CA2686386A1 - System for drilling a wellbore - Google Patents
System for drilling a wellbore Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2686386A1 CA2686386A1 CA002686386A CA2686386A CA2686386A1 CA 2686386 A1 CA2686386 A1 CA 2686386A1 CA 002686386 A CA002686386 A CA 002686386A CA 2686386 A CA2686386 A CA 2686386A CA 2686386 A1 CA2686386 A1 CA 2686386A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- casing
- oil
- drill string
- lubricating compound
- compound includes
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- -1 phosphate ester Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019484 Rapeseed oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000828 canola oil Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019519 canola oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000020238 sunflower seed Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N triformin Chemical compound O=COCC(OC=O)COC=O UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002199 base oil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000994 depressogenic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical compound FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019482 Palm oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019483 Peanut oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019498 Walnut oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010775 animal oil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004359 castor oil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019438 castor oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003240 coconut oil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019864 coconut oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000005687 corn oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002285 corn oil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012343 cottonseed oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002385 cottonseed oil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000013530 defoamer Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000021323 fish oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N glycerol triricinoleate Natural products CCCCCC[C@@H](O)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@@H](O)CCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@H](O)CCCCCC ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000944 linseed oil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000021388 linseed oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006078 metal deactivator Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010466 nut oil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019488 nut oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004006 olive oil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000008390 olive oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002540 palm oil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000312 peanut oil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008171 pumpkin seed oil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004034 viscosity adjusting agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008170 walnut oil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003014 phosphoric acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 5
- XFRVVPUIAFSTFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Tridecanol Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCCCCO XFRVVPUIAFSTFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 101100194817 Caenorhabditis elegans rig-6 gene Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecan-1-ol Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCCCO LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920004695 VICTREX™ PEEK Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002518 antifoaming agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000010428 baryte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052601 baryte Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002194 fatty esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000193 polymethacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- QWENRTYMTSOGBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-1,2,3-Triazole Chemical compound C=1C=NNN=1 QWENRTYMTSOGBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FEXBEKLLSUWSIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butyl-4-methylphenol Chemical compound CCCCC1=CC(C)=CC=C1O FEXBEKLLSUWSIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VFBJXXJYHWLXRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-[3-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyloxy]ethylsulfanyl]ethyl 3-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=CC(CCC(=O)OCCSCCOC(=O)CCC=2C=C(C(O)=C(C=2)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)=C1 VFBJXXJYHWLXRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XMIIGOLPHOKFCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-phenylpropionic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC1=CC=CC=C1 XMIIGOLPHOKFCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000089 Cyclic olefin copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003973 alkyl amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004982 aromatic amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzotriazole Chemical class C1=CC=C2N[N][N]C2=C1 QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WYEMLYFITZORAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N boscalid Chemical compound C1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1NC(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1Cl WYEMLYFITZORAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MTAZNLWOLGHBHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N butadiene-styrene rubber Chemical compound C=CC=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 MTAZNLWOLGHBHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylamine Chemical class C=1C=CC=CC=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010685 fatty oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010699 lard oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002790 naphthalenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002530 phenolic antioxidant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003784 tall oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960004418 trolamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
- E21B17/10—Wear protectors; Centralising devices, e.g. stabilisers
- E21B17/1007—Wear protectors; Centralising devices, e.g. stabilisers for the internal surface of a pipe, e.g. wear bushings for underwater well-heads
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/02—Well-drilling compositions
- C09K8/04—Aqueous well-drilling compositions
- C09K8/06—Clay-free compositions
- C09K8/08—Clay-free compositions containing natural organic compounds, e.g. polysaccharides, or derivatives thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/02—Well-drilling compositions
- C09K8/04—Aqueous well-drilling compositions
- C09K8/06—Clay-free compositions
- C09K8/12—Clay-free compositions containing synthetic organic macromolecular compounds or their precursors
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/02—Well-drilling compositions
- C09K8/04—Aqueous well-drilling compositions
- C09K8/14—Clay-containing compositions
- C09K8/18—Clay-containing compositions characterised by the organic compounds
- C09K8/20—Natural organic compounds or derivatives thereof, e.g. polysaccharides or lignin derivatives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/02—Well-drilling compositions
- C09K8/04—Aqueous well-drilling compositions
- C09K8/14—Clay-containing compositions
- C09K8/18—Clay-containing compositions characterised by the organic compounds
- C09K8/22—Synthetic organic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
- E21B17/10—Wear protectors; Centralising devices, e.g. stabilisers
- E21B17/1085—Wear protectors; Blast joints; Hard facing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/085—Phosphorus oxides, acids or salts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/2805—Esters used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/40—Fatty vegetable or animal oils
- C10M2207/401—Fatty vegetable or animal oils used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/02—Sulfur-containing compounds obtained by sulfurisation with sulfur or sulfur-containing compounds
- C10M2219/024—Sulfur-containing compounds obtained by sulfurisation with sulfur or sulfur-containing compounds of esters, e.g. fats
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
- C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
Abstract
A system is provided for drilling a borehole into an earth formation, comprising a casing arranged in the borehole, a drill string extending through the interior of the casing to a lower end portion of the borehole, and a body of drilling fluid extending into the casing, the casing having an inner surface susceptible of wear due to frictional contact with an outer surface of the drill string during drilling of the borehole with the drill string. The system further comprises means for reducing wear of said inner surface of the casing, said means including at least one of a hardened layer at the inner surface of the casing, a friction-reducing layer at the outer surface of the drill string, and a lubricating compound contained in the body of drilling fluid.
Description
SYSTEM FOR DRILLING A WELLBORE
The present invention relates to a system for drilling a borehole into an earth formation, comprising a casing arranged in the borehole, and a drill string extending through the interior of the casing to a lower end portion of the borehole, the casing having an inner surface susceptible of wear due to contact with an outer surface of the drill string during drilling of the borehole with the drill string.
During rotary drilling of the wellbore, the drill string is rotated from surface by a rotary table at the drilling rig to deepen the wellbore, whereby the rotating drill string normally is in frictional contact with the inner surface of the casing and the wellbore wall.
Generally the accumulated friction force between drill string and casing/wellbore wall increases with increasing depth, tortuosity and inclination of the borehole, thus leading to increased torque at the rotary table.
Furthermore, the frictional contact between the drill string and the casing potentially leads to wear of both the drill string and the casing. In conventional drilling applications, casing are installed at selected depth intervals of the wellbore, whereby generally the fracture pressure and the pore pressure of the surrounding formation are the determining factors for the length of each such depth interval. Except for the surface casing, each casing is lowered through a previously installed casing and extends from surface to near the lower end of the newly drilled depth interval. In view thereof subsequent casings necessarily are of stepwise decreasing diameter. The resulting nested casing arrangement implies that each casing normally is in frictional contact with the rotating drill string only for the duration of drilling the next depth interval. Therefore, for such applications, casing wear is normally not a significant problem.
EP-1044316-B1 discloses a wellbore system whereby subsequent casings do not extend to surface. Instead, each new wellbore interval is provided with a casing that extends from the lower end of the previous casing to near the newly drilled wellbore interval. Furthermore, each casing is radially expanded in the wellbore after having been lowered to the desired depth so that the wellbore can be drilled at a substantially uniform diameter along the length thereof.
It is a problem of the known wellbore system that each casing is exposed to wear due to frictional contact with the rotating drill string, for prolonged periods of time. The present invention therefore sets out to provide an improved system for drilling a wellbore, which overcomes the problems of the prior art.
In accordance with the invention there is provided a system for drilling a borehole into an earth formation, comprising a casing arranged in the borehole, a drill string extending through the interior of the casing to a lower end portion of the borehole, and a body of drilling fluid extending into the casing, the casing having an inner surface susceptible of wear due to frictional contact with an outer surface of the drill string during drilling of the borehole with the drill string, wherein the system further comprises means for reducing wear of said inner surface of the casing, said means including at least one of a hardened layer at the inner surface of the casing, a friction-reducing layer at the outer surface of the drill string, and a lubricating compound contained in the body of drilling fluid.
Tests have indicated that each said means are effective to protect the inner surface of the casing against wear, whereby the hardened inner layer of the casing protects the casing against the abrasive action of small particles contained in the drilling fluid, and the friction-reducing layer of the drill string and the lubricating compound in the drilling fluid protect the casing against high friction forces from direct contact with the drill string. For some applications, the best result is obtained if the system comprises each of the three wear reducing means, i.e. a hardened layer at the inner surface of the casing, a friction-reducing layer at the outer surface of the drill string, and a lubricating compound contained in the body of drilling fluid.
Suitably the hardened layer at the inner surface of the casing has a first hardness and the outer surface of the drill string has a second hardness, and wherein said first hardness is larger than said second hardness. For example, the ratio of the first hardness to the second hardness is between 1 and 5. Preferably the first hardness has a value of between 150 Hv and 600 Hv.
Suitably the friction-reducing layer of the drill string comprises poly-tetra-fluor-ethene (PTFE). The friction-reducing layer can be provided in the form of a coating applied to the outer surface of the drill string.
In an exemplary application, the lubricating compound includes between 64.25-90.89 wt% base oil, such as a natural triglyceride oil, fish oil, animal oil, vegetable triglyceride oil, sunflower seed oil, soybean oil, rapeseed oil canola oil, palm nut oil, palm oil, olive oil, rapeseed oil, canola oil, linseed oil, ground nut oil, soybean oil, cottonseed oil, sunflower seed oil, pumpkin seed oil, coconut oil, corn oil, castor oil, walnut oil, natural or synthetic oil, or an ester.
Suitably the lubricating compound includes between 0.02-0.05 wt% metal deactivator, for example Triazol or benzotriazol derivatives, such as tolytriazol.
Advantageously the lubricating compound includes between 0.5-3.0 wt% antioxidant, for example aromatic amine antioxidant and/or hindered phenolic antioxidants antioxidants, such as for example, 2,6-bis (tert butyl-4-methylphenol, BHT). Example commercially available products are: Octylated, Butylated Diphenylamine Antioxidant from Ciba-Geigy Corp (lrganox L 57); 2,6-bis (1,I-dimethylethyl)-4-methyl-Phenol, from PMC, Inc (BHT);
and Benzenepropanoic acid, 3,5-bis (1,1-demethylethyl)-4-hydroxy-, thiodi-2, 1-ethanediyl ester, from Ciba-Geigy Corp (Irganox 1035).
The lubricating compound preferably includes between 4-12 wt% sulfurized natural oils like sulfurized vegetable or animal fatty oils, with natural oils sulfur content 9%-21%, such as for example 13.5%-17.5%. Example commercially available products are: Sulfurized vegetable oils from Rhein Chemie Corporation (Additin RC-2515); and Sulfurized Lard Oil from Ferro Corporation (HSL).
The lubricating compound can include between 4-12 wt% phosphate ester, such as phosphoric acid esters with ethoxylated fatty ester (C12-C15) alcohols, preferably mixture of phosphoric acid ester with ethoxylated lauryl alcohol and phosphoric acid ester with ethoxylated tridecyl alcohol. Example commercially available products are: Phosphoric acid ester with ethoxylated lauryl alcohol and phosphoric acid ester with ethoxylated tridecyl alcohol from Houghton International (Houghton 5653).
The lubricating compound can include between 0.4-1.5 wt% phosphoric acid, for example phosphoric acid esters with ethoxylated fatty ester (C12-C15) alcohols, preferably mixture of phosphoric acid ester with ethoxylated lauryl alcohol and phosphoric acid ester with ethoxylated tridecyl alcohol. Example commercially available products are: Phosphoric acid ester with ethoxylated lauryl alcohol and phosphoric acid ester with ethoxylated tridecyl alcohol from Houghton International (Houghton 5653).
The lubricating compound suitably includes between 0.08-1.5 wt% viscosity modifier, such as polyacrylates, polymethacrylates, modifier inylpyrrolidone/methacrylate-copolymers, polyvinylpyrrolidones, polybutanes, olefin-copolymers, styrene/-acrylate-copolymers, polyethers, such as for example, styrene or butadiene-styrene polymer. An example commercially available product is Styrene Hydrocarbon Polymer from Lubrizol Corporation (Lubrizol 7440S).
The lubricating compound suitably includes between 0.1-0.5 wt% pour-point depressant, for example polymethacrylates, alkylated naphthalene depressant derivatives, such as alkyl ester copolymers. An example commercially available product is Alkyl ester copolymer from Lubrizol Corporation (Lubrizol 6662).
The lubricating compound suitably includes between 0.01-0.2 wt% defoamer, such as silicon based antifoam agent. An example commercially available product is Silicon based antifoam agent from Ultra Additives (Foam Ban 103).
The present invention relates to a system for drilling a borehole into an earth formation, comprising a casing arranged in the borehole, and a drill string extending through the interior of the casing to a lower end portion of the borehole, the casing having an inner surface susceptible of wear due to contact with an outer surface of the drill string during drilling of the borehole with the drill string.
During rotary drilling of the wellbore, the drill string is rotated from surface by a rotary table at the drilling rig to deepen the wellbore, whereby the rotating drill string normally is in frictional contact with the inner surface of the casing and the wellbore wall.
Generally the accumulated friction force between drill string and casing/wellbore wall increases with increasing depth, tortuosity and inclination of the borehole, thus leading to increased torque at the rotary table.
Furthermore, the frictional contact between the drill string and the casing potentially leads to wear of both the drill string and the casing. In conventional drilling applications, casing are installed at selected depth intervals of the wellbore, whereby generally the fracture pressure and the pore pressure of the surrounding formation are the determining factors for the length of each such depth interval. Except for the surface casing, each casing is lowered through a previously installed casing and extends from surface to near the lower end of the newly drilled depth interval. In view thereof subsequent casings necessarily are of stepwise decreasing diameter. The resulting nested casing arrangement implies that each casing normally is in frictional contact with the rotating drill string only for the duration of drilling the next depth interval. Therefore, for such applications, casing wear is normally not a significant problem.
EP-1044316-B1 discloses a wellbore system whereby subsequent casings do not extend to surface. Instead, each new wellbore interval is provided with a casing that extends from the lower end of the previous casing to near the newly drilled wellbore interval. Furthermore, each casing is radially expanded in the wellbore after having been lowered to the desired depth so that the wellbore can be drilled at a substantially uniform diameter along the length thereof.
It is a problem of the known wellbore system that each casing is exposed to wear due to frictional contact with the rotating drill string, for prolonged periods of time. The present invention therefore sets out to provide an improved system for drilling a wellbore, which overcomes the problems of the prior art.
In accordance with the invention there is provided a system for drilling a borehole into an earth formation, comprising a casing arranged in the borehole, a drill string extending through the interior of the casing to a lower end portion of the borehole, and a body of drilling fluid extending into the casing, the casing having an inner surface susceptible of wear due to frictional contact with an outer surface of the drill string during drilling of the borehole with the drill string, wherein the system further comprises means for reducing wear of said inner surface of the casing, said means including at least one of a hardened layer at the inner surface of the casing, a friction-reducing layer at the outer surface of the drill string, and a lubricating compound contained in the body of drilling fluid.
Tests have indicated that each said means are effective to protect the inner surface of the casing against wear, whereby the hardened inner layer of the casing protects the casing against the abrasive action of small particles contained in the drilling fluid, and the friction-reducing layer of the drill string and the lubricating compound in the drilling fluid protect the casing against high friction forces from direct contact with the drill string. For some applications, the best result is obtained if the system comprises each of the three wear reducing means, i.e. a hardened layer at the inner surface of the casing, a friction-reducing layer at the outer surface of the drill string, and a lubricating compound contained in the body of drilling fluid.
Suitably the hardened layer at the inner surface of the casing has a first hardness and the outer surface of the drill string has a second hardness, and wherein said first hardness is larger than said second hardness. For example, the ratio of the first hardness to the second hardness is between 1 and 5. Preferably the first hardness has a value of between 150 Hv and 600 Hv.
Suitably the friction-reducing layer of the drill string comprises poly-tetra-fluor-ethene (PTFE). The friction-reducing layer can be provided in the form of a coating applied to the outer surface of the drill string.
In an exemplary application, the lubricating compound includes between 64.25-90.89 wt% base oil, such as a natural triglyceride oil, fish oil, animal oil, vegetable triglyceride oil, sunflower seed oil, soybean oil, rapeseed oil canola oil, palm nut oil, palm oil, olive oil, rapeseed oil, canola oil, linseed oil, ground nut oil, soybean oil, cottonseed oil, sunflower seed oil, pumpkin seed oil, coconut oil, corn oil, castor oil, walnut oil, natural or synthetic oil, or an ester.
Suitably the lubricating compound includes between 0.02-0.05 wt% metal deactivator, for example Triazol or benzotriazol derivatives, such as tolytriazol.
Advantageously the lubricating compound includes between 0.5-3.0 wt% antioxidant, for example aromatic amine antioxidant and/or hindered phenolic antioxidants antioxidants, such as for example, 2,6-bis (tert butyl-4-methylphenol, BHT). Example commercially available products are: Octylated, Butylated Diphenylamine Antioxidant from Ciba-Geigy Corp (lrganox L 57); 2,6-bis (1,I-dimethylethyl)-4-methyl-Phenol, from PMC, Inc (BHT);
and Benzenepropanoic acid, 3,5-bis (1,1-demethylethyl)-4-hydroxy-, thiodi-2, 1-ethanediyl ester, from Ciba-Geigy Corp (Irganox 1035).
The lubricating compound preferably includes between 4-12 wt% sulfurized natural oils like sulfurized vegetable or animal fatty oils, with natural oils sulfur content 9%-21%, such as for example 13.5%-17.5%. Example commercially available products are: Sulfurized vegetable oils from Rhein Chemie Corporation (Additin RC-2515); and Sulfurized Lard Oil from Ferro Corporation (HSL).
The lubricating compound can include between 4-12 wt% phosphate ester, such as phosphoric acid esters with ethoxylated fatty ester (C12-C15) alcohols, preferably mixture of phosphoric acid ester with ethoxylated lauryl alcohol and phosphoric acid ester with ethoxylated tridecyl alcohol. Example commercially available products are: Phosphoric acid ester with ethoxylated lauryl alcohol and phosphoric acid ester with ethoxylated tridecyl alcohol from Houghton International (Houghton 5653).
The lubricating compound can include between 0.4-1.5 wt% phosphoric acid, for example phosphoric acid esters with ethoxylated fatty ester (C12-C15) alcohols, preferably mixture of phosphoric acid ester with ethoxylated lauryl alcohol and phosphoric acid ester with ethoxylated tridecyl alcohol. Example commercially available products are: Phosphoric acid ester with ethoxylated lauryl alcohol and phosphoric acid ester with ethoxylated tridecyl alcohol from Houghton International (Houghton 5653).
The lubricating compound suitably includes between 0.08-1.5 wt% viscosity modifier, such as polyacrylates, polymethacrylates, modifier inylpyrrolidone/methacrylate-copolymers, polyvinylpyrrolidones, polybutanes, olefin-copolymers, styrene/-acrylate-copolymers, polyethers, such as for example, styrene or butadiene-styrene polymer. An example commercially available product is Styrene Hydrocarbon Polymer from Lubrizol Corporation (Lubrizol 7440S).
The lubricating compound suitably includes between 0.1-0.5 wt% pour-point depressant, for example polymethacrylates, alkylated naphthalene depressant derivatives, such as alkyl ester copolymers. An example commercially available product is Alkyl ester copolymer from Lubrizol Corporation (Lubrizol 6662).
The lubricating compound suitably includes between 0.01-0.2 wt% defoamer, such as silicon based antifoam agent. An example commercially available product is Silicon based antifoam agent from Ultra Additives (Foam Ban 103).
The lubricating compound can include between 0-5 wt%
carboxylic acid soaps, for example alkali, alkanolamine, alkyl amine or alkoxylated acid soaps amine salts of mono-or dibasic fatty acids, or mixture thereof. An example commercially available product is Soap formed in situ as a product of reaction between Tall Oil Fatty Acids (Sylvatal D3OLR from Arizona Chemical Co.) and triethanol amine (TEA 99 from Huntsman Corporation).
A number of drilling fluids were tested to determine the effect of various lubricating compounds on drill string wear, casing wear, and friction coefficient between drill string and casing. The tested drilling fluids were:
fluid 1: water based drilling fluid containing 3 wt%
bentonite;
fluid 2: water based drilling fluid containing 3 wt%
barite;
fluid 3: water based drilling fluid containing 3 wt%
Cosmolubric ETL manufactured by Houghton International Inc.;
fluid 4: water based drilling fluid containing 3 wt%
Torque Trim manufactured by Halliburton;
fluid 5: water based drilling fluid containing 3 wt%
Oleon manufactured by Oleon;
fluid 6: water based drilling fluid containing 3 wt%
Anderson manufactured by Leonard Andersen with Mobil Oil composition and PTFE particles;
fluid 7: water based drilling fluid containing G-seal.
The drill string and casing were made of VM 50 steel.
The results of the tests are listed in table 1, whereby drill string wear and casing wear are indicated in mm/km which refers to wall thickness reduction (mm) per km relative movement between the contact surfaces of the drill string and the casing.
Table 1 drill string casing wear friction wear (mm/km) (mm/km) coefficient fluid 1 0.035 0.47 0.45 fluid 2 0.009 0.09 0.21 fluid 3 0.004 0.03 0.16 fluid 4 0.003 0.05 0.16 fluid 5 0.006 0.06 0.27 fluid 6 0.002 0.03 0.16 fluid 7 0.057 0.41 0.6 Also, tests were performed for various coatings applied to the outer surface of the drill string, to determine the effect of the coatings on drill string wear, casing wear, and friction coefficient between drill string and casing. The tested drill string coatings were:
coating 1: Victrex coat manufactured by Victrex Peek Coating (Houston TX, USA);
coating 2: Ruby Red manufactured by Kersten Kunstofcoating (Netherlands);
coating 3: MC coat manufactured by Metal Coating Corp.
(Coating (Houston TX, USA);
coating 4: Ceram coat manufactured by Freecom INC.
(Coating (Houston TX, USA);
coating 5: Green coat manufactured by Endura Coating (Warren MI, USA);
coating 6: H329 coat manufactured by Hitemco Southwest (Coating (Houston TX, USA);
coating 7: T15 coat manufactured by Hitemco Southwest (Coating (Houston TX, USA);
carboxylic acid soaps, for example alkali, alkanolamine, alkyl amine or alkoxylated acid soaps amine salts of mono-or dibasic fatty acids, or mixture thereof. An example commercially available product is Soap formed in situ as a product of reaction between Tall Oil Fatty Acids (Sylvatal D3OLR from Arizona Chemical Co.) and triethanol amine (TEA 99 from Huntsman Corporation).
A number of drilling fluids were tested to determine the effect of various lubricating compounds on drill string wear, casing wear, and friction coefficient between drill string and casing. The tested drilling fluids were:
fluid 1: water based drilling fluid containing 3 wt%
bentonite;
fluid 2: water based drilling fluid containing 3 wt%
barite;
fluid 3: water based drilling fluid containing 3 wt%
Cosmolubric ETL manufactured by Houghton International Inc.;
fluid 4: water based drilling fluid containing 3 wt%
Torque Trim manufactured by Halliburton;
fluid 5: water based drilling fluid containing 3 wt%
Oleon manufactured by Oleon;
fluid 6: water based drilling fluid containing 3 wt%
Anderson manufactured by Leonard Andersen with Mobil Oil composition and PTFE particles;
fluid 7: water based drilling fluid containing G-seal.
The drill string and casing were made of VM 50 steel.
The results of the tests are listed in table 1, whereby drill string wear and casing wear are indicated in mm/km which refers to wall thickness reduction (mm) per km relative movement between the contact surfaces of the drill string and the casing.
Table 1 drill string casing wear friction wear (mm/km) (mm/km) coefficient fluid 1 0.035 0.47 0.45 fluid 2 0.009 0.09 0.21 fluid 3 0.004 0.03 0.16 fluid 4 0.003 0.05 0.16 fluid 5 0.006 0.06 0.27 fluid 6 0.002 0.03 0.16 fluid 7 0.057 0.41 0.6 Also, tests were performed for various coatings applied to the outer surface of the drill string, to determine the effect of the coatings on drill string wear, casing wear, and friction coefficient between drill string and casing. The tested drill string coatings were:
coating 1: Victrex coat manufactured by Victrex Peek Coating (Houston TX, USA);
coating 2: Ruby Red manufactured by Kersten Kunstofcoating (Netherlands);
coating 3: MC coat manufactured by Metal Coating Corp.
(Coating (Houston TX, USA);
coating 4: Ceram coat manufactured by Freecom INC.
(Coating (Houston TX, USA);
coating 5: Green coat manufactured by Endura Coating (Warren MI, USA);
coating 6: H329 coat manufactured by Hitemco Southwest (Coating (Houston TX, USA);
coating 7: T15 coat manufactured by Hitemco Southwest (Coating (Houston TX, USA);
coating 8: T90 green manufactured by Hitemco Southwest (Coating (Houston TX, USA).
The drill string was made of VM 50 steel, and the casing was made of VM 50 steel. The drilling fluid was water based and included Bentonite and barite as friction reducing compounds.
The results of the tests are listed in table 2, whereby drill string wear and casing wear are indicated in mm/km which refers to wall thickness reduction (mm) per km relative movement between the contact surfaces of the drill string and the casing.
Table 2 drill string casing wear friction wear (mm/km) (mm/km) coefficient coating 1 0.02 0.08 0.2 coating 2 0.01 0.02 0.08 coating 3 0.079 0.82 0.3 coating 4 0.06 0.75 0.3 coating 5 0.06 1.1 0.6 coating 6 0.08 1.1 0.31 coating 7 0.055 0.96 0.8 coating 8 0.011 0.3 0.23 The invention will be described hereinafter by way of example in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Fig. 1 schematically shows a wellbore drilled with an embodiment of the drilling system of the invention;
Fig. 2 schematically shows the wellbore of Fig. 1 during continued drilling of the wellbore; and Fig. 3 schematically shows the wellbore of Figs. 1 and 2 after drilling is completed.
The drill string was made of VM 50 steel, and the casing was made of VM 50 steel. The drilling fluid was water based and included Bentonite and barite as friction reducing compounds.
The results of the tests are listed in table 2, whereby drill string wear and casing wear are indicated in mm/km which refers to wall thickness reduction (mm) per km relative movement between the contact surfaces of the drill string and the casing.
Table 2 drill string casing wear friction wear (mm/km) (mm/km) coefficient coating 1 0.02 0.08 0.2 coating 2 0.01 0.02 0.08 coating 3 0.079 0.82 0.3 coating 4 0.06 0.75 0.3 coating 5 0.06 1.1 0.6 coating 6 0.08 1.1 0.31 coating 7 0.055 0.96 0.8 coating 8 0.011 0.3 0.23 The invention will be described hereinafter by way of example in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Fig. 1 schematically shows a wellbore drilled with an embodiment of the drilling system of the invention;
Fig. 2 schematically shows the wellbore of Fig. 1 during continued drilling of the wellbore; and Fig. 3 schematically shows the wellbore of Figs. 1 and 2 after drilling is completed.
Referring to Fig. 1 there is shown a wellbore 1 formed into an earth formation 2 during drilling thereof using a drill string 4 provided with a drill bit 5. The drill string 4 extends from a drilling rig 6 at the earth surface 8 to the bottom 10 of the wellbore 1, and is provided with a flow passage (not shown) for pumping drilling fluid from the drilling rig 6 via the flow passage to the drill bit 5, and from there into the wellbore 1. An upper portion 12 of the wellbore 1 is provided with a first steel casing 14 having a lower end part 15 of increased diameter to receive a second casing (referred to hereinafter) therein. The first casing 14 is radially expandable and has a hardened inner surface 16, with hardness larger than the hardness of the outer surface of the drill string 4.
The drill string 4 is provided with an outer layer in the form of a poly-tetra-fluor-ethene (PTFE) coating 18. Suitably the PTFE coating 18 comprises Ruby Red Teflon marketed as Teflon PFA Coating by Kersten Kunstofcoating (Netherlands).
In Fig. 2 is shown the wellbore 1 after drilling of a further section thereof, whereby a second steel casing 20 is arranged below the first casing 14 in the wellbore 1. The second casing 20 extends a short distance into the lower end part 15 of the first casing 14 to provide a sealed connection between the two casings 14, 20.
Similarly to the first casing 14, the second casing 20 is radially expandable and has a hardened inner surface 22, with hardness larger than the hardness of the outer surface of the drill string 4. Furthermore, the second casing 20 has a lower end part 24 of increased diameter to receive a third casing (referred to hereinafter) therein.
The drill string 4 is provided with an outer layer in the form of a poly-tetra-fluor-ethene (PTFE) coating 18. Suitably the PTFE coating 18 comprises Ruby Red Teflon marketed as Teflon PFA Coating by Kersten Kunstofcoating (Netherlands).
In Fig. 2 is shown the wellbore 1 after drilling of a further section thereof, whereby a second steel casing 20 is arranged below the first casing 14 in the wellbore 1. The second casing 20 extends a short distance into the lower end part 15 of the first casing 14 to provide a sealed connection between the two casings 14, 20.
Similarly to the first casing 14, the second casing 20 is radially expandable and has a hardened inner surface 22, with hardness larger than the hardness of the outer surface of the drill string 4. Furthermore, the second casing 20 has a lower end part 24 of increased diameter to receive a third casing (referred to hereinafter) therein.
In Fig. 3 is shown the wellbore 1 after drilling is completed, whereby the drilling rig 6 has been replaced with a wellhead 26. A third casing 28 is arranged below the second casing 20 in the wellbore 1. The third casing 28 extends a short distance into the lower end part 24 of the second casing 20 to provide a sealed connection between the two casings 20, 28. Similarly to the first and second casings, the third casing 28 is radially expandable and has a hardened inner surface 30, with hardness larger than the hardness of the outer surface of the drill string 4.
During normal operation, the drill string is rotated by a rotary table (not shown) at the drilling rig 6 to drill an upper portion of the wellbore 1, whereafter the drill string is retrieved and the first casing 14 is installed in the upper wellbore portion.
Subsequently, the wellbore is drilled deeper whereby the drill string 4 passes through the first casing 14, and into the new wellbore portion being drilled. A
drilling fluid is simultaneously pumped through the flow passage of the drill string 4 into the lower portion of the wellbore 1. The drilling fluid returns to surface through the annular space 32 formed between the wellbore wall and the casing 14 on one hand, and the drill string 4 on the other hand. The drilling fluid is provided with a lubricating compound in the form of vegetable oil to reduce frictional forces between the rotating drill string 4, and the casing 14 and wellbore wall.
After the new wellbore portion has been drilled to a selected depth, the drill string 4 is retrieved to surface and the second casing 20 is installed in the newly drilled wellbore portion. The second casing 20 extends a short distance into the lower end part 15 of the first casing 14 to provide a sealed connection between the two casings 14, 20.
In a next step, a further wellbore portion is drilled whereby the drill string 4 passes through the first casing 14, the second casing 20, and into the further wellbore portion being drilled. Drilling fluid is simultaneously circulated downwardly through the drill string 4, and upwardly through the annular space 32 between the drill string 4 on one hand, and the wellbore wall and the casings 14, 20 on the other hand. The drilling fluid is provided with said vegetable oil to reduce frictional forces between the rotating drill string 4, and the casings 14, 20 and wellbore wall.
After the further wellbore portion has been drilled to a selected depth, the drill string 4 is retrieved to surface and the third casing 28 is installed below the second casing 20 in the wellbore 1. The third casing 28 extends a short distance into the lower end part 24 of the second casing 20 to provide a sealed connection between the two casings 20, 28.
The above steps are repeated as many times as required to drill the wellbore 1 to the desired depth.
By virtue of the hardened inner surfaces 16, 22, 30 of the respective casings 14, 20, 28, the PTFE coating on the outer surface of the drill string 4, and the lubricating compound in the drilling fluid, it is achieved that the frictional forces between the drill string 4 on one hand, and the inner surfaces 16, 22, 30 of the respective casings 14, 20, 28 is minimal.
Moreover, it is achieved that any wear of the inner surfaces 16, 22, 30 of the respective casings 14, 20, 28 due to contact with the rotating drill string 4, is limited to a minimum. The latter effect is of particular importance since the major part of each casing section 14, 20, 28 does not overlap with any other casing section during drilling, so that each casing section 14, 20, 28 is exposed to frictional contact with the drill string 4 for prolonged periods of drilling. This is in contrast to conventional wellbore drilling whereby the casings are arranged in a nested arrangement with each subsequent casing extending to surface through a previous casing which thereby no longer is exposed to frictional forces from the drill string during further drilling of the wellbore.
Instead of using a conventional drill string which is retrieved to surface after drilling the respective wellbore portions, a drill string can be used that is transformed into a casing after a selected wellbore portion has been drilled. Such method is generally referred to as "casing drilling" or "liner drilling". For example, the drill string can be formed as an expandable tubular element that is radially expanded in the newly drilled wellbore portion to form a casing therein. It is envisaged that the method of the invention is of particular interest for these "casing drilling" or "liner drilling" applications since the drill string (which is to be transformed into casing) has no radial upsets like in a conventional drill string, which otherwise can be designed to minimise friction between the drill string and the borehole wall/casing, and wear of the casing.
Furthermore, it is envisaged that friction reduction between drill string and borehole wall/casing is particularly important for "casing drilling" or "liner drilling" applications because it helps to reduce the rotational torque increase due to the relatively large diameter of the rotating "casing" or " liner" relative to the borehole diameter.
During normal operation, the drill string is rotated by a rotary table (not shown) at the drilling rig 6 to drill an upper portion of the wellbore 1, whereafter the drill string is retrieved and the first casing 14 is installed in the upper wellbore portion.
Subsequently, the wellbore is drilled deeper whereby the drill string 4 passes through the first casing 14, and into the new wellbore portion being drilled. A
drilling fluid is simultaneously pumped through the flow passage of the drill string 4 into the lower portion of the wellbore 1. The drilling fluid returns to surface through the annular space 32 formed between the wellbore wall and the casing 14 on one hand, and the drill string 4 on the other hand. The drilling fluid is provided with a lubricating compound in the form of vegetable oil to reduce frictional forces between the rotating drill string 4, and the casing 14 and wellbore wall.
After the new wellbore portion has been drilled to a selected depth, the drill string 4 is retrieved to surface and the second casing 20 is installed in the newly drilled wellbore portion. The second casing 20 extends a short distance into the lower end part 15 of the first casing 14 to provide a sealed connection between the two casings 14, 20.
In a next step, a further wellbore portion is drilled whereby the drill string 4 passes through the first casing 14, the second casing 20, and into the further wellbore portion being drilled. Drilling fluid is simultaneously circulated downwardly through the drill string 4, and upwardly through the annular space 32 between the drill string 4 on one hand, and the wellbore wall and the casings 14, 20 on the other hand. The drilling fluid is provided with said vegetable oil to reduce frictional forces between the rotating drill string 4, and the casings 14, 20 and wellbore wall.
After the further wellbore portion has been drilled to a selected depth, the drill string 4 is retrieved to surface and the third casing 28 is installed below the second casing 20 in the wellbore 1. The third casing 28 extends a short distance into the lower end part 24 of the second casing 20 to provide a sealed connection between the two casings 20, 28.
The above steps are repeated as many times as required to drill the wellbore 1 to the desired depth.
By virtue of the hardened inner surfaces 16, 22, 30 of the respective casings 14, 20, 28, the PTFE coating on the outer surface of the drill string 4, and the lubricating compound in the drilling fluid, it is achieved that the frictional forces between the drill string 4 on one hand, and the inner surfaces 16, 22, 30 of the respective casings 14, 20, 28 is minimal.
Moreover, it is achieved that any wear of the inner surfaces 16, 22, 30 of the respective casings 14, 20, 28 due to contact with the rotating drill string 4, is limited to a minimum. The latter effect is of particular importance since the major part of each casing section 14, 20, 28 does not overlap with any other casing section during drilling, so that each casing section 14, 20, 28 is exposed to frictional contact with the drill string 4 for prolonged periods of drilling. This is in contrast to conventional wellbore drilling whereby the casings are arranged in a nested arrangement with each subsequent casing extending to surface through a previous casing which thereby no longer is exposed to frictional forces from the drill string during further drilling of the wellbore.
Instead of using a conventional drill string which is retrieved to surface after drilling the respective wellbore portions, a drill string can be used that is transformed into a casing after a selected wellbore portion has been drilled. Such method is generally referred to as "casing drilling" or "liner drilling". For example, the drill string can be formed as an expandable tubular element that is radially expanded in the newly drilled wellbore portion to form a casing therein. It is envisaged that the method of the invention is of particular interest for these "casing drilling" or "liner drilling" applications since the drill string (which is to be transformed into casing) has no radial upsets like in a conventional drill string, which otherwise can be designed to minimise friction between the drill string and the borehole wall/casing, and wear of the casing.
Furthermore, it is envisaged that friction reduction between drill string and borehole wall/casing is particularly important for "casing drilling" or "liner drilling" applications because it helps to reduce the rotational torque increase due to the relatively large diameter of the rotating "casing" or " liner" relative to the borehole diameter.
Claims (20)
1. A system for drilling a borehole into an earth formation, comprising a casing arranged in the borehole, a drill string extending through the interior of the casing to a lower end portion of the borehole, and a body of drilling fluid extending into the casing, the casing having an inner surface susceptible of wear due to frictional contact with an outer surface of the drill string during drilling of the borehole with the drill string, wherein the system further comprises means for reducing wear of said inner surface of the casing, said means including at least one of a hardened layer at the inner surface of the casing, a friction-reducing layer at the outer surface of the drill string, and a lubricating compound contained in the body of drilling fluid.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the hardened layer at the inner surface of the casing has a first hardness and the outer surface of the drill string has a second hardness, and wherein said first hardness is larger than said second hardness.
3. The system of claim 2, wherein the ratio of the first hardness to the second hardness is between 1 and 5.
4. The system of claim 2 or 3, wherein the first hardness has a value of between 150 Hv and 600 Hv.
5. The system of any one of claims 1-4, wherein said friction-reducing layer at the outer surface of the drill string comprises poly-tetra-fluor-ethene (PTFE).
6. The system of claim 5, wherein said outer layer forms a coating applied to the outer surface of the drill string.
7. The system of any one of claims 1-6, wherein the lubricating compound includes between 64.25-90.89 wt%
base oil.
base oil.
8. The system of claim 7, wherein said base oil is selected from a natural triglyceride oil, fish oil, animal oil, vegetable triglyceride oil, sunflower seed oil, soybean oil, rapeseed oil canola oil, palm nut oil, palm oil, olive oil, rapeseed oil, canola oil, linseed oil, ground nut oil, soybean oil, cottonseed oil, sunflower seed oil, pumpkin seed oil, coconut oil, corn oil, castor oil, walnut oil, a natural or synthetic oil, and an ester.
9. The system of any one of claims 1-8, wherein the lubricating compound includes between 0.02-0.05 wt% metal deactivator.
10. The system of any one of claims1-9, wherein the lubricating compound includes between 0.5-3.0 wt%
antioxidant.
antioxidant.
11. The system of any one of claims 1-10, wherein the lubricating compound includes between 4-12 wt% sulfurized natural oils.
12. The system of any one of claims 1-11, wherein the lubricating compound includes between 4-12 wt% phosphate ester.
13. The system of any one of claims 1-12, wherein the lubricating compound includes between 0.4-1.5 wt%
phosphoric acid.
phosphoric acid.
14. The system of any one of claims 1-13, wherein the lubricating compound includes between 0.08-1.5 wt%
viscosity modifier.
viscosity modifier.
15. The system of any one of claims 1-14, wherein the lubricating compound includes between 0.1-0.5 wt% pour-point depressant.
16. The system of any one of claims 1-15, wherein the lubricating compound includes between 0.01-0.2 wt%
defoamer.
defoamer.
17. The system of any one of claims 1-16, wherein the lubricating compound includes between 0-5 wt% carboxylic acid soaps.
18. The system of any one of claims 1-17, wherein the casing is formed of a plurality of casing sections, each casing section having at least a portion not overlapping with any other one of the casing sections.
19. The system of claim 18, wherein the casing is radially expandable, the system further comprising means for radially expanding a first one of said plurality of casing sections, and means for lowering a second one of said plurality of casing sections through said first casing section after radial expansion thereof.
20. The system substantially as described hereinbefore with reference to the drawings.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP07108250.7 | 2007-05-15 | ||
EP07108250 | 2007-05-15 | ||
PCT/EP2008/055930 WO2008138957A2 (en) | 2007-05-15 | 2008-05-15 | System for drilling a wellbore |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CA2686386A1 true CA2686386A1 (en) | 2008-11-20 |
Family
ID=38473003
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CA002686386A Abandoned CA2686386A1 (en) | 2007-05-15 | 2008-05-15 | System for drilling a wellbore |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20110272139A1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN101680278A (en) |
AU (1) | AU2008250002A1 (en) |
BR (1) | BRPI0811595A2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2686386A1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB2461471B (en) |
WO (1) | WO2008138957A2 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US9663700B2 (en) | 2013-04-24 | 2017-05-30 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Methods of treating a well with a fluorinated lubricant or corrosion inhibitor |
Families Citing this family (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8602113B2 (en) | 2008-08-20 | 2013-12-10 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Coated oil and gas well production devices |
US8286715B2 (en) | 2008-08-20 | 2012-10-16 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Coated sleeved oil and gas well production devices |
US8561707B2 (en) | 2009-08-18 | 2013-10-22 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Ultra-low friction coatings for drill stem assemblies |
US8590627B2 (en) | 2010-02-22 | 2013-11-26 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Coated sleeved oil and gas well production devices |
CN102311722A (en) * | 2010-06-29 | 2012-01-11 | 哈尔滨杰力沃石油科技有限公司 | Aliphatic acid lubricant for petroleum drilling fluid |
US8714255B2 (en) * | 2011-03-30 | 2014-05-06 | Coil Chem, Llc | Completion fluid with friction reduction |
WO2013082134A1 (en) * | 2011-11-28 | 2013-06-06 | Schlumberger Canada Limited | Low-friction oilfield equipment |
RU2635701C1 (en) * | 2013-11-21 | 2017-11-15 | Хэллибертон Энерджи Сервисиз, Инк. | Reduction of friction and wear of well pipes with use of graphene |
CN105694827A (en) * | 2016-03-14 | 2016-06-22 | 中国石油集团渤海钻探工程有限公司 | Lubricant applicable to organic salt drilling fluid and preparation method of lubricant |
US10502010B2 (en) | 2017-03-13 | 2019-12-10 | Wen J Whan | Vacuum assisted aerated drilling |
CN108659927A (en) * | 2018-05-08 | 2018-10-16 | 成都创巨油气工程技术有限公司 | A kind of oil gas field metal tubing string construction environment-friendly type lubricating fluid |
US20240093623A1 (en) * | 2021-06-16 | 2024-03-21 | Radjet Services Us, Inc. | Method and system for reducing friction in radial drilling and jet drilling operations |
Family Cites Families (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3297098A (en) * | 1963-08-13 | 1967-01-10 | Gen Aniline & Film Corp | Process for aerated drilling |
US3716486A (en) * | 1971-03-18 | 1973-02-13 | Milchem Inc | Brine drilling fluid lubricant and process for drilling subterranean wells with same |
US3761410A (en) * | 1971-03-22 | 1973-09-25 | Nl Industries Inc | Composition and process for increasing the lubricity of water base drilling fluids |
US4103748A (en) * | 1976-12-10 | 1978-08-01 | Arnold James F | Method for inhibiting the wear in a well casing |
US4573540A (en) * | 1984-11-19 | 1986-03-04 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Method for drilling deviated wellbores |
EP0248615A3 (en) * | 1986-06-04 | 1988-11-30 | Diamond Products Limited Oreco | Improvements in drilling apparatus |
GB2204895B (en) * | 1987-05-21 | 1991-11-27 | Stephen Francis Lloyd | Drill pipe tubing and casing protectors |
US5328763A (en) * | 1993-02-03 | 1994-07-12 | Kennametal Inc. | Spray powder for hardfacing and part with hardfacing |
RU2076132C1 (en) * | 1995-06-01 | 1997-03-27 | Тюменский научно-исследовательский и проектный институт природного газа и газовых технологий | Lubrication agent for drilling muds |
EP0843773B1 (en) * | 1995-08-30 | 2000-10-18 | Drilltech Services (Asia) Pte Limited | Friction-reducing drill pipe component |
EP0770661A1 (en) * | 1995-10-27 | 1997-05-02 | B W Mud Limited | Lubricant for drilling mud |
EG21132A (en) * | 1995-12-15 | 2000-11-29 | Super Graphite Co | Drilling fluid loss prevention and lubrication additive |
US5891830A (en) * | 1997-01-31 | 1999-04-06 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Lubricating grease |
DK1044316T3 (en) * | 1997-12-31 | 2002-11-04 | Shell Int Research | Process for drilling and finishing a hydrocarbon production well |
CA2419806A1 (en) * | 2000-10-02 | 2002-04-11 | Robert Lance Cook | Method and apparatus for casing expansion |
AU2003223178A1 (en) * | 2002-05-16 | 2003-12-02 | Wagon Trail Ventures, Inc. | Tubular goods and liners |
US8273689B2 (en) * | 2004-03-03 | 2012-09-25 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Method for lubricating and/or reducing corrosion of drilling equipment |
-
2008
- 2008-05-15 BR BRPI0811595-8A2A patent/BRPI0811595A2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2008-05-15 AU AU2008250002A patent/AU2008250002A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2008-05-15 WO PCT/EP2008/055930 patent/WO2008138957A2/en active Application Filing
- 2008-05-15 US US12/599,818 patent/US20110272139A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2008-05-15 GB GB0919530.6A patent/GB2461471B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-05-15 CA CA002686386A patent/CA2686386A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2008-05-15 CN CN200880018535A patent/CN101680278A/en active Pending
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US9663700B2 (en) | 2013-04-24 | 2017-05-30 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Methods of treating a well with a fluorinated lubricant or corrosion inhibitor |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB2461471B (en) | 2012-02-15 |
GB0919530D0 (en) | 2009-12-23 |
GB2461471A (en) | 2010-01-06 |
US20110272139A1 (en) | 2011-11-10 |
AU2008250002A1 (en) | 2008-11-20 |
BRPI0811595A2 (en) | 2014-12-16 |
WO2008138957A3 (en) | 2009-01-15 |
WO2008138957A2 (en) | 2008-11-20 |
CN101680278A (en) | 2010-03-24 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US20110272139A1 (en) | System for drilling a wellbore | |
CA2385596C (en) | Lubricant coating for expandable tubular members | |
US7071150B2 (en) | Biodegradable lubricating composition and uses thereof, in particular in a bore fluid | |
US20190309210A1 (en) | Development of anti-bit balling fluids | |
US20070289818A1 (en) | Expandable Tubular Lubrication | |
AU2010331833B2 (en) | Biodegradable lubricating composition and use thereof in a drilling fluid, in particular for very deep reservoirs | |
CN101486896B (en) | Drilling fluid lubricating agent | |
US5658860A (en) | Environmentally safe lubricated well fluid method of making a well fluid and method of drilling | |
US5586608A (en) | Method of making an anti-bit balling well fluid using a polyol having a cloud point, and method of drilling | |
AU2016287464B2 (en) | A method of expanding a tubular and expandable tubular | |
EP3283596B1 (en) | Additive compositions for drilling fluids and methods for their use | |
US10844267B2 (en) | Jojoba oil drilling fluid | |
MX2009000088A (en) | Improved high performance water-based drilling fluid. | |
EP0191608A2 (en) | Lubricating grease for rock drill bits and bits so lubricated | |
GB2391033A (en) | A method and apparatus for lubricated expansion of tubulars | |
CA2588377A1 (en) | Expandable tubular lubrication | |
US11407956B1 (en) | Lubricant formulation for multiple water-based muds | |
Vargo et al. | Additives for Biodegradable Lubricants | |
AU2005242124A1 (en) | Lubricant coating for expandable tubular members | |
BRPI0901904A2 (en) | use of vegetable oil as biodegradable lubricant for pneumatically driven hammers for rock and soil drilling |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
FZDE | Discontinued |
Effective date: 20130515 |