis a viewer thus first sees the first flank of the first embossed element and approximately at the end of the first viewing angle range additionally the first flank of the indentation which extends in parallel or nearly in parallel to the first flank of the first embossed element. Upon further tilting around the first axis the viewer also sees the second flanks of the first embossed element and of the indentation, until finally at first the first flank of the first embossed element and subsequently the second flank of the indentation are concealed by the second flank of the first embossed element. In the areas of the optically variable structure, however, in which no second embossed structure is located, upon tilting the security element around the first axis the viewer sees merely the two flanks of the first embossed structure, i.e. only the first tilt effect occurs.
[0013] The first and second embossed structures are preferably formed as blind embossing. Blind embossings are produced in one printing operation using a steel gravure printing plate. Upon the printing operation the paper is pressed into the recesses of the blind embossing areas and is lastingly deformed in this way.
The blind embossing areas of the printing plate, unlike print image areas, are not filled with ink, so that the substrate material of the security document in these areas is merely lastingly deformed, i.e. is embossed. Upon the viewing of blind embossings due to light- and shadow effects special three-dimensional optical impressions are rendered. Moreover, blind embossings with appropriate dimensions can also be easily detected tactilely.
[0014] When the embossed structures of the first or second embossed structures have different heights, the blind embossing is also referred to as halftone blind embossing.
100151 In addition, the blind embossing can also be produced by means of thermal processes. A substrate made of plastic material here is thermally deformed by action of heat, structures being representable finer than with a substrate made of paper. This method is used in particular with bank notes made of plastic material or cash cards, debit cards, credit cards, SIM cards, customer cards or the like.
[0016] In a further preferred embodiment the first and second embossed structures are formed as ink-carrying embossing. Here the optically variable effect of the security element is preserved, although instead of the blind embossing an ink-carrying embossing is used. I.e., the optically variable structure at least in partial areas has a second coating which also contrasts to the data carrier surface and is disposed congruent to the raised areas of the embossed structure. The second coating has the advantage that the embossed structure is stabilized without additional printing operation. In addition, such a security element has the advantage that it can be integrated into an intaglio printing motif and thus into the color design and concrete design of a surrounding motif.
[0017] Upon the manufacturing of an ink-carrying embossing the gravure lines of the printing plate are filled with ink. The excess ink is removed with the help of a wiping cylinder or a doctor blade from the printing plate such that the gravure lines are filled to the brim with ink. Upon the printing operation the data carrier to be printed, in the normal case paper, is finally pressed with a high pressure onto the printing plate by means of a pressure cylinder which has an elastic surface.
The data carrier here is pressed into the gravure lines of the printing plate which are filled with ink, and in this way comes in contact with the printing ink. Upon detaching the data carrier, the data carrier draws the printing ink from the recesses of the gravure lines. The thus produced print image has printed lines which vary in their ink layer thickness depending on the depth of the gravure. The data carrier is pressed into the recesses of the printing plate so strong, that it not only absorbs the color from the recesses but at the same time is also embossed.
[0018] In an especially preferred embodiment, the embossed structures have line-shaped embossed elements, which preferably can extend straight, but also wavy and/ or curved. A line-shaped embossed element is produced by a channel-like recess in the embossing plate or the embossing cylinder. The recess has a cross-sectional form such that embossed elements with at least two opposite flanks are produced and each of these flanks is visible from different directions. For example, a triangular form of the recess produces two flanks which upon perpendicular viewing are both visible. Upon oblique viewing only one flank is visible, since the respective other flank is concealed by the opposite visible flank. Upon alternating perpendicular and oblique viewing thus a tilt effect is produced.
[0019] Usually, the line-shaped grid structure of the coating and the line-shaped embossed elements are aligned in parallel to each other, so that on the one flank of the embossed structure there are disposed lines of a color and on the other flank lines of a different color. If a viewer looks obliquely onto the optically variable structure, depending on the viewing direction he will thus see one of the two colors, if he looks perpendicularly onto the optically variable structure, he will see both colors. By the interaction of coating and embossed structure thus a tilt effect with color change is produced.
[0020] In a further preferred embodiment the embossed structures have not line-shaped embossed elements, as they are known in particular from WO 2006/ 018232 Al. Not line-shaped embossed elements have flanks of plane and/ or curved surfaces, in particular the form of n-sided pyramids, tetrahedrons, frustums of a pyramid, segments of a cylinder, cones, conic sections, paraboloids, polyhedrons, cuboids, prisms, sectors of a sphere, segments of a sphere, spherical segments, hemispheres, barrel-shaped bodies or tori. But the not line-shaped embossed elements can also be formed as so-called divided torus, the torus being divided in parallel to that plane in which lies the large radius of the torus. Especially preferred, knob-like embossed elements in the form of segments of a sphere, or three- or four-sided pyramids are used. Not line-shaped embossed elements have the advantage that in a simple way more than two pieces of information can be placed in the optically variable element, which become visible under different viewing angles, since the not line-shaped embossed elements have a plurality of flanks on which the information or parts of the information can be disposed selectively and separate from each other.
[0021] The first and/or second embossed structures and/or the contrasting coating have at least one piece of information which is formed by the contour lines of the embossed or printed areas. This information has the form of a graphic image and/ or alphanumeric image and for example represents a number, a letter, a portrait, an animal, a plant, a landscape or a building.
[0022] The height and/ or lateral dimension of the embossed structures in particular because of the roughness of bank note paper must amount to more than 30 [im.
[0023] It is especially preferred, when the at least one second embossed structure is divided into individual partial areas, the second embossed structure acting as additional information. This second embossed structure, depending on the form, among other things can conceal, accentuate, matt or shadow individual partial areas.
Upon equal arrangement it has a clear information-supporting effect, upon tapering or disharmonious arrangement it can promote a tilt effect.
[0024] The coating is preferably formed as a flat single- or multi-colored print.
The multi-colored print here consists especially preferably of a line pattern in which the lines directly adjoin each other or are spaced apart. In the first case an area-covering line pattern preferably consisting of an alternating sequence of three lines in the colors cyan, magenta and yellow is applied to the data carrier. When the lines are spaced apart, the color of the data carrier's substrate preferably forms one of the lines of the line pattern. The two possibilities can also be combined. When, for example, there is printed onto a magenta-colored substrate an alternating sequence of two adjoining lines in the colors cyan and yellow, there being a gap between each line pair, the substrate forms the "lacking" third line of the sequence.
[0025] Usually, the lines of the individual colors are printed one after the other onto the substrate of the data carrier. In a first printing operation here at first all lines of a first color are printed, in a second printing operation all lines of a second color, in a third printing operation all lines of a third color etc. For each color a separate printing plate or a separate printing cylinder is used, to which the respective ink is applied and subsequently printed onto the substrate of the data carrier.
100261 In principle, all colors can also be printed in one single printing operation onto the substrate of the data carrier. In doing so, the individual inks are applied one after the other or at the same time to one single printing plate or one single printing cylinder and are subsequently printed onto the substrate of the data carrier.
[0027] The print is effected with usual printing methods, i.e. in particular by planographic printing, such as by offset process, by relief printing, such as e.g. by letterpress printing or by flexographic process, by screen printing, by gravure printing, such as e.g. by halftone gravure or by intaglio printing, or by a thermographic process, such as for example by thermal transfer process.
(0028] For the coating printing inks are preferably used which are completely opaque. Especially preferred, printing inks with high translucent behavior are also used, i.e. printing inks consisting of translucent lacquers with a certain portion of coloring pigments. Likewise, transparent lacquers can be used to which are added machine-readable features, such as for example luminescent substances, electrically conductive particles or IR- or x-ray-absorbing substances. The coating with machine-readable features here contrast to the surface of the security element, since this surface does not have the machine-readable features. Of course, the machine-readable features can also be component of translucent or opaque printing inks.
[0029] Preferably, the lines of the coating are formed as straight lines and especially preferably are disposed in parallel to each other. Likewise, the lines can also be formed as concentric circles or confocal ellipses or have oval, wave-shaped or any other forms. Additionally, a combination of a plurality of these embodiments is also possible.
100301 The at least one second embossed structure can also be combined with a second coating contrasting to the surface of the data carrier. Here on the first embossed structure the first coating is arranged and on the second embossed structure the second coating. Upon viewing the second embossed structure the viewer thus recognizes additional information which is disposed within the coating of the first embossed structure.
100311 The coating here is adjusted to the first and second embossed structure.
Thus, it is possible by way of example for colors or patterns to be selectively separated, intensified, weakened or deformed in an oblique view and thus for further additional information to be produced. In plan view or upon viewing the opposite flank this additional information remains hidden.
100321 Preferably, the coating and the embossed structures are set up with the same spatial frequency, i.e. the grid spacing of the embossed structures and of the coating is the same. But it is also possible to use only similar spatial frequencies so as to produce beat effects or moiré effects, or to entirely do without the interrelation of the spatial frequencies. As a result, further optical effects can be produced which do not become visible until viewing the element from different angles or under different angles of light incidence.
[0033] The two procedure steps of embossing and printing for the production of * the optically variable structure can be effected in any order. Thus, at first the embossed structure can be incorporated in the substrate of the data carrier and subsequently the coating be printed, or vice versa at first the coating is printed and subsequently the embossed structure incorporated in the substrate of the data carrier. The two procedure steps can also be effected at the same time in a joint procedure step.
[0034] The information incorporated on the security element by the embossing and the coating can consist of e.g. letters and/or numbers, but also any symbols, graphic elements or graphs, images, 1D- or 2D-codes or other patterns.
[0035] The substrate used for the security element can be of a single- or multi-layer design and can be coated, printed, pasted, lined, laminated or treated otherwise in a single- or multi-layer fashion at its surface or in the substrate. In addition, in and/ or to the substrate can be incorporated or applied further (also machine-readable) security substances which upon the production of the first and/or second tilt image are activable, coverable, partially destructible or removable.
These further security substances preferably produce a further tilt image here.
[0036] It shall be mentioned at this point that the security element may consist of any substrate suitable for the intaglio printing process. Paper and paper-like substrates are especially preferred. No conditions are attached to the type of the paper so that usual papers made of fibers of annual plants, in particular cotton fibers or cellulose fibers, can be used. Likewise, papers can be used which at least partially consist of plastic fibers, preferably polyamide fibers, i.e. which contain a portion of polymeric material approximately between 0 and 100 weight per cent.
The paper can also be combined on one side or on both sides with plastic foils.
[0037] The paper layer usually has a weight of 50 g/m2 to 100 g/m2, preferably g/m2 to 90 g/m2. Of course, depending on the application each suitable weight can be employed. The paper can be processed in a single-layer and also in a multi-layer fashion. With multi-layer papers the paper layers may consist of the same or of different kinds of paper and again be combined with plastic foils.
[0038] Furthermore, it is thinkable that the substrate material is a plastic foil, e.g.
a polyester foil. Furthermore, the foil can be stretched in a monoaxial or biaxial fashion. The stretching of the foil leads to the fact, among other things, that it receives polarizing properties which can be used as further security feature.
The aids required for utilizing these properties, such as polarizing filters, are known to the person skilled in the art.
[0039] The foil may also be formed as a patch covering a partial surface of the substrate or as a strip extending over the entire length or width of the security document. As materials for the foil first of all plastic materials, in particular PET
(polyethylene terephthalate), PBT (polybutylene terephthalate), PEN
(polyethylene naphthalate), PP (polypropylene), PA (polyamide), PE (polyethylene), are suitable.
Furthermore, the foil can be stretched in a monoaxial or biaxial fashion.
[0040] It may also be expedient when the substrate material is a multi-layer compound which has at least one layer made of paper or a paper-like material.
Such a compound is characterized by an extraordinarily great stability which is of great advantage for the durability of the security feature and, moreover, increases the forgery-proofness.
[0041] But it is also thinkable to employ a multi-layer, paper-free composite material as substrate material. These materials can also be advantageously employed in certain climate zones of the earth.
[0042] All materials employed as substrate material may have additives which serve as authenticity features. Here first of all luminescent substances are taken into consideration which in the visible wavelength range preferably are transparent and in the not visible wavelength range can be excited by a suitable aid, e.g. a UV- or IR-radiation emitting radiation source so as to produce a luminescence that is visible or at least detectable with aids. Other security features can also be employed advantageously, provided they do not or only slightly impair the viewing of the print.
[0043] Below/on top of the tilt-image elements there can be located further layers which represent a pattern or image, but substantially are adjusted in an areal fashion or to the present grid of the tilt image. In this way e.g. upon a straight top view the eye of the viewer may be distracted from the actual tilt information which then does not become distinct until the tilting.
[0044] The steepness of the flanks and of the first and second embossed elements influences the tearing behavior of the substrate. The steeper the particular flanks are formed, the stronger the substrate is embossed and extended in this area, so that reduction of the thickness of the substrate and thus of the tearing behavior occurs.
[0045] In addition, the angle between the longitudinal direction of the first embossed structure and the printing cylinder of the printing machine influences the danger of a paper injury during the manufacturing of the security element.
Thus, an angle of 00, i.e. the longitudinal direction of the first embossed structure is aligned in parallel to the printing cylinder, involves a special danger of paper injury. But, however, it leads to an especially preferred tilting behavior, since the security element, e.g. a bank note, does not have to be rotated around the axis towards the viewer to directly obtain a tilt image. Therefore, an angle of approximately 10 or approximately 45 is preferably used. If the first embossed elements are not formed straight but for example wave-shaped, the longitudinal direction of the first embossed elements refers to the average longitudinal direction of the first embossed elements.
[0046] The embossed structures according to the invention are produced by an embossing tool having first recesses in which at least partially are incorporated second recesses. Here the second recesses either are incorporated in the first recesses by a partial change of the geometry of the first recesses or are set in each case on a flank of the first recesses at a given angle, so that they correspond with the particular embossed structures of the security element.
[0047] Preferably, the embossing tool is an embossing die or a printing plate, in particular an intaglio printing plate, the recesses of which are formed as a gravure in the surface of the embossing tool. The cross-sectional area of the gravures here is designed triangular, trapezoidal, sinusoidal or semicircular.
[0048] Especially preferred, the first and second recesses are incorporated with a graver and/or with a laser and/or with an etching method in separate processes or in one process in the surface of the embossing tool. The depth of the recesses here amounts to approximately 50% of the width of the recesses, in particular 10 [tm to 250 pm, preferably 50 p.m to 120 pm and especially preferably 60 in to 100 m.
100491 The graving tool is responsible for the flank steepness here. Thus, it is possible by a variation of the engraving tool by way of example in the simplest fon-n for the right flank to be processed with a separate tool having a steep angle, and the left flank to be given a wide flat flank run-out with a flat tool.
[0050] The substantial advantage of the invention is the creation of an integrated additional information in the form of a second tilt effect, which is produced by a second embossed structure within the flanks or on the flanks of the first embossed elements. This additional information can be additionally supported by a suitable arrangement of the coating. According to the invention, thus a clear allocation of a second information is effected within the embossed geometry of the first embossed structure. By the special structure of the coating and the second embossed structure within the first embossed structure a viewer perceives a change of the interaction against the surroundings.
[0051] Advantageously, thus, security elements for data carriers are provided which combine two tilt effects with each other and can be manufactured with the machine standards and speed standards of a typical printer shop.
[0052] Further advantages of the invention are the realization of linear or nonlinear color shift effects as well as the implementation of many color combinations by using or partially using existing colors within the data carrier manufacturing. In addition, a good perceptibility of the tilt effects according to the invention results for a man on the street or a consumer without aids.
[0053] The security element according to the invention in particular serves to increase the forgery-proofness of documents of value, such as for example bank notes, checks, share certificates, identity documents, admission tickets, tickets, deeds, credit cards, check cards and the like.
[0054] The optically variable structure according to the invention is combinable in particular within a document of value with any other security feature.
Thus, the optically variable structure according to the invention can be arranged for example on top of a security thread, be combined with a hologram or other diffractive structures or be disposed beside or overlapping with other optically variable structures.
[0055] With reference to the following examples and complementary Figures the advantages of the invention and various preferred embodiments of the invention are explained. The following Figures schematically show in detail:
[0056] Fig. 1 shows an optically variable structure according to the invention which consists of a first embossed structure in which is incorporated a second embossed structure, [0057] Fig. 2 shows a combination of coating and embossed structure by the example of three first embossed elements, [0058] Fig. 3 shows a combination of coating and embossed structure by the example of a large-surface arrangement of first embossed elements, [0059] Fig. 4 shows different views of the combination in Fig. 3 from different viewing directions, [0060] Fig. 5 shows different embodiments of single- and multi-colored coatings.
[0061] For clarity's sake the embodiments described in the following examples are reduced to the substantial core information and the representations in the Figures are strongly schematized and do not reflect the actual realities.
Primarily, the proportions shown in the Figures do not correspond to the dimensions present in reality and exclusively serve for the improvement of clarity. In practical application substantially more complex patterns or images in single- or multi-color printing can be used as a coating. The same applies to the embossed structures. The information represented in the following examples can also be replaced by image information or text information as elaborate as desired.
[0062] The examples represent preferred embodiments to which, however, the invention shall be in no way restricted. In particular, the various embodiments are not restricted to being used in the described form, but can also be combined with one another to enhance the effects.
[0063] Fig.1 shows an optically variable structure according to the invention which consists of first embossed elements 1 in which is incorporated a second embossed structure. A single first embossed element 1 has a triangular cross-sectional area so that the embossed element 1 assumes the form of a horizontal wedge with two oblique flanks. In particular the two flanks have different colors.
[0064] According to Fig. la to lc the second embossed structure 2 is incorporated in the first embossed element 1 by a partial change of the geometry of the first embossed element 1.
[0065] According to Fig. 1 a the second embossed structure 2 is incorporated in longitudinal direction as modulation of the height of the first embossed element 1.
The upper edge of the first embossed element 1 here has wave-shaped indentations, so that in the area of the indentations the inclination of the flanks is reduced. If light falls perpendicular from above on the first embossed element 1, it impinges on differently strong inclined flanks and thus is reflected in different angle ranges. The tilt effect upon tilting the security element around the longitudinal axis of the first embossed element 1 thus turns out to be differently strong along the longitudinal axis.
[0066] According to Fig. lb the second embossed structure 2 is incorporated in transverse direction as modulation of the height of the first embossed element 1.
Here in certain areas the upper edge of the first embossed element 1 is flattened.
This flattened area can have e.g. a color different from that of the flanks, so that upon tilting the security element around the longitudinal axis of the first embossed element 1, in addition to the tilt effect of the flanks, upon plan view onto the flattened area its color will appear. In the areas of the optically variable structure, however, in which no second embossed structure 2 is located, upon tilting the security element around the first axis the viewer sees merely the two flanks of the first embossed structure 1, i.e. only the first tilt effect occurs.
[0067] According to Fig. lc the second embossed structure 2 is formed as notch-like indentation at the point of the wedge in longitudinal direction of the point. The embossed structure 2 here forms a longitudinal groove in parallel to the upper edge of the first embossed element 1. The flanks of the indentation or longitudinal groove have a color which contrasts to that of the adjoining flank of the first embossed element 1. Upon tilting around the first axis a viewer thus first sees the first flank of the first embossed element 1 and approximately at the end of the first viewing angle range additionally the first flank of the indentation which extends in parallel or nearly in parallel to the first flank of the first embossed element. Upon further tilting around the first axis the viewer also sees the second flanks of the first embossed element 1 and of the indentation, until finally at first the first flank of the first embossed element 1 and subsequently the second flank of the indentation are concealed by the second flank of the first embossed element.
[0068] According to Fig. ld to lg the second embossed structure consists of second embossed elements 3, 4, 5, or 6 which are set in each case on a flank of the first embossed element 1 at a given angle. The second embossed element can be designed by way of example as quadrant- or quarter-ellipse-shaped embossed element 3 according to Fig.
ld, any other segments or parts of a sphere or ellipse also being possible, wedge-shaped embossed element 4 according to Fig. le which stands on its cross-sectional area and with a flank adjoins the first embossed element, pyramidal embossed element 5 according to Fig. lf or wedge-shaped embossed element 6 according to Fig. lg which stands on one of its three flanks and with its cross-sectional area adjoins the first embossed element.
[0069] Here the second embossed elements 3, 4, 5, or 6 can be disposed with their longitudinal axis perpendicular, such as shown e.g. in Fig. lg, or also oblique at any angle to the longitudinal axis of the first embossed element 1.
[0070] Fig. 2 shows a combination of coating and embossed structure by the example of three first embossed elements 1. The upper image of Fig. 2a and Fig. 2b shows the coating, the central image the combination of coating and embossed structure in side view and the lower image the combination of coating and embossed structure in view from obliquely above.
[0071] The coating is formed, according to Fig. 2a, as continuous strips 8 which are aligned in parallel to the longitudinal axis of the first embossed elements 1, and as discontinuous strips 7 which are formed in parallel to the longitudinal axis of the second embossed elements 4. The discontinuous strips 7 are printed onto a flank of the second embossed elements 2 and the continuous strips 8 are printed onto that flank of the first embossed elements 1 which is located opposite the second embossed elements 4. Alternatively, the coating can also be formed, according to Fig. 2b, as continuous strips 9 which are aligned in parallel to the longitudinal axis of the second embossed elements 4. The continuous strips 8 are printed without spacing onto a side of the flanks of the second embossed elements 2, the flank of the first embossed elements 1 which is located opposite the second embossed elements 4 remains free.
[0072] Thus, the result is an additional tilt effect upon rotating the security element around its vertical axis, i.e. the axis which stands perpendicular on the surface of the security element. In an angle range merely the flank of the second embossed elements 4 printed with the discontinuous strips 7 or the continuous strips 9 is visible, in a different angle range merely the not printed flank.
[0073] Fig. 3 shows a combination of coating and embossed structure by the example of a large-surface arrangement of first embossed elements corresponding to Fig. 2a. Here, according to Fig. 3b to Fig. 3d, to a coating in the form of a background print 10 is allocated a first embossed structure in the form of first embossed elements 1. The second embossed structure in the form of second embossed elements 4 shows additional information 11 which in this embodiment is formed as a rectangle or number or letter õI". Fig. 3e shows a single optically variable element as a detail from Fig. 3d.
100741 For a viewer who views the optically variable structure according to Fig.
3, now according to Fig. 4 from different viewing directions A, B and C
different views are rendered. Thus, according to Fig. 4b from viewing direction A there is recognizable a continuous horizontal strip 8 on the flank of the first embossed structure 1 and from viewing direction B a regularly disposed pattern of discontinuous strips 7 and spacings which is also continued on the flanks of the second embossed structure 4 disposed in the first embossed structure 1. From viewing direction C on the flank of the first embossed structure 1 there is further recognizable the regularly disposed pattern of discontinuous strips 7 and spacings.
On the flanks of the second embossed structure, however, when viewed from this viewing direction there is located no print, so that in this area there is visible a gap in the form of the additional information 11.
[0075] In Fig. 5 there are shown different embodiments of single- and multi-colored coatings. The colored coating here due to reasons of representation is realized in different grey scale values and hatchings. The schematic representation thus can vary in color, have more filigree elements, e.g. micro lines or also points, fragments or special characters. An embodiment could represent the black surface as primary color cyan, the grey surface magenta and the hatched surface yellow. A
limitation of the colors does theoretically not exist.
[0076] Fig. 5a here shows a single-colored coating which is formed as single-colored strips with a grid distance X and a width smaller than the grid distance X.
Between the individual strips there is no color applied, so that in these areas the color of the substrate emerges.
[0077] In Fig. 5b the coating is formed by an alternating sequence of two, in Fig.
5f of three differently colored strips. The grid distance of the strips is larger than the width of the strips, so that between the individual strips there is a gap. In each of the gaps between the individual strips there is no color applied, so that in these areas the color of the substrate emerges. In Fig. 5c and Fig. 5e there is no gap between the individual strips, so that the individual strips adjoin each other.
[0078] In Fig. 5d and Fig. 5g the multi-colored coating is formed by a single-colored background print, on top of which is printed a single-colored line pattern according to Fig. 5a or a multi-colored line pattern according to Fig. 5b.
[0079] Fig. 5h and Fig. Si, however, show a multi-colored background print _ according to Fig. Se or Fig. 5f, on top of which is printed a single-colored strip-shaped coating corresponding to Fig. 5a.
[0080] In Fig. 5j there is finally shown a coating which is formed from an alternating sequence of strips and pattern elements, such as circles and rectangles.
Claims (45)
1. A security element having an optically variable structure which has a first embossed structure of first embossed elements which is combined with a coating contrasting to the surface of the security element in such a way that at least partial areas of the coating are visible upon viewing under a first viewing angle range, but are at least partially concealed upon viewing under a second viewing angle range, so that upon tilting the security element around a first axis a first tilt effect is produced, wherein the optically variable structure has at least one second embossed structure which Is disposed within the first embossed structure and in addition to the first tilt effect produces a second tilt effect, wherein the at least one second embossed structure - is incorporated in the first embossed elements by a partial change of the geometry of the first embossed elements or - consists of second embossed elements which are set in each case on a flank of the first embossed elements at a given angle.
2. The security element according to claim 1, wherein the second tilt effect occurs additionally to the first tilt effect within the first or second viewing angle range or upon the transition from the first to the second or from the second to the first viewing angle range.
3. The security element according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in the case that the at least one second embossed structure is incorporated in the first embossed elements by a partial change of the geometry of the first embossed elements, the at least one second embossed structure is incorporated in the first embossed element as modulation - of the height in longitudinal direction and/or - of the height in transverse direction and/or - of the width and/or - of the inclination of the flanks of the first embossed elements.
4. The security element according to claim 3, wherein the modulation of the width and/or of the inclination of the flanks of the first embossed elements is formed on one or the two sides of an embossed element.
5. The security element according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the first and second embossed structures are formed as grid structures, in particular as line grids with constant grid spacing.
6. The security element according to claim 5, wherein the cross- sectional area of the first and second embossed elements is triangular, trapezoidal, sinusoidal or semicircular.
7. The security element according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the at least one second embossed structure is divided into individual partial areas.
8. The security element according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the at least one second embossed structure is combined with a second coating contrasting to the surface of the data carrier.
9. The security element according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the height and/or lateral dimension of the embossed structures amounts to more than 30 µm.
10. The security element according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the embossed structures are formed as blind embossing or halftone blind embossing.
11. The security element according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the embossed structures are formed as ink-carrying embossing.
12. The security element according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the second embossed structures and/or the contrasting coating has the form of a graphic and/ or alphanumeric image.
13. The security element according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the embossed structures have line-shaped embossed elements and/or not line-shaped embossed elements which in longitudinal direction are straight, wavy and/or curved.
14. The security element according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the contrasting coating is designed in a line-shaped fashion.
15. The security element according to claim 14, wherein the embossed structures and the contrasting coating have the same or a similar or a different spatial frequency.
16. The security element according to any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein below and/or on top of the tilt image elements there are disposed further layers which represent a pattern or image and, substantially, are adjusted to the present grid of the tilt image.
17. The security element according to any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein the security element consists of a single- or multi-layer substrate.
18. The security element according to claim 17, wherein the substrate is coated and/or printed and/or pasted and/or lined and/or laminated in single- or multi-layer.
19. The security element according to claim 17 or 18, wherein in and/ or to the substrate are incorporated or applied further security substances which by the treatment upon the production of the first and/or second tilt image are activable, coverable, partially destructible or removable.
20. The security element according to claim 19, wherein the further security substances produce a further tilt image.
21. A data carrier having a security element according to any one of claims 1 to 20.
22. The data carrier according to claim 21, wherein the data carrier is a document of value.
23. A use of a security element according to any one of claims 1 to 20 or of a data carrier according to claim 21 or 22 for the product protection.
24. A method for manufacturing a security element according to any one of claims 1 to 20, wherein the coating is printed onto the substrate of the security element, the individual colors of the coating being printed at the same time or one after the other onto the substrate of the security element.
25. The method according to claim 24, wherein the print is produced by planographic printing, by relief printing, by screen printing, by gravure printing, or by a thermographic process.
26. The method according to claim 25, wherein the axis of a printing cylinder is disposed at an angle of approximately 10° or approximately 45°
to the longitudinal direction of the first embossed elements.
to the longitudinal direction of the first embossed elements.
27. The method according to any one of claims 24 to 26, wherein the embossed structures are produced by means of an embossing tool.
28. The method according to claim 27, wherein the embossed structures are produced by intaglio printing or by means of thermal process.
29. The method according to any one of claims 24 to 28, wherein the printing inks used have high translucent behavior.
30. The method according to any one of claims 24 to 29, wherein the substrate of the security element is embossed and printed in one processing step or at first embossed and subsequently printed or at first printed and subsequently embossed.
31. An embossing tool having first recesses, wherein in at least one part of the first recesses are incorporated at least partially second recesses, wherein the second recesses either are incorporated in the first recesses by a partial change of the geometry of the first recesses or are set in each case on a flank of the first recesses at a given angle.
32. The embossing tool according to claim 31, wherein the embossing tool is an embossing die or a printing plate and the recesses are formed as gravure in the surface of the embossing tool.
33. The embossing tool according to claim 31 or 32, wherein the cross-sectional area of the first and second recesses are triangular, trapezoidal, sinusoidal or semicircular.
34. The embossing tool according to any one of claims 31 to 33, wherein the depth of the recesses amounts to approximately 50% of the width of the recesses.
35. The embossing tool according to any one of claims 31 to 34, wherein the depth of the recesses amounts to 10 µm - 250 µm.
36. A method for manufacturing an embossing tool according to any one of claims 31 to 35, wherein the first and second recesses are incorporated in the surface of the embossing tool in separate processes or in one process.
37. The method for manufacturing an embossing tool according to claim 36, wherein the first and second recesses are incorporated with a graver and/ or with a laser and/
or with an etching method in the surface of the embossing tool.
or with an etching method in the surface of the embossing tool.
38. The data carrier according to claim 22, wherein the document of value is a bank note.
39. The embossing tool according to claim 32, wherein the printing plate is an intaglio printing plate.
40. The method according to claim 25, wherein the planographic printing comprises an offset process.
41. The method according to claim 25, wherein relief printing comprises a letterpress printing or a flexographic process.
42. The method according to claim 25, wherein gravure printing comprises a halftone gravure or a intaglio printing.
43. The method according to claim 25, wherein the thermographic process comprises a thermal transfer process.
44. The embossing tool according to any one of claims 31 to 34, wherein the depth of the recesses amounts to 50µm-120µm.
45. The embossing tool according to any one of claims 31 to 34, wherein the depth of the recesses amounts to 60µm-100µm.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102007035161.7 | 2007-07-25 | ||
| DE102007035161A DE102007035161A1 (en) | 2007-07-25 | 2007-07-25 | Security element with several optically variable structures |
| PCT/EP2008/006095 WO2009013000A2 (en) | 2007-07-25 | 2008-07-24 | Security element comprising a plurality of optically variable structures |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2694383A1 CA2694383A1 (en) | 2009-01-29 |
| CA2694383C true CA2694383C (en) | 2015-10-06 |
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| CN (1) | CN101765516B (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE524326T1 (en) |
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| DE (1) | DE102007035161A1 (en) |
| RU (1) | RU2463169C2 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2009013000A2 (en) |
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| US8595964B2 (en) | 2006-06-09 | 2013-12-03 | Ubright Optronics Corporation | Surface bearing patterned indicia having micro-structures and method of making the same |
| DE102009015327A1 (en) * | 2009-03-20 | 2010-09-23 | Technische Universität Ilmenau | Method for individualized optical identification of components, involves extending control of production line over additional algorithm |
| EP2233314A1 (en) * | 2009-03-26 | 2010-09-29 | CSEM Centre Suisse d'Electronique et de Microtechnique SA - Recherche et Développement | Authentication item and system for packaged articles and method for the manufacturing of the authentication item |
| GB2479777B (en) * | 2010-04-22 | 2015-12-09 | Nautilus Gb Ltd | Embossed visual feature |
| DE102010037958B4 (en) * | 2010-10-04 | 2012-04-26 | Matthias Schmidt | Method for producing a forming tool for seals or individual layers of seals, forming tool, seal and press |
| RU2467879C1 (en) * | 2011-06-30 | 2012-11-27 | Федеральное Государственное Унитарное Предприятие "Гознак" (Фгуп "Гознак") | Valuable document with optically variable structure (versions) |
| DE102011114647A1 (en) * | 2011-09-30 | 2013-04-04 | Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh | Security element with several optically variable structures |
| DE102011114644A1 (en) | 2011-09-30 | 2013-04-04 | Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh | Security element with several optically variable structures and a kinematic effect |
| EP2594149A1 (en) | 2011-11-18 | 2013-05-22 | Fabrica Nacional De Moneda Y Timbre - Real Casa De La Moneda | Object comprising a region of its surface suitable for showing a plurality of images |
| DE102013000556A1 (en) | 2013-01-14 | 2014-07-17 | Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh | Reliefed card-shaped data carrier |
| DE102013002137A1 (en) | 2013-02-07 | 2014-08-07 | Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh | Optically variable surface pattern |
| RU2510438C1 (en) * | 2013-04-04 | 2014-03-27 | Федеральное Государственное Унитарное Предприятие "Гознак" (Фгуп "Гознак") | Polymer sandwich element for paper, which has optically variable effect |
| DE102015014039A1 (en) | 2015-10-30 | 2017-05-04 | Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh | Security element with an optically variable structure |
| DE102017106721A1 (en) | 2017-03-29 | 2018-10-04 | Leonhard Kurz Stiftung & Co. Kg | Method for producing a multilayer film and a multilayer film, and a security element and a security document |
| DE102017005192A1 (en) * | 2017-05-31 | 2018-12-06 | Giesecke+Devrient Currency Technology Gmbh | Security element with two tilting effects |
| DE102017006949A1 (en) * | 2017-07-21 | 2019-01-24 | Giesecke+Devrient Currency Technology Gmbh | Security element with optically variable embossing structure |
| RU2661222C1 (en) * | 2017-08-25 | 2018-07-13 | Акционерное общество "Гознак" (АО "Гознак") | Protected carrier of information, with optically variable effect, and a method of protected media manufacturing with optically variable effect |
| RU2659989C1 (en) * | 2017-08-25 | 2018-07-04 | Акционерное общество "Гознак" (АО "Гознак") | Protected information carrier with optically variable effect, and method of manufacturing protected information carrier with optically variable effect |
| DE102017011455A1 (en) | 2017-12-12 | 2019-06-13 | Giesecke+Devrient Currency Technology Gmbh | Customizable security element with a visually variable structure |
| DE102018000243A1 (en) * | 2018-01-15 | 2019-07-18 | Giesecke+Devrient Currency Technology Gmbh | Security element with an optically variable structure in a depression |
| JP6374625B1 (en) * | 2018-02-02 | 2018-08-15 | 株式会社ドワンゴ | Display medium, display support medium, processing apparatus, and processing program |
| JP7242964B2 (en) | 2020-03-11 | 2023-03-20 | ケーニッヒ ウント バウアー アー・ゲー | Security element, security document with security element and apparatus and method for manufacturing security element |
| DE102020106639B4 (en) | 2020-03-11 | 2021-12-02 | Koenig & Bauer Ag | Security element, security document with a security element and device and method for producing a security element |
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| DE19541064A1 (en) | 1995-11-03 | 1997-05-07 | Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh | Data carrier with an optically variable element |
| GB9524862D0 (en) * | 1995-12-06 | 1996-02-07 | The Technology Partnership Plc | Colour diffractive structure |
| DE19731142B4 (en) * | 1997-07-18 | 2004-05-13 | Kaul, Sabine | Lichtverteilstruktur |
| DE10044465A1 (en) | 2000-09-08 | 2002-03-21 | Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh | Data carrier with an optically variable element |
| PL208259B1 (en) * | 2002-08-13 | 2011-04-29 | Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh | Data carrier comprising an optically variable element |
| US20060151989A1 (en) * | 2002-10-07 | 2006-07-13 | Sani Muke | Embossed optically variable devices |
| JP4329570B2 (en) * | 2004-02-27 | 2009-09-09 | 凸版印刷株式会社 | Image forming body having latent image and method for producing the same |
| DE102005011612A1 (en) * | 2004-08-13 | 2006-02-23 | Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh | Data carrier with an optically variable structure |
| JP2007168341A (en) * | 2005-12-26 | 2007-07-05 | National Printing Bureau | Image forming body |
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2007
- 2007-07-25 DE DE102007035161A patent/DE102007035161A1/en not_active Withdrawn
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- 2008-07-24 RU RU2010106245/12A patent/RU2463169C2/en active
- 2008-07-24 CA CA2694383A patent/CA2694383C/en active Active
- 2008-07-24 WO PCT/EP2008/006095 patent/WO2009013000A2/en active Application Filing
- 2008-07-24 EP EP08785048A patent/EP2173567B1/en active Active
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| CN101765516B (en) | 2012-03-21 |
| DE102007035161A1 (en) | 2009-01-29 |
| CN101765516A (en) | 2010-06-30 |
| WO2009013000A2 (en) | 2009-01-29 |
| EP2173567A2 (en) | 2010-04-14 |
| WO2009013000A3 (en) | 2009-03-26 |
| RU2463169C2 (en) | 2012-10-10 |
| EP2173567B1 (en) | 2011-09-14 |
| RU2010106245A (en) | 2011-09-20 |
| CA2694383A1 (en) | 2009-01-29 |
| ATE524326T1 (en) | 2011-09-15 |
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